WO1997045572A1 - Cotton ginning apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus for ginning harvested seed cotton comprising the steps of: introducing harvested seed cotton including lint and seed on to the upper surface of a lower rotating plate (3); rotating said plate to thereby carry said harvested seed cotton towards the leading edge (29) of a knife positioned at a defined distance above said lower rotating plate such that the cotton seed is drawn/combed under the knife edge (27); extracting line separated from said harvested seed cotton from a rearward facing edge of said knife; and collecting said seed from the leading edge of the knife.

Description

COTTON GINNING APPARATUS AND METHOD

This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for ginning

cotton. Cotton ginning is the process of separating the cotton lint from the

seed after harvesting of the cotton. Generally the ginning is carried out

locally to the cotton fields in central ginneries.

Two principal methods of ginning cotton exist being a roller method

and a saw method. In me former case the rolled ginned cotton has a

horizontal cut which does not damage the staple giving a better product;

in the latter case the material is cut vertically which tears and damages the

staple but the process is faster. Apparently presently used varies between

small inefficient units using old technology requiring much maintenance

and high power input, and high cost comprehensive machinery requiring

a volume input to be effective.

In known roller ginning machines a conveyor drops material into

hoppers on top of and feeding the gin. The output of each gin is

transported; the lint being baled and the seed crushed for oil. The process

operates by bringing the cotton into contact with a leather roller to which

the fibres adhere and thereafter dragging the cotton past a fixed knife pressed against the roller. A reciprocating knife above the fixed knife

separates the lint (fibre) from the seed, the latter dropping through a grid

and the lint being stripped away from the leather roller by a rotating

bladed stripper.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a girming machine

for cotton, although use for other products is not excluded, which

produces the quality attributed to roller ginning processes but which is of

simpler construction and requires less expertise and maintenance in

operation. An advantage of the machine of this invention is that higher

output may be achieved both in terms of throughput in relation to size and

relative to power consumption.

According to this invention, and in one aspect, there is provided a

cotton ginning apparatus comprising an upper fixed plate and a lower

rotating plate in substantially horizontal parallel superimposed relationship

and defining a gap therebetween, the upper (fixed) plate having means to

introduce harvested seed cotton including lint and seed fed to the upper

surface thereof to the gap between the plates, the upper plate having a

number of zones each being provided with a cutting edge forπiing a knife

on the lower surface thereof, the arrangement being such that when cotton

is introduced into said gap during relative rotation of the plates and moved past the said cutting edge, lint is progressively severed from the seed, the

severed lint (staple) being extracted and the seed being collectable in a

separate receptacle.

In a first embodiment the seeds are retained in grooves on the upper

surface of the lower plate with slots through the plate.

In a second embodiment the seeds are transported or carried on the

lower rotating plate towards the blade affixed to the upper plate and the

lint part of the cotton seed is drawn/combed under the affixed blade by a

leather/cotton composite pad.

The present invention also provides a method of ginning harvested

seed cotton comprising the steps of:

a) introducing harvested seed cotton including lint and seed on

to the upper surface of a lower rotating plate;

b) rotating said plate to thereby carry said harvested seed cotton

towards the leading edge of a knife positioned at a defined distance

above said lower rotating plate such that the cotton seed is

drawn/combed under the knife edge;

c) extracting lint separated from said harvested seed cotton

from a rearward facing edge of said knife; and d) collecting said seed from the leading edge of the knife.

In order to explain this invention more fully and in greater detail

an embodiment is described hereinafter with particular reference to the

drawings showing schematically an apparatus by way of example. In the

drawings :-

Figure 1 shows in side elevation and schematically a construction

of a first embodiment of a ginning machine according to the present

invention;

Figure 2 shows in plan view the feeder plate;

Figure 3 shows in plan view the rotating plate of one embodiment;

Figure 4 shows in plan view the seed collection plate;

Figure 5 shows in plan view the motor support plate;

Figure 6 shows in perspective one knife block;

Figure 7 shows a fragmentary sectional view of the knife block,

feeder plate and rotating plate on A-A as shown in Figures 2 and 3;

Figure 8 shows a detail of the knife block edge;

Figure 9 shows a modified construction of a rotating plate;

Figure 10 shows a second embodiment of a gmning apparatus

according to the present invention; Figure 11 shows an alternative design of rotor;

Figure 12 shows an alternative design of upper plate:

Figure 13 shows in side elevation the blade arrangement of the

apparatus of Figure 10;

Figure 14 shows in plan view the lower blade surface; and

Figure 15 shows in side elevation an alternative lower blade

structure.

Referring firstly to Figure 1 of the drawings a ginning machine

according to this invention is shown in side view and schematically. The

machine has an electric drive motor 1 mounted on a fixed spyder plate 5

and connected to a drive shaft 10 through a flexible coupling 11. Above

the plate 5, which is fixed to frame 6, is positioned a fixed seed collection

and discharge plate 4 with aperture 41 to allow the ginned seed to .pass

through to be collected. Plate 4 has a central aperture 42 to allow the

motor drive shaft to pass therethrough.

