WO2000055549A1 - Decentralised solar energy installation - Google Patents

Abstract

The novel solar collector installation is characterised in that it is less expensive to install on the site of the consumer and in that the inventive simplified construction and combination of devices which have previously functioned separately in structural engineering terms (solar collector (1), solar modules (2), wind generator (3), heat pump (4), cooling or air conditioning system (5), heat pump storage device (6), reservoir for water for use (6), heating storage device (6), concentrated solar energy exploitation system (7), sun tracking system (8), etc) into a single, pre-assembled device reduces the total weight to below 25 %. The invention is also characterised by its process engineering advantages, for example the heat losses are reduced to a negligible minimum. A novel principle is used for the solar collector (1) which is characterised by a rotating absorption plate (9) that is impinged upon by water. The invention is used for generating and supplying energy (electricity, heat, cold) in the private, communal and industrial sectors and supplying energy to energetic and chemical processes.

Description

description

Decentralized solar energy center

In Europe, solar energy is mainly used to heat domestic water in the private sector, with the sun providing an average of 60 to 75% of the energy required annually. The proportion of hot water energy consumption in the FRG is around 15 to 20% of the total energy requirement of a household, with the space heating requirement in the FRG between 55 and 70%. In order to bridge the low energy yield of the installed systems in winter operation, a much higher collector efficiency or, according to the state of the art, a much larger collector area and storage volume would be required. There are clear economic, structural (space requirements of the collectors and the storage) and thermal limits. The use of measures to increase overall efficiency through solar concentrations or sun tracking has proven to be too costly for these structural sizes and the coupling with heat pumps only makes sense in winter when there is a high heating energy requirement, i.e. when economically affordable solar collector systems with 5 to 8 m2 of collector face area do not represent a fraction of the required basic heat load for the heat pump, even if the heating tips can be taken over by a boiler system.

According to the state of the art, the collector efficiency is determined less by its absorption capacity, but rather by its losses, whereby the optical losses approx. 20% and the heat losses depending on the temperature difference between the absorber and the outside air in addition 20-30% in summer and in winter anyway make up much less sunshine 40-60%. In the case of special designs, such as vacuum collectors, the higher costs essentially eliminate the increases in efficiency. This shows that a much more economical form of solar heat utilization cannot be achieved simply by increasing the efficiency of the collectors.

On the basis of this requirement according to the prior art, the marked invention is intended to achieve essentially 6 goals:

1. Minimization of the collector heat loss through a new absorber technology and the heat loss-reducing combination with other functional components of a solo collector system

2. Increased performance by combining measures to obtain greater solar radiation and, if necessary, connection with regenerative power generation to drive an integrated heat pump

3. Connection of all measures according to item 2 in such a way that, according to the state of the art, function modules, which are usually designed and installed separately, merge in a system in such a way that this system results in a self-sufficient energy supply block

4. Cost minimization of this system technology by functional parts taking on double and multiple functions and at the same time static holding and carrying tasks

5. Elimination of the installation costs which, according to the state of the art, a far-reaching user of solar energy has to achieve

6. Execution of the system in such a way that it can be adapted to a wide variety of climatic conditions and the energy requirements of the user by selecting or replacing easily installable standard functional parts of the system

For a better understanding, the invention will be described below in this order of the 6 points of the object of the invention in logical combination. This description according to the 6 defined objectives simultaneously reflects the many advantages of this invention. The drawings in FIGS. 1 to 7 are intended to assist in this. They show purely by way of example to explain the principle of what a system characterized by the invention can look like. The numerical markings are included in an additional list for ease of explanation.

ERSÄTZBLAπ (RULE 26) It shows :

Figure 1

View of the marked solar collector system with attached wind generator from the east, the change in angle of the system being recognizable from June to December through the adjustable correction of the orientation towards the sun.

Figure 2

View of the marked solar collector system with attached solar modules for power generation from the south, whereby the position of the system can be seen in the morning and evening sun.

Figure 3

Exploded view of the marked system with representation of the system parts that can be assembled or disassembled in a very simple assembly.

