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WO1999018810A1 - A method for producing animal food containing a colour pigment - Google Patents

A method for producing animal food containing a colour pigment Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999018810A1
WO1999018810A1 PCT/NL1998/000555 NL9800555W WO9918810A1 WO 1999018810 A1 WO1999018810 A1 WO 1999018810A1 NL 9800555 W NL9800555 W NL 9800555W WO 9918810 A1 WO9918810 A1 WO 9918810A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
organism
micro
starch
colour pigment
animal food
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NL1998/000555
Other languages
French (fr)
Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Matt Kouzeh
Johannes Jacobus Laros
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PENTA PARTICIPATIEMAATSCHAPPIJ BV
Original Assignee
PENTA PARTICIPATIEMAATSCHAPPIJ BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PENTA PARTICIPATIEMAATSCHAPPIJ BV filed Critical PENTA PARTICIPATIEMAATSCHAPPIJ BV
Priority to AU91909/98A priority Critical patent/AU9190998A/en
Publication of WO1999018810A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999018810A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/22—Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/179—Colouring agents, e.g. pigmenting or dyeing agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23N17/005—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs for shaping by moulding, extrusion, pressing, e.g. pellet-mills
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P23/00—Preparation of compounds containing a cyclohexene ring having an unsaturated side chain containing at least ten carbon atoms bound by conjugated double bonds, e.g. carotenes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing animal food, in particular fish food, which contains a colour pigment, for example astaxanthine .
  • WO 88/08025 discloses a method of this kind, wherein a yeast cell, in particular a mutant of Phaffia Rhodozyma, produces the red pigment astaxanthine, which pigment is added to animal food, in particular to food for anadromous fishes, such as salmon and trout. Such fishes obtain an attractive, red colour by consuming food which contains astaxanthine.
  • Another object of the invention is to obtain a product which can be added to animal food, which product contains a colour pigment and which contributes to the nutritional value, and which furthermore has a binding effect on the animal food when being processed into pellets or other chunks of solid material.
  • a material which is rich in starch is used as a nutrient medium for the micro- organism during the production of the colour pigment, after which the starch-rich material, insofar as it has not been consumed by the micro-organism, is added to the animal food together with the pigment thus produced.
  • the colour pigment is for example astaxanthine.
  • the invention can also be implemented with other pigments, the present disclosure will be based on the use of astaxanthine.
  • Astaxanthine is thereby produced by cultivating the respective micro-organism, preferably Phaffia Rhodozyma, with a component of the animal food as a nutrient medium.
  • Said nutrient medium is a starch-rich material, which has for example been produced from potatoes or tapioca, but it is preferred to use a starch-rich material produced from a cereal, for example maize, wheat, barley, oats, rye or rice.
  • the starch-rich material which is a component of the 5 animal food as well as the nutrient medium on which the micro-organism produces the astaxanthine, is preferably produced by milling husked and/or germinated grains into flour and subsequently cooking said flour by adding moisture and subjecting it to a heat treatment.
  • the astaxanthine is not separately produced and added to the food, therefore, but it is added to the animal food, together with its nutrient medium, after production.
  • the starch-rich material which both constitutes a component of the animal food and functions as a nutrient medium, may furthermore function as a binder upon processing of the food into pellets or chunks, that is, into the eventual shape of the animal food.
  • the pellets preferably have a dimension of 1 - 20 mm.
  • the method constitutes a considerable simplification in comparison with what is usual, since it is not necessary to separate the astaxanthine and the nutrient medium after the production of said pigment. Both components are added to the animal food, and that simultaneously so.
  • the action of the pigment is enhanced by treating cells of the microorganism in such a manner that they are broken open. This may take place by first exposing the cells to a high air pressure and subsequently reducing said pressure. Also known mechanical treatments, such as a milling operation, may be used for breaking the cells open.
  • the micro-organism is added to the material after the starch-rich material has been subjected to a heat treatment, after which the micro-organism is enabled to produce astaxanthine.
  • a heat treatment after which the micro-organism is enabled to produce astaxanthine.
  • This may take a few days, whereby the material is maintained at a suitable temperature, and kept in motion, at least from time to time, for example in a rotating drum.
  • Suitable treatments wherein especially the humidity level, the temperature, the carbon dioxide content and the oxygen content are important, are extensively described in WO 88/08025.
  • the amount of starch-rich material on which the microorganism is planted is for example such that 5 - 50% thereof is used up during the production of the astaxanthine .
  • the starch-rich material is cooked by extruding it while heating, after moisture has been added, after which the micro-organism which is capable of producing astaxanthine is added before cooling takes place, and the material is maintained at a suitable temperature and under suitable conditions for some time for producing the astaxanthine.
  • the heat which is present upon extrusion is thereby used for producing the astaxanthine.
  • the material is not cooled completely, so that it need not be heated to the temperature at which an optimum production of astaxanthine takes place.
