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WO2001029844A1 - Procede et dispositif permettant de generer de l'energie thermique - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif permettant de generer de l'energie thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001029844A1
WO2001029844A1 PCT/EP2000/009727 EP0009727W WO0129844A1 WO 2001029844 A1 WO2001029844 A1 WO 2001029844A1 EP 0009727 W EP0009727 W EP 0009727W WO 0129844 A1 WO0129844 A1 WO 0129844A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
thermal energy
reaction
current pulses
predetermined sequence
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2000/009727
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English (en)
Inventor
Ubaldo Mastromatteo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STMicroelectronics SRL
Original Assignee
STMicroelectronics SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STMicroelectronics SRL filed Critical STMicroelectronics SRL
Priority to EP00966114A priority Critical patent/EP1222665A1/fr
Publication of WO2001029844A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001029844A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21B—FUSION REACTORS
    • G21B3/00—Low temperature nuclear fusion reactors, e.g. alleged cold fusion reactors
    • G21B3/002—Fusion by absorption in a matrix
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and a device for generating thermal energy by a physical phenomenon ascribable to cold nuclear fusion ⁇ reactions.
  • the invention relates to a method of generating thermal energy from a cold nuclear fusion reaction by having at least a first hydrogen-absorbing material placed either under a high hydrogen content atmosphere or in contact with a hydrogen-releasing material, 0 which method comprises an initial step of heating to a predetermined reaction-initiating temperature.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus implementing the method.
  • Patent Application No. WO/ 9010935 was filed by these two research scientists.
  • deuterium has been obtained from either a gaseous fuel, e.g. hydrogen gas mixtures, or a liquid fuel, e.g. solutions of electrolytic hydrogen compounds in heavy water.
  • a disadvantage connected with the use of such "fuels” is a scattering of the fusion material, namely of the hydrogen. The latter is promptly released and allowed to escape as a gas from the whereabouts of the electrode right when its concentration in the electrode attains a useful value for fusion initiation.
  • the electrode temperature rises liquids start boiling, while the atom concentration of gases decreases, which hinders fusion.
  • Intensive research work has been devoted during the last decade to overcoming the difficulties posed by the need to exceed the conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium of the hydrogen absorbed in the metal. This work has resulted in the development of various apparatus for making a metal matrix absorb hydrogen efficiently.
  • the above experimental apparatus are all directed to create initiating conditions in the metal material for the spontaneous production of excess energy.
  • the underlying technical problem of this invention is to provide a method and an apparatus with such functional and structural features that controlled generation of excess thermal energy is actually achieved based on a controlled type of cold nuclear fusion phenomenon.
  • the concept behind this invention is one of confining the hydrogen to the interior of a metal matrix selected from the transition metal group, using a loading process which may be of different kind, such as electrolysis, gas pressure, temperature, etc..
  • a loading process which may be of different kind, such as electrolysis, gas pressure, temperature, etc..
  • the metal is nickel
  • a suitable temperature increase of this starting metal structure enables to achieve an initiation state for the generation of excess thermal energy over the input energy expended to bring the structure to said state.
  • energy can be amplified to a greater or lesser extent for a given average power by acting on the strength and the frequency vs. time of the current pulses.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an energy-amplifying apparatus or reactor implementing the method of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a control module incorporated in the apparatus of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a particular of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • an apparatus according to the invention for producing excess thermal energy, is generally shown at 1 in schematic form.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises basically a reactor 5 wherein a cold nuclear fusion reaction takes place in accordance with the inventive method.
  • the reactor 5 comprises a backing 2 having good electrical insulation and thermal conduction characteristics.
  • the backing 2 may be a substrate of silicon carbide or synthetic diamond.
  • other materials e.g. a semiconductor substrate, could be used instead.
  • the reactor further comprises a metal layer 3 bonded to the backing 2.
  • the layer 3 may be a thin layer, film, or rod of a metal material capable of absorbing an adequately large amount of hydrogen.
  • Metal materials of this kind are to be found in the transition metal group and may be nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), or tungsten (W), for example. In some cases, a semiconductor material can be used.
