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WO2000009830A1 - Method for producing a fibre-reinforced laminate, especially a wood laminate, and said wood laminate - Google Patents

Method for producing a fibre-reinforced laminate, especially a wood laminate, and said wood laminate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000009830A1
WO2000009830A1 PCT/CH1999/000374 CH9900374W WO0009830A1 WO 2000009830 A1 WO2000009830 A1 WO 2000009830A1 CH 9900374 W CH9900374 W CH 9900374W WO 0009830 A1 WO0009830 A1 WO 0009830A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layers
wooden
fiber layer
wood
laminated body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CH1999/000374
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Markus Lehmann
Mark Brändli
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU51453/99A priority Critical patent/AU5145399A/en
Priority to EP99936222A priority patent/EP1105591A1/en
Publication of WO2000009830A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000009830A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/10Next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27MWORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/0013Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
    • B27M3/0026Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally
    • B27M3/0053Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally using glue
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/122Laminated
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/18Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with metal or other reinforcements or tensioning members
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/18Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with metal or other reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/185Synthetic reinforcements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/08Reinforcements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a production method of a fiber-reinforced laminated body, in particular made of wood, in which at least one fiber layer and a connecting means, preferably glue, are brought onto a wooden part or between two wooden layers to be joined and are subsequently connected to one another; as well as a laminate.
  • a connecting means preferably glue
  • the present invention was based on the object of creating a production method for a fiber-reinforced laminate, in particular made of wood, in which an improved strength or rigidity of the laminate is achieved without a considerable additional outlay in its manufacture.
  • At least one fiber layer which is placed on the wooden part or between the wooden layers, is tensioned in at least one direction of its plane of expansion with a defined tensile force and is connected in this tensioned state to the one wooden part or to the wooden layers so that this fiber layer remains permanently under tension.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective illustration of a laminated body according to the invention illustrated in cross section
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective illustration of another laminate body according to the invention illustrated in cross section
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective illustration of a laminated body illustrated in cross section and composed of a plurality of wood layers
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a method according to the invention for producing a laminated body before joining
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a variant for producing a laminated body before the connection
  • FIG. 8 shows a partial longitudinal section of the laminated body according to FIG. 7,
  • Fig.9 to Fig.1 1 each another variant with end views.
  • the two wood layers 12, 14 are in the present case formed from two wood panels, each of which consist of any wood material and can be composed in one piece, from plywood, from pressboard, from wood fibers and / or other materials. Depending on the intended use, the same, but also different materials can also be used for these two wooden panels.
  • the fiber layer 15, which is placed between the wooden layers 12, 14, is tensioned in at least one direction of its plane of expansion with a defined tensile force. In this tensioned state of this fiber layer 15, the two wood layers 12, 14 are then connected to one another by the connecting means 16 located between them, so that this fiber layer 15 remains permanently tensioned.
  • the partially shown wooden panels 12, 14, of which the upper to the lower cut end face is shown set back for better understanding, are elongated. Between these, the fabric-like fiber layer 15 can be seen with fibers 15 ', 15 "running in the longitudinal and transverse directions, of which those are stretched in the longitudinal and / or those in the transverse direction of the wood panels, the tensioning direction being in the direction of the mutual contact surfaces 14'
  • This fiber layer 15 advantageously covers the entire contact surface 14 'of the wood panel, so that a maximum transfer surface results.
  • these fiber layers could also be in the form of strips or as individual fibers or yarns.
  • the tension force to be generated on the fiber layer 15 depends on the respective dimensions and the desired strengths of the layer body 10. For example, with a fiber diameter of 1.4 mm and a bandwidth of 120 mm, a tensile force of 10-40 kN (tensile strength of max. 2,800 N / mm2) could be generated in the longitudinal direction on the fibers 15 ' become.
  • the tension forces are usually in the range of greater than 0 to 80% of the tear strength of the fibers.
  • the tensioned fiber layer 15 is preferably clamped in by the wood layers and the latter is subsequently fastened to one another by the connecting means likewise located between them.
  • a commercially available glue or adhesive is preferably used for the connecting means, which is applied, for example, to the inside of one or both wooden layers 12, 14. Alternatively, however, the fiber layer 15 unwound from a roll can be uniformly wetted with the glue and guided between the wooden layers spaced apart from one another.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment variant of a laminated body 20 according to the invention, in which, in contrast to that according to FIG. 1, the two wooden layers 22, 24 are provided with identical width and length dimensions, but with different thicknesses.
  • the effective tension of the fiber layer 15 in the loaded state of the layer body 20, for example in its bent state can be adjusted accordingly.
  • FIG. 3 shows a laminated body 30 which has five equally thick wooden layers 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, between each of which a fiber layer 15 with a defined tension is assigned in its plane of expansion in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction.
  • the layers of wood can either be connected one by one or all at the same time.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further variant of a laminated body 40, which consists of a U-shaped wooden layer 44 and three wooden panels 42, which are embedded in the longitudinal groove 46 formed by the former. Between these wooden layers 42, 44, fiber layers 45, not shown in detail, are again provided in a tensioned state, which remain permanently tensioned by the hardened glue.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a production device for producing a laminated body, for example one according to FIG. 1.
  • the fiber layer 15 wound on a roll 51 is initially unrolled approximately over the length of the wooden layers 12, 14 and held at the end by clamping jaws 52, 53.
  • the required clamping force can be generated either by moving these jaws 52, 53 or by correspondingly rotating the roller 51, the torque and thus the clamping force being advantageously measured on the roller.
  • the wood layers 12, 14 are then pressed in the direction of the arrow against the band-shaped fiber layer, the connecting means 16 provided as glue being applied to the lower wood plate 14.
  • the tension on the fiber layer is advantageously left until after the glue has hardened.
  • this tension could be released by the jaws and the roller after pressing the plates together if the plates were pressed together so strongly that the tension remains in the fiber layer.
  • the fiber layer 15 can be cut laterally flush with the wood panels.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a further tensioning variant of the fiber layer 15 between two wood layers 62, 64.
  • the fiber layer 15 is here held laterally by jaws 61, 63 without being stretched. Due to the wave-shaped design of the surfaces 62 ', 64' of the wooden layers that come into contact, the laterally clamped fiber layer 15 is stretched when these wooden panels are pressed together and tensioned accordingly with a defined force.
  • the layers of wood could also be profiled in a different way than wave-like, such as tooth-shaped, trapezoidal or otherwise.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a further bracing variant, in which the fiber layer 15 is guided through a loop 15 '' around a core beam 65, which is connected at the corresponding surfaces to cover layers 66.
  • the fiber layer 15 is here at the ends of clamping jaws 62, 63 or a roller 61 without being tensioned, this core beam 65 is displaced in the direction of the arrow and tensions the fiber layer 15 on both sides by the semicircular guide element 69 attached to the end face thereof.
  • the two outer cover layers 66 are made with the prestressed fiber layer 15 and the core beam 65 glued.
  • the prestressed fiber-reinforced beam 65 thus created has symmetrical properties with respect to its central axis 65 '.
  • FIGS. 9 to 11 show three further variants of joined wooden layers according to the invention, the fiber layers 75 laid and prestressed between these wooden layers being viewed in cross section not being arranged over the entire area but only in the outer region of the contacting surfaces of the wooden layers. Only in the embodiment according to FIG. 11, in which six lamellar wooden layers 96 lie one above the other, do the fiber layers 95 in the two outermost layer pairs extend over the entire joint area. rich, while the inner joints are only reinforced on the outside with a strip-like fiber layer 75 each. This division can be particularly advantageous when using such a laminated body in a column-like manner for the purpose of homogenizing the strengths or resilience to this column.
  • these fiber layers 75 could be designed anywhere in these joints with freely selectable dimensions and prestresses.
  • the individual fiber layers for a laminate could also be provided with different prestresses.
  • the wood layers are preferably glued over the entire contact surfaces, but they could also only be bonded to the fiber layers with glue or the like.
  • a bar is composed of four wooden parts 85, through which a crosswise arrangement of the contact surfaces is created. Again, the fiber layers 75 are only provided in the outer areas.
  • the prestressing of the fiber layer could also be achieved by fixing it to a wood layer and then bending the latter so that the fiber layer is stretched by pressing the bent wood into the straight starting position when gluing.
  • the fiber layer can in principle also be stretched by thermal and / or chemical prestressing.
  • heated glue could cause thermal expansion on the fibers, which would then be stretched when the layers of wood are pressed together when they cool down.
  • the warp thread under tension can be made high-strength, but the weft thread serving only as a stabilizer can be made of an inexpensive material.
  • a yarn, thread, net, ribbon or the like can be used as the fiber layer as required.
  • the invention is sufficiently demonstrated with the exemplary embodiments explained above.
  • the layers of wood can of course be shaped as beams, as blockboards, as stick or cross-glued woods, as pressboard or the like. This also applies if only a wooden part and a fiber layer attached to it in a tensioned state are used in the context of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)