Figure 4

View of the marked solar collector system with attached solar modules for power generation from the east, the change in angle of the system being recognizable from June to December through the adjustable correction of the orientation towards the sun.

Figure 5

View of the marked solar collector system with attached solar modules for electricity generation from the north, whereby the position of the system can be seen in the morning and evening sun.

Figure 6

Cross-section of the marked part of the plant, in which the thermal process of pure use of the absorption heat takes place.

Figure 7

Cross-section through the entire marked solar collector system, with additional integrated heat pump and wind generator.

Description of point 1 of the 6 objectives:

According to the state of the art, the absorber is usually designed with absorber plates which transfer the absorbed solar heat to a pipe system in which the liquid heat transfer medium which takes over the heat circulates. According to this principle, the absorber temperature drops from the sheet ends to the pipe wall of the heat transfer to the heat transfer medium, whereby the heat transfer always takes place at the coldest absorber point (recuperative heat transfer).

In contrast to this, the marked invention uses a plate with a solar energy absorbing surface 9 which is rotated about an axis 14 in such a way that the absorption surface remains oriented towards the sun, the plate on the side facing or facing away from the sun or on both sides simultaneously with a liquid heat transfer medium (usually water) is applied 23 and is also designed so that heat is transferred from the plate 9 continuously irradiated by the sun to the applied liquid heat transfer medium in the form that the contact of the heat transfer medium with the Absorber plate 9 takes place only on one plate segment, and consequently the absorber plate 9 thus heats up with the rotation on the other plate segments from the sun and cools only on the plate segment to which the liquid heat transfer medium is applied by the heat transfer to the heat transfer medium ( regenerative heat transfer). With this regenerative heat transfer, the heat transfer always takes place at the hottest point of the absorber 9, as a result of which, at comparable usable heat carrier temperatures, lower absorber temperatures can be set compared to the compared prior art and thus lower heat losses can be achieved.

It is also characteristic of this new absorption technology that the way in which the rotatable absorption plate 9 is acted upon by the heat transfer medium can be carried out and that the shape and surface of the absorption plate 9 is designed in such a way that the absorption plate 9, in addition to the absorption function and heat transfer function, is at the same time a result of this application rotates a liquid medium in the desired direction, whereby no drive is required for rotating the disc and both the heat transfer and the speed of rotation of the absorber plate 9 can be controlled by changing the amount of heat transfer medium applied.

The heat losses on the rear of the collector according to the prior art are completely eliminated in this marked invention in that the rear of the absorber disk 9 is designed as an insulated solar storage 6.

The solar absorber 9 is insulated to the sun-facing side in addition to the thermal insulation by attaching a transparent plate 10 also by a constructively generated heat build-up against heat loss, in such a way that a funnel 7 open to the sunny side is attached to the heat accumulator so airtight that the solar absorber is hermetically sealed at the transition from the sun-facing side to the shaded side.

This reduction in heat losses is effective in that the temperature difference between the absorber plate 9 and the outside air responsible for the losses is reduced by the heated air in the funnel 7.

Description of point 2 of the 6 objectives:

In order to increase or concentrate the solar radiation on the absorber 9, the heat loss-reducing conical funnel 7 is also designed to be reflective on its inner side irradiated by the sun, so that the sun rays striking this inner side of the funnel are reflected on the absorber surface. In the case of the funnel 7 shown in FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 in size and shape, the solar radiation triples on the absorber 9 in the case of direct radiation. Since diffuse light is not reflected, the reflection is reduced accordingly in the case of a diffuse light component .

To further increase the solar radiation on the absorber 9, the first labeled reflecting funnel 7 can be supplemented by a further funnel 41, which in size and shape according to FIG. 3 increases the solar radiation sixfold in total with direct light on the absorber. This additional funnel can be attached to the shaft 14, about the axis of which the absorber disk also rotates.

