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WO1999059692A1 - Dispositif de filtration pour le prelevement de fluides - Google Patents

Dispositif de filtration pour le prelevement de fluides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999059692A1
WO1999059692A1 PCT/AT1999/000108 AT9900108W WO9959692A1 WO 1999059692 A1 WO1999059692 A1 WO 1999059692A1 AT 9900108 W AT9900108 W AT 9900108W WO 9959692 A1 WO9959692 A1 WO 9959692A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
openings
flow
chamber
fluid
suction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AT1999/000108
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Fleischhacker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU35887/99A priority Critical patent/AU3588799A/en
Publication of WO1999059692A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999059692A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D29/56—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection
    • B01D29/58—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection arranged concentrically or coaxially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/114—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B01D29/115—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements arranged for inward flow filtration open-ended, the arrival of the mixture to be filtered and the discharge of the concentrated mixture are situated on both opposite sides of the filtering element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/152—Water filtration

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filter device for withdrawing fluids, preferably from flowing waters.
  • fluid essentially means liquids, the device being able to be used particularly advantageously in flowing waters.
  • the difficulty in extracting fluids from flows is that, particularly in the case of turbulent but also laminar flows, particles of various sizes are carried along, which have to be filtered out.
  • such devices are often installed near the shore, which can lead to problems during flooding.
  • Prior art tapping devices can be simple conduits that divert some of the flowing fluid, with conventional filters built into the conduits to remove the carried particles, such as rocks, soil, leaves, organisms, etc. Such devices are quickly clogged by moving the filter with the particles and have to be cleaned, during which the operation often has to be stopped. This often cumbersome maintenance is time-consuming and costly.
  • a device for supplying or removing fluids into or from the ground, filter beds or the like in order to overcome these difficulties is described in the Austrian utility model AT U 1305 by the same author.
  • the flow areas are formed from porous material of different local porosity, the free flow cross section of which per unit area increases in the flow direction.
  • This porous construction ensures an even, finely distributed delivery or absorption of the fluids, whereby the special multilayer structure (under certain conditions) largely prevents the pores from being blocked.
  • solids contained in the fluid can only penetrate into the first layer up to a certain grain size; are you once urgently, because of the increase in the free flow cross-section in the subsequent layers, do not lay the pipe wall, but are discharged to the outlet side.
  • Another utility model application GM 598/97 by the same author describes a device for supplying or removing fluids, which can be manufactured more easily, even by machine.
  • Each flow area is formed by a large number of radial perforations, the clear width of which increases continuously or in steps in the flow direction.
  • the openings must have a minimal size, since otherwise the amount of inflowing fluid becomes too small for very small openings.
  • the throughput of the device drops dramatically, and it is not effective.
  • the entry of particles into this device is determined solely by the size of the openings, all smaller particles can get into the device unhindered. Once they are in the device, they are also removed from the device together with the fluid. For further mechanical cleaning, additional filters must be installed, which in turn are laid through the particles over time.
  • the filter device is characterized in that the device comprises a combination of at least one settling chamber with at least one suction chamber, and that the device has inlet openings into the (first) settling chamber, flow openings between the individual Chambers, outlet openings from each chamber for the discharge of non-aspirated fluid from the device and at least one suction opening in the suction chamber (s) for the removal of the filtered fluid from the device, wherein in each chamber the inlet openings are smaller than the outlet openings and the flow openings are smaller than the inlet openings.
  • the inlet openings serve the purpose of a coarse filtration, whereby larger particles are prevented from entering the settling chamber.
  • the settling chamber is used for pre-cleaning before the fluid gets into the suction chamber: Flow openings that are smaller than the inlet openings into the settling chamber are provided between the settling chamber and the suction chamber, which results in a further, stronger filtration. Larger particles can pass through the inlet openings into the settling chamber, but are prevented from entering the suction chamber and remain in the settling chamber, where they cannot settle but are discharged out of the device again from the outlet openings. This effectively prevents blockages.
  • the filtered fluid that enters the suction chamber can now be sucked out through at least one suction opening, after which the fluid can be used for any use.
  • the at least one suction opening can be provided with or without further filters and can be attached at any point in the suction chamber.
  • the suction chamber further comprises outlet openings from which the fluid which has not been sucked out is discharged, the smaller particles still contained in turn being unable to displace the chamber.