Abstract

A method for producing a fibre-reinforced laminate (10), especially a wood laminate, whereby a fibre layer (15), a bonding agent (16) - preferably glue - are placed in between two wooden layers (12, 14) that are to be assembled and subsequently joined. The at least one fibre layer (15) inserted between the wooden layers (12,14) is stretched in at least one direction on a plane of expansion, whereby a defined tensile force is employed, and joined to the wooden layers (12, 14) in a stretched state so that the fibre layer (15) remains permanently tensed. The laminate (10) thus obtained is stronger and more rigid.

Description

Herstellungsverfahren eines faserverstärkten Schichtkörpers, insbesondere aus Holz, sowie ein Schichtkörper aus Holz Manufacturing process of a fiber-reinforced laminate, in particular made of wood, and a laminate made of wood

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Herstellungsverfahren eines faserverstärkten Schichtkörpers insbesondere aus Holz, bei dem mindestens eine Faserschicht und ein Verbindungsmittel, vorzugsweise Leim, auf einen Holzteil oder zwischen zwei zusammenfzufügende Holzschichten gebracht und hernach miteinander verbunden werden; sowie ein Schichtkörper.The invention relates to a production method of a fiber-reinforced laminated body, in particular made of wood, in which at least one fiber layer and a connecting means, preferably glue, are brought onto a wooden part or between two wooden layers to be joined and are subsequently connected to one another; as well as a laminate.

