WO2001085319A9 - Procede de preparation d'une emulsion double monodisperse - Google Patents
Procede de preparation d'une emulsion double monodisperseInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001085319A9 WO2001085319A9 PCT/FR2001/001397 FR0101397W WO0185319A9 WO 2001085319 A9 WO2001085319 A9 WO 2001085319A9 FR 0101397 W FR0101397 W FR 0101397W WO 0185319 A9 WO0185319 A9 WO 0185319A9
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- aqueous phase
- phase
- surfactant
- concentration
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F29/00—Mixers with rotating receptacles
- B01F29/80—Mixers with rotating receptacles rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F29/81—Mixers with rotating receptacles rotating about a substantially vertical axis with stationary mixing elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/41—Emulsifying
- B01F23/4105—Methods of emulsifying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/41—Emulsifying
- B01F23/411—Emulsifying using electrical or magnetic fields, heat or vibrations
- B01F23/4111—Emulsifying using electrical or magnetic fields, heat or vibrations using vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/43—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using driven stirrers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for preparing monodisperse double emulsions, of water-in-oil-in-water type, by using a high-pressure homogenizer.
- the interest of double emulsions is widely recognized in fields as diverse as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, phytosanitary, food and / or paint type coatings.
- the double emulsions of water-in-oil-in-water type make it possible in particular to encapsulate various active substances at the level of the internal aqueous phase. Under specific conditions, it is indeed possible to cause the release of the active substances, encapsulated while controlling their release kinetics.
- monodisperse double emulsions are particularly sought after because of their homogeneity: they notably allow a regular and controllable release of the active ingredients.
- the invention aims to solve this problem by providing an original process for preparing a monodisperse dual emulsion by using a high pressure homogenizer.
- the double emulsion of water-in-oil-in-water type consists of droplets (or globules) of a monodisperse inverse emulsion dispersed in an aqueous continuous phase (or external aqueous phase).
- the inverse emulsion being itself constituted by droplets of an internal aqueous phase dispersed in an oily phase.
- the term monodisperse characterizes emulsions for which the particle size distribution of the dispersed phase droplets is very narrow.
- the distribution is very narrow when the polydispersity is less than or equal to 30%, and preferably of the order of 5 to 25%, for example between 10 and 20%.
- the polydispersity is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation of the curve representing the variation of the volume occupied by the dispersed material as a function of the diameter of the droplets to the mean diameter of the droplets.
- inverse emulsion is meant, in general, the dispersion of an aqueous phase in an oily phase.
- direct emulsion refers, for its part, to the dispersion of an oily phase in an aqueous phase.
- the expression “monodisperse inverse emulsion” designates a water-in-oil emulsion consisting of droplets of an aqueous phase dispersed in an oily phase, for which the particle size distribution of the aqueous phase droplets is very narrow (polydispersity less than 30 %).
- the method of the invention leads to a double monodisperse emulsion, that is to say a double emulsion in which the particle size distribution of the globules is also very narrow (polydispersity less than 30%).
- the invention relates to a process for preparing a water-in-oil-in-water double monodisperse emulsion comprising the steps of: a) subjecting a water-in-oil Ei emulsion, polydisperse, comprising from 50 to 99% by weight of an aqueous phase, at a controlled shear such that a same maximum shear is applied to the entire emulsion, so as to obtain the corresponding monodisperse inverse emulsion; b) adding to said emulsion, without phase inversion, the necessary amount of an oily dilution phase so that the aqueous phase of the resulting emulsion is less than 50% by weight of the total weight of the emulsion; and c) introducing the resulting emulsion into a high pressure homogenizer, together with a continuous aqueous phase, the respective amounts of said emulsion and said continuous aqueous phase being such that the resulting monodisperse double emulsion comprises up to 50% by:
- This process leads to a double monodisperse emulsion consisting of globules of an oil-in-water emulsion dispersed in an external aqueous phase, the globules representing at most 50% of the total weight of the double emulsion.
- the globules consist of droplets of an aqueous phase dispersed in an oily phase, the total aqueous phase contained in the globules representing at most 50% of the total weight of all the globules.
- the process of the invention is carried out starting from an inverse Ei emulsion, polydisperse, conventionally prepared according to any of the methods known from the state of the art.
- the starting emulsion Ei comprises from 50 to 99% by weight of an aqueous phase, more preferably from 70 to 95%, for example from 80 to 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the emulsion Ei.
- the oily phase is not miscible with water. It comprises one or more distinct oils, the nature of which is not critical in itself.
- oil means any hydrophobic or very little water-soluble substance capable of being emulsified in the presence or absence of one or more suitable surfactants.