  • the reactor 5 comprises a reaction chamber 4 fully enveloping the metal layer 3.
  • a cap 6 is secured onto the backing 2 and jointly delimits the reaction chamber 4.
  • the chamber 4 is to contain a reactive material such as hydrogen (H 2 ), deuterium (D2), or a compound appropriate to release these gases under the process conditions considered by the method of this invention.
  • a reactive material such as hydrogen (H 2 ), deuterium (D2), or a compound appropriate to release these gases under the process conditions considered by the method of this invention.
  • the metal material of the layer 3 inside the chamber 4 is placed under an atmosphere exhibiting a high hydrogen content, or alternatively, is contacted with a hydrogen-releasing material, such as silicon nitride deposited by a PECVD process.
  • control module 8 may be an electronic microcontroller of the integrated type, arranged to control the reaction parameters as explained hereinafter.
  • a temperature sensor 9 is mounted inside the reaction chamber 4 and connected to the control module 8 for monitoring the reaction temperature.
  • the apparatus 1 further includes a thermoelectric converter 1 1 , which is associated with the backing 2 to pick up excess thermal energy generated from the cold fusion reaction.
  • the converter 1 1 is placed in a cooling fluid path 12 along which a means 13 of circulating the coolant, at least one radiator 14, and temperature sensors 7 connected to the control module 8, are also provided.
  • the converter 1 1 is further connected electrically to electric power storage 10, e.g. a floating battery, to allow the electric energy produced to be picked up.
  • electric power storage 10 e.g. a floating battery
  • the storage battery 10 has output terminals 15 connected to the control module 8 to supply power as required for initiating and controlling the cold fusion reaction.
  • a loop-back electric connection 16 between the electric energy tap downstream of the converter 1 1 and the power supply to the terminals of the metal layer 3, is also provided and placed under control by the control module 8.
  • the method of this invention provides for the use of a first amount in solid form of a first material capable of absorbing hydrogen, e.g. the conductor or semiconductor layer 3, in order to generate excess thermal
  • this first material can be selected from palladium, titanium, platinum nickel and alloys thereof, or from any other conductor or semiconductor materials exhibiting this absorptive property for hydrogen.
  • the method of this invention also provides for the use of a second amount of a second material capable of releasing hydrogen in gas or ion form.
  • the hydrogen is caused to at least partially contact said first amount within the reaction chamber 4.
  • the first amount is heated initially at least above a predetermined temperature. This initial heating could be provided by the medium under which both amounts are placed in the reaction chamber 4.
  • the reactor can be brought to temperature, pressure, electric polarization, and other conditions as appropriate to concentrate hydrogen or hydrogen compounds (D, T) within the layer 3.
  • initial heating is effective to promote the absorption of hydrogen into the first amount, which process can be enhanced by a suitable layout of the materials and the source of heat.
  • This sharp rise in temperature is afforded by a predetermined amount of electric energy being supplied to the reactor from outside.
  • the material in which the reaction takes place (layer 3) is applied a train of high-density current pulses whereby the conditions for initiating an exothermic balance chain of nuclear reactions are attained.
  • the energy amplification can be adjusted as desired.
  • Applicant's tests point at a high production of thermal energy occurring in the layer 3 of conductor or semiconductor material from nuclear reactions, even with a small amount of material.
  • the metal layer 3 is laid in a twisting pattern, as shown schematically in Figure 3, to combine the effects of both the high current density and the magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field can expand the collision section of the interaction of particles having magnetic momentum.
  • reaction chamber 4 may be equipped with a magnetic circuit 20 oriented as shown in Figure 3, for example, which further enhances the reaction rate.
  • power generators can be produced with the apparatus of this invention which are compact, non-radioactive, and environmentally favorable.
  • the metal or semiconductor material of the layer 3 is electrically connected, in this invention, to the control module 8 in order to be fed a current effective to bring the material to an operating condition, and through control of the energy output, it is adapted to receive feedback initiating pulses so as to maintain optimum running conditions by acting on the energy input.
  • the control module 8 acts by feedback on the strength and the frequency of the current pulses being supplied to the reactor 5 so as to keep the reaction temperature constant.
