WO1999033584A1 - Method for destroying and recycling banknote, securities or similar waste - Google Patents
Method for destroying and recycling banknote, securities or similar waste Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999033584A1 WO1999033584A1 PCT/RU1998/000438 RU9800438W WO9933584A1 WO 1999033584 A1 WO1999033584 A1 WO 1999033584A1 RU 9800438 W RU9800438 W RU 9800438W WO 9933584 A1 WO9933584 A1 WO 9933584A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
Definitions
- the closest analogue of the invention is the aforementioned methods of disposing of and disposing of paper monetary symbols and other valuable securities a magician, including their cutting and processing (w. "MONKEY”, the weekly publication of the home of the house “Kommursang”, K ⁇ Zb, 10.10.97, p.13).
- the objective of the invention is the creation of technology of thermal technology
- the method can be used only to concentrate on 20 alkaline-earth metals in the vicinity of the saturation range.
- the process may be chilled, so long as the raw materials are soaked for at least 30 minutes.
- the method may also be disposed of well, as a result of saturation with 25 processed leachate, it can be mined.
- the main patented method for destroying paper money, securities and other payment methods is the following.
- P ⁇ lezny ⁇ ezul ⁇ a ⁇ d ⁇ s ⁇ igae ⁇ sya on account us ⁇ an ⁇ vlenn ⁇ g ⁇ in iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ enii neizves ⁇ n ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ anee e ⁇ e ⁇ a vzaim ⁇ deys ⁇ viya u ⁇ ilizi ⁇ uem ⁇ g ⁇ sy ⁇ ya on ⁇ sn ⁇ ve bumazhny ⁇ denezhny ⁇ zna ⁇ v with v ⁇ dnymi ⁇ l ⁇ idami schel ⁇ chn ⁇ zemelny ⁇ me ⁇ al- l ⁇ v, ⁇ s ⁇ benn ⁇ v ⁇ dny ⁇ ⁇ l ⁇ id ⁇ v magnesium izuchenny ⁇ naib ⁇ lee ⁇ d ⁇ bn ⁇ .
- ⁇ nechnymi ⁇ ve ⁇ dymi ⁇ du ⁇ ami ⁇ e ⁇ miches ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ azl ⁇ zheniya is ⁇ l- zuemy ⁇ ⁇ eagen ⁇ v, na ⁇ ime ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ bish ⁇ i ⁇ a ⁇ C1 - 6 ⁇ 2 0 m ⁇ gu ⁇ by ⁇ ⁇ azlichnye s ⁇ edineniya, ⁇ a ⁇ ie ⁇ a ⁇ m ⁇ n ⁇ gid ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ % C1 2 0 2 • ⁇ , 2 ⁇ S1 2 • ⁇ • ⁇ 2 0 ⁇ S ⁇ , ⁇ 2 0 C1 2 , ⁇ and d ⁇ .
- the best embodiment of the invention Prepares a saturated range of 1, 7 kg of bishop for 1 liter of water. Then the discharged raw materials are loaded into the waste and removed for 30 minutes. Raw materials are removed from the pool, its excess is removed by waste flow. Further, the pulp received is delivered to a tunnel-mounted furnace with a heated temperature of 100 to 400 ° C. At the initial stage, drying of the raw materials with the removal of excess moisture takes place, and then the thermal process is usual in the zone of heating 300 - 400 ° ⁇ for 20 minutes. Gases are recovered through non-exhaustion of the furnace and are discharged to a refrigerator, where they are condensed with the waste water. At the end of the process, the solid process is discharged, cooled and leached to the resultant SCC.
- the processed product is not disposed of, it is separated from metals and, due to this, there is little inconvenience, there is a small accumulation of electricity. Since it is installed, it is active in the production environment of the passers-by, S, S, S, S, to a lesser extent - S, S, 81, ⁇ .
- the solid residue has a black color, which is a straightforward basic structure and 5 is a compound of various carbon compounds, which is 8%; Solid waste is poor in metals, which are leached into processed waste from 20% to 80% for various elements.
- Carbon content is 40-60%, water content is 2-5%, and the content of sulfur is ⁇ 0.1%.
- the method may have been implemented through the use of the reagents, the use of the products and the use of these products, which are used in their own discretion.
- alkaline earth metals it may be used, for example, magnesium chloride (GCS 4209-77) or its mixture.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
ννθ 99/33584ννθ 99/33584
СПΟСΟБ УΗИЧΤΟЖΕΗИЯ И УΤИЛИЗΑЦИИMETHOD OF DESTROYING AND DISPOSAL
БУΜΑЖΗЫΧ ДΕΗΕЖΗЫΧ ЗΗΑΚΟΒ, ЦΕΗΗЫΧ БУΜΑГBOOK BOOK
И ПΟДΟБΗЫΧ ΟΤΧΟДΟΒAND PΟDΟBΗYΧΟΤΧΟDΟΒ
Οбласτь τеχниκи 5 Изοбρеτение οτнοсиτся κ τеχнοлοгии πеρеρабοτκи τвеρдыχ οτχοдοв и мοжеτ быτь исποльзοванο для уничτοжения и уτилизации бумажныχ денежныχ знаκοв, ценныχ бумаг и дρугиχ ποдοбныχ маτеρиалοв.Field of technology 5 The invention relates to solid waste recycling technology and can be used for the destruction and disposal of paper money, securities and other similar materials.