  • the starch-rich material is cut into slices thereby, in a direction substantially transversely to the extrusion direction, directly after leaving the extrusion nozzle, in order to form pieces of material on which the micro-organism is planted.
  • said slices have a thickness of less than 1 mm, more preferably less than 0.5 mm.
  • the micro-organism After the micro-organism has produced a sufficient amount of astaxanthine, it can be made inactive, for example by means of a heat treatment or by adding a chemical substance which makes the micro-organism inactive. Effective means are known for making the micro-organism inactive.
  • the starch-rich material which has served as a nutrient medium for the micro-organism is milled together with said micro-organism and the astaxanthine that has been produced, so that a substantially homogeneous, powdery product containing cooked, starch- rich material, astaxanthine and residue of the micro- organism is obtained, which product is intended for being added to animal food, in particular fish food.
  • the material may be subjected to a drying process before being milled.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a device for producing a product to be used in animal food, which device comprises an extruder for cooking a starch-rich material and form it into a coherent mass, and means for cutting the material coming out of the extrusion nozzle into slices, and which furthermore comprises means for adding a micro-organism to the starch-rich material that has been cut into slices.
  • Said device is suitable for carrying out the method disclosed herein.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a product consisting of a package containing astaxanthine and a starch-rich material, which has served as a nutrient medium for a micro-organism which has produced the astaxanthine, which contents have been milled into a powder.
  • the package transmits light to a limited degree only, and/or its contents do not contain oxygen, or only very little, so that the shelf life of the astaxanthine will be prolonged.
  • Figure 1 serves to explain a so-called wet procedure
  • Figure 2 serves to explain a so-called dry procedure.
  • Maize flour present in a storage hopper 1 is added to a pre-conditioner, wherein the raw material is prepared while adding water and steam. Then the prepared raw material (maize flour) is supplied to extruder 3. In said extruder 3, the raw material is cooked while adding water and steam, applying friction and increasing the temperature, for example to 115 degrees Celsius.
  • the material is then carried to a mixer 4, wherein a homogeneous material is formed by means of a stirring apparatus while adding water, and possibly acid and nutrients, and reducing the temperature, which material is subsequently supplied to forming extruder 5.
  • the temperature in forming extruder 5 is lower than in extruder 3 , and the material is kneaded and compacted therein (that is, the air it contains is removed) .
  • the micro-organism, Phaffia Rhodozyma in this embodiment is added to said forming extruder 5.
  • the material is cut into thin slices having a thickness of less than 0.5 mm upon exiting forming extruder 5, as a result of which the material has a shape which is - excellently suited for functioning as a nutrient medium for the micro-organism.
  • the humidity level and the temperature of the material upon exiting from extruder 5 may be adjusted so that the conditions of the material being charged to reactor 6 are suitable for the production of astaxanthine by the micro-organism.
  • the material that is supplied to reactor 6 remains therein for a few days under predetermined temperature, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide content and humidity level conditions, so that the desired amount of astaxanthine is produced. Then the material is led to dryer 7, wherein the micro-organism is made inactive by increasing the temperature. Moisture is evaporated until a stable, dry material is obtained, which material is then supplied to milling device 8 for a final milling operation, whereby the end product in the form of a powder is obtained by means of mechanical energy. Said end product can be packed light-tight and air-tight, and be offered for being added to fish food.
  • Said end product is a binder, which makes it possible to bind the fish food into chunks, a source of nutrient substances (digestible hydrocarbons and proteins) , as well as a colouring pigment.
  • Embodiment II (dry procedure) :
  • the starting material used in this embodiment is precooked maize flour, which is commercially available under the name of Suprex Corn.
  • Said pre-cooked maize flour is supplied from storage hopper 11 to a mixer 12, wherein a homogeneous material is formed by means of a stirring apparatus while adding water, and possibly acid and nutrients, and adapting the temperature, which material is subsequently supplied to forming extruder 13.
  • the material is kneaded and compacted therein (that is, the air it contains is removed) .
  • the micro-organism, Phaffia Rhodozyma in this embodiment is added to said forming extruder 13.
  • the material is cut into thin slices having a thickness of less than 0.5 mm upon exiting forming extruder 13, as a result of which the material has a shape which is excellently suited for functioning as a nutrient medium for the micro-organism.
  • the material is supplied to reactor 14, so that the material need not be heated to the temperature which is suitable for the production of astaxanthine by the micro-organism.
  • the material that is supplied to reactor 14 remains therein for a few days under predetermined temperature, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide content and humidity level conditions, so that the desired amount of astaxanthine is produced. Then the material is led to dryer 15, wherein the micro-organism is made inactive by increasing the temperature. Moisture is evaporated until a stable, dry material is obtained, which material is then supplied to milling device 16 for a final milling operation, whereby the end product in the form of a powder is obtained by means of mechanical energy. Said end product can be packed light-tight and air-tight, and be offered for being added to fish food.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