  • the outlet openings are present in each settling and suction chamber, whereby particles are discharged from each chamber so that no particles accumulate anywhere in the device.
  • the outlet openings must be larger than the respective openings through which the fluid enters this chamber since they should not cause any filtration.
  • An outlet opening can also be provided which has a sieve provided with a plurality of openings oa has.
  • the filter device is of course not limited to a settling chamber and a suction chamber. This embodiment is the simplest and will suffice in some cases. A preferred embodiment, however, is that the device comprises two or more settling chambers and / or two or more suction chambers. It is important that there are flow openings between two chambers and at least one outlet opening in each chamber. Basically, the suction chambers are arranged downstream of the settling chambers. But it would also be conceivable that the order is variable, i.e. that a suction chamber is arranged between two settling chambers, the last chamber being a suction chamber. As a result, the purity of the extracted fluid is also affected by the presence of several, e.g. Variable suction chambers installed between the settling chambers.
  • the particularly heavily cleaned fluid can be used for applications in which a high level of purity is required (e.g. drinking water), less heavily cleaned fluid meets less demanding requirements.
  • This use of less heavily filtered water is particularly advantageous if there is a lack of water.
  • the more suction openings in the device the more cleaned fluid can be sucked off.
  • the number of settling chambers and, regardless of this, the number of suction chambers and their sequence, as well as the number of suction openings are variable.
  • the inlet openings of the first settling chamber each have a diameter in the range of approximately 1-10 mm. It has been found that maximum efficiency of the filter device is achieved with these dimensions. In the range of 1-10 mm (on average 5 mm) depending on the size of the particles in the fluid, a compromise between see the inlet of the largest possible volume of fluid into the filter device through the largest possible inlet openings with a simultaneous high filtering effect achieved by the smallest possible inlet openings.
  • the filter device is not intended to be limited to these dimensions, since it is to be used for a system which has an average level of contamination. In the case of flowing waters, for example, the water of a mountain stream places very different demands on a filter device than industrial waters. The same applies to laminar and turbulent fluids.
  • a particularly space-saving embodiment of the filter device according to the invention is provided if the chambers are designed as tubes lying one inside the other. Both the cross section and the position of the individual chambers relative to one another are variable.
  • the chambers can be designed as circular or semicircular, lenticular or oval tubes, but also as angular bodies. Furthermore, they are either arranged concentrically one inside the other, or - for better separation of the particles by more space - they jointly hit a surface or combinations between the two embodiments.
  • the chambers can also be arranged side by side, the entire device preferably having a streamlined outline, i.e. has the lowest possible resistance to the fluid flowing around the filter device.
  • a preferred embodiment is given when the flow openings in the downstream chamber (s), based on the direction of flow, are smaller than the flow openings in the preceding chamber (s). This ensures that the fluid is filtered more strongly when entering the next settling or suction chamber. The more settling chambers in the device, the stronger the filtering effect of the device.
  • the reduction in the flow openings is such that the downstream flow openings, based on the direction of flow, are 40-70%, in particular 60%, of the size of the each previous flow or inlet openings. It has been found that this reduction brings about optimum filtration, with a large proportion of the particles contained in the fluid being retained.
  • the inlet, flow, outlet and suction openings have a round or angular cross section.
  • the different openings of one and the same device can have the same but also different cross sections. Due to the better use of space, however, a circular or oval cross section is usually chosen.
  • the clear width of an inlet, flow, outlet or suction opening increases conically or step-wise in the direction of flow. This largely prevents the openings from being moved. This is useful in the case of particularly contaminated fluid, the maintenance and cleaning of the filter device having to be carried out less frequently or not at all. An overgrowth caused by floating parts is further a displacement of the opening edges against each other prevented.
  • Filtering is particularly efficient if the fluid in the settling chamber (s) is set in a cyclonic flow. This is achieved by the position of the openings in relation to the direction of flow, the fluid which passes through the openings of the filter device undergoing a change in the direction of flow.
  • the fluid In the (sedimentation) chamber, the fluid is, so to speak, "rotated", with some of the particles, namely those with a larger mass, being centrifuged out. These centrifuged particles settle in the respective chamber, and are subsequently discharged from the chamber through the outlet openings.
  • the fluid set in cyclone-like rotation from which the particles of larger mass are separated, can enter the subsequent chamber through the passage openings, the fluid in turn being set in cyclone-like rotation.
  • the outlet openings of the suction chamber (s) can be closed at least temporarily. In the event of a lack of water, the outlet openings can be closed, so that the entire amount of water entering the suction chambers is drawn off through the suction openings. In this way, water loss is minimized.