The marked solar collector system is equipped to increase the daily solar radiation with a sun tracking, this sun tracking from sunrise to sunset by rotating the entire system about a single axis defined according to claim 14, which is arranged between the overall system and system support structure in such a way that the Axis 35 in the functional system is aligned on the one hand from south to north and on the other hand is lowered on the south side to such an extent that it is at an angle of 90 degrees to the sunshine by the second axis 38 crossing it at an angle of 90 degrees rotating absorption disk 9 directed from north to south at the angle of sunlight to the sun.

In this marked version of the sun tracking, the correction for changing the sun angle between winter and summer is carried out manually or automatically at the upper bearing point of the axis of rotation 17 and the entire system is moved around the lower bearing point 36 in the south / north direction by the desired correction angle (maximum 23, 5 degrees required) rotated. To further increase the absorption capacity of the marked solar collector system, which is increased by multiplying the solar radiation, a heat pump process is integrated, the compressor 31 according to FIG. 6 including the relief valve being fastened to the solar store 6 and the condensation heat being transferred via the condenser 32 in the solar store. The evaporator 33 can be arranged flexibly depending on the system design and the energy requirements of the user of the system, for example in the insulation of the solar storage, in the outer shell of the insulation of the solar storage, in the ground below the installed system or in a cold water generator.

The marked solar collector system is also designed so that a wind turbine 3 with a generator 13 or alternatively attached solar modules 2 generate electricity, which is used to drive the refrigerant compressor 31 of the heat pump 4, and / or stored in a battery 18 in the event of heat or excess electricity production or is fed into the public network.

The wind turbine 3 and also the alternatively attachable solar modules 2 for power generation are designed and attached in such a way that the attachment 43 to a shaft 14 guided through the solar storage 6 and through the middle of the absorber takes place, that the functional parts lie outside the larger funnel cross section facing the sun and that Sun exposure is only slightly affected by slim-shaped connecting parts 42 to the supporting shaft.

Description of point 3 of the 6 objectives:

To represent the performance of a system that combines all measures according to points 1 and 2 of the objectives, a system size should be assumed from the assumption of the supply of a single-family house with approx.

Since the storage quantities of 300 to 500 liters usually used in solar systems for hot water generation are much too small for a heat supply in winter, a system with 5 to 7 times the amount of 2500 liters storage capacity is assumed. In a system design with a spherical accumulator as shown in FIGS. 1-7, this results in an internal cylinder diameter of 1.7 meters and an assumed external cylinder diameter of 2 meters with an assumed insulation thickness of 150 mm.

According to the example shown, this memory 6 is able to act as a fully insulating 34 and load-bearing rear wall of an absorption disk 9 of 1.8 meters in diameter with an absorption area of approximately 2.5 square meters. Assuming the following assumptions can now be determined, which comparative collector view area according to the prior art this corresponds.

Assumptions:

- Average heat losses from state-of-the-art collectors in the 6 winter months: 50%

- Reduction of heat loss: 75%

- average proportion of diffuse solar radiation: 50%

- Absorption area used: 2.5 sqm

- reflecting mirror surface of the concentrating funnel facing the sun: 7.5 sqm

- Increase in the absorbed solar radiation power per day through sun tracking: 25%

With this assumption, an absorber view surface of about 4 times the size would be required for the collector performance of this labeled system according to the state of the art, i.e. about 10 square meters. With the addition of a second reflection funnel 41 in the proportionate dimension shown in FIG. 3, an efficiency corresponding to a prior art pantry door surface of approximately 15 square meters is established. The average collector view area of installed collector systems for hot water generation in single-family houses is between 5 and 8 square meters for comparison of the performance assessment. Only through this, according to the assumption shown, reduced absorber area 9 was it possible to merge the thermal power components functionally into a block that could be largely pre-assembled in terms of construction, which requires a space requirement of 2 x 2 meters on the ground for the previously assumed system with 2500 memory contents.

With a space requirement of 2.5 x 2.5 meters, which would still correspond to a transportable largely pre-assembled system, a spherical memory would result in a possible memory content of 5500 liters and an absorber view area 9 of 4 square meters, i.e. an equivalent colector view area according to the prior art of 16 square meters with a concentrating funnel 7 and of 24 square meters with a second additional funnel 41.

