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WO2002081758A1 - Agent inoculant ameliore - Google Patents

Agent inoculant ameliore Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002081758A1
WO2002081758A1 PCT/GB2002/001519 GB0201519W WO02081758A1 WO 2002081758 A1 WO2002081758 A1 WO 2002081758A1 GB 0201519 W GB0201519 W GB 0201519W WO 02081758 A1 WO02081758 A1 WO 02081758A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
inoculant
granules
calcium
silicon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2002/001519
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Jaunich
Gerd Trinkl
Manfred Fessel
Stefan Giebing
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Foseco International Ltd
Original Assignee
Foseco International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Foseco International Ltd filed Critical Foseco International Ltd
Publication of WO2002081758A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002081758A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/18—Non-metallic particles coated with metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to inoculants in the form of granules which are an agglomeration of powder particles.
  • Inoculants used in the metallurgical industry are alloys added in small amounts to liquid iron, prior to casting, to induce eutectic graphite nucleation.
  • 'agglomeration' is taken to include the process of binding together smaller particles to form lager particles (e.g. granules) by a process involving at least partial melting of the smaller particles.
  • the presence of the binding agent in the agglomerated particles may be undesirable, for example if the agglomerated particles are to be added to another substance (e.g. a metallurgical melt), since the binding agent may cause unwanted contamination.
  • sintering of the smaller particles to form larger particles may be preferable, but there are also problems with conventional sintering techniques.
  • sintering there may be insufficient control over the size of the larger particles formed, for example a very wide range of particle sizes may be produced.
  • Another problem which frequently occurs with conventional sintering techniques is that the particles may fuse to the wall of the kiln or other vessel in which the sintering takes place. This problem is particularly prevalent in rotary kiln sintering, for example.
  • a granular inoculant wherein the granules are spherical or substantially so, and comprise one of ferrosilicon material and a different metallurgical additive component encapsulated within the other thereof.
  • 'metallurgical additive includes any element or compound which has, or contributes to, an inoculating effect, in use.
  • the encapsulation is preferably by the solidification of partly melted ferrosilicon material around the additive component.
  • the term 'melted' and as used throughout this specification embraces melting or softening of substances which may, for example, have sharp melting temperatures, or a series of melting temperatures, or no sharp melting temperature.
  • the fine powder particles are agglomerated to form a plurality of granules.
  • the agglomeration may, if desired, be accomplished by heating the particles to a temperature at which they start to sinter (hereinafter referred to as the 'sintering temperature') or by heating the particles to higher temperatures.
  • the temperature may range from the sintering temperature through to the temperature(s) at which the component(s) may become totally fluid, or to even higher temperatures.
  • the powder particles may, for example, have a maximum diameter (or other maximum dimension) of a fraction of a millimetre, and the spherical or substantially spherical inoculant granules formed by the agglomeration of the powder particles may have a maximum diameter (or other maximum dimension) of a larger fraction of a millimetre, or of one or more millimetres.
  • the particles comprise so-called 'fines' of an inoculant, namely a ferrosilicon mixture, the largest of which have a maximum dimension of approximately 0.3 mm (with many of the fines being significantly smaller than this).
  • the smallest granules which are formed preferably have a minimum dimension of at least 0.2 mm, and the largest granules preferably have a maximum dimension of 0.7 mm.
  • the granules have a size range of approximately 2.0 - 6.0 mm, for example, other sizes of particle may, of course, be used, and the sizes of the granules produced may be larger or smaller than those of this example.
  • the energy stream employed to heat the particles can be, for example, a laser beam, as in EP 1092470 Al, a stream of hot gas or plasma, a flame, or an electric discharge directed at the particles to produce the desired melting or partial melting of the particles.
  • oxidisable materials are present as metallurgical additive components of the powder, it is preferred to conduct the process in a reducing atmosphere or in an inert gas atmosphere. In theory the process could be operated in vacuo, but generally speaking, this would be expensive to realise.
  • the energy stream can be a flame produced by oxidation of combustible material, for example, acetylene/oxygen, hydrogen/oxygen, and aluminium powder/oxygen.
  • Hot gas produced by subjecting gas to electrical discharge is also a suitable energy stream.
  • a stream of hot gas or plasma can be generated by passing gas between two or more electrodes, and striking an arc between the electrodes.
  • devices which employ the interaction of substances with electricity to achieve an energy stream capable of heating the particles to a high temperature for example the so-called atomic hydrogen torch which can produce extremely high temperatures.