  • a further advantage of these closable outlet openings is that when the suction chamber is moved, the outlet openings are closed briefly, and after they have opened, an abrupt flow through the suction chamber carries the deposited particles from the suction chamber through the outlet openings. In this way, automatic cleaning of the suction chambers, which should always be kept as free as possible from particles, can be carried out quickly without having to disassemble the filter device manually.
  • the outlet openings of the chambers open into a common outlet.
  • the outlet openings of all chambers ie both the settling chambers and the suction chambers, preferably open into a common outlet.
  • only a few chambers for example only the settling chambers, only the suction chambers or combinations thereof, open into the common outlet.
  • the common outlet can be designed as a tubular opening, since no filter effect is necessary here. If the fluid which has not entered the filter device now flows past the filter device and finally past the common outlet, a suction effect is exerted on the fluid which is present in the common outlet.
  • the exit of the fluid from the filter device is promoted, the rapid flow through the filter device also carrying the settled particles out of the filter device.
  • the suction effect advantageously has the same effect on fluid in all chambers. As a result, the flow rate through all chambers is approximately the same, so that there is no jam or different pressures anywhere in the filter device. The process is largely regulated in this way.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that at least one suction opening is provided in - if there are several settling chambers - at least the last settling chamber.
  • the settling chamber also has suction openings, so that, in some cases, less strongly filtered fluid can also be extracted for further use.
  • the suction openings can suck off these particles if the settling chamber is moved by particles. This enables cleaning without disassembling the device.
  • the device consists of a material selected from the group comprising concrete, metal and plastic or of combinations thereof.
  • a material selected from the group comprising concrete, metal and plastic or of combinations thereof has advantages and disadvantages, so that - depending on the fluid - different combinations of these substances can be used to produce an optimal material.
  • the fluid can also contain caustic, aggressive substances, so that the choice of material is of great importance for the proper functioning of the device according to the invention.
  • the device is tubular or cartridge-shaped. Any other shape would of course be conceivable for the filter device, but the tube or cartridge shape adapts optimally to the flow. If the filter device were too bulky in shape so that the flow is opposed to great resistance, there is a risk of the filter device being entrained by the flow. Furthermore, edges are removed from the flow over time. Round shapes, which are adapted to the flow as best as possible, as is the case with tubular or cartridge-shaped or used filter devices, exist longer in the flow.
  • the inlet openings are attached to the side of the device, the flow at the tip of the device preferably being deflected by a baffle.
  • the baffle made of any material, protects the filter device from a strong flow and deflects the fluid, thereby promoting the cyclonic rotation of the fluid.
  • a particularly favorable embodiment is given in that the filter device for removing water from flowing water is installed in the river bed of the flowing water.
  • the filter device is particularly suitable for taking water from flowing waters. It is designed so that it can be installed in the river bed without the filter device moving. This is particularly dangerous in the riverbed, where soil particles such as small stones, sand, etc. are constantly being whirled up. Because the device according to the invention is installed in the river bed, it is not susceptible to flooding, as is the case with water extraction devices which e.g. are installed on river banks.
  • the filter device has anchoring to the floor. This is particularly important when the device according to the invention is installed in the river bed of rivers, since it is rather difficult to constantly check the position of the device. The risk of the device moving at least slowly due to the uninterrupted application of force to the flow is particularly high in rivers.
  • This ground anchoring can be accomplished in any conventionally known manner.
  • a particularly favorable floor anchorage is given when the floor anchorage is made of concrete, metal or plastic compounds is made.
  • an optimal filter device can be constructed for each specific water extraction point.
  • the floor anchor is anchored in the floor by means of filler material for stable securing.
  • This filler can be any known filler as long as it is water-insoluble and to some degree insensitive to acids and lyes, which is particularly important in industrial waters. This filler ensures the stable anchoring of the filter device in the ground.
  • the device is followed by a further or further cleaning step (s).
  • the filter device is used to remove fluids, with mechanical pre-cleaning being carried out at the same time. Any further known (chemical or physical) cleaning can then follow, depending on the further use of the removed fluid.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a filter device with a settling and a suction chamber.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a filter device with two settling chambers and a suction chamber
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of a filter device with floor anchoring, consisting of a settling chamber and a suction chamber located therein;
