WO1999062316A2 - Identification de genes de bacteries lactiques impliques dans la biosynthese d'exopolysaccharides - Google Patents
Identification de genes de bacteries lactiques impliques dans la biosynthese d'exopolysaccharides Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999062316A2 WO1999062316A2 PCT/EP1999/002841 EP9902841W WO9962316A2 WO 1999062316 A2 WO1999062316 A2 WO 1999062316A2 EP 9902841 W EP9902841 W EP 9902841W WO 9962316 A2 WO9962316 A2 WO 9962316A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1048—Glycosyltransferases (2.4)
- C12N9/1051—Hexosyltransferases (2.4.1)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/52—Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/18—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a glycosyl transferase, e.g. alpha-, beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to new enzymatic functions of food lactic acid bacteria, as well as new enzymes and genes, involved in the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides.
- lactic acid bacteria are capable of producing in their culture medium two classes of polysaccharides, namely homopoiysaccharides such as dextrans or levans which are constituted by the repeated assembly of a single saccharide, and heteropolysaccharides commonly called exopolysaccharides or EPS (EPS is the abbreviation of the term "exopolysaccharide”) constituted by the assembly of several different saccharides forming a repeating unit (Cerning J., Lactic bacteria, Vol I, of Rossart H and Luquet FM, Lorica, 309- 329, 1994).
- EPS exopolysaccharide
- a lactic acid bacterium producing EPS can give a stringy character and / or a smooth and creamy texture to an acidified milk (Cerning et al., FEMS Microbiol., 87, 113-130, 19/90).
- PSE can also present biological activities of particular interest for human or animal health, such as anti-tumor or probiotic activities, for example (Oda M. et al., Agric. Biol. Chem., 47, 1623-1625, 1983; EP-94870139.6)
- Van Kranenburg et al. also described a gene operon, present on a plasmid of a Lactococcus lactis strain, involved in the synthesis of an EPS having the following repetitive structure (Mol. Microbiology, 24, 387-397, 1997):
- Another object of the present invention is to provide new saccharides, certain branches or elements of which can be advantageously used or treated to improve the organoleptic properties and the flavor (stability of the aromas of food products possibly incorporating such saccharides).
- the present invention relates to any recombinant enzyme, which can be purified and which is capable of being involved in the biosynthesis of EPS by a bond in the form of an ⁇ or ⁇ isomer between carbon 1 carrying the aldehyde reducing function of an activated T-Galp and a phosphate of a lipophilic primer, in particular of the genus undecaprenol, or protein, in particular of the genus ACP (Acyl Carrier Protein); for example, so as to gradually ensure the formation of these exopolysaccharides with, at each step, the addition of a new saccharide unit which attaches by its semi-acetal function to an alcoholic hydroxyl of another unit of saccharide, which esc at the end of a chain of saccharides linked to this primer.
- a lipophilic primer in particular of the genus undecaprenol
- ACP Adyl Carrier Protein
- said recombinant enzyme is chosen from the group consisting of: l) recombinant and / or purifiable enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of one exopolysaccharide having the following repeating saccharide unit: ⁇ -D-Gal / -l
- ⁇ -1,3 osidic bond between carbon 1 of an activated D-Galp and carbon 3 of the saccharide present at the non-reducing end of a saccharide chain in formation said chain being composed in particular of a main chain of 1 to 4 D-Galp and / or D-Glcp linked together by ⁇ -1,2 osidic bonds , ⁇ -1,3, ⁇ -1,4 and / or ⁇ -1,3, and said saccharide present at the non-reducing end being linked to a single other saccharide by its carbon 1;
- ⁇ -1,4 osidic bond between the carbon 1 of an activated D-Galp and the carbon 4 of the saccharide present at the non-reducing end of a saccharide chain in formation, said chain being composed in particular of a main chain from 1 to 4 D-Galp and / or D-Glcp linked to each other by ⁇ -1,2, ⁇ -1,3, ⁇ -1,4 and / or ⁇ -1,3 osidic bonds, and said saccna ⁇ de present at the non-reducing end being linked to a single other saccharide by its carbon 1, and
- Another subject of the invention relates to any recombinant nucleotide sequence coding for the enzyme (s) of the invention, in particular any vector (including any vector of shuttle type and capable of being expressed in different cell lines), and / or any cell incorporating said nucleotide sequences and expressing the recombinant functional enzyme (s) of the invention.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the process for obtaining such an EPS in which:
- nucleotide sequence of the invention is cloned into a vector, in particular a DNA fragment coding for at least one of the enzymes of the invention, said vector further comprising a sequence allowing autonomous replication or l integration into one or more (shuttle vector) host cell (s),
- the host cell is transformed by said vector, said host cell using the enzyme (s) encoded by the vector, where appropriate in combination with other enzymes produced by the host cell, for biosynthesis said exopolysaccna ⁇ de,
- the transformed host cell is then cultured under conditions suitable for obtaining said exopolysaccharide.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a process for the synthesis of an exopolysaccharide which consists of the repeated assembly of a single saccharide unit, itself formed of a main chain of saccharides whose ends are involved in the polymerization units, in which several enzymes or several recombinant nucleotide sequences are used according to the invention allowing the creation on the main chain of the saccharide unit of at least one lactose branching linked to a saccharide of the main chain by its glucose.
- Another object of the invention relates to a new branched (branched) polysaccharide, constituted by the repeated assembly of a single saccharide unit, itself formed of a main chain of saccharides whose ends are involved in the polymerization of the units , characterized in that the main chain comprises at least one lactose branch linked to a saccharide of the main chain by its glucose, the galactose of this branching being also linked to an N-acetylgalactosam, provided that this polysaccharide does not consist of the repetition of the following saccharide unit: ⁇ -D-Gal / ? Nac- (l ⁇ 4) - ⁇ -D-Gal / (l ⁇ 4) - ⁇ -D-Glc / 7
- the enzymes and sequences of the invention are preferably enzymes or sequences isolated, purified or recombined from strains of food microorganisms such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, etc., in particular non-pathogenic strains.
- the present invention also relates to food products such as yoghurts or cheeses incorporating the transformed cells of the invention and / or the saccharides obtained from such cells.
- a final aspect of the present invention relates to the use of one of the enzymes or of one of the recombinant nucleotide sequences of the invention for the synthesis of an exopolysaccharide.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 represent the physical map of the operon involved in the synthesis of an exopolysaccharide of the S strains, respectively.
- the horizontal arrows indicate the presence of potential reading frames (ORF).
- ORF potential reading frames
- nucleotide sequences of the genes and primers used, as well as the amino acid sequences of the recombinant enzymes of the invention are shown in the sequence list provided below.
- This EPS is more particularly constituted by the repeated assembly of a single saccnaridic unit, itself formed of a main chain of saccna ⁇ des whose ends are involved in the polymerization of the units.
- This main chain can also comprise branches (or branches) of saccnarides which are not involved in the polymerization of the units, said branches being grafted by osidic bonds on one or more saccharides of this chain.
- a saccharide unit is represented by indicating:
- each sugar link in the form of an arrow between the carbon numbers of two adjacent saccharides (the carbon numbers assigned on the cycle of a saccharide are those recognized by the international saccharide nomenclature: IUPAC) ; (3) the anomerism of each osidic bond in the form of the acronym ⁇ or ⁇ , said acronym being positioned to the left of a saccharide to indicate the anomerism of the osidic bond present to the right of this saccharide; (4) the nature pyranose or furanose each saccharide ad j anointing p letter f or just after the initials of each saccharide; and (5) the D or L series of each saccharide, by positioning the letter to the left of the saccharide concerned.