  • the number of reactions is dependent non-linearly on the current density, since initiating the production of energy causes the system to increase the number of useful events.
  • the energy amplification tends to increase by an estimated factor of 10.
  • the control module 8 enables the number of useful events to be reduced and/ or adjusted to achieve the balanced condition for a near-constant power output.
  • the thermal energy generated were not extracted from the converter 1 1 and the coolant path 12, the temperature of the reactor 5 would keep rising and result in destruction of the apparatus by melting.
  • the thermal energy generated can be regulated by controlling the strength or the frequency of the current pulses applied to the electrodes of the metal reaction layer 3.
  • the rate of thermal energy generation can be reduced, and the process stopped altogether by removing any residual thermal energy through the cooling system.
  • the ultimate objective of the invention is the production of energy in a controlled fashion.
  • the concentration of hydrogen in the conductor material expressed as atoms per cubic centimeter, be adequate to initiate a significant number of fusion phenomena per unit volume.
  • the thermal energy generating apparatus described hereinabove can be used to advantage in a cold nuclear fusion reactor to provide a complete plant capable of generating energy for human use.
  • An advantage of using an apparatus according to the invention in a reactor is that the process temperature can be brought to fairly high levels (above 800 degrees Celsius), if desired, so that the output of a possible thermodynamic cycle of conversion of heat to work can also be fairly high.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant de générer de l'énergie thermique à partir d'une fusion nucléaire à froid, en plaçant au moins un premier matériau (3) absorbant l'hydrogène soit sous une atmosphère à haute concentration d'hydrogène, soit en contact avec un matériau libérant de l'hydrogène. Ce procédé comprend une première étape consistant en un chauffage à une température prédéterminée afin d'amorcer la réaction, et une seconde étape ou une étape parallèle, consistant à appliquer une suite prédéterminée d'impulsions de courant sur le premier matériau. En réglant la puissance ou la fréquence de ces impulsions on peut réguler l'énergie thermique excédentaire produite par la réaction.
PCT/EP2000/009727 1999-10-21 2000-10-05 Procede et dispositif permettant de generer de l'energie thermique Ceased WO2001029844A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00966114A EP1222665A1 (fr) 1999-10-21 2000-10-05 Procede et dispositif permettant de generer de l'energie thermique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1999MI002217A IT1314062B1 (it) 1999-10-21 1999-10-21 Metodo e relativa apparecchiatura per generare energia termica
ITMI99A002217 1999-10-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001029844A1 true WO2001029844A1 (fr) 2001-04-26

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PCT/EP2000/009727 Ceased WO2001029844A1 (fr) 1999-10-21 2000-10-05 Procede et dispositif permettant de generer de l'energie thermique

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1222665A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1314062B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001029844A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003019576A1 (fr) * 2001-08-23 2003-03-06 Vatajitsyn, Andrei Ivanovitch Dispositif de production d'energie
GR20100100716A (el) * 2010-12-13 2012-07-13 Χρηστος Δημητριου Παπαγεωργιου Μεθοδος συγκρουσης ιοντων με ηλεκτρικους παλμους υψηλης ισχυος με μεταλλικα πλεγματα
ITMI20120276A1 (it) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-25 St Microelectronics Srl Reattore per la generazione di energia mediante reazioni lenr (low energy nuclear reactions) tra idrogeno e metalli di transizione e relativo metodo di generazione dell¿energia
DE102013110249A1 (de) * 2013-09-17 2015-03-19 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Energieerzeugung