- Such a hydrophobic and insoluble substance may be, for example, an organic polymer such as a polyorganosiloxane, a mineral oil such as hexadecane, a vegetable oil such as soybean oil or peanut oil or liquid crystals (lyotropic). or thermotropic).
- an organic polymer such as a polyorganosiloxane, a mineral oil such as hexadecane, a vegetable oil such as soybean oil or peanut oil or liquid crystals (lyotropic). or thermotropic).
- the oil phase contains a hydrocarbon, C 3 - C 30 aliphatic, cyclic and / or aromatic.
- the oily phase comprises dodecane.
- Emulsion Ei comprises a lipophilic surfactant having a lipophilic / hydrophilic ratio (HLB value) of less than 10.
- HLB Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance
- the nature of the surfactant that can be used for the stabilization of the emulsion is more particularly chosen so as to ensure good stability of the emulsion.
- Suitable surfactants there may be mentioned fatty acid esters, preferably C 8 -C 22 , sorbitol such as span 80.
- fatty acid esters preferably C 8 -C 22
- sorbitol such as span 80.
- Another type of suitable surfactant is polyglycerol polyricinoleate.
- Span 80 is a sorbitol-derived molecular mixture whose main constituent is sorbitan monooleate.
- Polyglycerol polyricinoleate has the formula:
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent H or a radical derived from ricinoleic acid of formula (III), at least one representing this derivative:
- polyglycerol polyolcinoleate examples include Admui WoI 1403 (Quest), Radiamuls PoIy 2253 (Fina) and Grindsted PGPR 90 (Danisco).
- the polyglycerol polyricinoleates preferably used according to the invention are those by which n varies between 2 and 5 (and is for example 3) and m varies between 5 and 10 (and is for example 7).
- the surfactant concentration of the oily phase of E 1 varies between 60 and 99% by weight.
- the oily phase may consist of the only lipophilic surfactant.
- step a) the polydisperse inverse emulsion, Ei, is converted into a monodisperse inverse emulsion.
- the technique used for this purpose is that described in application WO 97/38787.
- a means for subjecting the entire emulsion Ision to the same maximum shear is to subject the set of Pernulsion to a constant shear rate.
- the shear rate can be distinct, at a given time, for two points of the emulsion.
- the geometry of the device used to generate the shear forces it is possible to modulate the shear rate applied to the emulsion in time and / or space.
- each part of the emulsion can thus be subjected to a shear rate which varies over time.
- the shear is said to be controlled when, irrespective of the variation in time of the shear rate, it passes through a maximum value which is the same for all parts of the emulsion, at a given moment which may differ from one place to another. the other of the emulsion.
- the double polydisperse emulsion is introduced into a suitable device.
- Suitable devices are described in the application FR 97 00690 or in the international application WO 97/38787.
- a suitable device is a quilt cell in which the shear is constant, the quilt cell being composed of two cylinders concentric in rotation with respect to each other.
- a second device is a cell consisting of two parallel plates moving oscillating relative to each other and between which the polydisperse inverse emulsion is forced.
- Another device is a cell consisting of two concentric discs rotated relative to each other and between which circulates the polydisperse inverse emulsion.
- the maximum value of the shear rate to which the primary emulsion is subjected depends on the rotation frequency, the oscillation frequency and / or the oscillation amplitude of the movement of the plates, cylinders and disks of the devices described above. above. In general, it has been found that a high value of the maximum shear rate leads to the formation of emulsions consisting of droplets emulsion E 1 of very small size and having a very narrow particle size distribution.
- the maximum shear rate varies linearly with the amplitude of oscillation and / or the frequency of movement and inversely proportional to the size of the enclosure in a direction perpendicular to the flow.
- the maximum shear rate be in the range of from 1 to 1.10 5 s -1 , preferably from 100 to 5000 s -1 , for example from 500 to 5000 s -1 .
- a homogeneous flow is characterized by a constant velocity gradient in a direction perpendicular to the moving solid surface.
- One way of controlling the flow is to play on the size of enclosures in the direction perpendicular to the direction of flow imposed by the movement of the surface.
- this dimension d is defined by the difference (R 3 -R 2 ) in which R 2 and R 3 are respectively the radii of the inner and outer cylinders of the Couette device.
- this dimension d is defined by the distance separating the two plates in a direction perpendicular thereto.
- this dimension is defined by the distance separating the two discs in the direction of the axis of rotation of the moving disc.
- a heterogeneous flow can be made uniform by reducing the size of the enclosure and more particularly by reducing its size in the direction perpendicular to the direction of flow.
- the dimension d is preferably maintained below 200 microns, for example between 50 and 200 microns, in particular about 100 microns.
- an inverse emulsion is generally obtained in which the size of the dispersed aqueous phase droplets is between 0.05 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
- step b) the monodisperse inverse emulsion obtained in step a) is diluted by addition of an oily dilution phase.