These comparisons were only made to estimate the performance range in which such a marked system according to claims 1 to 27 is located. The system is therefore able to provide a thermal output based on the combined absorption technology shown using solar energy, which alone in the version with absorption technology represents a much more economical alternative to systems for producing hot water according to the prior art.

For this purpose, FIG. 6 shows a thermal circuit of the system, as can be carried out for a hot water supply and heating support for a living area. The circulation pump 21 of the open absorber circuit 22 takes the water as a heat transfer medium from the expansion tank 19 and conveys it through the riser 22 into the desired position above the rotatable absorber plate 9, where it then flows from an opening or nozzle 23 onto the specially shaped absorber plate 9 flows that on one side of the plate there is an excess weight due to the water applied and the plate thus begins to turn.

This riser pipe 22 of the water supply to the absorber 9 was previously passed through the store 6 in such a way that the circulating water transfers heat to the store 6 at a higher temperature than that in the store. The water thus cooled is then heated again when the absorber plate 9 heated by the sun flows over and flows back under its own gravity via the return line 24 to the expansion tank 19. Lost circuit water (for example due to evaporation) is fed in from the cold water connection 25 via a float valve 20. In the example shown, the store 6 serves as a store of the process water, which is taken from the upper part of the store 6 via the line 26, a controllable temperature limiter 27 limiting the outlet temperature by admixing cold water. The withdrawn service water is replaced via the connection 25 again with cold water.

The heating circuit can be supported by means of an inserted heat exchanger 30 with the feed 28 and discharge connections 29.

FIG. 7 shows the overall system in section, the embodiment characterized by this invention being shown here, to supplement the system by a relatively simple addition to further increase the output by means of a heat pump and a wind generator. The very simple possibility of integrating the compressor 31, condenser 32 and evaporator 33 of the heat pump was only hinted at, since here there is the basic possibility of integrating a wide variety of heat pump principles in order to achieve an optimal adaptation to the needs of the energy consumer. The mere fact that the coefficient of performance can be varied between 3 and 10 in this practical application by the flexible choice of the condenser and evaporator temperature shows that the invention would like to keep these flexible possibilities open.

In contrast, the attachment of a wind generator for supplying the heat pump as autonomously as possible is predetermined by the system concept characterized by the invention. Only one shaft 14 needs to be pushed through one of the two tube axes 38 penetrating the memory for multiple use, the fan impeller 3 at its upper end and the other lower end of the power generator 13 can be attached. It depends on the respective climatic conditions and the energy requirement of the customer when it makes sense to supplement the system with the additional wind generator equipment even without using a heat pump.

Description of point 4 of the 6 objectives:

It is characteristic of this invention that functional parts specifically perform double and multiple functions and at the same time specifically perform static holding and carrying tasks. It was only through these largely inventive designs that a system could be created whose total weight should be at least below 25% of the corresponding system technology according to the prior art.

Only a comparison value should be used for this:

The construction weight of state-of-the-art solar collectors today is between 15 and 25 kg per sqm of visible area, depending on the amount of insulation required. At 20 sqm, this results in an average of approx. 400 kg and including the static support and fastening construction at least 500 kg. The 2.5 square meter absorption plate 9 made of aluminum sheet with double-wall sheet 10 made of polycarbonate as transparent insulation instead of glass, designed in this marked, comparable system, will weigh no more than 13 to 17 kg, plus approx. 10 kg for the funnel 7, depending on the design and bearing design , which in principle only has to consist of a stretched mirror-coated film. All other collector components including static holder are taken over by the marked concept from the memory 6, which must also be present in a system according to the prior art.

This example best explains the meaning of the marked subclaims, which, in their specifically inventive combination, bring about the economic realization of such a power concentration in a relatively small system.

Description of point 5 of the 6 objectives:

For many concrete prospects for the use of state-of-the-art solar energy, an installation involves too many risks, since the large storage tanks are usually installed in the house and the solar collectors with an individual weight of 40 to 70 kg are usually installed on the roof. Added to this are the links with the existing heating and service water through soldering, welding, caulking as well as emptying, filling and venting the system. Since the heating and hot water system in every house is the most sensitive part, which requires the help of a specialist in the event of problems, this represents one of the greatest psychological thresholds, which considerably restrict the extensive use of solar heat.