Bei bekannten faserverstärkten Schichtkörpern werden übereinander angeordnete Holzteile als Platten oder dergleichen miteinander verleimt und dazwischen Faserschichten oder Stäbe eingesetzt, welche in ver- schiedenen Ausführungen hergestellt sein können. Die Holzschichten werden zusammen mit dieser Faserschicht üblicherweise mittels handelsüblicher Holzleime oder Kleber verleimt. Hieraus bilden diese verstärkten Holzschichten aufgrund ihrer an sich ausgesprochen anisotropen Eigenschaften eine gewisse dauerhafte Homogenität. Diese Schichtkörper weisen jedoch keine hochwertigen Festigkeiten bzw. Stei- figkeiten auf.In known fiber-reinforced laminates, wooden parts arranged one above the other are glued to one another as panels or the like, and fiber layers or rods which are used in different versions can be made. The wood layers are usually glued together with this fiber layer using commercially available wood glue or glue. Because of their inherently anisotropic properties, these reinforced layers of wood form a certain permanent homogeneity. However, these laminates have no high-quality strengths or stiffnesses.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung wurde demgegenüber die .Aufgabe zugrundegelegt, ein Herstellungsverfahren eines faserverstärkten Schichtkörpers insbesondere aus Holz zu schaffen, bei welchem eine verbesserte Festigkeit bzw. Steifigkeit des Schichtkörpers erzielt wird, ohne dass hierbei ein erheblicher Mehraufwand in dessen Herstellung entstehen würde.In contrast, the present invention was based on the object of creating a production method for a fiber-reinforced laminate, in particular made of wood, in which an improved strength or rigidity of the laminate is achieved without a considerable additional outlay in its manufacture.

Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass mindestens eine Faserschicht, welche auf den Holzteil oder zwischen die Holzschichten gelegt wird, in wenigstens einer Richtung ihrer Ausdehnungsebene mit einer definierten Zugkraft gespannt wird und in diesem gespannten Zustand mit dem einen Holzteil verbunden wird oder den Holzschichten verbunden werden, so dass diese Faserschicht dauerhaft im gespannten Zustand verbleibt.The object is achieved according to the invention in that at least one fiber layer, which is placed on the wooden part or between the wooden layers, is tensioned in at least one direction of its plane of expansion with a defined tensile force and is connected in this tensioned state to the one wooden part or to the wooden layers so that this fiber layer remains permanently under tension.

Mit diesem erfindungsgemässen Herstellungsverfahren kann in einfacher Weise eine erhöhte Festigkeit bzw. Steifigkeit eines mit diesem Verfahren hergestellten Holz-Schichtkörpers dauerhaft erreicht werden. Dieses Verfahren kann ohne besonders aufwendige Vorkehrungen in bestehende Herstellungsanlagen von geschichteten Holzteilen integriert werden. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sowie weitere Vorteile derselben sind nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:With this manufacturing method according to the invention, increased strength or rigidity of a wood laminate produced with this method can be permanently achieved in a simple manner. This process can be integrated into existing manufacturing plants of layered wooden parts without any particularly expensive precautions. Exemplary embodiments of the invention and further advantages thereof are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. It shows:

Fig.1 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines im Querschnitt veranschaulichten erfindungsgemässen Schichtkörpers,1 shows a perspective illustration of a laminated body according to the invention illustrated in cross section,

Fig.2 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines anderen im Querschnitt veranschaulichten erfindungsgemässen Schichtkörpers,2 shows a perspective illustration of another laminate body according to the invention illustrated in cross section,

Fig.3 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines im Querschnitt veranschaulichten, mit mehreren Holzschichten zusammengesetzten Schichtkörpers,3 shows a perspective illustration of a laminated body illustrated in cross section and composed of a plurality of wood layers,

Fig.4 eine weitere Ausführungsvariante eines Schichtkörpers in perspektivischer Darstellung,4 shows a further embodiment variant of a laminated body in a perspective view,

Fig.5 eine schematische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines Schichtkörpers vor dem Verbinden,5 shows a schematic view of a method according to the invention for producing a laminated body before joining,

Fig.6 eine schematische Ansicht einer Variante zur Herstellung eines Schichtkörpers vor dem Verbinden sowie6 shows a schematic view of a variant for producing a laminated body before the connection and

Fig.7 eine schematische Ansicht einer Variante zur Herstellung eines Schichtkörpers vor dem Verbinden,7 shows a schematic view of a variant for producing a laminate before the connection,

Fig.8 einen teilweisen Längsschnitt des Schichtkörpers nach Fig.7,8 shows a partial longitudinal section of the laminated body according to FIG. 7,

Fig.9 bis Fig.1 1 je eine weitere Variante mit stirnseitigen Ansichten.Fig.9 to Fig.1 1 each another variant with end views.