- oily phase of the same composition as that constituting emulsion Ei (which is preferred), or an oily phase of different composition.
- the exact nature of the oily dilution phase is however not crucial according to the invention.
- the oily dilution phase is as defined above for the oily phase of the emulsion Ei.
- the addition of the oily dilution phase is carried out conventionally without phase inversion.
- a simple method consists in adding dropwise said oily addition phase to the monodisperse inverse emulsion maintained with moderate stirring.
- a shear rate of less than 100 s -1 is generally appropriate
- it is possible to envisage other addition methods such as, for example the one-time addition of the oily dilution phase to the emulsion kept stirring.
- the mass fraction of aqueous phase (ratio of the weight of the aqueous phase to the total weight of the emulsion) is less than 0.5, preferably less than 0.35, better still less than 0.20. .
- the viscosity of the inverse emulsion is less than 0.1 Pa.s, preferably less than 0.01 Pa.s.
- step c) the emulsion resulting from step b), which is a monodisperse inverse emulsion, is treated in a high pressure homogenizer.
- the high pressure homogenizer used according to the invention is of the type commonly used for the preparation of stable emulsions from an aqueous phase and an oily phase.
- Such homogenizers include as described by W. Clayton in The Theor ⁇ of emulsions and Their technical treatment, 5 th edition, Churchill Livingstone, London, 1954; or by LW Phipps in The High Pressure Dairy Homogenizer, The National Institute for Research in Dairying, 1985; or by H. Mulder and P. Walstra in The Milky Fat Globule, Center for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wegeningen, The Netherlands, 1974; or by P. Walstra in Formation of Emulsions, Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology, Paul Bechcher, vol. 1, p. 57-127, Marcel Dekker Ed., New York, 1983.
- liquids are forced to very high pressure (a few hundred bars, for example 100 to 400 bar) to pass through a very narrow opening millimetric or micrometric size.
- This opening is usually placed in a valve system but it may be a slot or a simple circular orifice.
- the opening generally has a diameter of between 10 microns and 1 mm. While passing through this narrow opening, the emulsion undergoes a violent acceleration as well as a sudden drop in pressure (the pressure downstream of the opening is of the order of 1 bar). Cavitation, shearing forces and resulting turbulence ensure emulsification.
- the inverse emulsion obtained at the end of step b) and a so-called continuous aqueous phase are forced into the homogenization valve or into the orifice.
- Said continuous aqueous phase will constitute the aqueous phase external of the double emulsion leaving the high pressure homogenizer. It should be understood that the continuous aqueous phase is an aqueous solution.
- a suitable homogenizer is a Gaulin type homogenizer such as the model marketed by LabPla ⁇ t Limited. Preferably, this model does not require premixing of the phases.
- the inverse emulsion obtained at the end of step b) and the aqueous phase are initially contained in two separate cylindrical tanks surmounted by two pistons, located downstream of a homogenization chamber. By pushing on the pistons, a press forces the two liquids to simultaneously enter the homogenization chamber before passing them through the circular exit orifice.
- the advantageous operating conditions are:
- a speed of injection of the aqueous phase and of the monodisperse inverse emulsion varying between 100 and 500 m / s, better still between 150 and 350 m / s;
- a pressure in the chamber where contact is made between the inverse emulsion and the continuous aqueous phase of between 100 and 400 bar (from 0.1 ⁇ 10 8 Pa to 0.4 ⁇ 10 8 Pa);
- the total aqueous phase contained in the globules represents at most 50% of the total weight of all the globules.
- the continuous aqueous phase used in step c) does not comprise a thickener It may contain one or more surfactants . hydrophilic.
- the final emulsion is produced after a single pass in the high pressure homogenizer.
- a second passage could cause a considerable reduction in the number of internal droplets contained in the globules (by coalescence). This would result in premature leakage of the active ingredient into the external aqueous phase. Thus, a second pass in the high pressure homogenizer is strongly discouraged.
- the hydrophilic surfactant concentration of the continuous aqueous phase of step c) is less than 0.02 times the critical micelle concentration; preferably, it is less than 0.01 times the critical micelle concentration.
- Critical micellar concentration CMC is defined as the concentration above which surfactant molecules associate to form spherical clusters called micelles (see for example "Galenica 5, surfactants and emulsions", volume 5.1, page 101, editor: Techniques and Documentation (Lavoisier)).
- the hydrophilic surfactant concentration of the continuous aqueous phase may be zero.
- the additional surfactant that can be used, as a stabilizer for the monodisperse double emulsion, is of the same type as that possibly present in the aqueous dilution phase; it is a hydrophilic surfactant.