With this inventive system, these obstacles shown are largely eliminated. To use hot water, this system, which is set up the size of a garden shed, needs to be connected to a cold water hose only at connection 25 and to take hot water with a line hose from connection 26 to the inlet in front of the water heater or hot water tank in the house, whereby only the previous cold water connection there needs to be taken over.

The supply of such lines is also relatively simple today without soldering and chiseling work with flexible pipes or hoses. When using heat, for example, a flow and return to the connections 28 and 29 can be made. If the system is then connected with the ends of these two lines in the flow line behind the heating pump in the house, the heat is always removed from the solar system when this pump is running before the boiler is switched on. However, it remains advisable to integrate an adjustable bypass so as not to negatively influence the use of process water.

Description of point 6 of the 6 objectives:

The marked system is designed in such a way that it can be adapted to a wide variety of climatic conditions and the energy requirements of the user by choosing or replacing easily mountable standard functional parts of the system.

This interchangeability as required is shown in Figure 3 as an exploded view.

The following examples show the wide range of variations:

- In the case of a previously electricity-based acceptance requirement with largely direct sunlight, the addition of solar modules 2 could be worthwhile.

- In the case of a previously electricity-based purchase requirement in a largely windy climate with a high proportion of diffuse solar radiation, the addition of a wind turbine 3 with a drive shaft 14 and a power generator 13 could be worthwhile.

In the case of a previously heat-oriented acceptance requirement with largely direct sunlight, the addition of the system by a second solar-concentrating funnel 41 could be worthwhile.

- In the case of a previously heat-oriented acceptance requirement in a largely windy climate with a high proportion of diffuse solar radiation, the addition of a wind turbine 3 with drive shaft 14 and power generator 13 and heat pump could be worthwhile.

Further advantages of the marked system, which have not yet been described, are that the absorber plate can be made in any heat storage and heat transferable material, in any useful thickness, shape, size and surface design, so that it can be adapted structurally to a wide variety of system concepts and opens up a large spectrum of optimization in terms of cost . that the temperature of the heat transfer medium leaving the absorber is always below its evaporation temperature even without an external control device, that in the event of failure or when the pump feeding the absorber is switched off specifically, the collector is automatically emptied, that no excess pressure can arise due to the evaporating heat transfer medium, that the solar collector system in the absorber circuit No ventilation system requires that the feed pump of the solar collector system alone has to bridge the head between the compensating vessel and the absorber feed and therefore has a very low energy requirement that the sun tracking axis passes almost exactly through the center of gravity of the system to be tracked, which means that only minimal adjustment forces are required. that the adjustment forces of the sun tracking for winter / summer correction are relatively low because the main load of the system rests in the lower bearing of the system suspension and this correction takes place in the upper bearing that no fossil fuels are required for all energy use concepts shown in a variant, that the installed device for Sun tracking also serves to ensure the safety of the system and the adaptation of the system to the given performance parameters by turning the system to a wind-repellent position in the event of a storm, turning away from direct solar radiation when the solar absorber overheats, which can be the case when the heat transfer circuit is at a standstill and in the event of overproduction of heat, bring the wind generator into the best possible position to prefer to generate electricity or cold.

Numbering of the components and functional parts according to Figures 1 to 7

1 regenerative solar collector

2 solar modules for power generation

3 wind turbine

4 heat pumps

5 refrigeration system

6 storage rooms

7 On the insolation side, a heat-insulating funnel with a radiation-reflecting inner surface

8 sun tracking

9 rotating absorber disc

10 pane as transparent thermal insulation

11 installation block

12 inspection cover for installation block

13 power generator

14 drive shaft from wind turbine to power generator

15 controlled servomotor for sun tracking from sunrise to sunset

16 Carrying and fastening frame for complete system

17 Adjustment device for sun tracking December / June, optionally available with a hand crank or with a controlled servomotor