- the direct reaction between a semi-acetal function of a new saccharide unit and an alcoholic hydroxyl of the saccharide present at the non-reducing end of the chain does not take place spontaneously, and it is why the semi-acetal group must first be activated, that is to say made more reactive for the formation of the osidic bond.
- This activation is catalyzed by bacterial enzymes forming a nucleotide saccharide, and more particularly a uridme-diphosphate of D-Glcp (UDP-Glcp), D-Galp (UDP-Galp) or D-Galf (UDP-Galf) in the context of the present invention.
- a first activated saccharide must first be linked to the phosphate of a lipophilic or protein primer.
- the addition of a new activated saccharide unit on the chain will then be done by its semi-acetalic function at the level of an alcoholic hydroxyl of the saccharide present at the non-reducing end of this chain, that is to say say at the opposite end from where the primer is attached.
- a saccharide chain is formed, in indicating the usual acronyms of saccharides, the types of osidic bonds, the position of the primer on the chain, the nature of the cycle and of the D or L series of each saccharide.
- the acronym " ⁇ / ⁇ " is thus used in order to indicate that one of the two isomers is formed.
- homologous sequence means any nucleotide or amino acid sequence, leading or giving an enzyme variant which catalyzes the assembly of saccharides, differing from the sequences according to the invention only by the substitution, deletion or addition of a small number of nucleotide oases with amino acids, for example 1 to 150 base pairs (bp) or 1 to 50 amino acids.
- enzyme variants can retain the same assembly specificity of saccharides as the enzymes from which they are derived.
- substitution, deletion or addition of a small number of amino acids can however also lead to a change in the enzyme specificity.
- the proteins coded by the genes of the invention epsl to eps5, even though they are very close to the enzymes EpsA-D of the strain S. ther ophilus Sf ⁇ 6 (EP-A-0750043) and the EpsE enzyme from S. salivarius, have different enzymatic specificities from the proteins EpsA-D and EpsE (see below).
- two nucleotide sequences which, due to the degeneration of the genetic code, code for the same polypeptide will be considered as homologs.
- two functional proteins which are recognized by the same antibody will be considered as homologs, the ratio of the values of intensity of recognition of the two proteins by the antibody not exceeding 1000 in an ELISA test, preferably 100, for example.
- the amino acid sequences which have more than 70% identity with the sequences according to the invention, in particular more than 80%, 85%, 90% or more particularly more than 95%, will be considered more particularly as homologs.
- the identity is determined by the ratio between the number of amino acids of a homologous sequence which are identical to those of a sequence according to the invention, and the total number of amino acids of said sequence according to the invention.
- a nucleotide sequence of the invention in particular a recombinant DNA, it is possible to constitute a pan with a large DNA fragments of a lactic acid bacterium producing EPS in a lactic bacterium producing no EPS, then of select the clone (s) producing EPS
- the genomic DNA of a lactic acid bacterium producing EPS is digested by a restriction enzyme which is specific for a relatively rare restriction site (BamHI, Sali, PstI ) or by partial digestion with Sau3A, for example.
- the digestion product is cloned into an expression or integration plasmid which accepts large fragments (plasmid pSA3, Dao et al., Appl. Environ.
- the plasmids are introduced recomomants in the same species of lactic acid bacteria not producing EPS, at least one transformed clone producing EPS is selected, then the DNA fragment responsible for the production of EPS is identified, isolated and sequenced.
- nucleotide sequences of the invention in particular DNAs, are likely to be large, and that they may contain a group of genes involved in the biosynthesis of EPS, it may be preferable to introduce the recombinant plasmids into the same strain of lactic acid bacteria from which fragments, with the difference that this strain has lost the ability to produce EPS following mutagenic treatment (UV, chemical or transposon treatment).
- An alternative consists in constituting a plasmid library of DNA fragments of a strain of lactic acid bacteria producing an EPS, in transforming the same strain of lactic bacteria by plasmids incapable of replicating therein, in selecting the transformants having integrated a plasmid in their genome by homologous recombination (selection by resistance to an antibiotic, for example), to select the transformants no longer producing EPS, then to isolate and sequence the genomic DNA fragments of the selected transformants which are adjacent to the integrated plasmid .
- the chromosome of the transformants can be digested, ligated, then carry out reverse PCR using probes specific for the integrated plasmid or introduce the ligation product into a strain in which the recircularized plasmid is capable of replicating, for example
- Another alternative consists in transforming lactic acid bacteria producing EPS by a plasmid comprising a transposon, in subjecting the bacteria to conditions in which the transposon excises from the vector and integrates at random in the genome, in selecting the clones of bacteria having lost the capacity to produce EPS, in isolating the fragments of genomic DNA from said clones in which a transposon has integrated.
- This method is described in more detail by Stmgele et al. , Dev. Biol. Stand., In Genetics of Streotococci, Enterococci and Lactococci, 8_5, 487-493, 1995 (ISSN: 0301-5149).
- a last alternative consists in preparing nucleotide primers derived from known genes involved in the biosynthesis of an EPS, then in carrying out a PCR on the genomic DNA of a lactic acid bacterium producing an EPS and for which it is desired to identify the genes involved in the biosynthesis of this EPS.
- This technique is however excessively difficult to implement, since the choice of the nucleotide sequence of the primers will be decisive in the isolation of a gene. Since the homologies between the sought-after genes and the known genes are not known in advance, this choice proceeds from an inventive step, due to the necessary selection made from a multiplicity of possible primers.
- lactic acid bacteria in particular to mesophilic lactic acid bacteria such as for example Streptococcus cremoris, Streptococcus lactis, Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Lactobacillus sake, and thermophilic lactic acid bacteria such as, for example, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus.
- mesophilic lactic acid bacteria such as for example Streptococcus cremoris, Streptococcus lactis, Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Lactobacillus sake
- thermophilic lactic acid bacteria such as, for example, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus.
- the skilled person has transformation techniques for each species of lactic acid bacteria.
- the subject of the invention relates to the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or its complementary strand, obtained from the Streptococcus thermophilus strain deposited on 20 July 1997 according to the Budapest Treaty with the National Collection of Culture of Microorganisms ( CNCM), 28 rue du Dondel Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France (CNCM filing number 1-1897).
- This Gram-positive strain presents under the microscope an appearance of non-flagellated shells forming chains, does not make spores and is anaerobic.
- This sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises genes coding for new enzymes involved in the synthesis of EPS having the following repeated structure:
- the new recombinant enzymes have a low homology with known enzymes. These new enzymes, identified from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1, have one of the amino acid sequences chosen from the group of sequences SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 and the sequences which are homologous to them.
- This sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 contains genes involved in the synthesis of this EPS (epsl -5), coding for proteins having very strong homologies with EpsA-D proteins from S. thermophilus Sfi6 (EP-A-0750043) and the EpsE protein from S. salivarius (GenBank: No. X94980). These high degrees of homology are unexpected in view of the fact that the structure of the EPS produced by the strain CNCM 1-1897 is sufficiently different from that of the strain Sfi6, so that one can expect that the enzymes of the CNCM 1-1897 strain are different from those of the Sfi6 strain.
- the proteins encoded by these genes have new enzymatic specificities making them particularly attractive for the creation of new bonds between saccharides, or for varying the length of the EPS chain, or even for regulating the production of EPS differently.
- One of these new enzymes is a glycosyltransferase having specifically the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 6, the homologous sequences being of course excluded for reasons of novelty.
