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WO1999014844A1 - Procede d'optimisation de puissance de blocs d'alimentation a decoupage, et bloc d'alimentation a decoupage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede - Google Patents

Procede d'optimisation de puissance de blocs d'alimentation a decoupage, et bloc d'alimentation a decoupage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999014844A1
WO1999014844A1 PCT/AT1998/000208 AT9800208W WO9914844A1 WO 1999014844 A1 WO1999014844 A1 WO 1999014844A1 AT 9800208 W AT9800208 W AT 9800208W WO 9914844 A1 WO9914844 A1 WO 9914844A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transformer
current
choke
magnetic field
input
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AT1998/000208
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Croce
Günther Danhofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU89640/98A priority Critical patent/AU8964098A/en
Priority to DE29824172U priority patent/DE29824172U1/de
Publication of WO1999014844A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999014844A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/40—Means for preventing magnetic saturation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC

Definitions

  • Power supplies are necessary for the supply of electronic devices which derive one or more DC or AC voltages of the appropriate size from the AC network.
  • the voltage translation and the mostly required galvanic isolation from the network are taken over by a transformer.
  • such network transformers can only be reduced in volume and weight to a limited extent, which is why such power supplies do not meet today's miniaturization requirements.
  • the relatively high power loss requires the use of large heat sinks, which further increases the total volume and weight of the power supplies.
  • switched-mode power supplies in which the mains voltage is rectified and screened and then "chopped" with a relatively high frequency.
  • the disadvantages of conventional power supplies with 50 Hz transformers can be greatly reduced, since the higher frequencies Voltages can be translated with much higher efficiency, which results in switching power supplies that have a significantly lower volume and weight than conventional power supplies.
  • the working area is usually chosen to be so small for safety reasons that it is highly unlikely that saturation will occur.
  • the current in the primary winding of the transformer would in fact have impermissibly high values.
  • a certain residual magnetism can build up when the control is not completely symmetrical, which is equivalent to a zero point shift. Because of this shift, the distance decreases on one side of the magnetization characteristic for core saturation, which is why the safety margin is chosen even larger. Due to the core saturation on the one hand and the remanence on the other hand, only a part of the possible work area is used for safety reasons.
  • the transformer is therefore not optimally used for the desired output power, but rather oversized, or the power yield achieved in a switched-mode power supply with a transformer of a certain size will be very low.
  • the circuit according to US Pat. No. 4,553,198 A aims to control the transformer as symmetrically as possible by detecting the primary-side current.
  • No. 4,939,633 A also shows the regulation of a symmetrical current load on the primary winding of the transformer, the primary-side current of the transformer being detected with the aid of a magnetic sensor in its own magnetic core.
  • the self-oscillating circuits according to US 4,395,751 A and US 4,519,023 A in which the transistors are controlled via their own load current via an auxiliary winding, good control symmetry of the transformer can be achieved.
  • the object of the invention is to provide measures by means of which the power yield of switching power supplies with transformers can be increased. The usual over-dimensioning of the transformers or chokes in switching power supplies is to be avoided in this way.
  • the object of the invention is achieved in that the current magnetic field in the transformer or in the choke is measured, and in that at least one parameter of the input voltage U e or of the input current I is used to regulate the magnetic field for the purpose of preventing saturation of the transformer or the choke e is changed depending on the current magnetic field.
  • the air gap in the core of the transformer or the choke which is necessary in particular in the case of forward converters and which serves to counteract possible residual magnetization, can be eliminated. This reduces the leakage losses and the magnetic resistance, which means that increased performance can be achieved.
  • the method according to the invention can be improved in that the primary current I p of the transformer or the inductor is measured and that the primary current I p of the transformer or the inductor is used to regulate the magnetic field of the transformer or the inductor. Since the relationship between the primary current I p and the magnetic field changes due to the non-linear relationship outside of specified conditions, the core saturation can be recognized more accurately, faster and more reliably by recording both parameters.
  • the switching times ti, t 2 of the input voltage U e or the input current l e are dependent on the current one Magnetic field in the transformer or the choke changed.
  • the control of the switching times is a simple and quick way.