A method for producing animal food which contains a colour pigment, wherein a colour pigment which has been produced by a microorganism is added to the animal food. A material which is rich in starch is used as a nutrient medium for the microorganism during the production of the colour pigment. Then the starch-rich material, insofar as it has not been consumed by the microorganism, is added to the animal food together with the pigment thus produced.

Description

A METHOD FOR PRODUCING ANIMAL FOOD CONTAINING A COLOUR PIGMENT
The invention relates to a method for producing animal food, in particular fish food, which contains a colour pigment, for example astaxanthine .
WO 88/08025 discloses a method of this kind, wherein a yeast cell, in particular a mutant of Phaffia Rhodozyma, produces the red pigment astaxanthine, which pigment is added to animal food, in particular to food for anadromous fishes, such as salmon and trout. Such fishes obtain an attractive, red colour by consuming food which contains astaxanthine.
It is known that the red colour of the meat of anadromous fishes such as salmon and sea trout comes from astaxanthine which is present in the food which the fishes in question consume. In their natural environment, said fishes obtain their red colour by eating crustaceans and other organisms which contain astaxanthine. When fish are bred, for example in so-called fish farms, the fish do not have access to the said natural astaxanthine sources, and they will not obtain the attractive red colour, unless the red astaxanthine is added to their food.
In order to add to the desired amount of astaxanthine to the food, said pigment will have to be produced in sufficient quantities, which involves a costly and complicated process. The manners in which the pigment astaxanthine can be produced by means of a microorganism, for example Phaffia Rhodozyma, are described in detail in the aforesaid WO 88/08025. The astaxanthine which has been produced, or the dried cell material which contains astaxanthine, can subsequently be added to the food.
It is an object of the invention to provide a method for producing animal food containing a colour pigment, which method is less costly and simpler than existing methods, and wherein said pigment is produced in an efficient manner and wherein said pigment can be added to the food in sufficient quantities.
Another object of the invention is to obtain a product which can be added to animal food, which product contains a colour pigment and which contributes to the nutritional value, and which furthermore has a binding effect on the animal food when being processed into pellets or other chunks of solid material.
According to the invention, a material which is rich in starch is used as a nutrient medium for the micro- organism during the production of the colour pigment, after which the starch-rich material, insofar as it has not been consumed by the micro-organism, is added to the animal food together with the pigment thus produced.
The colour pigment is for example astaxanthine. Although the invention can also be implemented with other pigments, the present disclosure will be based on the use of astaxanthine.
Astaxanthine is thereby produced by cultivating the respective micro-organism, preferably Phaffia Rhodozyma, with a component of the animal food as a nutrient medium. Said nutrient medium is a starch-rich material, which has for example been produced from potatoes or tapioca, but it is preferred to use a starch-rich material produced from a cereal, for example maize, wheat, barley, oats, rye or rice.
The starch-rich material, which is a component of the 5 animal food as well as the nutrient medium on which the micro-organism produces the astaxanthine, is preferably produced by milling husked and/or germinated grains into flour and subsequently cooking said flour by adding moisture and subjecting it to a heat treatment.
The astaxanthine is not separately produced and added to the food, therefore, but it is added to the animal food, together with its nutrient medium, after production. The starch-rich material, which both constitutes a component of the animal food and functions as a nutrient medium, may furthermore function as a binder upon processing of the food into pellets or chunks, that is, into the eventual shape of the animal food. The pellets preferably have a dimension of 1 - 20 mm.
The method constitutes a considerable simplification in comparison with what is usual, since it is not necessary to separate the astaxanthine and the nutrient medium after the production of said pigment. Both components are added to the animal food, and that simultaneously so.
As described in the aforesaid WO 88/08205, the action of the pigment is enhanced by treating cells of the microorganism in such a manner that they are broken open. This may take place by first exposing the cells to a high air pressure and subsequently reducing said pressure. Also known mechanical treatments, such as a milling operation, may be used for breaking the cells open.
Preferably, the micro-organism is added to the material after the starch-rich material has been subjected to a heat treatment, after which the micro-organism is enabled to produce astaxanthine. This may take a few days, whereby the material is maintained at a suitable temperature, and kept in motion, at least from time to time, for example in a rotating drum. Suitable treatments, wherein especially the humidity level, the temperature, the carbon dioxide content and the oxygen content are important, are extensively described in WO 88/08025. The amount of starch-rich material on which the microorganism is planted is for example such that 5 - 50% thereof is used up during the production of the astaxanthine .
Preferably, the starch-rich material is cooked by extruding it while heating, after moisture has been added, after which the micro-organism which is capable of producing astaxanthine is added before cooling takes place, and the material is maintained at a suitable temperature and under suitable conditions for some time for producing the astaxanthine. The heat which is present upon extrusion is thereby used for producing the astaxanthine. Following said extrusion, the material is not cooled completely, so that it need not be heated to the temperature at which an optimum production of astaxanthine takes place.
Preferably, the starch-rich material is cut into slices thereby, in a direction substantially transversely to the extrusion direction, directly after leaving the extrusion nozzle, in order to form pieces of material on which the micro-organism is planted. Preferably, said slices have a thickness of less than 1 mm, more preferably less than 0.5 mm. Thus, it is possible in an effective manner to give the cooked, starch-rich material a form which makes it quite suitable for use as a nutrient medium for the micro-organism.