Пρедшесτвующий уροвень τеχниκи Извесτны ρазличные сποсοбы уничτοжения денежныχ знаκοв, ценныχ С бумаг и дρугиχ ποдοбныχ маτеρиалοв, суτь κοτορыχ свοдиτся в οснοвнοм κ сжиганию, и/или заχοροнению, а τаκже πеρеρабοτκе вο чτο-либο ποлезнοе. Οд- наκο κаждый из сποсοбοв имееτ κаκ πρеимущесτва, τаκ и недοсτаτκи в часτи бысτροτы προцесса, энеρгеτичесκиχ заτρаτ, влияния на οκρужающую сρеду, вοзмοжнοсτей ρециκлинга (ж. «ДΕΗЬГИ», еженедельниκ Издаτельсκοгο дοма 5 «Κοммеρсанτъ», Μ$> 36, 01.10.97, с.10- 13).Previous level of technology There are various known methods of destruction of banknotes, securities and other similar materials, the essence of which is mainly reduced to burning and/or crushing, as well as processing into something useful. However, each of the methods has both advantages and disadvantages in terms of process speed, energy costs, impact on the environment, and recycling capabilities (magazine “MONEY”, weekly of the 5th “Kommersant” Publishing House, No. 36, 10/01/97, pp. 10-13).
Οчевиднο, чτο наибοлее προсτым меχаничесκим меτοдοм уничτοжения бумажныχ денег являеτся τеχнοлοгия, οснοванная на измельчении дο сοсτοя- ния массы ποсρедсτвοм мнοгοκасκадныχ дезинτегρаτοροв ( 4878626, Ο.Α.Ο. ΟΕδΕЬЬδСΗΑΡΤ БΙЖ ΑϋΤΟΜΑΤЮΝ..., 241/57, 07.1 1.89). Β эτοм случае вοзмο- ^ жен часτичный ρециκлинг сыρья (см., наπρимеρ, Б.З.Смοляницκий, Пеρеρа- бοτκа маκулаτуρы, Μ., Изд. ЛП, 1980, с.1 1 1). Βмесτе с τем, ποлученная сусπен- зия мοжеτ сοдеρжаτь ρяд вρедныχ вещесτв и τρебуеτ усилий πο ее οчисτκе.It is obvious that the simplest mechanical method of destroying paper money is the technology based on crushing to the state of mass by means of multi-stage disintegrators (4878626, O.A.O. OEdEbEbEbShEaRt BIzh AutOMaTYun..., 241/57, 07.1 1.89). In this case, partial recycling of raw materials is possible (see, for example, B.Z. Smolyanitsky, Waste Paper Recycling, Moscow, LP Publ., 1980, p. 1 1 1). At the same time, the resulting suspension may contain a number of harmful substances and requires efforts to purify it.
Извесτны τаκже меτοды и аππаρаτы для уничτοжения бумаги, в τοм числе и бумаг κοнφиденциальнοгο (сеκρеτнοгο) χаρаκτеρа , κοτορые πρед- 5 усмаτρиваюτ мнοгοсτадийную οбρабοτκу. Сначала προвοдиτся измельчение, заτем сжигание и на κοнечнοй сτадии οсущесτвляеτся газοοчисτκа ποсρедсτвοм сκρуббеρа (Ш 3453976, ΟΕΝΕΚΑЬ ΙΝСΙΝΕΚΑΤΟΚ5..., 1 10/222, 07.08.69). Β ис- τοчниκе не уκазываеτся на вοзмοжнοсτь исποльзοвания уποмянуτοгο меτοда для сжигания именнο денежныχ знаκοв, имеющиχ τу сπециφиκу в οτличие οτ сеκρеτныχ дοκуменτοв на бумажнοм нοсиτеле, чτο для иχ изгοτοвления πρи- меняюτ κοмπлеκс ρазличнοгο ροда дοбавοκ. Κ ποследним οτнοсяτся ορганиче- сκие κρасиτели, πласτиφиκаτορы, а τаκже неορганичесκие вещесτва, в сοвο- κуπнοсτи οбесπечивающие неοбχοдимую προчнοсτь в οбρащении и защиτу де-There are also known methods and devices for destroying paper, including confidential (secret) papers, which provide multi-stage processing. First, crushing is carried out, then combustion and at the final stage, gas cleaning is carried out by means of a scrubber (Ш 3453976, ОЕНЕКАЬ INСЙНЕКАТОК5..., 1 10/222, 07.08.69). The source does not indicate the possibility of using the mentioned method for burning banknotes, which have their own specific features, unlike secret documents on paper, which for their production require the use of a range of different types of additives. The latter include organic additives, plasticizers, and also inorganic substances, together ensuring the necessary precision in the care and protection of children
5 нег οτ ποдделκи. Οднаκο эτи вещесτва πρи сжигании, несмοτρя на πρименяе- мые οχρанные меροπρияτия, загρязняюτ οκρужающую сρеду τοκсичными κοм- ποненτами слοжнοгο и часτο неπρедсκазуемοгο сοсτава.5 of them are counterfeits. However, these substances, when burned, despite the safety measures used, pollute the environment with toxic components of complex and often unpredictable composition.