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of a filter device with floor anchoring consisting of a settling chamber and one next to it lying suction chamber;
  • FIG. 5 shows a filter device according to FIG. 1 with a baffle plate and protective screen
  • FIG. 6 shows a filter device according to FIG. 2, the fluid flowing from the inside to the outside of the filter device
  • Fig. 9 further embodiments of inlet and flow openings.
  • Fig. 1 schematically represents a filter device designated 1, consisting of a settling chamber 2 and a suction chamber 3.
  • the fluid that flows in the direction of arrow A onto the filter device passes through the inlet openings 4 into the settling chamber 2, the fluid being a Distraction in the direction of arrow B experiences.
  • the inlet openings 4 bring about a first filtration.
  • a further filtration then takes place through the flow openings 5, which are smaller than the inlet openings 4, the fluid flowing in the direction of the arrows C into the suction chamber 3.
  • Particles that are too large to pass through the flow openings 5 either settle in the settling chamber 2, or they are discharged from the device 1 in the direction of arrow D through the outlet opening 6, which is larger than the inlet openings 4 . Because the outlet opening 6 is larger than the inlet openings 4, the particles do not obstruct the outlet opening 6.
  • the fluid that has entered the suction chamber 3 is sucked off through the suction opening 7 in the direction of the arrow E, the suction opening 7 being larger than the flow openings 5.
  • the filtered fluid drawn off in the direction of arrow E is then fed to a further device for any further use.
  • the fluid flowing in the direction of arrow D through the outlet openings is returned to the original flow. guided .
  • FIG. 2 shows a filter device 8 similar to FIG. 1, a second settling chamber 9 being connected upstream of the suction chamber 3.
  • the flow openings 10, through which the fluid flows into the second settling chamber 9, are smaller than the flow openings 5, which lead into the first settling chamber 2. This results in a second filtration before the fluid reaches the suction chamber 3.
  • the outlet opening 11 is in turn larger than the flow openings 10, so that there is no displacement of the outlet opening 11 by the particles.
  • a guide plate 12 is attached to the tip of the filter device 8.
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of a filter device 1 ′ according to FIG. 1, with a settling chamber 2 and a suction chamber 3 embedded therein.
  • FIG. 4 shows a filter device 1 ′′ according to FIG. 1, the suction chamber 3 being arranged next to the settling chamber 2 3 and 4, the suction chamber 3 has an outlet opening 13 which opens into an outlet 14 common to the outlet opening 6 from the settling chamber 2.
  • the fluid flowing past the common outlet 14 in the direction of arrow F exerts a suction force on the Fluid located in the common outlet 14, whereby the fluid is sucked out of the settling 3 and suction chamber 2.
  • the flow through the filter device 1 'or 1 "is thereby promoted, the cyclonic rotation of the fluid entering the settling chamber 2 by the Arrows G is shown. Due to the cyclonic rotation, particles of larger mass are separated by centrifugal and gravity.
  • a floor anchor 15 is shown, which anchors the filter device 1 'or 1 "by means of filler 16 in the river bed 17 stable.
  • Fig. 5 shows a filter device 1 "'according to Fig. 1, which additionally has at the top inlet openings 4, a baffle 12 and a protective screen 18, whereby part of the fluid in addition to the flow direction according to FIG. 1 also in the direction of Arrow H flows.
  • FIG. 6 shows a filter device 8 ′ according to FIG. 2 with two settling chambers 2 and 9 and a suction chamber 3, but the flow of the fluid does not flow from outside to inside as shown in FIG. 2, but from inside to outside .
  • the inlet openings 4 are provided at the tip of the filter device 8 '.
  • the fluid can also flow from the inside to the outside in a filter device 1 according to FIG. with only one settling chamber.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a filter device 8 "with two settling chambers 2 and 9 and a suction chamber 3, but in contrast to the filter device 8 according to FIG. 2, the suction opening 7 is attached to the side of the filter device 8".
  • FIG. 8 shows a filter device 8 " 1 similar to the filter device 8" according to FIG. 7, the suction opening being provided at the tip of the filter device 8 "', so that the fluid is sucked against the outer flow direction of the fluid according to arrow A.
  • openings 19 are shown, which largely prevent overgrowth of overflow parts.
  • the openings 19 can be used as inlet 4 and / or as flow openings 5 and / or 10.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Supports Or Holders For Household Use (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif de filtration (1, 1', 1'', 8) destiné au prélèvement de fluides, de préférence d'eaux courantes, qui comporte une combinaison constituée d'au moins une chambre de décantation (2) et d'au moins une chambre d'aspiration (3). Ledit dispositif (1, 1', 1'', 8) comporte en outre des orifices d'entrée (4) ménagés dans la (première) chambre de décantation (2), des ouvertures (5) de communication entre les chambres, des orifices de sortie (6) de chaque chambre pour l'évacuation de fluide non aspiré du dispositif (1, 1', 1'', 8) et au moins un orifice d'aspiration (7) ménagé dans la (les) chambre(s) d'aspiration (3) pour le prélèvement du fluide filtré hors du dispositif (1, 1', 1'', 8). Dans chaque chambre, les orifices d'entrée (4) sont plus petits que les orifices de sortie (6) et les orifices de communication (5) sont plus petits que les orifices d'entrée (4).
PCT/AT1999/000108 1998-02-24 1999-05-05 Dispositif de filtration pour le prelevement de fluides Ceased WO1999059692A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU35887/99A AU3588799A (en) 1998-05-15 1999-05-05 Filtration device for removing fluids