  • the switching frequency f of the input voltage U e or the input current L can also be changed as a function of the current magnetic field.
  • the amplitude of the input voltage U e or the input current L can also be changed as a function of the current magnetic field in the transformer or the inductor and thus also the output voltage U a or the output current I a independently of the respective load conditions at the output of the switching power supply and without the risk of core saturation.
  • a corresponding counter-magnetization in the transformer or the choke to eliminate the remanence is caused by a corresponding change in the parameters of the input voltage Ue or the input current le.
  • This is particularly necessary in the case of switched-mode power supplies which operate on the principle of the single-ended converter in order to prevent residual magnetism (zero point shift) and consequently saturation.
  • the residual magnetism can be reduced simply by changing the duty cycle of the switching times tj, t 2 of the input voltage U e or the input current L.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a switching power supply for carrying out the above-mentioned method for performance optimization.
  • a sensor for example a Hall sensor or a magnetoresistive sensor for measuring the current magnetic field
  • the sensor is connected to a control unit, the output of which is connected to the switching stage . It follows that with a certain nominal output power of the power supply, this can be made much smaller, since the efficiency is higher and the losses in the transformer or in the choke are lower, so that the transformer or the choke does not have to be oversized as usual, but rather can be made much smaller.
  • control unit is connected to the primary side of the transformer or the choke, so that the primary current I p of the transformer or the choke can be used as an input variable for the control, the control can be carried out faster and more accurately, since the core saturation can be detected more quickly and reliably can.
  • Fig. 2 shows a switching power supply according to the principle of a bridge push-pull converter in a schematic representation, Fig. 3a-3c, the control voltages and currents of the switching transistors and the
  • FIGS. 5a-5d the temporal profiles of the primary voltage of the transformer to illustrate some possibilities of the regulation according to the invention.
  • Figures la and lb schematically show the magnetization characteristic of a transformer.
  • the magnetic induction B as a function of the magnetic field strength H or the magnetic flux ⁇ as a function of the flooding ⁇ is shown.
  • the area of the core saturation is characterized in that the magnetic flux ⁇ or the induction B cannot be significantly increased despite the increase in the current in the primary winding of the transformer or the flux ⁇ . Almost all elementary magnets of the core material are aligned in the area of saturation.
  • the inductive resistance of the winding decreases in the area of saturation, as a result of which only the undesirable ohmic component of the resistance limits the current in the winding and this reaches inadmissibly high values.
  • Fig. Lb the working range of a switching power supply according to the invention is shown, which is achieved in that the magnetic flux ⁇ or the magnetic field strength H is measured and the input variables of the switching power supply are regulated depending on the flux Fluss so that no core saturation and none Zero shift occurs.
  • the zero point shift is prevented, for example, in such a way that the magnetic core is magnetized longer or more in the opposite direction to the shift.
  • the magnetic flux ⁇ is not increased further, ie it is blocked off. So can the entire working area can be used without running the risk that the working area runs into the saturation of the magnetization characteristic.
  • Fig. 2 shows the circuit diagram of a switched-mode power supply based on the principle of a bridge push-pull converter, in which the input voltage U e or the input current L is periodically switched on and off with the aid of four transistors T-T in a bridge circuit.
  • the currents Ii and I 2 flow in phase opposition over the primary winding of the transformer and cause a primary voltage Ui there, which is transformed into a desired output voltage U a .
  • To stabilize the output voltage U a it is known to regulate the duty cycle and the frequency of the switching operations of the transistors.
  • a bridge push-pull converter has the advantage that a lower number of turns on the transformer is necessary, and the disadvantage that four transistors are required.
  • the present invention can also be applied to other types of switching power supplies.
  • Transistors T 2 and T 4 turned on simultaneously for a duration t 2 , so that a current I 2 in
  • the duration tj or t 2 per period T is set in accordance with the power desired at the output.
  • the time period is selected according to a 50% power yield at the output, and on
  • 3c shows the resulting voltage U [on the primary side of the transformer.
  • 4 schematically shows a block diagram of a switching power supply according to the invention with active control of the nuclear magnetization.
  • a switching stage 1 which is usually constructed from switching transistors, the input voltage U e is periodically switched on and off at a relatively high frequency f, that is to say "chopped up" to a certain extent.
  • is translated with the aid of a transformer 2.