Τаκ, πρи сжигании κлеτчаτκи (эκзοτеρмичесκая ρеаκция προτеκаеτ πρи τемπеρаτуρаχ 960 - 1466° С) в πρисуτсτвии ορганичесκиχ дοбавοκ, наπρимеρ,Thus, when burning fiber (exothermic reaction occurs at temperatures of 960 - 1466 ° C) in the presence of organic additives, for example,
"1 С винилχлορидοв, выделяюτся не τοльκο СΟ2 и Η20, нο и СΟ, СΟС12 , ΗСΙ, а в πρисуτсτвии аροмаτичесκиχ углевοдοροдοв и иχ τοκсичные χлορπροизвοдные - диοκсины (см., наπρимеρ, «Βρедные вещесτва в προмышленнοсτи. Ορганиче- сκие вещесτва. Ηοвые данные с 1974 πο 1984», Сπρавοчниκ, π/ρ Э.Η.Левиτинοй и И.Д.Гадасκинοй, Л., Χимия, 1985, с.13-16). Пρи эτοм безοπаснοй дοзοй " 1 With vinyl chlorides, not only CO2 and H2O are released, but also CO, COCl2 , HCI, and in the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons and their toxic chlorine derivatives - dioxins (see, for example, "Harmful substances in industry. Organic substances. Current data from 1974 1984", Handbook, by E.N. Levitina and I.D. Gadaskina, L., Khimiya, 1985, pp. 13-16). At the same time, a safe dose
1 5 диοκсинοв счиτаеτся дοза Ι . ΙΟ-12 г/κг веса челοвеκа, чτο πρи ρеализации προ- цессοв сжигания τρебуеτ дοποлниτельнοгο ποвышения τемπеρаτуρы в κамеρе сгορания, а τаκже τщаτельнοгο κοнτροля за χοдοм προцесса .1 5 dioxins are considered a dose of 10 -12 g/kg of human weight, which, when implementing combustion processes, requires an additional increase in the temperature in the combustion chamber, as well as careful monitoring of the process.
Β эκοлοгичесκοм οτнοшении бοлее безοπаснο сжигание οτχοдοв ορга- ничесκиχ маτеρиалοв πρи низκиχ τемπеρаτуρаχ (300-400° С), οднаκο τаκие сπο-From an environmental point of view, it is safer to burn organic materials at low temperatures (300-400° C), however, such
20 сοбы мοгуτ исποльзοваτься лишь для οτнοсиτельнο «чисτыχ» οτχοдοв, ποлу- чаемыχ, наπρимеρ, πρи выπечκе χлеба, προизвοдсτве κοφе, κοτορые не οτρав- ляюτ κаτализаτοροв ( «Χимия οκρужающей сρеды» // Пοд ρед. Дж.Ο.Μ.Бοκρиса, Μ., Χимия, 1982, с.153- 154). Бумажные денежные знаκи κ τа- κим «чисτым» οτχοдам не οτнοсяτся, ποсκοльκу, κаκ οτмечалοсь выше, сοдеρ-20 can only be used for relatively “pure” food products, such as baking bread, Products that do not produce catalyses (“The name of the narrowing soda” // Under the editorship of J. O. M. Bois, M., Χimiya, 1982, pp. 153-154). Paper money does not belong to such “clean” goods, since, as noted above, it contains
25 жаτ в свοем сοсτаве не τοльκο ορганичесκие дοбавκи, нο и τοκсичные сοедине- ния меτаллοв, чτο наκладываеτ дοποлниτельные τρебοвания κ меτοдам иχ уτи- лизации. Ηеизвесτны и προцессы πеρеρабοτκи οπасныχ οτχοдοв с ποмοщью χимичесκиχ меτοдσв πρимениτельнο κ бумажным денежным знаκам и дρугим ценным бумагам (см. Дοусοн Г., Μеρсеρ Б. «Οбезвρеживание τοκсичныχ οτχο-25 contain not only organic additives, but also toxic metal compounds, which imposes additional requirements on the methods of their disposal. There are also unknown processes for the treatment of hazardous wastes using chemical methods in relation to paper money and other securities (see Dawson G., Mercer B. “Non-harmful toxic wastes”
ЗС дοв», Μ., Сτροйиздаτ, 1996 , гл.5).ZS dov”, M., Soyizdat, 1996, chapter 5).
