WO2001096495A1 - Coke drum with overhead deflector plate and method using this - Google Patents
Coke drum with overhead deflector plate and method using this Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001096495A1 WO2001096495A1 PCT/US2001/040875 US0140875W WO0196495A1 WO 2001096495 A1 WO2001096495 A1 WO 2001096495A1 US 0140875 W US0140875 W US 0140875W WO 0196495 A1 WO0196495 A1 WO 0196495A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coke drum
- aperture
- deflector
- solids
- drum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
- B01D45/08—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
- C10B1/04—Vertical retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B27/00—Arrangements for withdrawal of the distillation gases
- C10B27/06—Conduit details, e.g. valves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B55/00—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to delayed coking. More particularly, the present
- invention relates to a deflector placed inside the top of a coke drum and below the overhead
- feedstock is introduced to
- Overhead vapors from the drum being filled return to a
- the coke drum or drums may be operating under higher than atmospheric
- the present invention provides a deflector in the top coke drum
- the deflector is placed below and spaced from the overhead vapor nozzle outlet
- An even further object of the present invention is to provide a deflector improvement
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved
- delayed coking unit which is more efficient and of a durable and reliable construction.
- delayed coking unit which maximizes input into a coke drum without blowing coke, liquid
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a delayed coking process to which the present invention may be applied.
- Figure 2 is a side elevation, partly in cross section, showing details of a coke drum and deflector constructed in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a perspective view, partly in cross section, showing details of a coke drum and a conical deflector in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a simplified, typical coker unit where coker feed from line 10 passes
- Coke drums 14 and 16 are alternately filled and emptied. When a drum
- a recycle liquid such as coker gas oil or coker feedstock is feed into
- fractionator 20 via line 22.
- a wet gas overhead stream is removed from fractionator 20 via line 22.
- Overhead vapor outlet nozzle 38 is preferably
- outlet nozzle may range from between approximately 24 to 30 inches (61 to 76 cm).
- FIG. 1 is partially cut away for clarity.
- the invention includes the addition of
- deflector 40 placed generally below and spaced from aperture 36 in the coke drum 14 and
- Deflector 40 is generally removably attached by an attachment mechanism 42 to overhead vapor outlet nozzle 38.
- deflector 40 is preferably suspended 1 (one) to 10 (ten) feet below overhead
- attachment means are brackets, bolts, wires, hooks,
- deflector 40 is preferably a circular plate made from metal or
- the diameter of the plate will be slightly less than the diameter of the aperture.
- deflector 40 is a generally conically shaped
- deflector 44 as shown in Figure 3 where apex tip 46 of the cone points toward overhead
- the center point of the aperture is generally aligned with the apex
- the deflector might take the form of a pair of
- escaping vapors are forced to take a circuitous route.
- feed heated in the furnace is delivered to the drum and thermally decomposes.
- Vapors in the drum will rise toward the aperture. Liquid droplets and solid particles will rise toward the aperture. Liquid droplets and solid particles will rise toward the aperture. Liquid droplets and solid particles will rise toward the aperture. Liquid droplets and solid particles will rise toward the aperture. Liquid droplets and solid particles will rise toward the aperture. Liquid droplets and solid particles will rise toward the aperture. Liquid droplets and solid particles will rise toward the aperture. Liquid droplets and solid particles will rise toward the aperture.
- the deflector may be suspended from the overhead vapor outlet
- the present invention provides a coke drum for a delayed coking unit
- said coke drum comprises:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
An improved delayed coking unit with at least one coke drum (14) wherein said coke drum comprises a substantially closed interior, a top portion (34) having an aperture (36), an overhead vapor outlet nozzle (38) removably connected to the aperture, and a deflector (40) for deflecting solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids from exiting said interior of said coke drum through said aperture.
Description
COKE DRUM OUTLET OVERHEAD DEFLECTOR PLATE APPARATUS AND METHOD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention.
The present invention relates to delayed coking. More particularly, the present
invention relates to a deflector placed inside the top of a coke drum and below the overhead
vapor outlet nozzle to reduce the amount of solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids from
escaping through the outlet nozzle of the coke drum and returning back to the fractionator.
2. Description of the Prior Art.
During operation of delayed coking drums for the coking of various heavy
hydrocarbon materials in petroleum refining operations, heavy hydrocarbons are thermally
decomposed to produce gases, liquid and solid coke. In general, feedstock is introduced to
a fractionator, and the fractionator bottoms are removed and heated in a furnace which
causes further thermal decomposition. The resulting solid coke is deposited progressively
on the inner walls of a coke drum. In a typical delayed coker unit, a pair of coke drums are
alternately filled and emptied with coker feed being pumped into one of the drums while the
other drum is being emptied of coke and prepared for the next filling cycle.
The vapors associated with this process are vented at the top of the coke drum by an
overhead vapor outlet nozzle. Overhead vapors from the drum being filled return to a
fractionator where they are separated into product streams with the unwanted solids and
liquids remaining in the bottom of the fractionator. Ideally, only vapors are taken out of the
overhead vapor outlet nozzle because the delayed coking process becomes less efficient as
more unwanted solids and liquids pass from the coke drums into the fractionator. In the
past, either the fractionator was shut down periodically and these unwanted solids and liquid
materials removed or a continuous removal process at the fractionator was provided.
While filling coke drums, it has been observed that as feed is maximized through the
coke drum and the height of coke in the coke drum is increased, it is common and
undesirable to blow solid coke, liquid and foam out the top of the coke dram through the
overhead vapor outlet nozzle. It has also been observed that as vapor leaves the coke drum
at higher velocities, it becomes more entrained with solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids
which escape out the overhead vapor outlet nozzle and return to the fractionator.
Moreover, depending on the configuration of the delayed coking system and other
parameters, the coke drum or drums may be operating under higher than atmospheric
pressure, encouraging liquids and solids to be blown out of the vapor nozzle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in known delayed coking units now
present in the prior art, the present invention provides new and improved construction
wherein the same can be utilized reliably. As such, the general purpose of the present
invention, which will be described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new and
improved delayed coking drum which has all the advantages of the prior art and none of the
disadvantages.
To attain this, the present invention provides a deflector in the top coke drum
interior. The deflector is placed below and spaced from the overhead vapor nozzle outlet
so that solids and liquids traveling toward the nozzle are deflected back into the drum while
vapors are allowed to pass out of the coke drum.
Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be
understood that the invention is not limited in this application to the details of construction
and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or
illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being
practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology
and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be
regarded as limiting. As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception,
upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of
other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present
invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved
delayed coking unit which provides some of the advantages of the prior art, while
simultaneously overcoming some of the disadvantages normally associate therewith.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new and improved delayed
coking unit which decreases the amount of solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquid drops
escaping the coke drum and returning to the fractionator.
An even further object of the present invention is to provide a deflector improvement
which is retrofittable to existing delayed coking units.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved
delayed coking unit which is more efficient and of a durable and reliable construction.
It is also a further object of the present invention to provide a new and improved
delayed coking unit which maximizes input into a coke drum without blowing coke, liquid,
and foam out the top of the coke drum.
These together with other objects of the invention, along with the various features
of novelty which characterize the invention, are pointed out with particularity in the claims
annexed to and forming a part of the disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention,
its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be had
to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated preferred
embodiments of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a delayed coking process to which the present invention may be applied.
Figure 2 is a side elevation, partly in cross section, showing details of a coke drum and deflector constructed in accordance with the present invention. Figure 3 is a perspective view, partly in cross section, showing details of a coke drum and a conical deflector in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Figure 1 shows a simplified, typical coker unit where coker feed from line 10 passes
to furnace 12 where it is heated. The arrangement in Figure 1 utilizes a pair of coke drums
although it will be appreciated that the present invention may be applied to a single drum
or multiple drums. Coke drums 14 and 16 are alternately filled and emptied. When a drum
has been filled with solid coke, access is provided to at least the bottom (and often the top)
to remove the coke.
Overhead vapors from the coke drum being filled are returned via line 18 to coker
fractionator 20. A recycle liquid such as coker gas oil or coker feedstock is feed into
fractionator 20 via line 22. A wet gas overhead stream is removed from fractionator 20 via
line 24, and intermediate liquid fractions are removed via lines 26 and 28. Unwanted solids
and heavy hydrocarbon liquids 30 are removed from the bottom of fractionator 20 via line
32 and directed to the furnace. Various other modifications of the coking process may be
made within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to the drawings in detail and to Figure 2 in particular, coke drum 14
includes a substantially cylindrical center portion and a top portion 34 with aperture 36 for
access to interior of the coke drum 14. Overhead vapor outlet nozzle 38 is preferably
removably attached to aperture 36 and leads to fractionator 20 via out line 18 (not seen in
Figure 2). While dimensions may vary, in one preferred embodiment the diameter of the
outlet nozzle may range from between approximately 24 to 30 inches (61 to 76 cm).