  • a smaller transformer 2 is required compared to a 50 Hz transformer
  • the transformer 2 also takes on the frequently required galvanic isolation between the primary and secondary side. If such galvanic isolation is not necessary, the squarewave voltage Uj can also be converted by a choke Subsequently, the secondary voltage U 2 is rectified and sieved in a subsequent stage 3, so that a stable output voltage U a is present, according to the invention a sensor 4 is provided for measuring the magnetic field strength in the transformer 2.
  • This sensor 4 can be designed, for example, as a Hall sensor be the s I use the Hall effect.
  • a semiconductor wafer arranged in a magnetic field and through which a current flows delivers a voltage proportional to the magnetic flux density.
  • the senor 4 can be designed as a magnetoresistive sensor which shows a resistance dependent on the magnetic field.
  • the sensor 4 can, for example, be glued into a slot in the core material of the transformer 2, the adhesive advantageously being mixed with ferrite particles.
  • the slot should be made as small as possible so that the homogeneity of the magnetic field is not significantly disturbed and the possible scatter losses are kept small.
  • the signal originating from the sensor 4 is fed to a control unit 5.
  • the control unit 5 prepares the sensor signal for further processing.
  • the control unit 5 delivers a corresponding control signal with which the switching stage 1 is controlled.
  • the frequency of the oscillator in the switching stage 1, which generates the frequency f with which the input voltage U e is periodically switched on and off, can be changed as a function of the control signal, ie as a function of the magnetic field in the core of the transformer 2.
  • the switch-on time of the input voltage U e can also be changed depending on the control signal or the magnetic field.
  • the output voltage U a or the output current I a or the secondary voltage U 2 is also fed into the control circuit. This However, feedback could also be omitted for constant load conditions and applications that are independent of network fluctuations.
  • the primary current I p of the transformer 2 or the choke can also be included in the control. This measure detects core saturation faster and more reliably than when only the magnetic field is detected.
  • FIGS. 5a-5d schematically show the time profiles of the primary voltage Uj on the transformer in different control cases for a switched-mode power supply with a push-pull converter.
  • 5a shows the course for symmetrical operation, ie the same residual magnetism in both directions.
  • the transistors of the switching stage are switched on for a certain time t in accordance with the required output power.
  • t ⁇ t. If residual magnetism builds up in one direction of the magnetization characteristic, this situation is immediately recognized by the sensor and appropriate control is carried out. This case is shown in FIG.
  • the switched-mode power supply is dimensioned in such a way that, with maximum power requirement at the output, the working area in the magnetization just reaches the areas of the core saturation and thus the full working area is used. 5d finally shows the case of lower power requirements, the switch-on times ti and t 2 in the switching stage being reduced to a corresponding value t ".
  • the frequency f and the amplitude of the input voltage U e or the input current L can be regulated (not shown).
  • the power supplies according to the invention can also bring extreme advantages in traffic engineering, since, for example, electric traction vehicles require much smaller and lighter converters with the same drive power.
  • the application possibilities are almost unlimited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'optimisation de puissance de blocs d'alimentation à découpage, selon lequel la tension d'entrée Ue ou l'intensité d'entrée Ie est connectée et déconnectée périodiquement avec une fréquence de commutation f, et une tension de sortie Ua et une intensité de sortie Ia sont obtenues au moyen d'un transformateur ou d'une bobine de self, au moins un paramètre de la tension d'entrée Ue ou de l'intensité d'entrée Ie pouvant être modifié. L'invention concerne également un bloc d'alimentation à découpage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. En vue d'augmenter, au moyen des transformateurs, le rendement en puissance des blocs d'alimentation à découpage, tout en évitant un surdimensionnement des transformateurs ou des bobines de self, l'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'on mesure le champ magnétique réel dans le transformateur ou dans la bobine, et en ce que, pour le réglage du champ magnétique en vue d'empêcher une saturation du transformateur ou de la bobine de self, au moins un paramètre de la tension d'entrée Ue ou de l'intensité d'entrée Ie est modifié en fonction du champ magnétique réel. Ce réglage actif de l'aimantation du noyau permet en outre de supprimer l'entrefer dans le noyau du transformateur sans risque de saturation.
PCT/AT1998/000208 1997-09-15 1998-09-03 Procede d'optimisation de puissance de blocs d'alimentation a decoupage, et bloc d'alimentation a decoupage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede Ceased WO1999014844A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU89640/98A AU8964098A (en) 1997-09-15 1998-09-03 Process for optimising the performance of switching power packs and switching power pack for carrying out this process
DE29824172U DE29824172U1 (de) 1997-09-15 1998-09-03 Schaltnetzteil