  • Devices which provide an energy stream by a combination of electrical heating and combustion of a gas can also be employed.
  • a number of known welding techniques produce an energy stream suitable for use to agglomerate the particles, for example gas tungsten-arc welding (GTAW), atomic hydrogen welding (AHW), plasma-arc welding (PAW), Thermit welding, electron-beam welding (EBW), metal inert gas welding (MIG) and oxy-hydrogen flame welding. Any of these welding techniques can also be supplemented with laser welding technology.
  • GTAW gas tungsten-arc welding
  • AHW atomic hydrogen welding
  • PAW plasma-arc welding
  • EBW electron-beam welding
  • MIG metal inert gas welding
  • oxy-hydrogen flame welding oxy-hydrogen flame welding.
  • Any of these welding techniques can also be supplemented with laser welding technology.
  • Preferred methods of generating and utilising the energy stream use the technology of welding processes conducted in a reducing or inert gas environment, for example, tungsten inert gas (TIG) and plasma welding processes. Plasma welding technology is particularly preferred.
  • the melting or partial melting effect produced by the energy stream can be augmented by the use of supplementary heating, for example, by carrying out the process in an oven or furnace, by directing electromagnetic energy at the particles, or by using a laser beam, for example as employed in laser-beam welding (LB W) technology.
  • supplementary heating for example, by carrying out the process in an oven or furnace, by directing electromagnetic energy at the particles, or by using a laser beam, for example as employed in laser-beam welding (LB W) technology.
  • the quantity of heat provided by the energy is suitably at least sufficient to cause melting or softening of areas of the surface of the particles so that agglomeration of one or more adjacent particles may be facilitated. If desired a proportion, or all, of the particles may undergo total melting. Under these circumstances the molten or partially molten particles can agglomerate, e.g. by the effect of surface tension, and subsequently cool to form the granules. However, the application of too high a temperature, or heating for too long a period, may cause the production of undesirably large agglomerate, or even total fusion of the whole mass of particles.
  • Relative movement is provided between the powder particles and the energy stream such that at least some of the particles are brought into the path of the stream for a predetermined time and are thereby melted or partly melted and are then conducted away from the stream and cooled to form a plurality of solid granules.
  • the relative movement can be provided by moving the particles and maintaining the source of the energy stream stationary, or by moving said source and maintaining the particles stationary, or by a combination of both these methods.
  • the source of the energy stream is maintained substantially stationary, i.e. the particles to be agglomerated are arranged to move with respect to a fixed source of the energy stream. For example, one or more plasma welding torches directed towards the particles are maintained substantially stationary.
  • the source of the energy stream may be moved, for example by moving suitable welding devices so that the produced energy streams impinge on the particles. In this way, the energy stream or streams may 'scan' the particles to be agglomerated. In the interests of efficiency, however, an arrangement in which the particles are moved relative to a stationary source of the energy stream or streams is normally preferred.
  • the support body which supports the particles during at least part of (preferably the whole of) the heating by the energy stream.
  • the support body preferably includes at least one groove in which the particles being heated by the energy steam are contained.
  • the shape and depth of the groove will normally be chosen according to the size of the particles being agglomerated and the size of the granules to be formed by the agglomeration.
  • the groove preferably has a depth of at least 2 mm, more preferably at least 4 mm, even more preferably at least 8 mm, for example approximately 10 mm.
  • the groove may be substantially square or rectangular in cross-section, but other cross-sectional shapes are possible, for example substantially U-shaped or V-shaped.
  • the support body preferably moves with respect to the source of the energy stream, thereby causing or assisting the powder particles to move with respect thereto; i.e. the moving support body preferably carries the particles through the energy stream.
  • the support body may comprise a conveyor belt or a system of rollers, or a single wheel or roller.
  • the speed of rotation employed will depend on the desired residence time of the particles in the energy stream.
  • the support body comprises a conveyor belt or like device the rate of movement of the belt will be determined by the desired residence time.
  • the chosen residence time itself will depend on a variety of factors including the heating power of the energy stream, the melting properties of the powder, and the desired particle size of the produced granules.
  • the support body is a roller which preferably rotates about an axis which is substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the energy stream.
  • the powder particles are preferably moved towards the energy stream by means of a chute, the chute preferably supplying the powder particles to the support body.
  • a hopper or other source of the powder particles can be employed to feed the particles to the top of the chute.
  • the particles may move with respect to the support, for example they may be guided by the support.