- the other new enzymes are involved in the regulation of EPS production and chain length, and have specifically one of the amino acid sequences chosen from the group of sequences SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO : 3, SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 5, the homologous sequences being of course excluded for reasons of novelty.
- the present invention also relates to any nucleotide sequence, in particular a recombinant DNA, coding for an enzyme according to the invention, that is to say one of the enzymes chosen from the group of sequences SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11.
- this DNA can comprise at least one gene having one of the nucleotide sequences chosen from the sequences delimited in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 by nucleotides 1-687, 690-1418, 1429-2119, 2131-2870, 2929-4244, 5933-7978, 8003-8969, 10138-11086, 11438-12852, 14220-15315 and the sequences which are ' homologous to the sequences delimited in the sequence SEQ ID NO: l by nucleotides 5933- 7978, 8003-8969, 10138-11086, 11438-12852 and 14220-15315.
- the nucleotide sequence of the invention is the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 12 or its complementary strand, obtained from the strain Lactobacillus helveti cus LH59 which was deposited on July 27, 1994 according to the Budapest Treaty with the National Collection of Culture of Microorganisms (CNCM), 28 rue du Dondel Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France (CNCM deposit number 1-1449).
- This Gram-positive strain presents under the microscope an aspect of unflagged rods, does not make spores and is anaerobic optional.
- This sequence SEQ ID NO: 12 comprises genes coding for new enzymes involved in the synthesis of EPS having the following repeated structure:
- the new recombinant enzymes identified from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 12, have one of the amino acid sequences chosen from the group of sequences SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, and the sequences which are homologous to them.
- the present invention also relates to any nucleotide sequence, in particular any recombinant DNA coding for an enzyme according to the invention, that is to say the enzymes chosen from the group of sequences SEQ ID NO: 13,
- this DNA can comprise at least one gene having one of the nucleotide sequences chosen from the sequences delimited in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 12 by nucleotides 1053-1730, 1734 -2849, 2852-3943, 3930-5084, 5077-6096, 6099-7091, 7096-8259, 8284-8910 and the sequences which are homologous to them.
- the nucleotide sequence of the invention is the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 20 or its complementary strand, obtained from the strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgari cus Sfi5 deposited on October 4, 1988 according to Treaty of Budapest, with the National Collection of Culture of Microorganism (CNCM), 28 rue du Dondel Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France (CNCM deposit number 1-800). Furthermore, this Gram-positive strain under the microscope has the appearance of non-flagellated rods, is non-sporulating and anaerobic optional.
- This sequence SEQ ID NO: 20 comprises genes coding for new enzymes involved in the synthesis of EPS having the following repeated structure:
- the saccharide chain in formation can be composed simply of a main chain without branching from 1 to 4 D-Galp and / or D-Glcp linked together by osidic bonds ⁇ -1,2, ⁇ -1,3, ⁇ -1.4 and / or ⁇ -1-3.
- this channel can be selected from tetra-sacchridiques following channels, as well as their precursors mono-, di- or t ⁇ - saccharide (s) • ⁇ -D-Gal / 1 ⁇ 3) - ⁇ -D -Glcp (1-> 3) - ⁇ -D-Gal / X1 ⁇ 4) - ⁇ / ⁇ -D-Gal -amorce, ⁇ -D-Gal /? (1 ⁇ 2) - -O-Ga ⁇ p ( 1 ⁇ 3) - ⁇ -D-Glc /?
- the saccharide chain in formation can also be composed of a main chain further comprising 1 or 2 branched saccharides, such as D-Galp and / or L-
- Rhap These branched saccharides can be linked on the main chain in ⁇ -1,3, ⁇ -1,4 or ⁇ -1,3, for example.
- this chain can be chosen from the following main tetra-sacchridic chains, as well as their mono-, di- or tri-saccharide precursors: -D-Galp (1 ⁇ 3) - ⁇ -D -Glcp (1 ⁇ 3) - [ ⁇ -D-Galp (1 ⁇ 4)] - ⁇ -D-Galp (1 ⁇ 4) - [ ⁇ -LRhap (1 ⁇ 3)] - ⁇ / ⁇ -D-Galp -bait; ⁇ -D-Galp (l ⁇ 2) - [ ⁇ -D-Galp (l ⁇ 3)] - ⁇ -D-Galp (l ⁇ 3) - ⁇ -D-Gl (l-3) - [ ⁇ -D -Galp (l ⁇ 4)] - ⁇ / ⁇ -D-Gal -amorce; ⁇ -D-Galp (l ⁇ 4) - [-Rhap (l ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- one of the new enzymes according to the invention catalyzes the ⁇ -1,3 osidic bond between the carbon 1 of an activated -Rhap and the carbon 3 of galactose present at the non-reducing end of one of the saccharide chains. above.
- one of the new enzymes according to the invention catalyzes the ⁇ -1,3 osidic bond between the carbon 1 of an activated D-Galp and the carbon 3 of the galactose present at the non-reducing end of one of the chains. saccharides above.
- one of the new enzymes according to the invention catalyzes the ⁇ -1,4 osidic bond between the carbon 1 of an activated D-Galp and the carbon 4 of galactose present at the non-reducing end of one of the saccharide chains above.
- the new recombinant enzymes identified from the DNA sequence SEQ ID NO: 20, have one of the amino acid sequences chosen from the group of sequences SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO : 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, and the sequences which are homologous to them.
- the present invention also relates to any nucleotide sequence, in particular any recombinant DNA coding for an enzyme according to the invention, that is to say one of the enzymes chosen from the group of sequences SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29.
- this DNA can comprise at least one gene having one of the nucleotide sequences chosen from the sequences delimited in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 20 by nucleotides 9-353, 516-1292, 1323-1982, 2074-3174, 3246-4373, 4511- 5317.
- IS portions arranged respectively upstream and downstream of the sequences coding for the enzymes of the invention.
- These IS sequences advantageously make it possible to directly use the sequence of the invention as a "transposon" and optionally to practice a coculture of microorganisms without a vector and to obtain the expression of these enzymes in cells having lost the threading character initial, which allows the synthesis of exopolysaccharides by said transformed cells.
- the present invention also relates to any recombinant vector comprising the nucleotide sequence of the invention.
- This recombinant vector can be any fragment nucleic acid, such as a single-stranded or double-stranded DNA, linear or circular, of expression or of " integration", and comprising a nucleotide sequence of the invention, in particular all or part of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 12 or SEQ ID NO: 20.
- the vector expresses the DNA according to the invention by suitable nucleotide sequences (promoter; ribosome attachment site; codon preferred by the host organism, etc.), and where appropriate that it includes one or more origins of cell replication, in particular of Esche ⁇ chia coli and / or a Streptococcus, to form the shuttle vector of the invention.
- suitable nucleotide sequences promoter; ribosome attachment site; codon preferred by the host organism, etc.
- origins of cell replication in particular of Esche ⁇ chia coli and / or a Streptococcus
- Recombinant enzymes can also be used to modify or synthesize in-vi tro an oligosaccharide or a polysaccharide such as EPS, for example.
- Another object of the present invention relates to a cell comprising, integrated into its genome or by means of a replicable plasmid, a nucleotide sequence of the invention, and expressing a functional recombinant enzyme according to the invention.
- This cell can be part of the group of molds, yeasts, bacteria and plants, for example.
- the yeasts belong to the genera Saccharamyces, Kluyveromyces, Hansenula and Pichia; the bacteria are Gram-negative or positive belonging to the genus Escherichia, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus; plant cells belong to legumes, and cereal and woody species; while molds are the cells traditionally used to prepare a koj 1 like Aspergillus, Rhizopus and / or Mucor.