WO2016026720A1 (fr) * 2014-08-20 2016-02-25 Ad Maiora Llc Procédé de transmutation exothermique
NL2018127B1 (nl) * 2017-01-04 2018-07-25 Ebel Van Der Schoot Jelle Werkwijze en een inrichting voor kernfusie
CN110831895A (zh) * 2017-03-29 2020-02-21 艾合知识产权控股有限公司 在高氢加载速率条件下触发放热反应
FR3142826A1 (fr) 2022-12-02 2024-06-07 Marc Grosman Dispositif de transmutation d’isotopes radioactifs par faisceaux lasers.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990013128A1 (fr) * 1989-04-25 1990-11-01 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Augmentation de la vitesse de la fusion nucleaire dans un solide
WO1995015563A1 (fr) * 1993-12-03 1995-06-08 Eneco, Inc. Procede et appareil pour produire des neutrons a partir de solides conducteurs de protons
WO1995020816A1 (fr) * 1994-01-27 1995-08-03 Universita' Degli Studi Di Siena Production d'energie et generateur associe exploitant la fusion stimulee non harmonique
WO1997020320A1 (fr) * 1995-11-30 1997-06-05 Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L. Dispositif integre de façon monolithe
WO1997020318A1 (fr) * 1995-11-30 1997-06-05 Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L. Procede de production d'energie thermique et appareil correspondant

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990013128A1 (fr) * 1989-04-25 1990-11-01 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Augmentation de la vitesse de la fusion nucleaire dans un solide
WO1995015563A1 (fr) * 1993-12-03 1995-06-08 Eneco, Inc. Procede et appareil pour produire des neutrons a partir de solides conducteurs de protons
WO1995020816A1 (fr) * 1994-01-27 1995-08-03 Universita' Degli Studi Di Siena Production d'energie et generateur associe exploitant la fusion stimulee non harmonique
WO1997020320A1 (fr) * 1995-11-30 1997-06-05 Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L. Dispositif integre de façon monolithe
WO1997020318A1 (fr) * 1995-11-30 1997-06-05 Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L. Procede de production d'energie thermique et appareil correspondant

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003019576A1 (fr) * 2001-08-23 2003-03-06 Vatajitsyn, Andrei Ivanovitch Dispositif de production d'energie
GR20100100716A (el) * 2010-12-13 2012-07-13 Χρηστος Δημητριου Παπαγεωργιου Μεθοδος συγκρουσης ιοντων με ηλεκτρικους παλμους υψηλης ισχυος με μεταλλικα πλεγματα
ITMI20120276A1 (it) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-25 St Microelectronics Srl Reattore per la generazione di energia mediante reazioni lenr (low energy nuclear reactions) tra idrogeno e metalli di transizione e relativo metodo di generazione dell¿energia
JP2016534366A (ja) * 2013-09-17 2016-11-04 エアバス ディフェンス アンド スペース ゲーエムベーハーＡｉｒｂｕｓ Ｄｅｆｅｎｃｅ ａｎｄ Ｓｐａｃｅ ＧｍｂＨ エネルギー生成装置、エネルギー生成方法及びその制御アセンブリ及び反応容器
WO2015040077A1 (fr) 2013-09-17 2015-03-26 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Dispositif générateur d'énergie et procédé de génération d'énergie et ensemble de commande et récipient réactionnel associé
DE102013110249A1 (de) * 2013-09-17 2015-03-19 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Energieerzeugung
WO2016026720A1 (fr) * 2014-08-20 2016-02-25 Ad Maiora Llc Procédé de transmutation exothermique
EP4583121A2 (fr) 2014-08-20 2025-07-09 Ad Maiora LLC Procédé de transmutation exothermique
EP4583121A3 (fr) * 2014-08-20 2025-10-08 Ad Maiora LLC Procédé de transmutation exothermique
NL2018127B1 (nl) * 2017-01-04 2018-07-25 Ebel Van Der Schoot Jelle Werkwijze en een inrichting voor kernfusie
CN110831895A (zh) * 2017-03-29 2020-02-21 艾合知识产权控股有限公司 在高氢加载速率条件下触发放热反应
EP3601156A4 (fr) * 2017-03-29 2020-12-09 IH IP Holdings Limited Déclenchement de réactions exothermiques sous des niveaux de charge d'hydrogène élevés
FR3142826A1 (fr) 2022-12-02 2024-06-07 Marc Grosman Dispositif de transmutation d’isotopes radioactifs par faisceaux lasers.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1222665A1 (fr) 2002-07-17
IT1314062B1 (it) 2002-12-03
ITMI992217A0 (it) 1999-10-21
ITMI992217A1 (it) 2001-04-21

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