After the micro-organism has produced a sufficient amount of astaxanthine, it can be made inactive, for example by means of a heat treatment or by adding a chemical substance which makes the micro-organism inactive. Effective means are known for making the micro-organism inactive.
Preferably, the starch-rich material which has served as a nutrient medium for the micro-organism is milled together with said micro-organism and the astaxanthine that has been produced, so that a substantially homogeneous, powdery product containing cooked, starch- rich material, astaxanthine and residue of the micro- organism is obtained, which product is intended for being added to animal food, in particular fish food. The material may be subjected to a drying process before being milled.
Also the cells of the micro-organism are broken open by the milling operation, as a result of which the colouring effect of the astaxanthine can be considerably enhanced.
The invention furthermore relates to a device for producing a product to be used in animal food, which device comprises an extruder for cooking a starch-rich material and form it into a coherent mass, and means for cutting the material coming out of the extrusion nozzle into slices, and which furthermore comprises means for adding a micro-organism to the starch-rich material that has been cut into slices. Said device is suitable for carrying out the method disclosed herein.
The invention furthermore relates to a product consisting of a package containing astaxanthine and a starch-rich material, which has served as a nutrient medium for a micro-organism which has produced the astaxanthine, which contents have been milled into a powder. Preferably, the package transmits light to a limited degree only, and/or its contents do not contain oxygen, or only very little, so that the shelf life of the astaxanthine will be prolonged.
In order to more fully explain the invention, two embodiments of a method for producing a product which can be added to fish food will be described hereafter.
Figure 1 serves to explain a so-called wet procedure; and Figure 2 serves to explain a so-called dry procedure.
The steps of the method as described in the examples are known per se, as is the apparatus used thereby, so that a brief explanation will suffice.
Embodiment I (wet procedure) :
Maize flour present in a storage hopper 1 is added to a pre-conditioner, wherein the raw material is prepared while adding water and steam. Then the prepared raw material (maize flour) is supplied to extruder 3. In said extruder 3, the raw material is cooked while adding water and steam, applying friction and increasing the temperature, for example to 115 degrees Celsius.
The material is then carried to a mixer 4, wherein a homogeneous material is formed by means of a stirring apparatus while adding water, and possibly acid and nutrients, and reducing the temperature, which material is subsequently supplied to forming extruder 5. The temperature in forming extruder 5 is lower than in extruder 3 , and the material is kneaded and compacted therein (that is, the air it contains is removed) . Also the micro-organism, Phaffia Rhodozyma in this embodiment, is added to said forming extruder 5.
The material is cut into thin slices having a thickness of less than 0.5 mm upon exiting forming extruder 5, as a result of which the material has a shape which is - excellently suited for functioning as a nutrient medium for the micro-organism. In addition, the humidity level and the temperature of the material upon exiting from extruder 5 may be adjusted so that the conditions of the material being charged to reactor 6 are suitable for the production of astaxanthine by the micro-organism.
The material that is supplied to reactor 6 remains therein for a few days under predetermined temperature, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide content and humidity level conditions, so that the desired amount of astaxanthine is produced. Then the material is led to dryer 7, wherein the micro-organism is made inactive by increasing the temperature. Moisture is evaporated until a stable, dry material is obtained, which material is then supplied to milling device 8 for a final milling operation, whereby the end product in the form of a powder is obtained by means of mechanical energy. Said end product can be packed light-tight and air-tight, and be offered for being added to fish food.
Said end product is a binder, which makes it possible to bind the fish food into chunks, a source of nutrient substances (digestible hydrocarbons and proteins) , as well as a colouring pigment.
Embodiment II (dry procedure) :
The starting material used in this embodiment is precooked maize flour, which is commercially available under the name of Suprex Corn. Said pre-cooked maize flour is supplied from storage hopper 11 to a mixer 12, wherein a homogeneous material is formed by means of a stirring apparatus while adding water, and possibly acid and nutrients, and adapting the temperature, which material is subsequently supplied to forming extruder 13. The material is kneaded and compacted therein (that is, the air it contains is removed) . Also the micro-organism, Phaffia Rhodozyma in this embodiment, is added to said forming extruder 13.
The material is cut into thin slices having a thickness of less than 0.5 mm upon exiting forming extruder 13, as a result of which the material has a shape which is excellently suited for functioning as a nutrient medium for the micro-organism. Before cooling of the material takes place, the material is supplied to reactor 14, so that the material need not be heated to the temperature which is suitable for the production of astaxanthine by the micro-organism.
The material that is supplied to reactor 14 remains therein for a few days under predetermined temperature, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide content and humidity level conditions, so that the desired amount of astaxanthine is produced. Then the material is led to dryer 15, wherein the micro-organism is made inactive by increasing the temperature. Moisture is evaporated until a stable, dry material is obtained, which material is then supplied to milling device 16 for a final milling operation, whereby the end product in the form of a powder is obtained by means of mechanical energy. Said end product can be packed light-tight and air-tight, and be offered for being added to fish food.

