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WO1999002749A1 - Extrusion et forgeage d'un alliage aluminium-silicium - Google Patents

Extrusion et forgeage d'un alliage aluminium-silicium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999002749A1
WO1999002749A1 PCT/US1998/014031 US9814031W WO9902749A1 WO 1999002749 A1 WO1999002749 A1 WO 1999002749A1 US 9814031 W US9814031 W US 9814031W WO 9902749 A1 WO9902749 A1 WO 9902749A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
extruded
billet
extrusion
alloy
extruding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1998/014031
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joseph C. Benedyk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alumax Inc
Alcoa Corp
Original Assignee
Alumax Inc
Alcoa Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alumax Inc, Alcoa Corp filed Critical Alumax Inc
Priority to AU83853/98A priority Critical patent/AU8385398A/en
Priority to EP98934292A priority patent/EP0937162A4/fr
Publication of WO1999002749A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999002749A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to aluminum-silicon alloys and, more particularly, to a method of extruding an aluminum-silicon alloy toward fabrication of a solid product having improved mechanical and machinability characteristics, as well as, a method of extruding and/or casting an aluminum-silicon alloy for use in association with cold/warm impact extrusion and cold/warm/hot forging applications.
  • Al-Si Aluminum-Silicon
  • Al-Si alloys are conventionally available for cast products.
  • silicon the addition of silicon to aluminum in casting alloys has been known as a hardening agent which makes the alloy generally more brittle.
  • Al-Si alloys generally show excellent casting qualities.
  • their use in extrusion processes has been limited.
  • Al-Si alloys were not considered suitable for extrusions due to their hardness and lack of ductility.
  • Al-Si alloys such as, for example, 300-series aluminum alloys
  • 300-series aluminum alloys have not been considered for cold/warm impact extrusion and cold/warm/hot forging applications.
  • such alloys have not been considered inasmuch as they are inherently less ductile in comparison to wrought aluminum alloys, such as the 1000 series, 2000 series, 3000 series, 6000 series and 7000 series alloys which are conventionally utilized for such applications.
  • Al-Si alloys for the manufacture of extruded products. It is likewise desirable to utilize cast or extruded Al-Si alloys in association with cold/warm impact extruding and cold/warm/hot forging processes.
  • the invention comprises a method for manufacturing a solid extruded configuration constructed of an Al-Si alloy.
  • the method comprises the step of: (a) preparing a billet comprising aluminum and silicon; (b) inserting the Al-Si billet into an extruding press; and (c) extruding the Al-Si billet through an extruding die having a die slot configuration.
  • the resulting extruded Al-Si product comprises a desired extruded configuration.
  • the method further comprises the step of machining the extruded Al-Si product.
  • the extruded Al-Si product possesses increased machining characteristics relative to machining characteristics of similar Al-Si products formed from a non- extruded method.
  • the step of machining may comprise any one or more of drilling, milling and lathe turning.
  • the method may further include the step of impact extruding the extruded Al-Si configuration into a final desired configuration.
  • the method may further include the step of annealing the Al-Si billet prior to the step of impact extruding the extruded Al-Si configuration.
  • the method may comprise the step of cold/warm/hot forging the extruded Al-Si configuration into a final desired configuration.
  • the method may further include the step of annealing the Al-Si billet prior to the step of cold/warm/hot forging the extruded Al-Si configuration.
  • the final desired configuration of the Al-Si alloy comprises a compressor scroll. With such a compressor scroll, the Al-Si billet may further include Mn, which billet may comprise a recycled
  • the method may further include the steps of: (a) temporarily maintaining the Al-Si extrusion within a desired temperature range as the Al-Si extrusion exits the extrusion die; (b) quenching the Al-Si extrusion as the Al-Si extrusion exits the extrusion die, to impart desired tempered properties upon the Al-Si extrusion; and (c) age hardening the extruded Al-Si product wherein the age hardened extruded Al-Si product possesses increased strength, ductility and machinability characteristics relative to non-extruded Al-Si products.