Fig.1 zeigt einen Schichtkörper 10, der aus zwei Holzschichten 12, 14 und dazwischenliegend einer Faserschicht 15 und einem Verbindungsmittel 16 zusammengesetzt ist. Die beiden Holzschichten 12, 14 sind vorliegend aus zwei Holzplatten gebildet, die jeweils aus einem beliebigen Holzmaterial bestehen und einstückig, aus Sperrholz, aus Pressspan, aus Holzfasern und/oder anderen Materialien zusammengesetzt sein können. Für diese beiden Holzplatten sind ferner je nach Gebrauchszweck das gleiche, aber auch unterschiedliche Materialien verwendbar. Bei dem faserverstärkten Schichtkörper 10 wird erfindungsgemäss die Faserschicht 15, welche zwischen die Holzschichten 12, 14 gelegt wird, in wenigstens einer Richtung ihrer Ausdehnungsebene mit einer definierten Zugkraft gespannt. In diesem gespannten Zustand dieser Faserschicht 15 werden die beiden Holzschichten 12, 14 anschliessend durch das dazwischen befindliche Verbindungsmittel 16 miteinander verbunden, so dass diese Faserschicht 15 dauerhaft gespannt bleibt.1 shows a laminated body 10, which is composed of two wood layers 12, 14 and in between a fiber layer 15 and a connecting means 16. The two wood layers 12, 14 are in the present case formed from two wood panels, each of which consist of any wood material and can be composed in one piece, from plywood, from pressboard, from wood fibers and / or other materials. Depending on the intended use, the same, but also different materials can also be used for these two wooden panels. In the case of the fiber-reinforced laminated body 10, the fiber layer 15, which is placed between the wooden layers 12, 14, is tensioned in at least one direction of its plane of expansion with a defined tensile force. In this tensioned state of this fiber layer 15, the two wood layers 12, 14 are then connected to one another by the connecting means 16 located between them, so that this fiber layer 15 remains permanently tensioned.

Die teilweise dargestellten Holzplatten 12, 14, von denen dessen obere zur unteren geschnittenen Stirnfläche zum besseren Verständnis zurückversetzt gezeigt ist, sind länglich ausgebildet. Zwischen diesen ist die gewebeartige Faserschicht 15 mit in Längs- und Querrichtung verlaufenden Fasern 15', 15" ersichtlich, von denen diejenigen in Längs- und/oder diejenigen in Querrichtung der Holzplatten gespannt werden, wobei die Verspannrichtung in der von den gegenseitigen Berührungsflächen 14' der Holzplatten gebildeten Ausdehnungsebene verläuft. Diese Faserschicht 15 deckt mit Vorteil die gesamte Berührungsfläche 14' der Holzplatte ab, so dass eine maximale Übertragungsfläche resultiert. Im Prinzip könnten diese Faserschichten auch streifenförmig oder als einzelne Fasern oder Garne gebildet sein.The partially shown wooden panels 12, 14, of which the upper to the lower cut end face is shown set back for better understanding, are elongated. Between these, the fabric-like fiber layer 15 can be seen with fibers 15 ', 15 "running in the longitudinal and transverse directions, of which those are stretched in the longitudinal and / or those in the transverse direction of the wood panels, the tensioning direction being in the direction of the mutual contact surfaces 14' This fiber layer 15 advantageously covers the entire contact surface 14 'of the wood panel, so that a maximum transfer surface results. In principle, these fiber layers could also be in the form of strips or as individual fibers or yarns.

Die auf die Faserschicht 15 zu erzeugende Spannkraft hängt von den jeweiligen Abmessungen und den gewünschten Festigkeiten des Schichtkörpers 10 ab. So könnte zum Beispiel bei einem solchen mit einem Faser-Durchmesser von 1 .4 mm und einer Bandbreite von 120 mm eine Spannkraft von 10 - 40 kN (Zugfestigkeit von max. 2'800 N/mm2) in Längsrichtung auf die Fasern 15' erzeugt werden. Die Spannkräfte bewegen sich in der Regel im Bereich von grösser 0 bis 80% der Rissfestigkeit der Fasern. Vorzugsweise wird die gespannte Faserschicht 15 von den Holzschichten eingeklemmt und letztere nachfolgend durch das ebenfalls zwischen diesen befindliche Verbindungsmittel aneinander befestigt. Bei dem Verbindungsmittel wird vorzugsweise ein an sich handelsüblicher Leim oder Kleber eingesetzt, welcher beispielsweise auf die Innenseite der einen oder beider Holzschichten 12, 14 aufgebracht wird. Alternativ dazu kann jedoch auch die von einer Rolle abgewickelte Faserschicht 15 mit dem Leim gleichmässig benetzt und zwischen die zueinander beabstandeten Holzschichten geführt werden.The tension force to be generated on the fiber layer 15 depends on the respective dimensions and the desired strengths of the layer body 10. For example, with a fiber diameter of 1.4 mm and a bandwidth of 120 mm, a tensile force of 10-40 kN (tensile strength of max. 2,800 N / mm2) could be generated in the longitudinal direction on the fibers 15 ' become. The tension forces are usually in the range of greater than 0 to 80% of the tear strength of the fibers. The tensioned fiber layer 15 is preferably clamped in by the wood layers and the latter is subsequently fastened to one another by the connecting means likewise located between them. A commercially available glue or adhesive is preferably used for the connecting means, which is applied, for example, to the inside of one or both wooden layers 12, 14. Alternatively, however, the fiber layer 15 unwound from a roll can be uniformly wetted with the glue and guided between the wooden layers spaced apart from one another.