- Another object of the present invention relates to a method for producing an EPS, in which:
- a fragment of a nucleotide sequence coding for at least one of the enzymes according to the invention is cloned into a vector, said vector further comprising a sequence allowing autonomous replication or integration into a host cell;
- a host cell is transformed by said vector, said host cell using the enzymes encoded by the vector, where appropriate in combination with other enzymes produced by the host cell if the vector does not provide all the enzymes necessary for the biosynthesis of an EPS, for the biosynthesis of an EPS;
- the transformed host cell is then cultured under conditions suitable for the production of EPS. If the method described in EP-A-0564966 is not implemented, the vector must also comprise at least one functional promoter sequence and at least one functional translational activation sequence, allowing the expression of the genes encoding for at least one of the enzymes according to the invention.
- the present invention also relates to a new process for the synthesis of an EPS, which consists of the repeated assembly of a single saccharide unit, itself formed of a main chain of saccharides whose ends are involved in the polymerization of the units, in which several recombinant enzymes or several recombinant genes capable of being involved in the biosynthesis of EPS having the repetitive saccharide unit are used: ⁇ -D-Gal /? - (l ⁇ 4) - ⁇ -D-Glc /> 1
- these enzymes or these genes in particular chosen from the enzymes or the genes according to the invention, allow the creation on the main chain of the saccharide unit of one or more lactose branches ( ⁇ - D-Galp- ( 1— »4) - ⁇ -D-Glcp) linked to a saccharide of the main chain by their glucose.
- the main chain of the saccharide unit consists of at least 2 saccharides chosen from D-Galp, D-Galf and / or D-Glcp.
- the carbon 1 of the glucose of the lactose ramifications can be linked by a ⁇ sugar linkage to one of the carbons 2-6 of one of the saccharides of the main chain, for example, preferably carpone 3 or 6 d 'a D-Galf.
- an enzyme or a gene which allows the link between an N-acetyl-galactosam and the galactose of the lactose branching can be used. It is also possible to use in addition an enzyme or a supper which allows the bond between the N-acetyl-neuraminic acid and the galactose of the lactose branching, for example.
- This synthesis process can be carried out in vi tro, using the recombinant enzymes and their appropriate substrates. It can also be implemented in vivo, by cloning the appropriate genes and making them express themselves so that the recombinant enzymes thus produced biosynthesize an EPS in the presence of their substrates, for example.
- the present invention also relates to a new branched polysaccharide, constituted by the repeated assembly of a single saccharide unit, it- even formed from a main chain of saccharides whose ends are involved in the polymerization of the units, characterized in that the main chain comprises a ⁇ at least one lactose branching linked to a saccharide of the main chain by its glucose, the galactose of this branching being further bound to an N-acetylgalactosam.
- the carbon 1 of the glucose of the lactose branching can be linked by a ⁇ -sugar linkage to one of the carbons 2-6 of one of the saccharides of the main chain, preferably the carbon 3 or 6 of a D-Galf, for example.
- this polysaccharide cannot be constituted by the repetition of the following saccharide unit:
- the new polysaccharide according to the invention can also comprise an N-acetyl-neurammic acid linked to the galactose of the lactose branching.
- an ⁇ -2, 6-s ⁇ alyltransferase in particular those described by Simth et al. , Sjoberg et al. and / or Yamamoto et al. , (J. of Biol Chem., 269, 15162-15171, 1994; J. Biochem., 271, 7450-7459, 1996; Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 6_2, 210-214, 1998), or an ⁇ - 2,3-sialyltransferase, in particular that sold by Calbiocnem® (Cat No.566218-M, USA), for example.
- - LM17 M17 medium comprising 1% lactose.
- - GM17 M17 medium comprising 1% glucose.
- - HJL tryptone 3%, beef extract 0.2%, yeast extract 1%, lactose 1% and KH 2 P0 4 pH 6.5 0.5%.
- - Ruthenium red yeast extract 0.5%, skimmed milk powder 10%, sucrose 1%, agar 1.5% and 0.08 g / l of ruthenium red (see FR-2632968).
- - MRS 1% peptone proteose, 1% beef extract, 0.5% yeast extract, 2% dextrose, 0.1% tween 80, 0.2% ammonium citrate, 0.5% ammonium acetate , di-potassium phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0, lg / l, and manganese sulfate 0.05 g / 1.
- strains of lactic acid bacteria from the Nestlé collection are cultured in an HJL liquid medium and dilutions are spread on a Ruthenium Red solid medium.
- the EPS producing strains remain white because the EPS prevents the dye from tinting their cell wall.
- the non-producing strains stain red due to the affinity of the dye for the peptidoglycan of their cell wall.
- the S. thermophilus Sfi39 strain which has received the deposit number CNCM 1-1897 and which will be designated in the following examples by the expression "strain Sfi39”, has thus been selected from the EPS-producing lactic acid bacteria.
- the approach attempted in order to isolate the eps genes from the Sfi39 strain is based on the comparison of known eps genes (those of S. thermophilus) and their counterparts (cap, eps, rfb genes) of various species, and even phylogenically unrelated species, such as Gram-negative species. These comparisons thus make it possible to define conserved regions between the species, and to use nucleotide primers derived from these conserved regions in order to amplify by PCR an internal part of the eps operon. of the strain Sf ⁇ 39.
- This approach unfortunately encountered the impossibility of amplifying an eps gene, whatever the primers chosen. The reasons leading to these failures can be multiple, for example linked to a weak homology between the eps genes of the strain Sf ⁇ 39 and those of the conserved regions, or to inadequate PCR conditions, etc.
- genomic DNA of the strain Sfi39 was previously isolated according to the technique of Slos et al. (Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 5_7, 1333-1339, 1991). About 100 ng of genomic DNA and Taq polymerase are used.
- a 143 bp PCR fragment was thus isolated, then cloned into the linearized plasmid pGEMT (Promega, USA).
- the sequencing of this fragment by the dideoxynucleotide method indicates a sequence corresponding to nucleotides 4006 to 4149 of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1.
- This PCR fragment was used to screen a ⁇ -ZAP Express library (Stratagene, USA) containing DNA fragments of the Sfi39 strain.
- a DNA preparation of said mutant is partially digested with Sau3A, the fragments are separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, the bands corresponding to fragments of 5 to 12 kb are cut from the gel, eluted the DNA, then it is ligated to the ⁇ -ZAP Express vector previously digested with BamRI.
- the ligation product is encapsulated using the GigagoldlII system (Stratagene), the phages are then mixed with Escheri chia coli XLIBlue (Stratagene) according to the supplier's recommendations, then the mixture is spread on a Petri dish. .
- the recombinant plaques are then analyzed by hybridization of their DNA transferred to a Hybond-N membrane (Amersham Life Sciences, UK) with the PCR fragment previously made radioactive (Random P ⁇ med DNA Label g kit, Boehr ger-Manheim).
- sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 has 1 operon eps of the strain Sf ⁇ 39 and comprises 10 complete ORFs, in the same orientation, which is called epsl, eps2, eps3, eps4, eps5, eps ⁇ , eps7, eps8, eps9 and epsl O (see Figure 1).
- nucleotides 4832-5527 and eps5 have more than 80% identity with the genes epsA, epsB, epsC and epsD of the S. thermophilus Sfi6 strain described in EP750043 (Genbank, n ° U40830), and with the eps ⁇ gene of S. salvarius (GenBank, n ° X94980).