  • the step of quenching further comprises the step of quenching with a fluid medium and at a desired temperature and time so as to impart a -T6 temper property upon age hardening.
  • the step of quenching comprises the step of cooling the Al-Si extrusion with one of forced and/or ambient air to impart a -F or -0 temper property thereto.
  • the step of age hardening further comprises the step of age hardening the Al-Si extrusion to at least one of a -T4, -T6 or -T7 temper.
  • the method may further comprise the step of annealing the Al-Si extrusion.
  • the step of preparing the Al-Si billet further includes the step of adding a grain refiner. Additionally, the step of preparing may further include the step of modifying the composition of the billet by adding strontium to disperse the eutectic structure of the billet.
  • the billet may comprise any one of a 300 series Al-Si alloy, a 400 series Al-Si alloy, a eutectic Al-Si alloy, a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and a hypoeutectic Al-
  • the step of extruding further comprises the step of
  • the extruding press comprises an impact extruding
  • the step of extruding comprises the step of impact extruding the Al-Si billet.
  • the method may further comprise the step of cold drawing the extruded Al-Si alloy configuration.
  • Fig. 1 of the drawings is a diagram of the process according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 of the drawings is an illustration of the mo ⁇ hology of an 356.2 Al-Si alloy without strontium modification
  • Fig 3 of the drawings is an illustration of the mo ⁇ hology of an 356.2 Al-Si alloy with 0.01% strontium modification
  • Fig. 4 of the drawings is an illustration of the mo ⁇ hology of an 356.2 Al-Si alloy with 0.04% strontium modification
  • Fig. 5 of the drawings is an illustration of the mo ⁇ hology of the extruded 356 alloy showing the dispersion of the Si particles resulting from hot working of a cast billet;
  • Fig 6 of the drawings is a perspective view of the Al-Si solid extruded configuration in the form of a rod
  • Fig 7 of the drawings is a perspective view of the Al-Si solid extruded configuration in the form of a bar
  • Fig. 8 of the drawings is a perspective view of the Al-Si solid extruded configuration in the form of a cup
  • Fig. 9 of the drawings is a perspective view of the Al-Si solid cold forged configuration
  • Fig. 10 of the drawings is a cross-sectional view of a brazed sheet which may be recycled into billet form for assembly of the compressor scroll.
  • Method 10 for manufacturing a solid extruded configuration formed from an Al-Si alloy is shown in Fig. 1 as including several steps. Initially, billet 20 consisting of aluminum and silicon is prepared for extrusion. The Al-Si billet is then heated and inserted into an extruding press 24. Finally, the Al-Si billet is extruded through an extruding die 26, having a preconfigured die slot configuration resulting in an extruded Al-Si product 28. The Al-Si product may then be treated to a desired temper to produce a final extruded product 40.
  • a 3xx series aluminum alloy melt 13 is prepared by melting alloy 12 to alloy specification.
  • the 3xx series aluminum alloy may comprise any one of a 356, 356.1, 356.2, A356.0, A356.1 or 357 alloy.
  • other aluminum alloys including Al-Si alloys which include Mg, Mn or other elements.
  • other 300 series Al-Si alloys, 400 series Al-Si alloys, eutectic Al-Si alloys, hypereutectic Al-Si alloys, and hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys are examples of the 3xx series aluminum alloy melt 13 .
  • a grain refiner 14 may be added to the Al-Si melt 13 to obtain finer grains in the alloy.
  • suitable grain refiners include, but are not limited to Al/Ti, Al/Ti/B, and Al/Zr alloys.
  • the composition of the billet may modified by adding strontium 16 to disperse the eutectic structure of the billet. Through strontium modification, the resulting alloy includes a finer silicon mo ⁇ hology, which renders an eventual Al-Si product that is more ductile and formable.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a 356.2 cast Al-Si alloy poured at 1300°F with no strontium modification, while Figs.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 illustrate the effect of 0.01% and 0.04%) strontium modifications in the same 356.2 cast Al-Si alloy, respectively.