- This additional surfactant may be nonionic, ionic, zwitterionic or amphoteric.
- the hydrophilic surfactant of the aqueous dilution phase of step c) advantageously has a lipophilic-hydrophilic ratio (HLB value) greater than 20, preferably greater than 30.
- the value of HLB is about 40.
- the additional surfactant meanwhile has preferably a value of HLB greater than 12.
- hydrophilic nonionic surfactant mention may be made of:
- the C 2 -C 3 alkylene oxide may be ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in any proportions.
- An example of such surfactants is the condensation product of lauryl alcohol (or n-dodecyl alcohol) with 30 moles of ethylene oxide;
- condensation product of an alkylphenol in which the alkyl chain is C 3 -C 22 with a C 2 -C 3 alkylene oxide is also advantageous.
- condensation products with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in any proportions are also advantageous.
- These condensation products have an alkoxylated chain at the hydroxyl group of the carboxylic group.
- Preferred surfactants of this group are the condensation products obtained from oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid;
- a C 8 -C 22 fatty acid glyceride with a C 2 -C 3 alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.
- ethoxylated glycerol palmitate is preferred;
- the condensation product of a C 8 -C 22 fatty acid ester of sorbitol with a C 2 -C 3 alkylene oxide which may be ethylene oxide, propylene or their mixtures. These compounds are polysorbates.
- a preferred example is sold under the name Tween 80;
- a polylakylene glycol preferably a polyalkylene glycol in which the oxyalkylene portion is C 2 -C 3 ;
- a water-soluble block copolymer of ethylene oxide and of propylene oxide Preferably, a copolymer corresponding to formula (1):
- those having a molar mass of between 2000 and 15000 g / mol, preferably between 5000 and 14000 g / mol, preferably between 8000 and 12000 g / mol, will advantageously be selected.
- hydrophilic anionic surfactants are: - alkyl ester sulfonates of formula R-CH (SO 3 M) -COOR ', where R represents a C 8 -C 20 alkyl radical, preferably a C -C 4 alkyl radical; , R 'a C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical, preferably a C 1 -C 3 alkyl radical, and an alkali metal cation (sodium, potassium, lithium), substituted or unsubstituted ammonium (methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-, tetramethylammonium or dimethylpiperidinium); ...) or derivative of an alkanolamine (monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine ).
- methyl ester sulphonates the radical R of which is C 1-4 C 16; - alkyl sulphates of formula ROSO 3 M, where R represents an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical ⁇ J CI-C-24> preferably C12-C2O and especially C-I2-C-18.
- M representing a hydrogen atom or a cation of the same definition as above, as well as their ethoxylenated (EO) and / or propoxylenated (OP) derivatives, having on average from 0.5 to 6, preferably from 0, 5 to 3 EO and / or OP units; among these, sodium dodecyl sulphate is preferred;
- alkylamide sulphates of formula RCONHROSO3M where R represents a C2-C22 alkyl radical, preferably C5-C20 radical; R 'a C2-C3 alkyl radical, M representing a hydrogen atom or a cation of the same definition above, as well as their ethoxylenated (EO) and / or propoxylated (PO) derivatives, having on average from 0.5 to 60 EO and / or OP units;
- C14-C2O1 'are alkylbenzenesulfonates Cg-C20 "primary or secondary C8-C22 alkylsulphonates, alkylglycerol sulphonates, sulphonated polycarboxylic acids described in GB - A - 1,082,179, paraffin sulphonates, N-acyl N- alkyltaurates, alkylphosphates, alkylisethionates, alkylsuccinamates, alkylsulfosuccinates, sulfosuccinates monoesters or diesters, N-acylsarcosinates, alkylglycoside sulfates, polyethoxycarboxylates, the cation being an alkali metal (sodium, potassium, lithium), a substituted or unsubstituted ammonium residue (methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-, tetramethylammonium, dimethylpiperidinium
- hydrophilic cationic surfactant it is possible to use:
- quaternary ammonium salts such as tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide and
- Fatty amine means amines with long hydrocarbon chains, that is to say comprising from 8 to 24 carbon atoms.
- An example of a preferred fatty amine is dodecylamine.
- surfactants are amphoteric and zwitterionic hydrophilic surfactants: betaine-type surfactants such as betaines, sulphobetaines, amidoalkylbetaines, sulphobetaines, alkylsultaines, alkyltrimethylsulphobetaines,
- alkylamphopropionates or dipropionates amphoteric derivatives of alkylpolyamines, such as AMPHIONIC XL marketed by RHONE-POULENC, AMPHOLAC 7T / X and AMPHOLAC 7C / X marketed by BEROL NOBEL,
- cocoamphoacetates and cocoamphodiacetates cocoamphoacetates and cocoamphodiacetates.