  • the particles may, for example, move under gravity, e.g. preferably on an inclined support, or they mat be blown by pressurized gas. Movement along an inclined support can be assisted by vibration if desired.
  • the relative movement of the particles to be agglomerated may be continuous or discontinuous.
  • the particles may be moved into the energy stream and then held substantially stationary (or at least significantly slowed down) for a predetermined duration while they heat up and melt or partially melt, before being moved out of the energy stream when the desired amount of melting has occurred. It is preferred to move the particles continuously whilst maintaining the source of the energy stream stationary.
  • one method is to cause the energy stream to be emitted from the source in a series of discrete pulses.
  • the duration of the pulses of the energy stream, and the intervals between the pulses, together with the speed with which the particles move with respect to the stream, may be selected (e.g. by trial and error) so as to produce discrete granules of the desired size.
  • the agglomerated powder may be accelerate away from the heating zone (i.e. the zone where the energy stream heats the particles). Any loose bonds (e.g. resulting from surface tension effects) which may have formed between adjacent particles may be caused to break by the acceleration effect before the particles cool and set solid. Thus the movement of the support body may cause some aggregations of the powder particles to become separated from each other as they move away from the heating zone.
  • Such acceleration may, for example, be provided at least in part by gravity, for example, the particles may be allowed to fall under gravity (with or without additional velocity or acceleration provided by the support body) subsequent to being heated by the energy stream.
  • the particles may be accelerated away from the heating zone by means of a stream of high velocity gas.
  • the produced inoculant granules are cooled.
  • they can be allowed to cool in air or another fluid substantially without contacting any solid objects. This may conveniently be achieved by allowing the hot granules to fall a distance through the air after being heated by the energy stream. Additionally or alternatively, the hot granules may be quenched in a liquid, e.g. water.
  • the powder particles comprise ferrosilicon material mixed with one or more metallurgical additive components, for example, metallic, semi- metallic, ceramic, cermet, or other inorganic components.
  • suitable components used with the ferrosilicon material are one or more materials selected from calcium, sulphur, oxygen, magnesium, zirconium, magnesium fluoride, magnesium fluorosilicate, calcium fluoride and iron alloys.
  • the components could be sulphides, carbides, oxides, silicon carbide, calcium/silicon alloy or compounds, iron metal (e.g. as a powder), iron/silicon/barium alloy, rare earth (e.g. cerium) metal alloys or compounds with silicon, pyrites, iron oxides (e.g. Fe 2 0 3 ), barium carbonate, bismuth metal or its compounds, titanium metal, barium sulphate, alumina, silica, and carbon (e.g. graphite).
  • the granules are produced by the use of powder particles, i.e. fines, comprising a ferrosilicon-based inoculant containing 60-80% silicon by weight, together with at least one other component selected from several suitable metallurgical additives.
  • silicon carbide is included in the powder particles to improve the granulometry of the final granules.
  • the inclusion of 1 to 10 wt%, preferably about 3 wt% of silicon carbide in the powder particles can be beneficial.
  • the spherical nature of the granules ensure that they are free flowing at rates as low as 1 g/s, and they are preferably in the size grading 0.2-0.7 mm.
  • Different components are sintered with the ferrosilicon to provide suitable inoculants for use with grey cast iron, ductile iron and for general use respectively.
  • Granules of the invention have one or more components encapsulated in one or more different components, i.e. encapsulation in the manner of particles in a block of ice.
  • the granules could comprise refractory oxide in ferrosilicon (iron suicide or iron/silicon alloy).
  • the encapsulation occurs due to the use of a mixture of at least two or more components having widely differing melting (or softening) temperatures, wherein during the heating stage the lower melting (or softening) component may undergo partial or complete melting (or softening) and the higher melting (or softening) component may remain totally or partially in the solid state.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a process and apparatus for producing inoculant of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a detail of a part of the apparatus of Figure 1 ,
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing comparative inoculation measurements for two prior art inoculants and an inoculant of the invention, with ductile iron
  • Figure 4 is a table showing comparative inoculation results with ductile iron, for the two prior art inoculants of Figure 3 and eight different inoculants of the invention.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic representation of one process and apparatus for producing inoculant according to the invention.
  • the apparatus comprises a supply 1 of fines or powder particles 3, the supply including a hopper 5 containing the powder particles.
  • the apparatus also includes a source for the energy stream which, in the present example, is a plasma arc torch 7 (shown in more detail in Figure 2 of the Drawings).