18 accumulator

19 Expansion tank in the pressureless, open absorber heat circuit

20 level control with feed in case of losses

21 Circulation pump for absorber heat circuit

22 Flow line of the absorber heat circuit with design as a heat exchanger for heat transfer from the absorber circuit to the storage tank

22 Supply line to act upon the absorber plate with the heat transfer medium

23 Feeder opening for loading the absorber plate with the heat transfer medium

24 Return line of the absorber heat circuit

25 Supply of a heat transfer medium with access to the lower (cool) part of the storage

26 Supply of a heat transfer medium with access to the upper (hot) part of the storage

27 adjustable temperature limiter at the heat transfer outlet from the system

28 Connection for access to heat transfer medium for heat extraction (e.g. for heating purposes)

29 Connection for outlet of heat transfer medium for heat extraction (e.g. for heating purposes)

30 Heat transfer circuit run as a heat exchanger for heat transfer from the storage

31 refrigerant compressor

32 condenser of the refrigeration circuit to transfer the heat generated into the storage

33 individually executable evaporators of the heat pump that can be placed in the system for heat transfer from e.g. Environment and / or storage insulation (cold trap) or as an evaporator for cooling

34 Memory insulation

35 tube firmly and tightly connected to the accumulator for stabilizing the accumulator, for storing the entire system in the supporting frame (16) and as a rotatable axis for morning / evening sun tracking

36 two-axis pivot and support bearing

37 flexible coupling for power transmission between servomotor (15) and tube (35)

38 tube firmly and tightly connected to the accumulator for stabilizing the accumulator, for mounting the fan and generator axis of rotation and the rotating absorption disc

39 Central control and control cabinet with external control displays and power connection for external power supply in the event of excess electricity in summer or power consumption as required, e.g. for heat pump power supply on cold winter days

40 central connection of all lines connected to the system for system supply (e.g. cold water) and for energy supply to the customer (e.g. process water, heating water, cold water, excess electricity) with flexible hose connections to the pivoting system

41 alternative 2nd stage of construction of a funnel concentrating sun rays

42 slender shaped connecting parts between wind turbine, solar modules and additional concentration funnel to the supporting shaft claims

1. Solar collector system for absorbing solar energy, for conversion into usable heat and increasing the absorbed power by wind and / or solar power generated and coupled within the same labeled system, characterized in that a plate with a surface absorbing solar energy is rotated about an axis that the absorption surface remains aligned with the sun throughout and that the plate on the side facing or facing away from the sun or on both sides is simultaneously acted upon with a liquid heat transfer medium (usually water) and is also designed so that heat transfer from the plate continuously irradiated by the sun is applied to the applied liquid heat transfer medium in the form that the heat transfer medium comes into contact with the absorber plate only in one plate segment and consequently the absorber plate with the rotation on the other plates gmenten warmed by the sun and only on the plate segment loaded with the liquid heat transfer medium cools down through the heat transfer to the heat transfer medium (regenerative heat transfer).

2. Solar collector system according to claim 1, characterized in that the way in which the rotatable absorption plate is acted upon with the heat transfer medium is carried out and the shape and surface of the absorption plate is designed such that the absorption plate in addition to the absorption function and heat transfer function is at the same time solely as a result of this exposure to a liquid Medium rotates in the desired direction.

3. Solar collector system according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorber plate can be carried out in any heat-storage and heat-transferable material, in any useful thickness, shape, size and surface design and can thus be adapted constructively to a wide variety of system concepts.

4. Solar collector system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sun shaded side of the solar absorber is designed as a solar storage device, that this solar storage device represents the statically supporting rear wall of the solar absorber and takes over the full insulation of the absorber on its entire sun shading side.

5. Solar collector system according to claim 4, characterized in that the solar storage designed as an absorber back is also designed so that it all according to claim 1 to 27 function-increasing, component and weight-reducing and performance-increasing measures and components within its execution statically and / or functionally in one integrated and interacting functional and construction block integrated, with the exception of the bogie for sun tracking according to claim 22, in which the solar storage is self-supporting. It is irrelevant for this principle whether the memory is designed in one or more layers depending on the user needs.