- the surfactant present in the continuous aqueous phase of step c) is chosen from a fatty acid ester of sorbitol; the condensation product of a fatty acid ester of sorbitol with an alkylene oxide; an alkyl sulphate or an ethoxylated and / or propoxylated derivative thereof; a quaternary ammonium salt; and their mixtures.
- the additional hydrophilic surfactant added to the final dual emulsion leaving the homogenizer is selected from a fatty acid ester of sorbitol; the condensation product of a fatty acid ester of sorbitol with an alkylene oxide; a water-soluble block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and their mixtures.
- the concentration of additional surfactant is to be adjusted by those skilled in the art so as to ensure the encapsulation of the active ingredient and prevent the breakage of the emulsion.
- the concentration of said surfactant will preferably be less than 1 times its CMC. If the HLB of the hydrophilic surfactant is. less than 20, then the concentration of said surfactant will preferably be less than 100 times its CMC.
- the aqueous phase of the starting emulsion Ei comprises at least one water-soluble active substance.
- Such active substances are preferably in the form of salts or water-soluble polymers.
- vitamins (E, C) can thus be chosen from vitamins (E, C), enzymes, insulin, analgesics, antimitotics, anti-inflammatories or anti-glaucomatous agents, vaccines, anti-cancer agents, narcotic antagonists, detoxification agents (salicylates, barbiturates), depilatory agents , correcting agents or taste-masking agents, water-soluble salts, acids, bases, vinegar, glucose, dyes, preservatives or mixtures thereof,
- a salt such as an alkali metal chloride (NaCl or KCl) or a water-soluble polymer such as an alginate, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose or a poly (acrylic acid) or still a monosaccharide carbohydrate such as fructose, lyxose, arabinose, ribose, xylose, glucose,
- a salt such as an alkali metal chloride (NaCl or KCl) or a water
- the concentration of active substance depends on the nature of the active substance and the intended application.
- the emulsion E 1 comprises such active substance, it is desirable for the continuous aqueous phase of step c) to include one or more osmotic pressure equilibrating agents.
- balancing agents that can be used according to the invention, those skilled in the art can use any of the balancing agents commonly used in the art. Particularly preferred examples are sorbitol, glycerol and inorganic salts such as ammonium salts and alkali or alkaline earth metal salts.
- a monosaccharide carbohydrate such as fructose, lyxose, arabinose, ribose, xylose, glucose, altrose, mannose, idose, galactose, erythrose, threose, sorbose, fucose or rhamnose, glucose being clearly preferred.
- the concentration of balancing agent will be determined so as to ensure the osmotic balance between the internal aqueous phase of the final double emulsion and the external continuous aqueous phase of the double emulsion. It depends on the posmolality of the hydrophilic active substance (s) (present in the internal aqueous phase) as well as on the posmolality of the said balancing agent in the continuous aqueous phase.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to prepare double emulsions whose giobule size varies between 1 and 50 ⁇ m, especially in the range 2 and 20 ⁇ m, better still between 2 and 10 ⁇ m.
- the size of the droplet size of the emulsion E 1 can be measured using any of the known methods of the prior art: two of these methods are commonly used in the art.
- the first is phase contrast microscopy
- the second is laser particle size.
- a third method suitable for the case of emulsions consisting of at least 65% by weight of dispersed phase is to fill with a double emulsion a cell allowing the transmission of at least 80% of the incident light. By sending a laser beam through the cell and placing a screen on the path after the cell, there is a diffusion ring whose position directly gives the average diameter 2a of the droplets using the conventional formula:
- the concentration of surfactant present in the continuous aqueous phase of step c) determines the size of the globules in the final double emulsion. The higher this concentration, the smaller the diameter of the globules of the final double emulsion.
- Another way of controlling the size of the globules of the final double emulsion is through the control of the total amount of lipophilic surfactant present in the oily phase of the monodisperse inverse emulsion prepared in step b). This amount does not correspond exactly to the sum of the lipophilic surfactant initially present in the inverse emulsion E 1 and the lipophilic surfactant possibly present in the oily dilution phase added in step b), but it is lower.
- a part of the surfactant is adsorbed at the oil-water interface, that is to say at the surface of the aqueous phase droplets.
- C is the desired residual concentration of surfactant
- C x is the total concentration of the lipophilic surfactant in the inverse emulsion, namely the sum of the surfactant initially present in the emulsion E 1 and the lipophilic surfactant present in the oily dilution phase added in step b);
- 0 is the volume fraction of the droplets of aqueous phase, namely the ratio of the volume of the aqueous phase of the inverse emulsion to the total volume of the inverse emulsion;
- R is the average radius of the water droplets
- the amount of surfactant remaining in the oily phase of the inverse emulsion an amount which does not take into account the surfactant adsorbed at the water-oil interface.