  • the plasma arc torch 7 emits a plasma jet 9 to heat and melt or partially melt some or all of the powder particles 3.
  • a support body 11 is provided in the form of a rotatable wheel.
  • the granules 15 formed by the agglomeration of the powder particles 3 pass into a receptacle 13.
  • the support body wheel 11 has a circumferential groove (not shown) which caries the powder particles 3 which are supplied to the wheel.
  • a stream 17 of powder particles 3 is supplied to the top of the support body wheel 11 (in the groove), which is rotating at approximately 10 rpm.
  • the stream of powder particles will normally be supplied to the rotating wheel down a feeder tube or chute from the hopper 5.
  • the source 7 emits a high temperature plasma jet 9 which impinges on the particles as they travel with the movement of the wheel 11.
  • the powder particles 3 supplied to the wheel pass through the plasma jet and are heated by it such that they melt, or partially melt. At least some of the molten, partially molten or softened particles fully encapsulate other particles which may themselves be molten, partially molten or solid (i.e. totally un-melted).
  • the overall effect is that at least some agglomeration of the powder particles occurs to form encapsulated granules, normally having an average particle size greater than the original powder particles.
  • the encapsulated granules may already be spherical or generally so.
  • the receptacle 13 preferably contains a sieve 19, or a series of sieves (not shown), and the granules 15 of the required maximum size which pass through the sieve are poured into packaging 21 for distribution.
  • sieve sizes are chosen to separate the granules into desired 'fractions' i.e. proportions of granules having desired particle size distribution.
  • Undersize granules can, if desired, be recycled to the powder particle supply. Oversize granules can be sold as such, or crushed and reprocessed.
  • FIG. 2 of the Drawings shows a plasma arc torch 7 (well known in the art as a 'non-transferred plasma arc' torch) comprising a tungsten cathode 25 surrounded by a copper nozzle 27 which also acts as the anode.
  • An electric arc 8 is formed between the tip 10 of the cathode and the anode close to the orifice 35.
  • the copper nozzle is water-cooled (not shown) to prevent it overheating when the arc is initiated.
  • Inert gas for example argon, is injected into the nozzle so that it travels downwardly through the annular passage 29 between the cathode 25 and the copper nozzle 27 and emerges at the nozzle orifice 35 as plasma jet 9.
  • a suitable DC voltage is applied across the cathode/anode combination from source 31 with current availability sufficient to produce the required temperature and density of the arc.
  • the arc is initiated, and stability thereof is maintained, by the application of a suitable high frequency source of electricity 33.
  • the DC current flowing in the arc may lie, for example, in the range 5 to 200 amperes, and the DC voltage across the anode/cathode combination may lie, for example, in the range 60 to 120 volts.
  • the argon gas becomes highly ionised (to form so-called 'plasma') and emerges from the nozzle orifice 35 in the form of a narrow cylindrical jet of plasma 9 having a temperature of up to 10,000°C or even higher.
  • the small diameter of the nozzle orifice constrains the plasma jet to the form of a narrow stream which is eminently suitable for heating and so causing agglomeration of the powder particles.
  • any other suitable alternative can be employed.
  • Various such alternatives have been referred to earlier herein.
  • a laser beam can provide the energy stream, and reference is made thereto for details of the method and apparatus.
  • INOCULIN 90 is sold under the Registered Trade Mark INOCULIN 90, this being a specially graded (i.e. fine powder) version of INOCULIN 25 which is a ferroalloy containing 67% Si, Ca, Al, Zr and Mn as active constituents.
  • INOCULIN 25 is a general purpose inoculant for use with all types of grey cast, ductile and CG irons, having high solubility even in low temperature metal.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing a comparison of the performances of INOCULIN 90 and SPHERIX with the performance of an inoculant of the invention, referred to as NEOPERL - MIX 10, which is composed of the constituents of INOCULIN 90 together with 3.69% Ca, 2.0% 0 2 and 2.5% S.
  • the Ca, 0 2 and S can be provided by means of any suitable compounds.
  • the comparison is for the use of these inoculants with ductile iron, the inoculation effect being measured by the change ( ⁇ ) in the lower eutectic temperature (TE low) relative to the percentage of inoculant addition.
  • the inoculant was produced by laser beam sintering.
  • the inoculant of the invention provides increased inoculation as compared to the two prior art inoculants.