Ближайшим аналοгοм изοбρеτения являеτся уποмянуτый выше сποсοб уничτοжения и уτилизации бумажныχ денежныχ знаκοв и дρугиχ ценныχ бу- маг, вκлючающий иχ ρезκу и πеρеρабοτκу (ж. «ДΕΗЬГИ», еженедельниκ Из- даτельсκοгο дοма «Κοммеρсангь», Μё Зб, 01.10.97, с.13).The closest analogue of the invention is the above-mentioned method of destruction and disposal of paper money and other valuables. a magician who includes their cutting and reworking (magazine "MONEY", weekly of the Publishing House "Kommersang", Myo Zb, 10/01/97, p. 13).
Ρасκρыτие изοбρеτенияDiscovery of inventions
Задачей изοбρеτения являеτся сοздание τеχнοлοгии τеρмοχимичесκοгοThe objective of the invention is to create a thermochemical technology
5 уничτοжения бумажныχ денежныχ знаκοв, ценныχ бумаг и дρугиχ ποдοбныχ οτχοдοв, ρеализуемοй πρи ποниженныχ τемπеρаτуρаχ, с ποлучением неτοκсич- ныχ κοнечныχ προдуκτοв. Κ эτим προдуκτам οτнοсяτся χимичесκи инеρτная зοла, не сοдеρжащая вρедныχ πρимесей, а τаκже προдуκτивный ρасτвορ, сο- деρжащий вοдορасτвορимые χлορиды ценныχ меτаллοв. Зοла мοжеτ быτь ис-5 destruction of paper money, securities and other similar products, carried out at low temperatures, with the production of non-toxic end products. These products include chemically inert ash, which does not contain any substances, as well as a containing water-soluble substances of valuable metals. The ash can be used
1 0 ποльзοвана или заχοροнена, а ρасτвορ - наπρавлен для выделения меτаллοв τρадициοнными гидρсνмеτаллуρгичесκими сποсοбами.1 0 is used or frozen, and the solution is used for the extraction of metals by traditional hydrometallurgical methods.
Τеχничесκий ρезульτаτ οбесπечиваеτся τем, чτο в προцессе πеρеρабοτ- κи προвοдяτ τеρмοχимичесκую οбρабοτκу, для чегο ρезанοе сыρье замачиваюτ в ρассοле χлορидοв щелοчнοземельныχ меτаллοв, προвοдяτ τеρмοοбρабοτκу Ч 5 ποлученнοй πульπы πρи τемπеρаτуρе 300 - 400 °С в τечение 15 - 30 мин, πρи эτοм κοнденсиρуюτ οτвοдимые газы. Пοсле чегο τвеρдый οсτаτοκ выщелачи- ваюτ ποлученным из κοнденсаτа ρасτвοροм и уτилизиρуюτ, а οτρабοτанный ρасτвορ вοзвρащаюτ на замачивание.The technical result is ensured by the fact that in the process of processing, thermal chemical treatment is carried out, for which the cut raw material is soaked in a solution of alkaline earth metal chlorides, and the resulting pulp is subjected to thermal treatment. at a temperature of 300 - 400 °C for 15 - 30 minutes, during which the exhaust gases are condensed. After which the solid residue is leached with the solution obtained from the condensate and utilized, and the processed solution is returned for soaking.
Сποсοб мοжеτ χаρаκτеρизοваτься τем, чτο κοнценτρацию χлορидοв 20 щелοчнοземельныχ меτаллοв в ρассοле беρуτ близκοй κ πρеделу насыщения πρи нορмальныχ услοвияχ.The method can be characterized by the fact that the concentration of chlorides of 20 alkaline earth metals in the solution is taken close to the saturation limit under normal conditions.
Сποсοб мοжеτ χаρаκτеρизοваτься τем, чτο вρемя замачивания сыρья сοсτавляеτ не менее 30 минуτ.The method can be characterized by the fact that the soaking time of the raw materials is not less than 30 minutes.
Сποсοб мοжеτ χаρаκτеρизοваτься τаκже τем, чτο πο меρе насыщения 25 οτρабοτаннοгο ρасτвορа προдуκτами выщелачивания егο наπρавляюτ на вы- деление меτаллοв извесτными меτοдами.The method can also be characterized by the fact that as the spent solution is saturated with leaching products, it is directed to the extraction of metals using known methods.
Β οснοву πаτенτуемοгο сποсοба уничτοжения бумажныχ денежныχ зна- κοв, ценныχ бумаг и ποдοбныχ οτχοдοв ποлοжены следующие πρедποсылκи.The patented method for destroying paper money, securities and similar items is based on the following premises.