  • the finer silicon mo ⁇ hology can be seen through a comparison of the material shown in Figs. 3 and 4 with the material shown in Fig. 2.
  • the extrusion process essentially causes the Silicon particles to be broken up and to be finely dispersed within the matrix, as seen in Fig. 5. Additionally, it is also contemplated that other elements such as Na, Ca and/or Sb may also be added for a similar modification.
  • trace elements such as antimony
  • the Al-Si melt is fluxed 18 (Fig. 1) to remove hydrogen and oxide impurities, from the melt.
  • Al-Si melt 13 is continuously cast in casting step 17 to produce Al-Si logs 18. If necessary, the billets are then homogenized. Homogenization facilitates extrusion and improves ductility of the end Al-Si product. These resulting logs are cut or sheared to form an Al-Si billet 20 which is of a desired size and length.
  • Al-Si billet 20 is heated in heater 22 to a temperature preferably above 700 °F, after which it is inserted into an extrusion press 24.
  • the Al-Si billet is then extruded through an extruding die 26, where extruded Al-Si exits the extrusion die at a temperature preferably in the
  • extruded Al-Si product 28 is quenched with a fluid medium 30 in order to achieve -T4, -T6, -T7, or other desired tempers upon aging of the extruded Al-Si product.
  • the quenching fluid medium may comprise water, air, or spray quench that serves the similar function of rapidly cooling the extruded alloy.
  • the extruded Al-Si product is cooled with either forced or ambient air 32 to impart -F or -O tempers to the extruded product.
  • extruded Al-Si product 28 may then be stretched in order to straighten the product if required.
  • the extruded Al-Si product is cut to appropriate length and preferably age hardened on racks at a temperature of approximately 350 °F for a period of approximately six hours, or more, to achieve a -T6 temper.
  • This temper imparts both strength and machinability to the extruded Al-Si product.
  • the final extruded product may likewise be age hardened to other tempers as well, such as a -T4 or -T7 temper, among others.
  • the quenched or aged extruded product may be cold drawn to yield a -T8 or -T9 temper.
  • Final extruded product 40 may then be machined (e.g. drilled, milled, lathe turned, etc.) to meet the requirements of a desired application.
  • the final Al-Si product may take the form of any solid extruded configuration.
  • solid extruded configurations include a rod 50 as pictured in Fig. 6 and a solid bar 60 as pictured in Fig. 7, although other solid extruded configurations are also contemplated as would be understood by those with ordinary skill in the art.
  • hollow extruded products are also contemplated as would be understood by those with ordinary skill in the art.
  • Extrusion is preferred as it results in a process to form Al-Si solid configurations with
  • Extruded Al-Si alloys likewise exhibit desirable characteristics which are superior to cast Al-Si alloys.
  • extruded 356/357 Al-Si configurations formed according to the above-identified processes produce a material which easily su ⁇ asses yield strength, ultimate strength and elongation of a conventionally cast 356/357 Al-Si alloy in the -T6 condition.
  • the extruded Al-Si alloy meets and even exceeds the minimum yield strength, ultimate strength and elongation of 6061 -T6 alloy — an alloy generally considered for its superior strength properties.
  • the extruded Al-Si material achieves machinability approaching that of cast 356/357 alloy. Accordingly, the Al-Si material has the machinability advantages of the 356/357 alloy without the drawbacks with respect to strength and elongation associated with the cast 356/357 alloys.
  • This improved ductility and toughness relative to non-extruded Al-Si alloys allows extruded Al-Si alloys to be used in cold indentation type processes on the machined surfaces of the alloy for added strengthening. Examples of these cold indentation processes include but are not limited to the use of rolled instead of cut threads to increase the bolt pullout force. Moreover, improved ductility and toughness also allow extruded Al-Si alloys to be subjected to cold deformation processes, such as drawing the extruded Al-Si alloys in the solution annealed or even artificially aged condition.