  • Figure 4 is a table showing comparative results for the inoculation affects of the three inoculants shown in the graph of Figure 3 along with seven other inoculants of the invention, each of which is a mixture of INOCULIN 90 with the additional constituents listed. From the table it can be seen that several of the Mixes and Batches listed produce improved inoculation as compared to the prior art inoculants which are not in accordance with the invention. Improved inoculation is identified by a lower percentage of inoculant being required to raise the (lower) eutectic temperature by the amount indicated. A dash in the table indicates that the effect has maximised, as mentioned above for the graph of Figure 3.
  • MIX 5 INOCULIN 90 + 2.0% 0 2
  • MIX 6 INOCULIN 90 + 2.0% 0 2 + 2.5% S
  • MIX 5 INOCULIN 90 + 2.0% 0 2
  • inoculants of the invention of Figures 3 and 4 have been produced by sintering using a laser beam, the use of an alternative energy stream such as plasma or TIG welding produces inoculants with similar improved inoculant properties.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une substance inoculante se présentant sous une forme granulaire, dont les granules ont une forme sphérique, et sont formées d'une substance de ferrosilicium au moins partiellement fondue englobant, à la solidification, un élément d'addition métallurgique différent. En général, l'élément d'addition comprend du calcium, du carbure de silicium et de l'oxygène, seuls ou combinés.
PCT/GB2002/001519 2001-04-04 2002-03-28 Agent inoculant ameliore Ceased WO2002081758A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0108390.6A GB0108390D0 (en) 2001-04-04 2001-04-04 Agglomeration process
GB0108390.6 2001-04-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002081758A1 true WO2002081758A1 (fr) 2002-10-17

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PCT/GB2002/001519 Ceased WO2002081758A1 (fr) 2001-04-04 2002-03-28 Agent inoculant ameliore

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GB (1) GB0108390D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002081758A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019132668A1 (fr) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-04 Elkem Asa Inoculant de fonte et procédé de production d'un inoculant de fonte
RU2772147C2 (ru) * 2017-12-29 2022-05-18 Элкем Аса Модификатор чугуна и способ получения модификатора чугуна
US11479828B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2022-10-25 Elkem Asa Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
US11486011B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2022-11-01 Elkem Asa Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
US11486012B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2022-11-01 Elkem Asa Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
US11708618B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2023-07-25 Elkem Asa Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
EP4442848A1 (fr) * 2023-04-06 2024-10-09 Foseco International Limited Additif de traitement de métaux et procédé

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1564921A (en) * 1977-01-24 1980-04-16 Materials & Methods Ltd Introduction of magnesium to molten iron
US4291070A (en) * 1979-12-05 1981-09-22 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Coating of particles
SU1468920A1 (ru) * 1987-05-18 1989-03-30 Гомельский политехнический институт Модифицирующа смесь
EP0613956A1 (fr) * 1993-02-17 1994-09-07 Automobiles Peugeot Procédé d'élaboration de fonte grise pour traitement de refusion superficielle
EP1092470A1 (fr) * 1999-10-11 2001-04-18 Foseco International Limited Sintern von Pulver zur Herstellung von Granulate

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1564921A (en) * 1977-01-24 1980-04-16 Materials & Methods Ltd Introduction of magnesium to molten iron
US4291070A (en) * 1979-12-05 1981-09-22 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Coating of particles
SU1468920A1 (ru) * 1987-05-18 1989-03-30 Гомельский политехнический институт Модифицирующа смесь
EP0613956A1 (fr) * 1993-02-17 1994-09-07 Automobiles Peugeot Procédé d'élaboration de fonte grise pour traitement de refusion superficielle
EP1092470A1 (fr) * 1999-10-11 2001-04-18 Foseco International Limited Sintern von Pulver zur Herstellung von Granulate

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199002, Derwent World Patents Index; Class M27, AN 1990-013782, XP002206155 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019132668A1 (fr) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-04 Elkem Asa Inoculant de fonte et procédé de production d'un inoculant de fonte
RU2772147C2 (ru) * 2017-12-29 2022-05-18 Элкем Аса Модификатор чугуна и способ получения модификатора чугуна
US11479828B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2022-10-25 Elkem Asa Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
US11486011B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2022-11-01 Elkem Asa Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
US11486012B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2022-11-01 Elkem Asa Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
US11708618B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2023-07-25 Elkem Asa Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
US11932913B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2024-03-19 Elkem Asa Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
EP4442848A1 (fr) * 2023-04-06 2024-10-09 Foseco International Limited Additif de traitement de métaux et procédé
WO2024209040A1 (fr) * 2023-04-06 2024-10-10 Foseco International Limited Additif de traitement de métaux

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