Figure 2 is partially cut away for clarity. The invention includes the addition of
deflector 40 placed generally below and spaced from aperture 36 in the coke drum 14 and
suspended from overhead vapor outlet nozzle 38. Deflector 40 is generally removably
attached by an attachment mechanism 42 to overhead vapor outlet nozzle 38. In one
embodiment, deflector 40 is preferably suspended 1 (one) to 10 (ten) feet below overhead
outlet vapor nozzle 38. Examples of attachment means are brackets, bolts, wires, hooks,
screws, or the like. Accordingly, after the vapor outlet nozzle hardware is disassembled, the
deflector could be pulled out.
In one embodiment, deflector 40 is preferably a circular plate made from metal or
other suitable material with a sufficient diameter to generally cover aperture 36 but also fit
through aperture 36 when overhead vapor outlet nozzle 38 is removed from coke drum 14.
Accordingly, the diameter of the plate will be slightly less than the diameter of the aperture.
Another preferred embodiment of deflector 40 is a generally conically shaped
deflector 44 as shown in Figure 3 where apex tip 46 of the cone points toward overhead
vapor outlet nozzle 36. The center point of the aperture is generally aligned with the apex
tip.
In a further embodiment (not shown), the deflector might take the form of a pair of
inclined panels joined together.
In each embodiment, escaping vapors are forced to take a circuitous route. During
operation, feed heated in the furnace is delivered to the drum and thermally decomposes.
Vapors in the drum will rise toward the aperture. Liquid droplets and solid particles will
impinge on the deflector and drop back into the drum. Meanwhile, vapors will pass around
the deflector and exit through the outlet.
It will be appreciated that the present invention may be easily retrofitted to existing
coke drums. In most cases, the deflector may be suspended from the overhead vapor outlet
nozzle by fasteners such as bolts.
Since it has been observed that at higher velocities of the vapor leaving the drum,
there is more entrained solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids that escape, the present
invention will produce a higher quality product or permit running at higher velocity.
Whereas, the present invention has been described in relation to the drawings
attached hereto, it should be understood that other and further modifications, apart from
those shown or suggested herein, may be made within the spirit and scope of this invention.
Thus, it will be appreciated that as a result of the present invention, a new and improved
delayed coking unit is provided. Changes may be made in the combinations, operations, and
arrangements of the various parts and elements described herein without departing from the
spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
/ Accordingly, the present invention provides a coke drum for a delayed coking unit
wherein said coke drum comprises:
a substantially closed interior;
a top portion of said drum having an aperture therethrough;
an overhead vapor outlet nozzle connected to said aperture; and
a deflector for deflecting solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquid from exiting
said interior of said coke drum through said aperture.
Claims
WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
A coke drum for a delayed coking unit, wherein said coke drum comprises :
a substantially closed interior;
a top portion of said drum having an aperture therethrough;
an overhead vapor outlet nozzle comiected to said aperture; and
a deflector for deflecting solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquid from exiting
said interior of said coke drum through said aperture.
2. A coke drum as recited in Claim 1 wherein said deflector is removably
connected beneath said aperture.
3. A coke drum as recited in Claim 2 wherein said deflector is removably
connected to said overhead vapor outlet nozzle.
4. A coke drum as recited in Claim 3 wherein said deflector is sized to fit
through said aperture.
5. A coke drum as recited in Claim 1 wherein said deflector is a planar metal
plate.
6. A coke drum as recited in Claim 1 wherein said deflector forms a cone having
an apex centered with and pointing toward said aperture in said coke drum.
7. The coke drum as recited in Claim 1 wherein said deflector is located at least
one foot (30.5 cm) from said aperture within said coke drum.
8. The coke drum as recited in Claim 1 wherein said deflector is located no
farther away than ten feet (3.05 m) from said aperture within said coke drum.
9. A method of reducing escape of solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids from
a coke drum having a top portion with an aperture, an overhead vapor outlet nozzle
connected to said aperture, and means for deflecting solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids
from exiting said interior of said coke drum through said aperture, said method comprising
the steps of: introducing hydrocarbon feed into said coke drum;
venting said coke drum through said aperture; and
reducing said amounts of solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids from exiting
said coke drum by deflecting said solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids from said aperture.
10. A method as recited in Claim 9 wherein said means for deflecting is
removably placed beneath said aperture.
11. The method as recited in Claim 10 wherein said means for deflecting is
removably connected to said overhead vapor outlet nozzle.
12. The method as set forth in Claim 9 wherein said means for deflecting
includes a flat planar plate.
13. The method as set forth in Claim 9 wherein said means for deflecting
includes a cone with an apex pointing to said aperture.