Fig.2 zeigt eine erfindungsgemässe Ausführungsvariante eines Schichtkörpers 20, bei dem im Unterschied zu demjenigen nach Fig.1 die beiden Holzschichten 22, 24 zwar mit identischen Breiten- und Längenabmessungen, aber mit unterschiedlichen Dicken versehen sind. Je nach Wahl des Dickenverhältnisses zwischen den beiden Holzschichten 22, 24 kann die effektive Spannung der Faserschicht 15 im belasteten Zustand des Schichtkörpers 20, bspw. in dessen gebogenem Zustand, entsprechend angepasst werden.2 shows an embodiment variant of a laminated body 20 according to the invention, in which, in contrast to that according to FIG. 1, the two wooden layers 22, 24 are provided with identical width and length dimensions, but with different thicknesses. Depending on the choice of the thickness ratio between the two wood layers 22, 24, the effective tension of the fiber layer 15 in the loaded state of the layer body 20, for example in its bent state, can be adjusted accordingly.

Fig.3 zeigt einen Schichtkörper 30, welcher fünf gleichdicke Holzschichten 32, 33, 34, 36, 37 aufweist, zwischen denen jeweils eine Faserschicht 15 mit einer definierten Spannung in ihrer Ausdehnungsebene in Längs- und/oder in Querrichtung zugeordnet ist. Die Holzschichten können entweder eine um die andere oder allesamt gleichzeitig miteinander verbunden werden. Mit dieser mehrschichtigen Ausbildung des Schichtkörpers 30 wird dessen Zugfestigkeit und Steifigkeit gegenüber demjenigen nach Fig.1 nochmals erhöht. Fig.4 zeigt eine weitere Variante eines Schichtkörpers 40, welcher aus einer U-förmigen Holzschicht 44 und drei Holzplatten 42 besteht, welche in dem von ersterer gebildeten Längsnut 46 eingebettet sind. Zwischen diesen Holzschichten 42, 44 sind wiederum nicht näher gezeigte Faserschichten 45 in gespanntem Zustand vorgesehen, welche durch den ausgehärteten Leim dauerhaft gespannt bleiben.3 shows a laminated body 30 which has five equally thick wooden layers 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, between each of which a fiber layer 15 with a defined tension is assigned in its plane of expansion in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction. The layers of wood can either be connected one by one or all at the same time. With this multilayer design of the laminated body 30, its tensile strength and rigidity are increased again compared to that according to FIG. 4 shows a further variant of a laminated body 40, which consists of a U-shaped wooden layer 44 and three wooden panels 42, which are embedded in the longitudinal groove 46 formed by the former. Between these wooden layers 42, 44, fiber layers 45, not shown in detail, are again provided in a tensioned state, which remain permanently tensioned by the hardened glue.

Fig.5 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Fertigungseinrichtung für die Herstellung eines Schichtkörpers bspw. eines solchen nach Fig.1. Die auf einer Rolle 51 aufgewickelte Faserschicht 15 wird vorerst annähernd über die Länge der Holzschichten 12, 14 abgerollt und endseitig von Klemmbacken 52, 53 gehalten. Die erforderliche Spannkraft kann entweder durch Verschiebung dieser Backen 52, 53 oder durch entsprechendes Drehen der Rolle 51 erzeugt werden, wobei mit Vorteil bei der Rolle das Drehmoment und somit die Spannkraft gemessen wird. Hernach werden die Holzschichten 12, 14 in Pfeilrichtung gegen die bandförmige Faserschicht gepresst, wobei auf die untere Holzplatte 14 das als Leim vorgesehene Verbindungsmittel 16 aufgebracht ist. Die Ver- spannkraft auf die Faserschicht wird vorteilhaft bis nach dem Aushärten des Leimes belassen. Im Prinzip könnte diese Verspannung durch die Backen und die Rolle nach dem Aneinanderdrücken der Platten gelöst werden, wenn die Platten so stark aneinander gepresst würden, dass die Verspannung in der Faserschicht verbleibt. Nach dem Aushärten des Leimes kann die Faserschicht 15 seitlich bündig zu den Holzplatten abgeschnitten werden. Die spezifische Auswahl der Materialien der Holzschichten kann als weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung beliebig getroffen werden, denn die Erhöhung der Steifigkeit wird mit jedem Material erreicht.5 shows a schematic representation of a production device for producing a laminated body, for example one according to FIG. 1. The fiber layer 15 wound on a roll 51 is initially unrolled approximately over the length of the wooden layers 12, 14 and held at the end by clamping jaws 52, 53. The required clamping force can be generated either by moving these jaws 52, 53 or by correspondingly rotating the roller 51, the torque and thus the clamping force being advantageously measured on the roller. The wood layers 12, 14 are then pressed in the direction of the arrow against the band-shaped fiber layer, the connecting means 16 provided as glue being applied to the lower wood plate 14. The tension on the fiber layer is advantageously left until after the glue has hardened. In principle, this tension could be released by the jaws and the roller after pressing the plates together if the plates were pressed together so strongly that the tension remains in the fiber layer. After the glue has hardened, the fiber layer 15 can be cut laterally flush with the wood panels. The specific selection of the materials of the wood layers can be made as a further advantage of the invention, because the increase in rigidity is achieved with any material.