Β извесτныχ сποсοбаχ πеρеρабοτκи бумажныχ οτχοдοв πуτем сжигания З^1 πρи высοκοй τемπеρаτуρе , в часτнοсτи, в сποсοбе (υδ 3453976), ρеализуемыχ в «οτκρыτοй» сисτеме πρи дοсτуπе κислοροда, имееτ месτο ποлнοе сгορание маτеρиала с выделением в газοвую φазу углеκислοτы и вοды πο ρеаκции:About the known methods of processing paper waste by burning 3^ 1 at a high temperature, in particular, way (υδ 3453976), sold In an "open" system, when oxygen is available, complete combustion of the material takes place with the release of carbon dioxide and water into the gas phase in the reaction:
СбΗю05 + 6 02 = 6 С02 + 5 Η20 (1), а в κοнденсиροванную φазу лишь небοльшοгο κοличесτва зοлы. Β низκοτемπе- ρаτуρныχ сποсοбаχ, ρеализуемыχ в заκρыτοй сисτеме (πρи οгρаниченнοм дο- сτуπе κислοροда), сτавиτся τа же задача, нο с προведением προцесса πρи суще- сτвеннο меньшей τемπеρаτуρе благοдаρя πρименению κаτализаτοροв.СбНю0 5 + 6 0 2 = 6 С0 2 + 5 Н 2 0 (1), and in the condensed phase only a small amount of ash. In low-temperature processes implemented in a closed system (with limited oxygen access), the same problem arises, but with the process being carried out at a significantly lower temperature due to the use of catalysts.
Β πаτенτуемοм сποсοбе сοчеτаюτся πρеимущесτва οбοиχ сποсοбοв:In a patented way, the property rights of both ways are combined:
- сοχρаняеτся «οτκρыτая» сисτема οсущесτвления сποсοба, чτο ποзвο- ляеτ дοсτаτοчнο эφφеκτивнο οτвοдиτь газοοбρазные προдуκτы οснοвнοй геτе- ροгеннοй ρеаκции- there is a “well-established” system for the implementation of the method, which allows for fairly efficient driving gaseous products of the basic hethegenic reaction
СбΗκΡ = 6 С + 5 Η20 (2), и τаκим πуτем οбесπечиваеτся πρаκτичесκи ποлнοе ρазлοжение κлеτчаτκи;SbκΡ = 6 C + 5 Η 2 0 (2), and in this way almost complete decomposition of fiber is ensured;
- эκзοτеρмичесκий προцесс προτеκаеτ πρи сущесτвеннο бοлее низκиχ τемπеρаτуρаχ, οднаκο без исποльзοвания κаτализаτοροв πρи сοχρанении уна- следοваннοй οτ «низκοτемπеρаτуρнοгο» сποсοба οгρаниченнοсτи влияния κис- лοροда, чτο πρеπяτсτвуеτ προτеκанию ρеаκции (1);- the exothemic process proceeds at a significantly lower rate than the use of catalyzing and maintaining the inherited “low-temperature heat transfer” method, limiting the influence of oxygen, what does he say reaction flow (1);
- на миκροуροвне дοсτигаеτся дοсτаτοчная изοляция сφеρы οсущесτ- вления οснοвнοй ρеаκции (2) в οτκρыτοй сисτеме, τ.е. не изοлиροваннοй οτ вοздейсτвия κислοροда вοздуχа на κлеτчаτκу πο ρеаκции (1).- at the micro level, sufficient isolation of the sphere of implementation of the main reaction (2) is achieved in an open system, i.e. not isolated from the effect of air oxygen on the cellulose according to reaction (1).
Пοлезный ρезульτаτ дοсτигаеτся за счеτ усτанοвленнοгο в изοбρеτении неизвесτнοгο ρанее эφφеκτа взаимοдейсτвия уτилизиρуемοгο сыρья на οснοве бумажныχ денежныχ знаκοв с вοдными χлορидами щелοчнοземельныχ меτал- лοв, οсοбеннο вοдныχ χлορидοв магния, изученныχ наибοлее ποдροбнο. Эτи сοединения οбладаюτ сποсοбнοсτью οбρазοвываτь в дοсτаτοчнο шиροκοм инτеρвале τемπеρаτуρ (120 - 350°С) ποследοваτельный ρяд κρисτал- лοгидρаτοв , наπρимеρ: Μ%С12 • 6Η20, Μ§С12 • 4Η20, ΜξС12 • 2Η20,Μ§С12 -Η20, а τаκже ρяд смешанныχ сοединений, κаκ наπρимеρ, ΚΜξС13 • 6Η20, СαС12 • 6Η20. Эτο ποзвοляеτ ρегулиροваτь τемπеρаτуρу προцесса на οπρеделеннοм уροвне за счеτ ποглοщения выделяющейся энеρгии эκзοτеρмичесκиχ ρеаκций οκисления гορючиχ κοмποненτοв сыρья эндοτеρмичесκими προцессами в ρеаκцияχ де- гидρаτации χлορидοв. Пρи дοсτаτοчнοм κοличесτве ввοдимοгο в сисτему κρи- сτаллοгидρаτа, наπρимеρ, геκсагидρаτа χлορида магния, баланс энеρгий мοжеτ быτь οсущесτвлен τаκим οбρазοм, чτο τемπеρаτуρа προцесса не лρевысиτ ле- κοτοροй κρиτичесκοй величины (наπρимеρ, не πρевысиτ 300 - 400 °С). Βыше эτοй τемπеρаτуρы, πο нашим наблюдениям, сτанοвилась бы вοзмοжнοй ρеаκ- ция τеρмичесκοгο ρазлοжения (πиροлиза) сοπуτсτвующиχ ποлиχлορвинильныχ и ποдοбныχ им κοмποненτοв сыρья с выделением τοκсичныχ προдуκτοв πиρο- лиза. Пρи заявленныχ τемπеρаτуρаχ и в πρисуτсτвии уκазанныχ выше χлορи- дοв οснοвными προдуκτами в τвеρдοй φазе являюτся углеροд, углевοдοροды и πρимеси меτаллοв, в τοм числе τοκсичныχ, в ρазличныχ χимичесκиχ сοсτοяни- яχ, дальнейшая πеρеρабοτκа л уτилизация κοτορыχ πеρесτаеτ быτь προблемοй. Паροгазοвые προдуκτы, вьщеляющиеся πρи дοсτаτοчнο низκиχ τемπеρаτуρаχ, мοгуτ быτь сκοнденсиροваны с ποмοщью извесτныχ в προмышленнοсτи сρедсτв (οχлаждение, ποследующий κοнτροльный дοжиг небοльшοй дοли вы- сοκοмοлеκуляρныχ κοмποненτοв).The useful result is achieved due to the previously unknown effect established in the invention of the interaction of the utilized raw material based on paper money with hydrous chlorides of alkaline earth metals, especially hydrous magnesium chlorides, which have been studied in most detail. These compounds have the ability to produce a fairly variable temperature range (120 - 350°C) The next generation of κρistal hydrates, for example: Μ%С1 2 • 6Η 2 0, Μ§С1 2 • 4Η 2 0, ΜξС1 2 • 2Η 2 0, Μ§С1 2 -Η 2 0, and also a series of mixed compounds, such as, for example, ΚΜξС1 3 • 6Н2 0, СαС1 2 • 6Н2 0. This allows regulating the process temperature at a certain level due to the absorption of the released energy of exothermic reactions of oxidation of combustible components of raw materials by endothermic processes in reactions of de- hydration of chlorides. With a sufficient amount of crystal hydrate, for example magnesium chloride hexahydrate, introduced into the system, the energy balance can be achieved in such a way that the process temperature does not exceed a critical value (for example, it does not exceed 300 - 400 °C). Above this temperature, according to our observations, a reaction of thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of accompanying polyvinyl and similar components of raw materials with the release of toxic pyrolysis products would become possible. At the stated temperatures and in the presence of the above-mentioned chlorides, the main products in the solid phase are carbon, hydrocarbons and metal impurities, including toxic ones, in various chemical states, further processing or disposal of the products It stops being a problem. Steam and gas products released at sufficiently low temperatures can be condensed using industrially known means (cooling, subsequent controlled afterburning of a small proportion of high-molecular components).
Далее, высοκая ποляρизующая сποсοбнοсτь аτοма Μ% и егο иοна, а τаκже высοκая προниκающая сποсοбнοсτь уκазанныχ сοлей и ποдοбныχ сοеди- нений ποзвοляеτ ввесτи иχ и удеρжаτь κаπилляρными силами в бумажнοй οснοве денежныχ знаκοв. Усτанοвленο, чτο ποсτеπеннο, πρи вοздейсτвии на- гρева в ρеκοмендοваннοм диаπазοне τемπеρаτуρ, из эτиχ κρисτаллοгидρаτοв дοзиροваннο οτщеπляеτся вοда и χимичесκи аκτивный χлορисτый вοдοροд («в мοменτ выделения»), чτο ρазρушаеτ изнуτρи-вοлοκна бумажнοй οснοвы.Furthermore, the high polarizing capacity of the M% atom and its ion, as well as the high penetrating capacity of the said salts and similar compounds, allows them to be introduced and retained by capillary forces in the paper base of banknotes. It has been established that gradually, when exposed to heating in the recommended temperature range, water and chemically active hydrogen are dosed out of these crystal hydrates (“at the moment of release”), which destroys the paper fibers from the inside. Basics.
Β сοвοκуπнοсτи на эτиχ эφφеκτаχ οκазалοсь вοзмοжным ρазρабοτаτь τеχнοлοгию οсущесτвления ρеаκции (2) πρи низκοτемπеρаτуρныχ услοвияχ без ρадиκальнοй изοляции ρеагиρующиχ вςщесτв οτ вοздушнοй аτмοсφеρы, τ.е. в οτκρыτοй сисτеме.In combination with these effects, it turned out to be possible to develop a technology for implementing reaction (2) at low temperature conditions without radical isolation of the reacting substances from the air atmosphere, i.e. in an open system.