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT155097A AT409437B (de) 1997-09-15 1997-09-15 Verfahren zur leistungsoptimierung von schaltnetzteilen
ATA1550/97 1997-09-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999014844A1 true WO1999014844A1 (fr) 1999-03-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AT1998/000208 Ceased WO1999014844A1 (fr) 1997-09-15 1998-09-03 Procede d'optimisation de puissance de blocs d'alimentation a decoupage, et bloc d'alimentation a decoupage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AT (1) AT409437B (fr)
AU (1) AU8964098A (fr)
DE (1) DE29824172U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999014844A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011087342A1 (de) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. Verwendung von flexiblen magnetischen dünnschichtsensorelementen
WO2013075735A1 (fr) * 2011-11-22 2013-05-30 Abb Technology Ag Convertisseur cc/cc haute tension avec transformateur commandé par des convertisseurs multi-niveaux modulaires (mmc)
EP2950314A1 (fr) * 2014-04-03 2015-12-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Contrôle de saturation de noyaux magnétiques de dispositifs bidirectionnels

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2185515B1 (es) * 2001-10-15 2004-02-16 Salicru S A Convertidor electronico conmutado de potencia.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990001230A1 (fr) * 1988-07-20 1990-02-08 Power Reflex Pty. Ltd. Conversion et equilibrage d'energie electrique commutee
SU1686667A1 (ru) * 1988-12-26 1991-10-23 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский, проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт электровозостроения Способ управлени инвертором с трансформаторным выходом
US5220492A (en) * 1989-12-26 1993-06-15 Systel Development And Industries Ltd. Inverter and power supply systems including same
DE19524963A1 (de) * 1995-07-08 1997-01-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schaltnetzteil mit B-Steuerung

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NL7309056A (fr) * 1973-06-29 1974-12-31
JPS5722380A (en) * 1980-07-15 1982-02-05 Tohoku Metal Ind Ltd Dc-dc converter
US4395751A (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-07-26 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Flux-balanced variable frequency inverter
US4553198A (en) * 1982-12-10 1985-11-12 Powercube Corporation Power converter symmetry correction circuit
US4519023A (en) * 1983-05-20 1985-05-21 Motorola, Inc. Self-oscillating inverter including a DC to DC converter and method for control thereof
US4939633A (en) * 1989-02-03 1990-07-03 General Signal Corporation Inverter power supply system
JPH0370872U (fr) * 1989-11-06 1991-07-17

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990001230A1 (fr) * 1988-07-20 1990-02-08 Power Reflex Pty. Ltd. Conversion et equilibrage d'energie electrique commutee
SU1686667A1 (ru) * 1988-12-26 1991-10-23 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский, проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт электровозостроения Способ управлени инвертором с трансформаторным выходом
US5220492A (en) * 1989-12-26 1993-06-15 Systel Development And Industries Ltd. Inverter and power supply systems including same
DE19524963A1 (de) * 1995-07-08 1997-01-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schaltnetzteil mit B-Steuerung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 9237, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 92-307031, XP002086484 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013075735A1 (fr) * 2011-11-22 2013-05-30 Abb Technology Ag Convertisseur cc/cc haute tension avec transformateur commandé par des convertisseurs multi-niveaux modulaires (mmc)
DE102011087342A1 (de) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. Verwendung von flexiblen magnetischen dünnschichtsensorelementen
EP2950314A1 (fr) * 2014-04-03 2015-12-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Contrôle de saturation de noyaux magnétiques de dispositifs bidirectionnels
US9229459B2 (en) 2014-04-03 2016-01-05 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Saturation control of magnetic cores of bidirectional devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8964098A (en) 1999-04-05
AT409437B (de) 2002-08-26
DE29824172U1 (de) 2000-08-17
ATA155097A (de) 2001-12-15

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