Fig.6 verdeutlicht eine weitere Verspannungsvariante der Faserschicht 15 zwischen zwei Holzschichten 62, 64. Die Faserschicht 15 wird hierbei seitlich von Klemmbacken 61 , 63 gehalten, ohne dass sie gespannt würde. Durch die wellenförmige Ausbildung der in Berührung gelangenden Flächen 62', 64' der Holzschichten wird die seitlich festgeklemmte Faserschicht 15 beim Zusammenpressen dieser Holzplatten gestreckt und entsprechend mit einer definierten Kraft gespannt. Die Holzschichten könnten statt wellenförmig auch in anderer Weise profiliert sein, wie zum Beispiel zahn-, trapez- oder andersförmig.FIG. 6 illustrates a further tensioning variant of the fiber layer 15 between two wood layers 62, 64. The fiber layer 15 is here held laterally by jaws 61, 63 without being stretched. Due to the wave-shaped design of the surfaces 62 ', 64' of the wooden layers that come into contact, the laterally clamped fiber layer 15 is stretched when these wooden panels are pressed together and tensioned accordingly with a defined force. The layers of wood could also be profiled in a different way than wave-like, such as tooth-shaped, trapezoidal or otherwise.

Fig.7 verdeutlicht eine weitere Verspannungsvariante, bei welcher die Faserschicht 15 durch eine Schlaufe 15'" um einen Kernbalken 65 geführt ist, der an den entsprechenden Flächen mit Deckschichten 66 verbunden wird. Die Faserschicht 15 wird hierbei an . den Enden von Klemmbacken 62, 63 bzw. einer Rolle 61 gehalten, ohne dass sie gespannt werden. Dieser Kernbalken 65 wird in Pfeilrichtung verschoben und spannt die Faserschicht 15 durch das stirnseitig an ihm angebrachte halbrunde Führungselement 69 auf beiden Seiten. Die beiden äussem Deckschichten 66 werden mit der vorgespannten Faserschicht 15 und dem Kernbalken 65 verleimt.7 illustrates a further bracing variant, in which the fiber layer 15 is guided through a loop 15 '' around a core beam 65, which is connected at the corresponding surfaces to cover layers 66. The fiber layer 15 is here at the ends of clamping jaws 62, 63 or a roller 61 without being tensioned, this core beam 65 is displaced in the direction of the arrow and tensions the fiber layer 15 on both sides by the semicircular guide element 69 attached to the end face thereof. The two outer cover layers 66 are made with the prestressed fiber layer 15 and the core beam 65 glued.

Gemass Fig.8 hat der so entstandene vorgespannte faserverstärkte Balken 65 symmetrische Eigenschaften bezüglich seiner Mittelachse 65'.According to FIG. 8, the prestressed fiber-reinforced beam 65 thus created has symmetrical properties with respect to its central axis 65 '.

Fig.9 bis Fig.1 1 zeigen drei weitere erfindungsgemässe Varianten von zusammengefügten Holzschichten, wobei die zwischen diesen Holzschichten gelegten und vorgespannten Faserschichten 75 im Querschnitt gesehen nicht über den gesamten, sondern nur im äusseren Bereich der sich berührenden Flächen der Holzschichten angeordnet sind. Einzig bei der Ausführung nach Fig.1 1 , bei der sechs lamellenförmige Holzschichten 96 übereinander liegen, erstrecken sich die Faserschichten 95 bei den beiden äussersten Schicht-Paaren über den gesamten Fugenbe- reich, währenddessen die inneren Fugen nur aussen mit je einer strei- fenförmigen Faserschicht 75 armiert sind. Diese Aufteilung kann insbesondere bei einer säulenartigen Verwendung eines solchen Schichtkörpers zwecks Homogenisierung der Festigkeiten bzw. Belastbarkeiten auf diese Säule von Vorteil sein.FIGS. 9 to 11 show three further variants of joined wooden layers according to the invention, the fiber layers 75 laid and prestressed between these wooden layers being viewed in cross section not being arranged over the entire area but only in the outer region of the contacting surfaces of the wooden layers. Only in the embodiment according to FIG. 11, in which six lamellar wooden layers 96 lie one above the other, do the fiber layers 95 in the two outermost layer pairs extend over the entire joint area. rich, while the inner joints are only reinforced on the outside with a strip-like fiber layer 75 each. This division can be particularly advantageous when using such a laminated body in a column-like manner for the purpose of homogenizing the strengths or resilience to this column.

Selbstverständlich könnten diese Faserschichten 75 an beliebiger Stelle dieser Fugen mit frei wählbaren Abmessungen und Vorspannungen ausgeführt sein. Die einzelnen Faserschichten für einen Schichtkörper könnten auch mit unterschiedlichen Vorspannungen versehen sein. Die Holzschichten sind vorzugsweise über die gesamten Berührungsflächen verleimt, sie könnten aber auch nur bei den Faserschichten mit Leim oder dergleichen verbunden sein.Of course, these fiber layers 75 could be designed anywhere in these joints with freely selectable dimensions and prestresses. The individual fiber layers for a laminate could also be provided with different prestresses. The wood layers are preferably glued over the entire contact surfaces, but they could also only be bonded to the fiber layers with glue or the like.