  • the extruded Al-Si alloys showed superior chip breaking characteristics during drilling operations ⁇ as longer chips tend to collect or wrap around tools during machining. These excellent chip breaking characteristics are especially desirable for applications requiring substantial drilling operations, such as ABS valve body machining, high pressure pump housings, engine shafts and bearings, compressor components, and rod stock and forged stock for impact extrusion, among others.
  • these extruded Al-Si alloys are particularly resistant to corrosion.
  • samples of an extruded Al-Si alloy were tested by submerging samples in a corrosive brake fluid mixture (760 ml GM brake fluid and 40 ml distilled water) at 140° C for 75 hours. The samples were weighed before submersion and then again after submersion. Any change in weight would be indicative of some corrosion of the Al-Si alloy. At the end of the test period, the samples (which originally weighed 2.432 oz) were weighed again, with none of the alloy weights changing. Moreover, a visual inspection of each test piece revealed no visual signs of corrosion. Accordingly, the extruded Al-Si alloy proved highly resistant to corrosion.
  • a corrosive brake fluid mixture 760 ml GM brake fluid and 40 ml distilled water
  • such an Al-Si after extrusion, may further undergo a cold/warm impact extrusion process 44 and/or a cold/warm/hot forging process 46.
  • a standard casting alloy of the Al-Si-Mg class containing approximately 7%> Si and 0.20-0.45% Mg may be used, however, other Al-Si alloys, such as those disclosed above, are also contemplated.
  • a relatively dilute hypoeutectic 300-series alloy is recommended.
  • the extruded Al-Si product is annealed 42 to impart desired temper properties on the end Al-Si product.
  • desired temper properties For cold/warm impact extrusion applications, as well as cold/warm/hot forging, it is preferred that the Al-Si product is annealed to an -O condition, however, other tempers are contemplated.
  • the extruded Al-Si configuration is cold/warm impact extruded 44, or, cold/warm/hot forged 46into the desired final configuration.
  • the resulting Al-Si product may be age hardened as desired.
  • the final product may take the configuration of an impact extruded cup as
  • compressor scroll 90 for use with a scroll compressor is particularly well suited for manufacture according to the above-described cold/warm/hot forging process.
  • an Al-Si billet containing 3 to 8%> Si and up to 1% Mn may be prepared.
  • the lower silicon content of the billet of such an embodiment facilitates the dispersion of silicon during the step of extruding the billet, thereby increasing the ductility thereof.
  • the addition of Mn increases strength and lessens galling, which may be an important consideration where, as with the compressor scroll, the final product encounters excessive contact with other parts.
  • Such an Al-Si alloy having the desired Si and Mn content may be obtained through recycling of brazing sheets, such as the brazing sheet shown in Fig.
  • the brazing sheet includes core 200 comprising a 3000 Al-Mn alloy , top layer 202 and bottom layer 204 comprising an Al-Si alloy. Such a material is largly recycled inasmuch as the production of sheets requires substantial trimming, and, in turn, substantial excess scrap.
  • the alloy is cast into a billet. It is subsequently extruded into a general desired configuration and annealed to achieve the desired properties for a particular application. Once annealed, the extruded configuration may be cold/warm/hot forged into a final desired configuration, such as the configuration shown in Fig. 8.
  • a 300-series Al-Si alloy is provided for cold/warm impact extrusion in the form of a cast and annealed rod, bar, or billet.
  • a 300-series alloy is again melted to alloy specification and processed using a suitable grain refiner, possible strontium modification, and control of unwanted trace elements.