6. Solar collector system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer for the purpose of heat transfer from the solar absorber to the solar storage as an open to the atmosphere (so pressureless) circuit of a liquid heat transfer medium is executed, the level control with expansion tank and pump to promote the heat transfer medium from the expansion tank to the absorption is below the collector. 7. Solar collector system according to claim 6, characterized in that the heat transfer for the purpose of heat transfer from the solar absorber to the solar storage and the level control with expansion tank, feed pump and feed opening to act on the absorber plate with the heat transfer medium are connected to the solar storage so that the solar storage is the static holder of these functional parts and the insulation of the solar storage is at the same time the insulation of these functional parts.

8. Solar collector system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar heat transfer circuit is functional without a ventilation system.

9. Solar collector system according to claim 7, characterized in that the feed pump is integrated in the manner in the heat transfer circuit of the solar collector system that it only has to bridge the head between the compensating vessel and the absorber feed.

10. Solar collector system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar absorber to the sun-facing side in addition to the insulation by means of attaching a transparent plate is also insulated by a constructively generated heat build-up against heat loss, executed in such a way that a funnel open to the sunny side is so airtight is attached to the heat accumulator that the solar absorber is enclosed airtight at the transition from the sun-facing side to the sun-shaded side.

11. Solar collector system according to claim 10, characterized in that the funnel installed for the purpose of thermal insulation has any cross-sectional shape, is also designed as a mirror on the inside and is flared to the sunny side so that it meets the reflecting inside of the conical funnel Sun rays are reflected on the absorber surface.

12. A solar collector system according to claim 10, characterized in that this funnel which insulates the solar absorber and concentrates the solar rays is attached to the solar storage and not to the collector or absorber and thereby the storage takes over the statically supporting function of this funnel.

13. Solar collector system according to claim 5, characterized in that the compressor, expansion valve, evaporator, condenser and the refrigerant-carrying lines of a heat-pumping compression refrigeration circuit for increasing the performance of the solar collector system are connected to the solar storage so that the solar storage takes over the static mounting of these functional parts and the insulation of the Solar storage is also the insulation of these functional parts.

14. Solar collector system according to claim 13, characterized in that the condenser of the heat-pumping compression refrigeration circuit is attached as a heat exchanger in the interior of the solar storage and the evaporator in the insulation region of the evaporator. 15. Solar collector system according to claim 5, characterized in that the solar heat accumulator as a statically supporting block of the functional parts of the solar collector system is penetrated by 2 crossing tubes at right angles for the purpose of its static reinforcement, in the type and position that these tubes simultaneously the axes of rotation for the sun tracking (Sunrise / sunset), the absorber disk and the wind generator, and thus the solar storage also takes over the static carrying function for the functional parts attached to these axes outside the storage.

16. Solar collector system according to claim 15, characterized in that a pipe penetrating the storage is tightly connected to the storage at the penetration points on the storage wall and is designed at one end so that there the absorber disk outside the storage and closely above the outer surface of the storage insulation is rotatably supported.

17. Solar collector system according to claim 16, characterized in that the tube penetrating the storage, on which the absorber disk is rotatably mounted, receives a shaft, in length and design, that on the shaft side of the mounted absorber disk alternatively a second conically shaped funnel for solar rays - Concentration, a wind turbine or solar modules for power generation are attached and in the case of the wind turbine installation at the other opposite end of the shaft outside the memory, a power generator is attached, which is driven by the shaft of the wind turbine.

18. Solar collector system according to claim 17, characterized in that the second conically shaped funnel for solar radiation concentration with any cross-sectional shape on the narrow side facing the absorber and on the wide side facing the sun, the diameter on the narrow side is the diameter of the first funnel corresponds on the broad side and the angle of the cone is determined in such a way that all sun rays hitting the second funnel are also reflected on the absorber surface.

19. Solar collector system according to claim 17, characterized in that the wind turbine and also the alternatively attachable solar modules for power generation are designed and attached such that the functional parts are outside the larger funnel cross section directed towards the sun and the solar radiation is only light through slender shaped connecting parts to the supporting shaft is affected.