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0032398A AT405358B (de) 1998-02-24 1998-02-24 Einrichtung zum halten von länglichen gegenständen, insbesondere bleistifte, kugelschreiber, füllhalter und dergleichen, bevorzugt an einem kleidungsstück
ATGM323/98 1998-05-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999059692A1 true WO1999059692A1 (fr) 1999-11-25

Family

ID=3487538

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AT1999/000108 Ceased WO1999059692A1 (fr) 1998-02-24 1999-05-05 Dispositif de filtration pour le prelevement de fluides

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AT (1) AT405358B (fr)
WO (1) WO1999059692A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2144444A (en) * 1936-07-23 1939-01-17 Paul F Victor Filtering device
US3545621A (en) * 1967-06-14 1970-12-08 Etablis E & M Lamort Fils Apparatus for purifying liquids carrying suspended solid particles,chiefly pulp for paper mills
US5372718A (en) * 1993-06-18 1994-12-13 Zebian; Ghassan W. Filtering device
US5496468A (en) * 1994-04-26 1996-03-05 Cormier; Reginald Waste water management system with an auxiliary reservoir

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2144444A (en) * 1936-07-23 1939-01-17 Paul F Victor Filtering device
US3545621A (en) * 1967-06-14 1970-12-08 Etablis E & M Lamort Fils Apparatus for purifying liquids carrying suspended solid particles,chiefly pulp for paper mills
US5372718A (en) * 1993-06-18 1994-12-13 Zebian; Ghassan W. Filtering device
US5496468A (en) * 1994-04-26 1996-03-05 Cormier; Reginald Waste water management system with an auxiliary reservoir

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA32398A (de) 1998-12-15
AT405358B (de) 1999-07-26

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