  • Al-Si billets are cast from the melt using control on the vertical and/or horizontal casting conditions. Finally, the cast Al-Si billets are annealed to an appropriate temper condition, and then used in desired cold/warm
  • the final annealed Al-Si product formed through extrusion and/or casting possess increased ductility and thus increased formability in cold/warm impact extrusion and cold/warm/hot forging applications. Moreover, because a 300-series Al-Si alloy is used instead of the more common wrought aluminum alloys, it is anticipated that the contemplated cold/warm impact extrusion or cold/warm hot forged product will have increased wear resistance and machinability characteristics.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une forme extrudée solide en un alliage Al-Si. Tout d'abord, on prépare pour l'extrusion une billette comprenant de l'aluminium et du silicium. La billette Al-Si est ensuite chauffée et introduite dans une presse à extrusion. Pour finir, la billette Al-Si est extrudée à travers une filière, présentant une forme de fente de filière préconfigurée permettant d'obtenir un produit Al-Si extrudé. Le produit Al-Si peut ensuite être traité afin d'obtenir un recuit ou un durcissement par vieillissement voulu, pour produire un produit fini extrudé présentant des propriétés mécaniques et d'usinabilité améliorées par rapport à des produits Al-Si non extrudés. Le produit Al-Si extrudé peut, en outre, être filé par choc à froid ou à chaud, ou encore forgé à froid, à chaud ou à très haute température pour obtenir une forme finie voulue.
PCT/US1998/014031 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 Extrusion et forgeage d'un alliage aluminium-silicium Ceased WO1999002749A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU83853/98A AU8385398A (en) 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 Extruding and forging an aluminum silicon alloy
EP98934292A EP0937162A4 (fr) 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 Extrusion et forgeage d'un alliage aluminium-silicium

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5227597P 1997-07-11 1997-07-11
US60/052,275 1997-07-11
US6295697P 1997-10-10 1997-10-10
US60/062,956 1997-10-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999002749A1 true WO1999002749A1 (fr) 1999-01-21

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PCT/US1998/014031 Ceased WO1999002749A1 (fr) 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 Extrusion et forgeage d'un alliage aluminium-silicium

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0937162A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU8385398A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999002749A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4412869A (en) * 1980-12-23 1983-11-01 Aluminum Company Of America Aluminum alloy tube product and method
US4589932A (en) * 1983-02-03 1986-05-20 Aluminum Company Of America Aluminum 6XXX alloy products of high strength and toughness having stable response to high temperature artificial aging treatments and method for producing
US4648918A (en) * 1984-03-02 1987-03-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Abrasion resistant aluminum alloy
US5123973A (en) * 1991-02-26 1992-06-23 Aluminum Company Of America Aluminum alloy extrusion and method of producing

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6456806A (en) * 1987-08-27 1989-03-03 Sumitomo Electric Industries Spiral parts made of aluminum powder alloy having low strain
JPS6465242A (en) * 1987-09-04 1989-03-10 Nippon Light Metal Co Scroll made of aluminum alloy
JPH03130342A (ja) * 1989-10-13 1991-06-04 Furukawa Alum Co Ltd 淡灰色発色用押出アルミニウム合金形材
JPH0790459A (ja) * 1993-09-17 1995-04-04 Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd 押出用耐摩耗性アルミニウム合金および耐摩耗性アルミニウム合金材の製造方法
JPH083701A (ja) * 1994-06-15 1996-01-09 Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd 強度と切削性にすぐれた耐摩耗性アルミニウム合金押出材の製造方法
NL1002334C2 (nl) * 1996-02-14 1997-08-15 Hoogovens Aluminium Nv Slijtvaste aluminiumlegering met een goede corrosieweerstand.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4412869A (en) * 1980-12-23 1983-11-01 Aluminum Company Of America Aluminum alloy tube product and method
US4589932A (en) * 1983-02-03 1986-05-20 Aluminum Company Of America Aluminum 6XXX alloy products of high strength and toughness having stable response to high temperature artificial aging treatments and method for producing
US4648918A (en) * 1984-03-02 1987-03-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Abrasion resistant aluminum alloy
US5123973A (en) * 1991-02-26 1992-06-23 Aluminum Company Of America Aluminum alloy extrusion and method of producing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0937162A4 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8385398A (en) 1999-02-08
EP0937162A4 (fr) 2000-11-15
EP0937162A1 (fr) 1999-08-25

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