- ORFs respectively code for proteins having more than 90% identity with the proteins EpsA, EpsB, ⁇ psC, EpsD and EpsE of S. thermophilus and S. salivarius.
- ORFs epsl, eps2, eps3, eps4 and eps5 respectively code for proteins having the amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NC: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6.
- the ORF eps6 (nucleotides 8633-10678) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 7) having approximately 20% identity with the protein RfbC from Klebsi ella pneumaniae (Genbank, n ° L41518). This homology confirms its role in the biosynthesis of EPS.
- ORF eps7 (nucleotides 10703-11668) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 8) having approximately 33% identity with the Epsl protein of S. thermophilus Sfi6.
- the eps ⁇ ORF (nucleotides 12838-13785) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 9) having approximately 30% identity with the Epsl protein of S. thermophilus Sfi6. This homology indicates that the protein is obviously a beta-glycosyltransferase.
- the ORF eps9 (nucleotides 14138-15553) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 10) having approximately 40% identity with the protein EpsK of Lactococcus lactis
- the ORF epsl O (nucleotides 16919-18013) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 11) having approximately 62% identity with the Galf protein of Escheri chia coli
- genomic mserts isolated from the pCMV vectors cover a genomic region of the strain S. thermophilus Sf ⁇ 39 which is manifestly involved in the biosynthesis of EPS.
- the epsl -10 gene of 1 Operon is inactivated by homologous recomomaison to confirm their importance in the biosynthesis of EPS.
- a fragment of each ORF originating from one of the pCMV vectors described in Example I above is amplified by PCR, the PCR product is ligated into the heat-sensitive plasmid pSA3 previously digested, the strain E is transformed. . coli XLl-blue by the ligation product, transformants are selected, a recombinant plasmid is isolated, then the S. thermophilus Sfi39 strain is transformed by electroporation with the recombinant plasmid using a method adapted from that described by Slos et al.
- the selected colonies are then incubated in 2 ml of HJL medium supplemented with 2.5 ⁇ g / ml of erythromycm until the optical density at 600 nm (DOgoo) of the culture reaches 0.2, the culture is subjected to 45 ° C until the OD CQQ reaches 1.0 (the plasmid no longer replicates), then dilutions of the culture are spread on a solid LM17 medium supplemented with 2.5 ⁇ g / ml of erythromycm than l '' incubate 12 h at 45 ° C.
- the surviving colonies integrated the recombinant pSA3 plasmid into one of 10 eps genes.
- Example III Biosynthesis of an EPS A plasmid is prepared from the plasmid pSA3 (Dao et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., ___, 115-119, 1985), by adding a DNA fragment of the strain Sfi39 containing the 17.2 kb sequence described in Example I (see the sequence list), and adding the regulatory parts of the eps operon of the S. thermophilus Sfi6 strain (EP750043), so that the expression (transcription and translation) of the eps genes of the Sfi39 strain can be correctly performed in S. thermophilus.
- a plasmid is prepared from the plasmid pSA3 by adding a DNA fragment of the strain Sfi39 containing the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 described in example I (see the sequence list), and by adding the regulatory parts of 1 epson operon of the S. thermophilus strain Sfi6 ( ⁇ P750043), so that the expression (transcription and translation) of the eps genes of the strain Sfi39 can be carried out in S. thermophilus.
- the S. thermophilus CNCM 1-1351 strain which was deposited on August 5, 1993 according to the Budapest Treaty is then transformed by electroporation with this plasmid. Any other shooting strain of S. thermophilus could also have been used.
- Genomic DNA of the CNCM 1-1897 strain is isolated by the method of Slos et al. (1991).
- the DNA preparation is digested with PstI and BamHI, the DNA fragments are separated by electrophoresis on 0.7% agarose gel, the fragments greater than 20 kb are eluted, the DNA extracted is ligated to the vector pJIM2279 ( obtained from P. Renault, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, Paris, France) previously digested with PstI and BamHI then dephosphorylated.
- the Lactococcus lactis MG1363 strain J.
- the clones transformed are selected by hybridization of the genomic DNA of the clones with one of the probes derived from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1. Among the transformants, the positive clones are selected.
- Example VI Preparation of functional genes homologous to the eps 6, eps7, eps 8, esp9 and eps 10 genes
- Functional derivatives of the eps ⁇ , eps7, eps8, esp9 and epsl O genes are prepared by using a method adapted from that described by Adams et al.
- each of the eps genes is isolated by PCR from the genomic DNA of the strain Sfi39.
- the primers used are chosen from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1, so as to amplify only each gene.
- Each PCR product was cloned into the pFGl vector derived from the vector pSA3 (Dao et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 49., 115-119, 1985) which contains, in addition to the erythromycin selection gene, the gene chloramphenicol selection and the promoter regulating the transcription and translation of the eps operon of the strain Sfi6 (EP750043).
- each PCR product is cloned functionally downstream of this promoter so that the eps gene can be normally expressed in S. thermophilus.
- each vector is subjected to chemical mutagenesis m-vi tro with hydroxylamine, as described by Adams et al.
- the E. coli XLl-blue strain is transformed with the pFGl plasmids treated with the mutagenic agent, transformants are selected, a recombinant plasmid is isolated, then the recombinant plasmid is incorporated by electroporation into a mutant of the S. thermophilus Sf ⁇ 39 strain. whose eps gene which is also carried by the plasmid pFG1 was previously inactivated as described in Example II.
- the transformation is carried out by a method adapted from that described by Slos et al. (Appi. Environ.
- the strains of lactic acid bacteria transformed in an HJL liquid medium are cultivated, dilutions are spread over a Ruthenium Red solid medium, the producing strains are selected. of EPS which remain white, and the rheological properties of the EPS produced by each clone are compared to that of the EPS produced by the strain Sf ⁇ 39. By observing in particular the viscosity and the normal strength of the EPS of each clone, it was thus possible to identify certain clones producing an EPS having a different property.
- Each of the eps genes is isolated by PCR from the genomic DNA of the strain Sfi39.
- the primers used are chosen from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1
- the vectors thus treated are then introduced into the E. coli DH5 ⁇ strain (Stratagen, US) which does not naturally have glycosyltransferase activity.
- the transformed DH5 ⁇ strains are cultured in LB medium containing ampicillin up to a DOgoo of 0.8, 1 mM IPTG is added to the culture medium, the cells are incubated for 2 h, the cells are centrifuged at 6000 g for 10 min at 4 ° C., they are washed in buffer A (50 mM Tris-acetate pH8, ImM of DTT, 1 mM EDTA and 10% glycerol), they are centrifuged again, they are resuspended the cells in buffer A additionally containing 1 mM PMSF (phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride) and the suspension is subjected to 15000 psi.
- PMSF phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride
- the whole cells are eliminated by centrifugation at 6000 g for 15 min at 4 ° C., the cell membranes of the supernatant are recovered by ultracentrifugation at 100,000 g for 1 h, and the aliquot is resuspended in buffer A.
- This protocol thus generally allows '' get about 10 mg / ml protein.
- the Sfi39 strain is cultivated in a medium containing D-Glcp, D-Galp and D-Galf, subjects the cells of this culture to 20,000 psi, the saccharide chains in formation (linked to a primer) are extracted from the membranes by treating the cellular debris with chloroform / methanol (2: 1), by evaporating the extract.