- This exchange is carried out simply by those skilled in the art, for example by carrying out the following treatment steps: i) centrifugation of the monodisperse inverse emulsion at a suitable centrifugal force so as to avoid any coalescence of the aqueous phase droplets and until decantation of the phases.
- the centrifugal force is maintained below 15 000 g (where g is the acceleration due to gravity, namely approximately 9.8 ms "2).
- this centrifugation is carried out for less than 30 minutes.
- a first phase consisting of droplets of aqueous phase and an oily phase, in most cases the oily phase is the supernatant phase, the sedimented phase consisting of phase droplets.
- separating the oily phase in a manner known per se and, for example, by pipetting,
- redispersion of the emulsion under appropriate shear so as to avoid subsequent fractionation of the inverse emulsion, moderate mechanical stirring is generally appropriate.
- moderate mechanical stirring is generally appropriate.
- the emulsion may be left standing for several hours. A simple manual agitation then allows redispersing.
- this treatment sequence consisting of steps i) to iv) is repeated several times and in sequence, the oily phase added in step iii) being identical to each sequence.
- this sequence is repeated at least twice.
- the process of the invention has applications in many fields such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, detergent field, the field of liquid crystal display, the field of phytosanitary and water-based paints.
- the emulsions of the invention are also useful in the treatment of surfaces.
- the device used for the preparation of monodisperse inverse emulsions from corresponding polydisperse emulsions is the Couette cell represented in FIG. 1: this consists of two concentric cylinders 2 and 3 in constant rotation. one with respect to the other.
- the inner cylinder 2 is stationary while the outer cylinder 3 is driven in a uniform rotational movement with respect to a drive shaft 15.
- the concentric cylinders 2 and 3 define an annular enclosure 4.
- At the upper and lower ends of the chamber 4 are arranged two sealed ball bearings 5 and 6 annular.
- a cover 7 whose dimensions correspond to those of the outer cylinder 3 closes the upper part of the device 1.
- the Couette cell 1 shown in FIG. 1 also comprises a polydisperse emulsion supply duct 10 which passes through the support 9 and opens into the upper part 11 of the enclosure 4.
- the other end of the supply duct is connected to a reservoir 12 containing the polydisperse emulsion.
- the polydisperse emulsion feed rate is controlled by a piston 13.
- the lower part of the chamber 4 diametrically opposite the point 11 is provided with a monodisperse emulsion discharge line 14 which passes through the flat support 9.
- the device of FIG. 1 allows the continuous preparation of the target monodisperse emulsion.
- the enclosure 4 is continuously supplied with polydisperse emulsion via the pipe 10.
- the polydisperse emulsion circulates in the enclosure 4 while being subjected to shear forces generated by the uniform rotation of the outer cylinder 3 over himself.
- the polydisperse emulsion is subjected to a constant shear rate, the shear rate being defined here as the ratio of the linear velocity to the point of contact with the surface of the outer cylinder 3 to the difference (R 3 -R 2 ) where R 2 and R 3 are respectively the radii of the inner and outer cylinders 2 and 3.
- the size of the emulsion droplets E was determined in all cases by phase contrast microscopy and by laser granulometry.
- a polydisperse inverse emulsion, water in sorbitan monooleate (SPAN 80) is prepared, this component plays both the role of the oil and the surfactant.
- This inverse emulsion is prepared by introducing a 0.4M aqueous solution of sodium chloride in a continuous phase, kept under constant stirring and consisting of monooleate of sorbitan. The amount of aqueous solution added is such that the dispersed aqueous phase represents 85% of the total mass of the emulsion.
- This inverse emulsion is then sheared at a shear rate of 1890 s -1 in a Couette device characterized by a gap of 100 .mu.m.
- the inverse emulsion obtained Ei 0 is monodisperse, the average diameter of the droplets of internal aqueous phase being 0.35 .mu.m.
- the inverse emulsion Ei 0 is then diluted in the dodecane, so that the dispersed aqueous phase represents approximately 20% of the total mass of the emulsio ⁇ .
- This dilution operation consists in gradually adding the dodecane to the inverse emulsion Ei °, while maintaining a low and constant stirring.
- the resulting inverse emulsion is "washed" so as to know the concentration of lipophilic surfactant in the oily continuous phase. Three cycles of centrifugation are carried out for this purpose or the supernatant oily phase is replaced by a solution consisting of dodecane and 2% by weight of sorbitan monooleate.