Claims

1. A method for producing animal food which contains a colour pigment, wherein a colour pigment which has been produced by a micro-organism is added to the animal food, characterized in that a material which is rich in starch is used as a nutrient medium for the micro-organism during the production of the colour pigment, after which the starch-rich material, insofar as it has not been consumed by the microorganism, is added to the animal food together with the pigment thus produced.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said colour pigment is astaxanthine.
3. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that material which is rich in starch is produced by milling husked and/or germinated grains into flour and subsequently cooking said flour by adding moisture and subjecting it to a heat treatment .
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the micro-organism is added to the material after the starch-rich material has been subjected to said heat treatment, after which the micro-organism is enabled to produce said colour pigment .
5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the micro-organism is made inactive once a sufficient amount of the colour pigment has been formed.
6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the residue of the starch-rich material which has served as a nutrient medium for the micro-organism is milled together with the colour pigment that has been produced by said micro-organism, so that a substantially homogeneous, powdery product containing cooked, starch-rich material, colour pigment and residue of the micro- organism is obtained, which product is intended for being added to animal food.
7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said animal food is fish food.
8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said micro-organism is a mutant of Phaffia Rhodozyma.
9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said starch-rich material is cooked by extruding it while heating, after moisture has been added, after which the micro- organism which is capable of producing said colour pigment is added before cooling takes place, and the material is maintained at a suitable temperature and under suitable conditions for some time for producing said colour pigment .
10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the starch-rich material is cut into slices thereby, in a direction substantially transversely to the extrusion direction, directly after leaving the extrusion nozzle, in order to form pieces of material on which the micro-organism is planted.
11. A method according to any one of the claims 3 - 10, characterized in that said grains are maize grains.
12. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said animal food is compressed into pellets or chunks under the binding action of said starch-rich material.
13. A device for producing a product to be used in animal food, said device comprising an extruder for cooking a starch-rich material and form it into a coherent mass, means for cutting the material coming out of the extrusion nozzle into slices, and furthermore means for adding a micro- organism to the starch-rich material that has been cut into slices.
14. A product consisting of a package containing a colour pigment and a starch-rich material, which has served as a nutrient medium for a microorganism which has produced said colour pigment, which contents have been milled into a powder.
15. A product according to claim 14, characterized in that said colour pigment is astaxanthine.
PCT/NL1998/000555 1997-10-09 1998-09-25 A method for producing animal food containing a colour pigment Ceased WO1999018810A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU91909/98A AU9190998A (en) 1997-10-09 1998-09-25 A method for producing animal food containing a colour pigment