- chloroform / methanol (2: 1) chloroform / methanol
- the specificity of the glycosyltransferases present in the membranes is then determined by a method similar to that described by Kolkman et al. (Mol. Microbiol., 2_6, 197-208, 1997). For this, the reaction is carried out for 2 h, in a reaction volume of 150 ⁇ l, 100 ⁇ l (approximately 1 mg) of membranes, 50 mM of Tris-acetate pH8, 10 mM of MgCl2, ImM of EDTA, 1 ⁇ l (approximately 25 nCi) of UDP [14C] _ Glcp, of UDP [14C] -Qalp or of UDP U4C] -Galf according to the glycosyltransferase considered, and the deposit containing the saccharide chains in formation unlabeled isolated from the strain Sfi39 (see paragraph above).
- the oligosaccharides are detached from their primer by carrying out a gentle hydrolysis in 50 mM of TFA (ac. Trifluoroacetic) at 90 ° C for 20 min.
- TFA ac. Trifluoroacetic
- the oligosaccharides are subjected to extensive hydrolysis in a 4M TFA solution for 1 h at 125 ° C.
- hydrolysates are then dried and resuspended in 5 ml of transporting saccharides in 40% isopropanol (5 mg / ml of each of the following saccharides: Glc,
- Example VIII Cloning of the Lactobacillus helveti cus operon CNCM 1-1449 involved in the synthesis of an EPS
- EPS produced by the strain Lactobacillus helveticus LH59 (CNCM 1-1449) has already been presented by Stingele et al. (Carbohydrate Research, 302, 197-202, 1997), and in patent application EP-A-0699689, the technical content of these documents being incorporated by reference.
- This strain is used in particular for the fermentation of dairy products such as cheese.
- This PCR fragment was used to screen a ⁇ -ZAP Express library (Stratagene, USA) containing DNA fragments of the LH59 strain according to the method described in Example 1.
- a ⁇ -ZAP Express library (Stratagene, USA) containing DNA fragments of the LH59 strain according to the method described in Example 1.
- the sequence SEQ ID NO: 12 contains 1 operon eps of the strain LH59 and includes a transposition element oriented in the opposite direction to 11 complete ORFs presented in the same orientation, which is called epsl to epsll.
- This transposition element is a fragment of cryptic plasmid of L. helveticus pLH3 (Pridmore et al., FEMS Microbiological Letters, 124, pp. 301-306 (1994)) (see FIG. 2).
- the ORF epsl codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 13) having approximately 59% identity with undecaprenyl-phosphate-glycosyl-1-phosphate-transferases, in particular of S. salivarius (Genbank , no. P72577). This homology confirms its role in the biosynthesis of EPS.
- the ORF eps2 codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 14) having approximately 36% identity with an ⁇ -glycosyltransferase from S. thermophilus (Genbank, no. Q56044), in particular at SX2EX7E motif present in all these enzymes. This homology confirms its role in the biosynthesis of EPS.
- the EPS3 ORF (nucleotides 2851 -3942) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 15) having approximately 32% identity with glycosyltransferases, in particular from Bacillus subtilis (Genbank, no. P71055). This ORF thus probably codes for an ⁇ -glycosyltransferase.
- the ORF eps4 codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 16) having approximately 28% identity with glycosyltransferases, in particular of Bacillus subtilis (Genbank, n ° P71055). This ORF probably codes for an ⁇ -glycosyltransferase.
- the EPS5 ORF codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 17) having approximately 29% identity with ⁇ -glycosyltransferases, in particular of S. thermophilus (GenBank n ° O07339). This homology confirms its role in the biosynthesis of EPS.
- Eps ⁇ ORF encodes a protein (SEQ ID NO: 18) having approximately 29% identity with ⁇ -glycosyltransferases, particularly S. thermophilus (GenBank # O07339). This homology confirms its role in the biosynthesis of EPS.
- the EPS7 ORF (nucleotides 7095 -8258) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 19) having approximately 27% identity with an EPS polymerase from S. pneumaniae (GenBank n ° O07867). This homology confirms its role in the biosynthesis of EPS.
- the eps ⁇ ORF codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 20) having approximately 27% identity with glycogenmes (GenBank n ° Q22997; P46976; P132780). These homologies confirm its role in the biosynthesis of EPS probably as a glycosyltransferase.
- the ORF eps9 (nucleotides 9125 -10263) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 21) similar to UDP-galactosyl-pyranose-mutase from ⁇ . coli K-12 involved in the conversion of UDP-galactopyranose to UDP-galactofuranose.
- the ORF eps9 must play a central role in the synthesis of exopolysaccharides, since it allows the transfer of phosphofuranose to the next repeating unit.
- the ORF eps10 codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 22) having similarities with the EpsK of Lactococcus lactis, the CpsL of Streptococcus pneumoneia, the TrsA of Hiersma enterocol ti ca and the RfbX of E Coli (Yao and Valvano, Journal of Bacte ⁇ ology, 176, pp. 4133-4143 (1994)). These homologies confirm its role as a transport unit for the polysaccharides formed.
- the ORF epsll codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 23) having similarities with protein 0331 from E. Coli and IcaC from Staphylococcus epidermidi s (Elmann et al., Molecular Microbiology, 20 (5), pp. 1083-1091 (1996)). These homologies confirm its role as a unit for the synthesis or export of exopolysaccharides.
- the genomic mserts isolated from the pCMV vectors cover a genomic region of the L. helveticus LH59 strain which is manifestly involved in the biosynthesis of EPS.
- the epsl-8 gene of the operon is inactivated by homologous recombination to confirm their importance in the biosynthesis of EPS.
- a fragment of each ORF originating from one of the pCMV vectors described in Example I above is amplified by PCR, the PCR product is ligated into the plasmid pSA3 suitably digested beforehand, the E. coli strain is transformed. XLl-blue by the ligation product, transformants are selected, a recombinant plasmid is isolated, then the L. helveticus LH59 strain is transformed with the recombinant plasmid using the method described by Thompson et al. (Appi. Micob.
- the transformed cells are spread on an MRS solid medium supplemented with 2.5 ⁇ g / ml of erythromycin, which is then incubated for 16 h at 45 ° C., then the transformed colonies which survive are selected.
- the surviving colonies integrated the recombinant pSA3 plasmid into one of the 8 eps genes. This can be verified by Southern-Blot of a digested preparation of genomic DNA from the surviving colonies, and hybridization of the Southern-Blot filter with the PCR product made radioactive. The colonies having integrated the plasmid have different bands than those obtained under the same conditions with the wild strain. In addition, the colonies having integrated into one of the 8 eps genes the recombinant plasmid present have lost their spinning character in an MSK milk.
- Example X Biosynthesis of an EPS
- a plasmid is prepared from the plasmid pSA3 (Dao et al. (1985)), by adding a DNA fragment of the LH59 strain containing the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO -.12 described in Example VIII and by adding the regulatory parts of the eps operon of the S. thermophilus strain Sfi6 (EP750043), so that the expression (transcription and translation) of the eps genes of the LH59 strain can be carried out in S. thermophilus.
- Example XI Biosynthesis of an EPS
- a plasmid is prepared from the plasmid pSA3 by adding a DNA fragment of the strain LH59 containing the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 12 described in Example I and by adding the regulatory parts of the eps operon of the S. thermophilus strain Sfi6 (EP750043), so that the expression (transcription and translation) of the eps genes of the LH59 strain can be carried out in S. thermophilus.
- the S. thermophilus CNCM 1-1351 strain which was deposited on August 5, 1993 according to the Budapest Treaty is then transformed by electroporation with this plasmid. Any other S. thermophilus shooting strain could also have been used.
- Example XII Biosynthesis of an EPS
- the genomic DNA of the LH59 strain is isolated by the method of Slos et al. (1991).