Fig.9 zeigt vier aneinandergefügte Lamellenteile 76 mit' beidseitig im äusseren Bereich der Berührungsflächen 77 angeordneten Faserschichten 75, welche sich mit Vorteil über die gesamte Länge der Lamellenteile 76 erstrecken.9 shows four butted blade portions 76 'on both sides in the outer area of the contact surfaces 77 disposed fiber layers 75 which extend advantageously over the entire length of the slat parts 76th

Bei Fig.10 ist ein Balken aus vier Holzteilen 85 zusammengesetzt, durch die eine kreuzweise Anordnung der Berührungsflächen entsteht. Wiederum sind die Faserschichten 75 nur in den Aussenbereichen vorgesehen.In FIG. 10, a bar is composed of four wooden parts 85, through which a crosswise arrangement of the contact surfaces is created. Again, the fiber layers 75 are only provided in the outer areas.

Im Prinzip könnte die Vorspannung der Faserschicht auch dadurch erreicht werden, indem sie an eine Holzschicht fixiert und letztere nachfolgend gebogen wird, so dass die Faserschicht dadurch gespannt wird, dass das gebogene Holz beim Verleimen in die gerade Ausgangslage gepresst wird. Die Faserschicht kann nebst der oben ausführlich erläuterten mechanischen Verspannung im Prinzip auch durch thermische und/oder chemische Vorspannung gestreckt werden. So könnte zum Beispiel aufgewärmter Leim eine Wärmedehnung auf die Fasern bewirken, welche durch das Zusammenpressen der Holzschichten dann beim Abkühlen gespannt würden. Zur Verwendung eines kostengünstigen Faserbandes kann bspw. der unter Zug stehende Kettenfaden hochfest, indessen der lediglich als Stabilisator dienende Schussfaden aus einem kostengünstigen Material hergestellt sein. Als Faserschicht kann je nach Bedarf ein Garn, Zwirn, Netz, Band oder dergleichen verwendet werden.In principle, the prestressing of the fiber layer could also be achieved by fixing it to a wood layer and then bending the latter so that the fiber layer is stretched by pressing the bent wood into the straight starting position when gluing. In addition to the mechanical bracing explained in detail above, the fiber layer can in principle also be stretched by thermal and / or chemical prestressing. For example, heated glue could cause thermal expansion on the fibers, which would then be stretched when the layers of wood are pressed together when they cool down. To use an inexpensive fiber sliver, for example, the warp thread under tension can be made high-strength, but the weft thread serving only as a stabilizer can be made of an inexpensive material. A yarn, thread, net, ribbon or the like can be used as the fiber layer as required.