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1007240A NL1007240C2 (en) 1997-10-09 1997-10-09 Method of manufacturing animal feed containing a color pigment.
NL1007240 1997-10-09

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WO1999018810A1 true WO1999018810A1 (en) 1999-04-22

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PCT/NL1998/000555 Ceased WO1999018810A1 (en) 1997-10-09 1998-09-25 A method for producing animal food containing a colour pigment

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Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4418081A (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-11-29 The Quaker Oats Company Natural red coloring prepared from an oat substrate
JPS63148981A (en) * 1986-12-12 1988-06-21 Nissho Denzai Kk Cultivation medium substance for germs
WO1988008025A1 (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-10-20 Danisco Bioteknologi A/S Astaxanthin-producing yeast cells, methods for their preparation and their use
JPS6471474A (en) * 1987-09-11 1989-03-16 Japan Maize Prod Granular gelatinized starch and preparation thereof
US4997765A (en) * 1988-07-29 1991-03-05 Nutrition 21 Microorganism growth acceleration
EP0425007A1 (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-05-02 Unilever N.V. Improvements in and relating to supported lactic acid bacteria cultures
EP0425213A2 (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-05-02 Bocm Pauls Limited Dry solid compositions containing lipid
WO1991006292A1 (en) * 1989-11-02 1991-05-16 Danochemo A/S Process of preparing a water dispersible hydrophobic or aerophilic solid
EP0454024A2 (en) * 1990-04-23 1991-10-30 Burns Philp Food Inc. A process for producing astaxanthin in phaffia rhodozyma

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4418081A (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-11-29 The Quaker Oats Company Natural red coloring prepared from an oat substrate
JPS63148981A (en) * 1986-12-12 1988-06-21 Nissho Denzai Kk Cultivation medium substance for germs
WO1988008025A1 (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-10-20 Danisco Bioteknologi A/S Astaxanthin-producing yeast cells, methods for their preparation and their use
JPS6471474A (en) * 1987-09-11 1989-03-16 Japan Maize Prod Granular gelatinized starch and preparation thereof
US4997765A (en) * 1988-07-29 1991-03-05 Nutrition 21 Microorganism growth acceleration
EP0425007A1 (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-05-02 Unilever N.V. Improvements in and relating to supported lactic acid bacteria cultures
EP0425213A2 (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-05-02 Bocm Pauls Limited Dry solid compositions containing lipid
WO1991006292A1 (en) * 1989-11-02 1991-05-16 Danochemo A/S Process of preparing a water dispersible hydrophobic or aerophilic solid
EP0454024A2 (en) * 1990-04-23 1991-10-30 Burns Philp Food Inc. A process for producing astaxanthin in phaffia rhodozyma

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
B. YONGSMITH ET AL.: "Culture conditions for yellow pigment formation by Monascus sp. KB 10 grown on cassava medium", WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 9, no. 1, 1993, GB, pages 85 - 90, XP002067985 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8830, Derwent World Patents Index; Class D16, AN 88-210701, XP002067367 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8917, Derwent World Patents Index; Class D13, AN 89-125933, XP002067368 *

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AU9190998A (en) 1999-05-03
NL1007240C2 (en) 1999-04-27

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