20. Solar collector system according to claim 19, characterized in that the current generated by the wind turbine with a current generator or the alternatively attachable solar modules for the drive of the refrigerant compressor of the heat pump is used, and / or stored in a battery or in the production of heat or electricity or in the public network is fed.

21. Solar collector system according to claim 15, characterized in that the sun tracking from sunrise to sunset occurs by rotating the entire system around a single axis defined according to claim 14, which is arranged between the overall system and the system support structure in such a way that the axis in the functional position The system is aligned on the one hand from south to north and on the other hand is so far lowered on the south side that this axis is at an angle of 90 degrees to the solar radiation by the second axis crossing at an angle of 90 degrees with the absorption disc mounted on it from the north Facing south at the angle of sun exposure to the sun. 22. Solar collector system according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire solar collector system is fixed in the two bearings of the support frame firmly anchored to the earth and the rotation for sun tracking according to claim 21 is carried out by a programmable adjustable servomotor which is attached to the support frame.

23. Solar collector system according to claim 21, characterized in that for low adjustment forces of the sun tracking from sunrise to sunset the axis of rotation leads approximately through the center of gravity of the solar collector system to be tracked.

24. Solar collector system according to claim 21, characterized in that the sun tracking for correcting the change in the sun angle between winter and summer is done manually or automatically at the upper bearing point of the axis of rotation and hiebei the entire system around the lower bearing point in the direction south / north by the desired correction angle (maximum 23.5 degrees required) is rotated.

25. Solar collector system according to claim 24, characterized in that for the purpose of low adjustment forces of the sun tracking for winter / summer correction, the main load of the system rests in the lower bearing of the system suspension and this correction takes place in the upper bearing.

26. Solar collector system according to claim 21, characterized in that the installed device for sun tracking also serves the safety of the system and the adaptation of the system to the given performance parameters, in that the system rotates into a wind-repellent position during a storm, rotates when the solar absorber overheats, which can be the case when the heat transfer circuit is at a standstill, turns away from direct solar radiation and, in the event of excess heat production, brings the wind generator into the best possible position in order to generate electricity or cold preferentially.

27. Solar collector system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the usually structurally separately functioning devices solar collector, solar modules, wind generator, heat pump, refrigeration or air conditioning, heat pump storage, domestic water storage, heating storage, concentrated solar use, sun tracking and others. in this marked solar collector system are combined in a functional block, whereby the installations and piping required according to the state of the art are omitted, in that only the supply lines are connected to the energy consumer on the marked solar collector system, in the form that they are connected to a single point of the solar collector system become.

Claims

1. Name Decentralized solar energy center 2. Summary -2 1— De -j-viüSQh & ftJiche Use of decentralized systems for the use of solar energy is mainly due to the low energy yield in winter operation, the high costs for solar power generation, radiation concentrations and sun tracking and the high heat losses of the solar collectors with large temperature spreads between outside air and Absorber temperature, the poor ratio of the weight of the functional parts to the total weight, the need to use expensive, energy-intensive materials such as solar glass and copper and the high installation effort for coupling with the existing energy system determined With this invention, these previously described thresholds were largely overcome with the The overall goal of replacing the central energy supply based on fossil fuels with decentralized, combustion- and pollutant-free, completely self-sufficient energy generation modules based on solar energy, depending on the local climatic conditions alternatively integrated wind generator & The new solar collector system is characterized in that the previously required installation work at the location of the energy consumer is eliminated and the inventive constructive simplification and connection of previously structurally separate devices (solar collector 1, solar modules 2, wind generator 3, heat pump 4, cold or air conditioning 5, heat pump storage 6, hot water storage 6, heating storage 6, concentrated solar use 7, sun tracking 8, etc.) for a single preassembled device, the total weight is reduced to less than 25% and the process engineering advantages that are characteristic of the invention, such as that the heat losses are negligible - Bred minimum be used as solar collector 1, a new principle is used, characterized by a water-loaded, rotating absorption disc 9th

3rd drawing