- the DNA preparation is digested with SalI and BamHI, the DNA fragments are separated by electrophoresis on 0.7% agarose gel, the fragments greater than 5 kb are eluted, the DNA extracted is extracted with the vector pJIM2279 beforehand digested with Sali and BamHI then dephosphorylated.
- the strain Lactococcus lactis MG1363 (1983) is transformed as described in Example V.
- the clones transformed are selected by hybridization of the genomic DNA of the clones with one of the probes derived from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 12. Among the transformants, the positive clones are selected.
- Example XIII Preparation of Functional Genes Homologous to the EPS Genes
- Functional derivatives of the epsl-8 genes are prepared using a method adapted from that described by Adams et al. (EP-A-0402450; Genencor).
- each of the eps genes is isolated by PCR from the genomic DNA of the LH59 strain.
- the primers used are chosen from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 12, so as to amplify only each gene.
- Each PCR product is cloned into the expression vector pQE60 (Qiagen, US) functionally downstream of an E. coli promoter regulating the transcription and translation of the eps gene.
- each vector is subjected to intra chemical mutagenesis with hydroxylamine, as described by Adams et al.
- the E. coli DH5 ⁇ strain is transformed
- Example XIV polysaccharide synthesis with the glycosyltransferases of LH59
- Each of the eps genes coding for a glycosyltransferase is isolated by PCR from the genomic DNA of the LH59 concern.
- the primers used are chosen from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 12, so as to amplify only each gene according to the method described in 1 example VII.
- the LH59 strain is cultivated in a medium containing D-Glcp, D-Galp and D-Galf, the cells of this culture are subjected to 20,000 psi, the saccharide chains in formation (linked to a primer) are extracted from the membranes. by treating cell debris with chloroform / methanol and then evaporating the extract.
- the procedure is the same with the strain LH59 cultivated in the presence of radioactive saccharides.
- the specificity of the glycosyltransferases present in the membranes is then determined by a method similar to that described in Example VII.
- Example XV Synthesis of a New Polysaccharide 0
- the EPS is purified from a culture medium of the Lactobacillus helveti cus TY1-2 strain (Y. Yamamoto et al., Carbonydrate Research, 261, 67-78, 1994). This EPS is constituted by the repetition of the following saccharide unit: 5 ⁇ -D-Gal / M l ⁇ 4) - ⁇ -D-Glc / 7
- an N-acetylgalactosamme is grafted onto the galactose of the lactose branches of EPS, using a ⁇ -1, 4-N-acetylgalactosammyl-transferase and its appropriate substrate, for example those described by Lutz et al. and Yamashiro et al. (J. of Biol. Chem., 269, 29227-29231, 1994; J. of Biol. Chem., 270. 6149-6155, 1995).
- Example XVI Synthesis of a New Polysaccharide 5
- the EPS of Example XV is subjected to a-2, 3-sialyltransferase marketed by Calbiochem® (Cat No. 566618 -M, USA) in the presence of its appropriate substrate .
- Example XVII Synthesis of a New Polysaccharide 0
- the EPS of Example XV is subjected to the ⁇ -2,6-sialyltransferase described by Sjoberg et al., Or to the ⁇ -2,6-sialyltransferase described by Yamamoto et al. , in the presence of their appropriate substrates (J. Biochem., 271, 7450-7459, 1996; Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 62, 210-214, 1998). 5
- the structure of the EPS produced by the strain 0 L. bulgaricus Lfi5 was determined by magnetic resonance, according to a technique similar to those described in EP 97111379.0 and EP 97111381.6.
- the results show that the EPS consists of the following repeating unit: 5 ⁇ -D-Gal ⁇ -L-Rap ⁇ -D-Gal /?
- a PCR fragment could thus be isolated and then cloned into the linearized plasmid pGEMT (Promega, USA).
- the sequencing of this fragment by the dideoxynucleotide method indicates a sequence corresponding to nucleotides 1698 to 1841 of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 24.
- This PCR fragment was used to screen a ⁇ -ZAP Express bank (Stratagene, USA) containing DNA fragments of the Lf ⁇ 5 strain according to the protocol of Example 1.
- sequence SEQ ID NO: 24 presents the operon eps of the strain Lf ⁇ 5 and includes 14 complete ORFs, in the same orientation, which is called epsA to epsN (see FIG. 3 ).
- the ORF epsA (nucleotides 295 - 1326 ⁇ codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 24) having 32% identity with the LytR protein from Synechocytis sp Pcc 6803 (Genbank no.
- the EPSB ORF codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 25) having approximately 26% identity with the CapA protein of Staphylococcus aureus (Genbank no.
- the epsC ORF (nucleotides 2514-2858) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 27) having approximately 38% identity with the EpsB protein Lactococcus lactis (GenBank n ° O06030). This ORF thus probably codes for a regulatory protein involved in the control of the molecular weight and / or the length of the polysaccharide chain.
- the ORF epsD (nucleotides 3020-3796) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 28) having approximately 41% identity with the protein EpsC Lactococcus lactis (GenBank n ° O06031). This homology confirms the role of this ORF in the synthesis of an EPS.
- the EPSE ORF codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 29) having approximately 44% identity with the protein Cpsl4E from Streptococcus pneumoniae
- the EPSF ORF codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 30) having approximately 30% identity with the EpsF protein of Streptococcus thermophilus
- the EPSG ORF codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 31) having approximately 34% identity with the EpsG protein of Streptococcus thermophilus
- the EPSH ORF codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 32) having approximately 37% identity with the protein YveO of Bacillus subtilis (Genbank, n ° P71054). This ORF thus obviously codes for a ⁇ -glycosyltransferase.
- the EPSJ ORF (nucleotides 7839-8708) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 33) having approximately 23% identity with the protein Cpsl4K from S. pneumaniae (Genbank, n ° O07341). This ORF thus obviously codes for a glycosyltransferase.
- the EPSJ ORF (nucleotides 9213-10196) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 34) having approximately 33% identity with the Eps I protein of S. thermophilus (GenBank n ° Q56046). This ORF thus obviously codes for a ⁇ -glycosyltransferase.
- the ORF epsK (nucleotides 10227-11288) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 35) having approximately 24% identity with the protein YveQ Bacillus subtilus (GenBank P71056). This ORF thus probably codes for a protein responsible for the polymerization of repeat units.
- the EPSL ORF (nucleotides 11358 -12284) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 36) having approximately 20% identity with the RfaS protein of E. coli (GenBank n ° P27126). This homology demonstrates that this ORF is involved in the biosynthesis of an EPS.
- the epsM ORF (nucleotides 2372-13382) codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 37) having approximately 38% identity with the CpsH protein of Streptococcus agaloctiae (GenBank n ° 087183). This homology shows that this ORF is involved in the biosynthesis of an EPS.
- the ORF epsN codes for a protein (SEQ ID NO: 38) having approximately 35% identity with the protein Cpsl9BJ of Streptococcus pneumonoiae
- Example XIX Biosynthesis of an EPS
- a plasmid is prepared from the plasmid pSA3 (Dao et al. (1985)), by adding a DNA fragment of the strain Lfi5 containing the sequence SEQ ID NO: 24 and by adding the regulatory parts of the eps operon of the S. thermophilus Sfi6 strain (EP750043), so that the expression (transcription and translation) of the eps genes of the Lfi5 strain can be carried out in S. thermophilus as proposed in example X.