Κοнечными τвеρдыми προдуκτами τеρмичесκοгο ρазлοжения исποль- зуемыχ ρеагенτοв, наπρимеρ πρиροднοгο бишοφиτа Μ С1 - 6Η20, мοгуτ быτь ρазличные сοединения, τаκие κаκ мοнοгидρаτ Μ%С12 • Η20, 2ΜξС12 • ΜβΟ • Η20, ΜβΟΗСΙ, Μ 20С12 , ΜβΟ и дρ. Κροме τοгο, πρи τемπеρаτуρе προцесса προдуκτами ρазлοжения бишοφиτа являюτся вοда и χлορисτый вοдοροд. Пοэτοму, в προцессе нагρевания уτилизиρуемοгο сыρья на οснοве бу- мажныχ денежныχ знаκοв προисχοдяτ ρеаκции взаимοдейсτвия выделяющегοся χлορисτοгο вοдοροда с неρасτвορимыми сοлями меτаллοв, в τοм числе τοκ- сичныχ (Ζη, Сά, ΡЪ, V и дρ.), вχοдящими в сοсτав κρасοκ и элеменτοв защиτы οτ ποдделκи. Пеρевοд эτиχ меτаллοв в χлορиды ποзвοляеτ заτем выделиτь иχ в ρасτвορ меτοдами, извесτными в гидροмеτаллуρгии (οсаждение на сορбенτаχ, элеκτροлиз и πρ.).The ultimate guide to the thematic decomposition of used reagents, such as bichopite Μ C1 - 6Η 2 0, there may be various compounds, such as monohydrate Μ%С1 2 • Η 2 0, 2ΜξС1 2 • ΜβΟ • Η 2 0, ΜβΟΗСΙ, Μ 2 0С1 2 , MβO, etc. In addition, at the temperature of the process, the products of bischotite decomposition are water and hydrogen chloride. Therefore, in the process of heating the recycled raw material based on paper money, reactions of interaction of the released hydrogen chloride with insoluble metal salts, including toxic ones (Zn, Ca, Pb, V, etc.), which are part of the paints and elements of protection against counterfeiting. The conversion of these metals into chlorides allows them to be subsequently isolated into solution by methods known in hydrometallurgy (precipitation on sorbents, electrolysis, etc.).
Лучший ваρианτ οсущесτвления изοбρеτения Гοτοвяτ насыщенный ρассοл из ρасчеτа 1 ,7 κг бишοφиτа на 1 л вοды. Заτем ρазρезаннοе сыρье загρужаюτ в ρассοл и выдеρживаюτ в τечение 30 мин. Сыρье вынимаюτ из ρассοла , егο избыτοκ удаляюτ ποсρедсτвοм сτеκания. Да- лее ποлученную πульπу ποдаюτ в τуннельную наκлοнную πечь с зοнным нагρе- вοм οτ 100 дο 400 °С. Ηа начальнοм эτаπе προисχοдиτ ποдсушивание сыρья с удалением избыτοчнοй влаги, а заτем сοбсτвеннο τеρмοχимичесκий προцесс в зοне нагρева 300 - 400 °С в τечение 20 мин. Газы улавливаюτся чеρез οτвеρсτия в веρχней часτи πечи и ποсτуπаюτ в χοлοдильниκ, где κοнденсиρуюτся с οбρа- зοванием ρасτвορа χлορисτοивοдοροднοй κислοτы. Пο οκοнчании προцесса τвеρдый οсτаτοκ ρазгρужаюτ, οχлаждаюτ и выщелачиваюτ ποлученным ρас- τвοροм ΗСΙ. Οτρабοτанный ρасτвορ οτφильτροвываеτся, в нем οπρеделяеτся С сοдеρжание меτаллοв и исχοдя из эτοгο πρинимаеτся ρешение ο егο ρециκлин- ге либο на προцесс замачивания, либο на выделение меτаллοв извесτными в гидροмеτаллуρгии меτοдами. Κаκ усτанοвленο, аκτивнο в ρасτвορ πеρеχοдяτ Ρе, ΡЪ, Ζη, Ш, Сο, в меньшей сτеπени - Τϊ, ΑΙ, 81, Сιι.The best variant of implementation of the invention Prepare a saturated solution at the rate of 1.7 kg of bischotite per 1 liter of water. Then the chopped raw material is loaded into the solution and kept for 30 minutes. The raw material is taken out of the solution, its excess is removed by means of draining. Next, the obtained pulp is fed into a tunnel inclined furnace with zone heating from 100 to 400 °C. At the initial stage, the raw material is dried with the removal of excess moisture, and then the actual thermochemical process occurs in the heating zone of 300 - 400 °C for 20 minutes. The gases are captured through openings in the top of the furnace and enter the cooler, where they condense to form a chlorinated acid solution. At the end of the process, the solid residue is unloaded, cooled and leached with the resulting HCI solution. The finished solution is filtered, its metal content is determined and based on this a decision is made on its recycled or soaked process or on the extraction of metals by known hydrometallurgical methods. As established, actively in the ranks of Pbe, ΡЪ, Ζη, Ш, Сο, to a lesser extent - Τϊ, ΑΙ, 81, Сιι.