Die Erfindung ist mit den oben erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen ausreichend dargetan. Die Holzschichten können selbstverständlich als Balken, als Tischlerplatten, als stab- oder kreuzverleimte Hölzer, als Pressspan- oder ähnlichen geformt sein. Dies trifft auch dann zu, wenn im Rahmen der Erfindung nur ein Holzteil und ein darauf in verspanntem Zustand befestigte Faserschicht verwendet wird. The invention is sufficiently demonstrated with the exemplary embodiments explained above. The layers of wood can of course be shaped as beams, as blockboards, as stick or cross-glued woods, as pressboard or the like. This also applies if only a wooden part and a fiber layer attached to it in a tensioned state are used in the context of the invention.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS 1. Herstellungsverfahren eines faserverstärkten Schichtkörpers insbesondere aus Holz, bei dem mindestens eine Faserschicht (15, 45) und ein Verbindungsmittel (16), vorzugsweise Leim, auf einen Holzteil oder zwischen zwei zusammenzufügende Holzschichten (12, 14, 22, 24) gebracht und hernach miteinander verbunden werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Faserschicht (15, 45), welche auf den Holzteil oder zwischen die Holzschichten (12, 14, 22, 24) gelegt wird, in wenigstens einer Richtung ihrer Ausdehnungsebene mit einer definierten Zugkraft gespannt und in diesem gespannten Zustand mit dem einen Holzteil verbunden wird oder den Holzschichten (12, 14, 22, 24) verbunden werden, so dass diese Faserschicht (15, 45) dauerhaft im gespannten Zustand verbleibt.1. Production method of a fiber-reinforced laminated body, in particular made of wood, in which at least one fiber layer (15, 45) and a connecting means (16), preferably glue, are placed on a wooden part or between two wooden layers (12, 14, 22, 24) to be joined and afterwards are connected to one another, characterized in that the at least one fiber layer (15, 45) which is placed on the wooden part or between the wooden layers (12, 14, 22, 24) is tensioned in at least one direction of its plane of expansion with a defined tensile force and in this tensioned state is connected to a wooden part or the wood layers (12, 14, 22, 24) are connected, so that this fiber layer (15, 45) remains permanently in the tensioned state. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gespannte Faserschicht (15, 45) von den Holzschichten (12, 14, 22, 24) eingeklemmt und nachfolgend durch das ebenfalls zwischen diesen befindliche Verbindungsmittel (16) aneinander befestigt werden. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tensioned fiber layer (15, 45) of the wooden layers (12, 14, 22, 24) is clamped and subsequently fastened to one another by the connecting means (16) likewise located between them. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die flächenförmig ausgebildete Faserschicht (15, 45) in ihrer Längsrichtung und/oder in Querrichtung gespannt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sheet-like fiber layer (15, 45) is stretched in its longitudinal direction and / or in the transverse direction. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Faserschicht (15) vorerst von einer Rolle (51 ) auf eine annähernde Länge der Holzschichten (12, 14) abgewickelt und hernach endseitig von Klemmbacken (52, 53) oder dergleichen festgehalten wird, anschlie- ssend gespannt und dann die Holzschichten (12, 14) gegen die Faserschicht (15) und das dazwischen befindliche Verbindungsmittel (16) gepresst werden, bis letzteres ausgehärtet ist.4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber layer (15) initially unwound from a roll (51) to an approximate length of the wooden layers (12, 14) and then held on the end by clamping jaws (52, 53) or the like is then tensioned and then the wooden layers (12, 14) are pressed against the fiber layer (15) and the connecting means (16) located between them until the latter has hardened. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verspannung der Faserschicht mechanisch, thermisch und/oder chemisch erzeugt wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tensioning of the fiber layer is generated mechanically, thermally and / or chemically. 6. Schichtkörper aus Holz, welcher nach dem Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche hergestellt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Faserschicht (15, 45) nach dem Verbinden der Holzschichten (12, 14, 22, 24) in wenigstens einer Richtung ihrer Ausdehnungsebene mit einer definierten Zugkraft gespannt ist.6. Laminated body made of wood, which is produced by the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one fiber layer (15, 45) after connecting the wooden layers (12, 14, 22, 24) in at least one direction of their Expansion plane is tensioned with a defined tensile force. 7. Schichtkörper nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine, zwei oder mehr Holzschichten (12, 14, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37) vorgesehen sind. 7. Laminated body according to claim 6, characterized in that one, two or more wooden layers (12, 14, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37) are provided. 8. Schichtkörper nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Faserschichten (15, 45) jeweils ein Gewebe, einzelne Fäden, ein Garn, faserverstärkter Kunststoff oder dergleichen verwendbar sind.8. Laminated body according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a fabric, individual threads, a yarn, fiber-reinforced plastic or the like can be used for the fiber layers (15, 45). 9. Schichtkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die zwischen den Holzschichten (12, 14, 22, 24) befindliche Faserschicht (15) annähernd über den gesamten Bereich der sich berührenden Flächen (14') der Holzschichten (12, 14, 22, 24) erstreckt.9. Laminated body according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the fiber layer (15) located between the wooden layers (12, 14, 22, 24) extends over almost the entire area of the contacting surfaces (14 ') of the wooden layers ( 12, 14, 22, 24) extends. 10. Schichtkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zwischen den Holzschichten (76, 85, 96) befindliche Faserschicht (75) im Querschnitt gesehen nur in einem Teilbereich, zum Beispiel im äusseren Bereich, der sich berührenden Flächen (77) der Holzschichten (76, 85, 96) angeordnet ist.10. Laminated body according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the fiber layer (75) located between the wooden layers (76, 85, 96) seen in cross section only in a partial area, for example in the outer area, of the contacting surfaces ( 77) of the wood layers (76, 85, 96) is arranged. 1 1. Schichtkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei mehreren vorhandenen Holzschichten (96) für einen Schichtkörper die zwischen diesen Holzschichten (96) befindlichen Faserschichten (75, 95) im Querschnitt gesehen derart angeordnet sind, dass wenigstens eine nur einen Teilbereich und wenigstens eine den Gesamtbereich der sich berührenden Flächen der Holzschichten (96) abdecken. 1 1. Laminated body according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that when there are several wooden layers (96) for a laminated body, the fiber layers (75, 95) located between these wooden layers (96) are arranged in cross section such that at least one only a partial area and at least one covering the entire area of the contacting surfaces of the wooden layers (96).
PCT/CH1999/000374 1998-08-13 1999-08-11 Method for producing a fibre-reinforced laminate, especially a wood laminate, and said wood laminate Ceased WO2000009830A1 (en)

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WO2001030547A1 (en) * 1999-10-22 2001-05-03 Weyerhaeuser Company Method of making edge densified lumber and product of the method
DE10102417A1 (en) * 2001-01-11 2002-08-01 Univ Dresden Tech Method for strengthening wooden building elements consists of producing strengthening patterns made up of textile structures, and laminating them onto the wooden building element
DE10148181A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-06-12 Holzbau Seufert Niklaus Gmbh Plywood includes additional, adhesively-bonded layers containing fibers in alignment
DE102006051316A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-05-08 Ernst Huber Wood glue binders has three parts, which include groove and flute milled outer part, glass fiber reinforced polyester layer inserted between groove and flute of two outer parts and center section milled on both sides of groove and flute
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WO2001030547A1 (en) * 1999-10-22 2001-05-03 Weyerhaeuser Company Method of making edge densified lumber and product of the method
DE10102417A1 (en) * 2001-01-11 2002-08-01 Univ Dresden Tech Method for strengthening wooden building elements consists of producing strengthening patterns made up of textile structures, and laminating them onto the wooden building element
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NO337441B1 (en) * 2010-09-29 2016-04-11 Arne Vaslag Beamed beams of solid cross-section and method of making such beam.

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