- Example XX Biosynthesis of an EPS
- a plasmid is prepared from the plasmid pSA3, by adding a DNA fragment of the Lfi5 strain containing the sequence SEQ ID NO: 24 and by adding the regulatory parts of the epson operon of the strain S. thermophilus Sfi6 (EP750043), so that the expression (transcription and translation) of the eps genes of the Lfi5 strain can be carried out in S. thermophilus as proposed in Example XI.
- Chromosomal DNA from the CNCM 1-800 strain is isolated, the DNA preparation is digested with Xbal, the DNA fragments are separated by electrophoresis on 0.7% agarose gel, the further fragments are eluted of 9 kb, the DNA extracted is ligated to the vector pJIM2279 (obtained from P. Renault, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, Paris, France) previously digested with Xbal then dephosphorylated.
- the Lactococcus lacti s MG1363 strain is transformed as described in Example V.
- the clones transformed are selected by hybridization of the genomic DNA of the clones with one of the probes derived from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 24.
- each of the eps genes is isolated by PCR from the genomic DNA of the Lfi5 strain (CNCM 1-800).
- the primers used are chosen from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 24, so as to amplify only each gene.
- Each PCR product is cloned according to the method described in Example XIII.
- the enzymatic specificity of the enzymes expressed in each E. coli clone is analyzed, using the method described in Example XVII.
- Example XXIII Synthesis of Polysaccha ⁇ des with Lf ⁇ 5 Glycosyltransferases
- Each of the eps genes coding for a glycosyltransferase is isolated by PCR from the genomic DNA of the Lf ⁇ 5 strain (CNCM 1-800).
- the primers used are chosen from the sequence SEQ ID NO: 24, so as to amplify only each gene according to the protocol described in Example VII using the expression vector pBAD (Invitrogen, USA).
- the Lf ⁇ 5 strain is cultivated in a medium containing D-Glcp, D-Galp and L-Rhap, the cells of this culture are subjected to 20,000 psi, the saccharide chains in formation (linked to a primer) are extracted from the membranes. by treating cell debris with chloroform / methanol (2: 1) and evaporating the extract.
- chloroform / methanol (2: 1) As a control in the tests which will follow, the procedure is the same with the strain Lf ⁇ 5 cultivated in the presence of radioactive saccharides.
- the specificity of the glycosyltransferases present in the membranes is then determined by a method similar to that described in Example VII.
- the epsA to epsM genes were amplified by PCR and inserted into the shuttle vector pTRKH2 (0 'Sullivan et al., Gene, 137, pp. 227-231 (1993)) and cloned into heterologous hosts Lactococcus lactis MG1363 so as to determine if such a fragment allows the production of EPS by this strain. After restriction analysis of the different PCR amplicons, it was shown that no detectable deletion or rearrangement took place during the cloning steps. The transformants analyzed on the plates by means of a toothpick test show a threading phenotype by the strains not having this phenotype at the origin. This proves that the esp genes introduced are responsible for the synthesis of EPS by these transformed strains.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU59696/99A AU5969699A (en) | 1998-04-22 | 1999-04-22 | Lactic acid bacteria producing exopolysaccharides |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98201310A EP0957168A1 (fr) | 1998-04-22 | 1998-04-22 | Identification de gènes de Streptococcus thermophilus Sfi39 impliqués dans la biosynthèse d'exopolysaccharides |
| EP98201311A EP0957169A1 (fr) | 1998-04-22 | 1998-04-22 | Identification de gènes de Lactobacillus helveticus LH59 impliqués dans la biosynthèse d'exopolysaccharides |
| EP98201312.0 | 1998-04-22 | ||
| EP98201310.4 | 1998-04-22 | ||
| EP98201311.2 | 1998-04-22 | ||
| EP98201312A EP0957170A1 (fr) | 1998-04-22 | 1998-04-22 | Identification de gènes de Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus Lfi5 impliqués dans la biosynthèse d'exopolysaccharides |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999062316A2 true WO1999062316A2 (fr) | 1999-12-09 |
| WO1999062316A3 WO1999062316A3 (fr) | 2000-08-17 |
Family
ID=27239317
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1999/003011 Ceased WO1999054475A2 (fr) | 1998-04-22 | 1999-04-22 | Identification de genes de bacteries lactiques dans la biosynthese des exopolysaccharides |
| PCT/EP1999/002841 Ceased WO1999062316A2 (fr) | 1998-04-22 | 1999-04-22 | Identification de genes de bacteries lactiques impliques dans la biosynthese d'exopolysaccharides |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1999/003011 Ceased WO1999054475A2 (fr) | 1998-04-22 | 1999-04-22 | Identification de genes de bacteries lactiques dans la biosynthese des exopolysaccharides |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (2) | AU4604499A (fr) |
| WO (2) | WO1999054475A2 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2807766A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-19 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Operons de streptococcus thermophilus impliques dans la synthese des eps |
| WO2001057234A3 (fr) * | 2000-02-02 | 2002-05-10 | Oregon State | Biopolymere epaississant |
| WO2007144770A3 (fr) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-04-17 | Danisco | Bactérie |
| WO2023094430A1 (fr) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-06-01 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Polysaccharides permettant d'améliorer la capacité de rétention d'eau de produits laitiers |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6537786B2 (en) | 2000-09-01 | 2003-03-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Genes encoding exopolysaccharide production |
| WO2008053588A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha | Gène régulateur de la production de cytokines et utilisation de celui-ci |
| CN108251348A (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-07-06 | 上海理工大学 | 一种嗜热链球菌感受态细胞的制备及转化方法 |
| WO2025233418A1 (fr) * | 2024-05-08 | 2025-11-13 | International N&H Denmark Aps | Souches de streptococcus thermophilus ayant des propriétés de texturation améliorées |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK0699689T3 (da) * | 1994-08-19 | 2000-05-08 | Nestle Sa | Forgrenet polysaccharid, mikroorganisme, der producerer dette, samt præparater indeholdende disse |
| EP0750042A1 (fr) * | 1995-06-20 | 1996-12-27 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Bactéries lactiques produisant des exopolysaccharides |
| EP0750043B1 (fr) * | 1995-06-20 | 2001-05-23 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Bactéries lactiques produisant des exopolysaccharides |
-
1999
- 1999-04-22 AU AU46044/99A patent/AU4604499A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-04-22 WO PCT/EP1999/003011 patent/WO1999054475A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-04-22 WO PCT/EP1999/002841 patent/WO1999062316A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-04-22 AU AU59696/99A patent/AU5969699A/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001057234A3 (fr) * | 2000-02-02 | 2002-05-10 | Oregon State | Biopolymere epaississant |
| US7256029B2 (en) | 2000-02-02 | 2007-08-14 | United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Biopolymer thickener |
| FR2807766A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-19 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Operons de streptococcus thermophilus impliques dans la synthese des eps |
| WO2001079500A3 (fr) * | 2000-04-18 | 2002-06-20 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Operons de streptococcus thermophilus impliques dans la synthese des exopolysaccharides (eps) |
| WO2007144770A3 (fr) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-04-17 | Danisco | Bactérie |
| US20100034924A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2010-02-11 | Christophe Fremaux | Bacterium |
| US9980499B2 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2018-05-29 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Streptococcus thermophilus lactic acid bacterium |
| WO2023094430A1 (fr) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-06-01 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Polysaccharides permettant d'améliorer la capacité de rétention d'eau de produits laitiers |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5969699A (en) | 1999-12-20 |
| WO1999054475A2 (fr) | 1999-10-28 |
| AU4604499A (en) | 1999-11-08 |
| WO1999062316A3 (fr) | 2000-08-17 |
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