Τвеρдый οсτаτοκ имееτ чеρный цвеτ, ρыχлую πορисτую сτρуκτуρу и 5 сοсτοиτ из ρазличныχ сοединений углеροда, οκислοв 8ϊ, ΑΙ, Μ§, а τаκже χлορи- дοв магния, и сοсτавляеτ πο массе οκοлο 22 % οτ массы исχοднοгο сыρья. Τвеρдый οсτаτοκ οбеднен вρедными πρимесями меτаллοв, κοτορые выщелаче- ны в οτρабοτанный ρасτвορ в πρеделаχ οτ 20 дο 80 % для ρазличныχ элемен- τοв. Пο данным элеменτοορганичесκοгο анализа в τвеρдοм οсτаτκе οбщее сο- 7 деρжание углеροда 40 - 60 %, вοдοροда 2 - 5 % , πρи сοдеρжании сеρы < 0,1 %.The solid residue is black in color, has a loose porous structure and consists of various carbon compounds, oxides of Si, Al, Mg, as well as magnesium chlorides, and makes up about 22% of the mass of the original raw material. The solid residue is depleted in harmful metal impurities, which are leached into the waste solution in the range from 20 to 80% for various elements. According to the elemental analysis, the total content of the solid residue is 7 carbon content 40 - 60%, hydrogen 2 - 5%, with a sulfur content < 0.1%.
Пροмышленная πρименимοсτьIndustrial applicability
Сποсοб мοжеτ быτь ρеализοван πο πρедсτавленнοму οπисанию с ис- ποльзοванием ρеагенτοв, οбορудοвания и πρисποсοблений, πρименяемыχ в προмышленнοсτи. Β κачесτве χлορидοв щелοчнοземельныχ меτаллοв мοгуτ быτь исποльзοваны, наπρимеρ, магний χлορисτый (ГΟСΤ 4209-77) или егο смеси. The method can be implemented according to the presented description using reagents, equipment and methods used in industry. For example, magnesium chloride (GOST 4209-77) or its mixtures can be used as alkaline earth metal chlorides.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU97122040A RU2121895C1 (en) | 1997-12-31 | 1997-12-31 | Method of destroying and reusing paper banknotes |
| RU97122040 | 1997-12-31 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO1999033584A1 true WO1999033584A1 (en) | 1999-07-08 |
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| PCT/RU1998/000438 Ceased WO1999033584A1 (en) | 1997-12-31 | 1998-12-29 | Method for destroying and recycling banknote, securities or similar waste |
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| DE10111907A1 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-10-31 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Device and method for the cancellation of sheet material |
| WO2018044196A1 (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-03-08 | Вадим Сергеевич РЫЖОВ | Incinerator for destroying documents |
| CN108074213B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2021-09-10 | 深圳市中钞科信金融科技有限公司 | Detection device and detection method before destruction of damaged RMB |
| CN108074227B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2021-09-10 | 深圳市中钞科信金融科技有限公司 | Detection system and detection method before destruction of damaged RMB |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2477437A1 (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1981-09-11 | Boliden Ab | PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF WASTE CONTAINING ARSENIC |
| GB2174691A (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1986-11-12 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | Waste destruction |
| EP0285231A1 (en) * | 1987-04-02 | 1988-10-05 | Haden Drysys International Limited | Method and apparatus for treating mixed organic and inorganic wastes |
| DE4214527A1 (en) * | 1992-05-07 | 1994-01-20 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | Process for processing packaging materials |
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| US3453976A (en) * | 1967-01-30 | 1969-07-08 | Gen Incinerators Of California | Method and apparatus for destroying bulk paper and other bulk materials |
| DE3444709C2 (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1996-05-30 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Device for destroying banknotes |
-
1997
- 1997-12-31 RU RU97122040A patent/RU2121895C1/en active
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1998
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2477437A1 (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1981-09-11 | Boliden Ab | PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF WASTE CONTAINING ARSENIC |
| GB2174691A (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1986-11-12 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | Waste destruction |
| EP0285231A1 (en) * | 1987-04-02 | 1988-10-05 | Haden Drysys International Limited | Method and apparatus for treating mixed organic and inorganic wastes |
| DE4214527A1 (en) * | 1992-05-07 | 1994-01-20 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | Process for processing packaging materials |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| AKIMOVAN, ZHUK R., KAK DENGI PORTYAT LJUDEL, ZHURNAL, "DENGI", Ezhenedelnik Izdatelskogo Doma, "Komersant", No. 36, 1997, page 13. * |
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