14. A method of reducing escape of solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids from
a coke drum having a top portion with an aperture, and an overhead vapor outlet nozzle
connected to said aperture, which method comprises:
introducing hydrocarbon feed into said coke drum;
venting said coke drum through said aperture;
impinging said solids and liquid hydrocarbons on a deflector plate in said
drum to discourage escape of said solids and hydrocarbon liquids from said coke drum.
15. The method of reducing escape of solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids as
set forth in Claim 14 wherein said deflector plate is a flat planar metal plate.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR0106726-5A BR0106726A (en) | 2000-06-13 | 2001-06-07 | Coke drum for delayed coking unit and process to reduce leakage of solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids from a coke drum |
| AU2001265427A AU2001265427A1 (en) | 2000-06-13 | 2001-06-07 | Coke drum outlet overhead deflector plate apparatus and method |
| JP2002510618A JP2004503658A (en) | 2000-06-13 | 2001-06-07 | Cork drum outlet ceiling deflector apparatus and method |
| MXPA02001551A MXPA02001551A (en) | 2000-06-13 | 2001-06-07 | Coke drum with overhead deflector plate and method using this. |
| CA002382283A CA2382283A1 (en) | 2000-06-13 | 2001-06-07 | Coke drum outlet overhead deflector plate apparatus and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US21143800P | 2000-06-13 | 2000-06-13 | |
| US60/211,438 | 2000-06-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001096495A1 true WO2001096495A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
| WO2001096495A8 WO2001096495A8 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
Family
ID=22786925
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2001/040875 Ceased WO2001096495A1 (en) | 2000-06-13 | 2001-06-07 | Coke drum with overhead deflector plate and method using this |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20020117389A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004503658A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1383447A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001265427A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0106726A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2382283A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02001551A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY133973A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001096495A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200201088B (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2364492A (en) * | 1941-05-31 | 1944-12-05 | Max B Miller & Co Inc | Method of coking and cracking petroleum residues or the like |
| DD154612A1 (en) * | 1980-11-21 | 1982-04-07 | Manfred Gross | METHOD FOR CERTAINING HYDROCARBONS AFTER BLOWING TECHNOLOGY |
| WO1998001512A1 (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 1998-01-15 | Citgo Petroleum Corporation | A method of designing and manufacturing a delayed coker drum |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3816084A (en) * | 1970-04-16 | 1974-06-11 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Cokeless coker with recycle of coke from gasifier to heater |
| US4549934A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1985-10-29 | Conoco, Inc. | Flash zone draw tray for coker fractionator |
| US4621724A (en) * | 1984-09-13 | 1986-11-11 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Fractionator having reduced product vapor condensation in the flash zone |
| US4801402A (en) * | 1985-11-12 | 1989-01-31 | Texaco Inc. | Partial oxidation process |
| US4816136A (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1989-03-28 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Low severity fluid coking |
| US5645711A (en) * | 1996-01-05 | 1997-07-08 | Conoco Inc. | Process for upgrading the flash zone gas oil stream from a delayed coker |
-
2001
- 2001-06-04 US US09/873,561 patent/US20020117389A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-07 JP JP2002510618A patent/JP2004503658A/en active Pending
- 2001-06-07 BR BR0106726-5A patent/BR0106726A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-07 AU AU2001265427A patent/AU2001265427A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-07 MX MXPA02001551A patent/MXPA02001551A/en unknown
- 2001-06-07 WO PCT/US2001/040875 patent/WO2001096495A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-06-07 CN CN01801729A patent/CN1383447A/en active Pending
- 2001-06-07 CA CA002382283A patent/CA2382283A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-12 MY MYPI20012745 patent/MY133973A/en unknown
-
2002
- 2002-02-07 ZA ZA200201088A patent/ZA200201088B/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2364492A (en) * | 1941-05-31 | 1944-12-05 | Max B Miller & Co Inc | Method of coking and cracking petroleum residues or the like |
| DD154612A1 (en) * | 1980-11-21 | 1982-04-07 | Manfred Gross | METHOD FOR CERTAINING HYDROCARBONS AFTER BLOWING TECHNOLOGY |
| WO1998001512A1 (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 1998-01-15 | Citgo Petroleum Corporation | A method of designing and manufacturing a delayed coker drum |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2004503658A (en) | 2004-02-05 |
| AU2001265427A1 (en) | 2001-12-24 |
| ZA200201088B (en) | 2003-07-25 |
| CA2382283A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
| WO2001096495A8 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
| CN1383447A (en) | 2002-12-04 |
| MY133973A (en) | 2007-11-30 |
| MXPA02001551A (en) | 2003-07-21 |
| US20020117389A1 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
| BR0106726A (en) | 2002-04-30 |
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