- the diluted inverse emulsion is stable and has the following characteristics: ⁇ Composition of the continuous phase: Dodecane and 2% by weight of sorbitan monooleate;
- composition of the dispersed phase 0.4M aqueous solution of sodium chloride
- Polydispersity of the volume distribution of the droplets of aqueous solution about 25%, the polydispersity being defined as the ratio of the standard deviation of the curve representing the variation of the volume occupied by the dispersed material as a function of the diameter of the droplets at average diameter of the droplets of aqueous phase.
- the particle size distribution of the diluted inverse emulsion is shown in FIG.
- the high pressure homogenizer comprises 2 tanks for the introduction of a continuous aqueous phase on the one hand, and the diluted inverse emulsion on the other hand.
- the previous inverse emulsion is introduced into one of the tanks and the continuous aqueous phase of the final double emulsion (continuous aqueous phase) in the other.
- the continuous aqueous phase consists of water, 10.5% by weight of glucose (this amount of glucose was chosen to balance the osmotic pressures with the dispersed aqueous phase of the inverse emulsion, consisting of 0.4M salt ) and sodium dodecyl sulphate at 0.005 times the critical miceilar concentration.
- the two fluids are then emulsified in the mixing chamber of the homogenizer at a pressure of about 300 bar.
- the diameter of the outlet orifice chosen is 0.62 mm.
- sodium dodecyl sulphate is immediately added so as to obtain a concentration of 0.1 times the critical miceilar concentration in the continuous aqueous phase of the double emulsion.
- composition of the aqueous continuous phase water, 10.5% by weight of glucose and sodium dodecyl sulphate at 0.1 times the CMC; • Composition of the dispersed phase: composition of the previous inverse emulsion;
- ratio of the volume of the dispersed phase of inverse emulsion on the total volume of the double emulsion about 50%;
- the inverse emulsion is washed by operating as in Example 1 with a continuous phase consisting of dodecane and 1% sorbitan monooleate and 2% by weight. Two inverse emulsions with two concentrations of sorbitan monooleate are thus obtained in the oily continuous phase.
- a decrease in the size of the globules of the double emulsion is observed with the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Furthermore, for a concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate, it is found that the size of the globules of the double emulsion is even smaller than the concentration of sorbitan monooleate is important (see Figure 4).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001581969A JP4643109B2 (ja) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | 単分散二重エマルションの製造方法 |
| DE60107073T DE60107073T2 (de) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer monodispersen Doppelemulsion |
| AU2001258517A AU2001258517B2 (en) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | Method for preparing a monodispersed double emulsion |
| CA002408419A CA2408419C (fr) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | Procede de preparation d'une emulsion double monodisperse |
| EP01931824A EP1280597B1 (fr) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | Procede de preparation d'une emulsion double monodisperse |
| DK01931824T DK1280597T3 (da) | 2001-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en monodispers dobbeltemulsion |
| AT01931824T ATE281881T1 (de) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | Verfahren zum herstellen einer monodisperse doppelemulsion |
| AU5851701A AU5851701A (en) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | Method for preparing a monodispersed double emulsion |
| US10/275,322 US20040116541A1 (en) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | Method for preparing a monodispersed double emulsion |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR00/05880 | 2000-05-09 | ||
| FR0005880A FR2808703B1 (fr) | 2000-05-09 | 2000-05-09 | Procede de preparation d'une emulsion double monodisperse |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001085319A1 WO2001085319A1 (fr) | 2001-11-15 |
| WO2001085319A9 true WO2001085319A9 (fr) | 2008-10-02 |
Family
ID=8850014
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2001/001397 Ceased WO2001085319A1 (fr) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | Procede de preparation d'une emulsion double monodisperse |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040116541A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1280597B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4643109B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE281881T1 (fr) |
| AU (2) | AU5851701A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2408419C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60107073T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2227188T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2808703B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001085319A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2798601B1 (fr) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-12-21 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Emulsion double polydisperse, emulsion double monodisperse correspondante et procede de preparation de l'emulsion monodisperse |
| US20040101613A1 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-05-27 | Unilever Bestfoods North America | Reduced sourness emulsion |
| US20070135325A1 (en) * | 2005-12-10 | 2007-06-14 | Hawes Charles L | Composition for thinning and cleanup of paint |
| US20090211492A1 (en) * | 2005-12-10 | 2009-08-27 | Hawes Charles L | Composition for thinning of oil-based paint |
| FR2897362B1 (fr) * | 2006-02-13 | 2008-04-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Methode de traitement des puits par emulsions de petite taille contenant des additifs |
| JP5200425B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-23 | 2013-06-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 農薬活性微生物製剤 |
| EP2489427A1 (fr) * | 2011-02-16 | 2012-08-22 | Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH | Dispositif et procédé pour la production et l'analyse de prions |
| US12471759B2 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2025-11-18 | The General Hospital Corporation | Optical coupler for an endoscope |
| US8905921B2 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2014-12-09 | The General Hospital Corporation | Optical coupler for an endoscope |
| US20150202304A1 (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2015-07-23 | Tufts University | Encapsulation of immiscible phases in silk fibroin biomaterials |
| DK177609B1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-12-02 | Spx Flow Technology Danmark As | Method for Continuously Reversing or Breaking an Oil-in-Water Emulsion by Hydrodynamic Cavitation |
| US9459442B2 (en) | 2014-09-23 | 2016-10-04 | Scott Miller | Optical coupler for optical imaging visualization device |
| US10548467B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2020-02-04 | GI Scientific, LLC | Conductive optical element |
| WO2017015480A1 (fr) | 2015-07-21 | 2017-01-26 | GI Scientific, LLC | Accessoire d'endoscope avec portail de sortie à réglage angulaire |
| EP3144058A1 (fr) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-22 | Calyxia | Procédé servant à préparer des microcapsules par émulsion double |
| FR3049855A1 (fr) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-13 | Oleon Nv | Emulsion multiple |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4383769A (en) * | 1980-01-29 | 1983-05-17 | Gaulin Corporation | Homogenizing apparatus and method |
| JPS5980326A (ja) * | 1982-10-29 | 1984-05-09 | Kobayashi Kooc:Kk | W/o/w型エマルジヨンの製造方法 |
| JPS6443342A (en) * | 1987-08-07 | 1989-02-15 | Shiseido Co Ltd | Emulsifying compound |
| EP0591452B1 (fr) * | 1991-06-27 | 1998-05-06 | Emory University | Emulsions a plusieurs composants et leurs procedes de preparation |
| EP0546174B1 (fr) * | 1991-06-29 | 1997-10-29 | Miyazaki-Ken | Emulsions monodispersees simples et doubles et procede de production |
| FR2693466B1 (fr) * | 1992-07-09 | 1994-09-16 | Oreal | Composition cosmétique sous forme d'émulsion triple eau/huile de silicone/eau gélifiée. |
| FR2693733B1 (fr) * | 1992-07-17 | 1994-09-16 | Oreal | Composition cosmétique sous forme d'émulsion triple eau/huile/eau gélifiée. |
| FR2747321B1 (fr) * | 1996-04-16 | 1998-07-10 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de preparation d'une emulsion |
| DE19649101A1 (de) * | 1996-09-04 | 1998-03-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung multipler W/OW-Emulsionen |
| JPH10128096A (ja) * | 1996-10-29 | 1998-05-19 | Kaijo Saigai Boshi Center | タール乳化燃料用処理剤 |
| JPH10203962A (ja) * | 1997-01-27 | 1998-08-04 | Miyazaki Pref Gov | 薬物徐放性乳化製剤及びその製造方法 |
| JP3922758B2 (ja) * | 1997-05-02 | 2007-05-30 | 株式会社トクヤマ | シリカ分散液の製造方法 |
| FR2766737B1 (fr) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-09-24 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Emulsions multiples et leurs applications |
| FR2767064B1 (fr) * | 1997-08-07 | 1999-11-12 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de liberation d'un principe actif contenu dans une emulsion multiple |
-
2000
- 2000-05-09 FR FR0005880A patent/FR2808703B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-05-09 ES ES01931824T patent/ES2227188T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-09 AU AU5851701A patent/AU5851701A/xx active Pending
- 2001-05-09 US US10/275,322 patent/US20040116541A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-09 DE DE60107073T patent/DE60107073T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-09 EP EP01931824A patent/EP1280597B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-09 AT AT01931824T patent/ATE281881T1/de active
- 2001-05-09 CA CA002408419A patent/CA2408419C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-09 JP JP2001581969A patent/JP4643109B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-09 AU AU2001258517A patent/AU2001258517B2/en not_active Expired
- 2001-05-09 WO PCT/FR2001/001397 patent/WO2001085319A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2408419C (fr) | 2009-07-21 |
| AU2001258517B2 (en) | 2005-09-08 |
| ES2227188T3 (es) | 2005-04-01 |
| WO2001085319A1 (fr) | 2001-11-15 |
| FR2808703B1 (fr) | 2002-08-02 |
| CA2408419A1 (fr) | 2001-11-15 |
| DE60107073T2 (de) | 2005-11-24 |
| ATE281881T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
| EP1280597A1 (fr) | 2003-02-05 |
| EP1280597B1 (fr) | 2004-11-10 |
| US20040116541A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
| JP2003532523A (ja) | 2003-11-05 |
| AU5851701A (en) | 2001-11-20 |
| DE60107073D1 (de) | 2004-12-16 |
| FR2808703A1 (fr) | 2001-11-16 |
| JP4643109B2 (ja) | 2011-03-02 |
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