Located above fixed plate 4 is a rotating plate 3 coupled with shaft

10, this plate is located a defined spaced distance below a fixed feed plate

2. Feed plate 2 has a central aperture 25 supporting a bearing assembly

13 for the shaft 10. The shaft 10 extends upwardly and may be used to drive the known

scarifiers or masticators which are located above the unit.

A feed duct assembly 21 for harvested cotton is located above the

plate 2 and is generally of a known construction serving to introduce the

cotton to be ginned. The duct 21 divides into four branches, two only

being shown, 22 and 23. The feed plate 2 has four knife blocks 24 spaced

along each side with a central aperture for free passage of shaft 10 (Figure

2). Each knife block is fed by a branch (22,23) of the duct 21.

The rotating plate 3 positioned below feed plate 2 has four zones

31 each comprising a series of parallel grooves 32 extending outwardly

and a central coupling 33 connected with the drive shaft 10. The grooves

32 lead down to slots 34 passing through the plate (Figure 7). In Figure

7 a section is shown on A- A of Figures 2 and 3 when the plates 2 and 3

are assembled that is looking towards the centre axis of each plate.

As shown more clearly in Figure 7, the fixed feeder plate 2 has

four apertures each of which receives a knife block 24. Each block is

supported by side flanges 26 which rest on die plate surface and which

may be shimmed to provide adjustment. The block 24 has slots or is

otherwise machined to provide knife-like cutting edges 27. Separate knife blades can be provided mounted on me block. The cotton seed to be

ginned S enters the knife block 24 along a side entrance aperture I and is

drawn by the rotating plate 3 into the holding channel formed by taper 29

at me leading edge of die knife block 24 (Figure 8). When the leading

edge of die first groove 32' in plate 3 arrives the seed S is drawn in and

trapped in die groove and dragged beneath the knife block 24, the seed

being pulled upward against the edges 27 by drag between the rotating

plates. The cotton lint is tiius progressively severed and removed by

successive actions of the edges 27. Each succeeding edge turns the seed

to present a fresh area of lint which is cut. Stripped seed passes through

me slots 34 and a scrapper blade 28 at the oudet end O of the knife block

24 removes any lint on the seed and deflects die lint upwards through an

aperture at tins end of the block to be drawn away by suction. The blade

28 ensures that the seed is clearly separated and forced in a downward

direction and not dragged out of the grooves to die oudet. The separated

seed drops through slots 34 and collects on plate 4 and a sweeper blade

or paddle (not shown) on the underside of die plate 3 moves the seed to

the aperture 41 in plate 4 for discharge.

The cotton lint separated from die seed in mis process and leaving

dirough the outlet O is removed using a known vacuum suction system

operating through ducts 35 and feeding a baler (not shown). In contrast to the known metiiods of separating the cotton lint from

me seed this invention adopts a principle of guiding die cotton between

two horizontal and relatively rotating plates, one having a series of cutting

edges, and me other having grooves. The lint is severed progressively

from me seed which is separated. This surprisingly simple mediod and

construction avoiding leather rollers and otiier critical parts, has given

excellent results and is simple to set-up and adjust as well as requiring

relatively little power. As may be appreciated a number of units may be

used in parallel according to me volume of cotton to be processed.

In a practical construction me plates are about 1 m in diameter and

19 mm thick with me knife blocks 24 and grooved areas 32 being some

330 mm long and 280 mm wide. The knife block preferably has five

cutting edges or separate blades but this number is variable. The gap

between me plates 2 and 3 is set accurately by trials which can be easily

carried out and fine adjustment can be provided by shims on die knife

blades under flanges

In Figure 9 a modification is disclosed for me rotating plate 3 and

in this construction possible distortions in the plate are avoided by

providing a cast iron plate 3 witii webs 90 on me underside and four cut¬

out apertures 91 in die plate which support grooved and slotted steel plate assemblies 92. The slots 32,34 may be provided between individual bars

on diese plates 92 which can be adjusted in spacing to provide optimum

performance. In mis construction the grooved zones 32,24 on plate 3 are

formed by separate sub-assemblies 92 such as sheet metal units.

In a modification die edge of die knife block 24 adjacent the cutting

edge 27 may be chamfered.

In an example harvested cotton which has had all field debris

(stones and twigs mainly) screened out and has been broken up in a

scarifier or masticator, is fed dirough die end of one of the four knife

blocks 24 plate 2. The material entering the gap between plates 2 and 3

dirough the end of on of me four knife blocks 24 is fed into a groove in

me rotating plate and carried under me knife block where the knife edges

remove the lint from the seed. The lint then passes over die scraper knife

at die end of die knife block which guides it out of die exit at die omer

end of me knife block from where it first entered. At the same time as

the lint passes over me scraper knife me seed widi any remaining lint

passes under the scraper knife and the scraper knife removes any final bits

of lint remaining. The seed is now free to drop through the groove and

any remaining lint is carried onto the next knife block and exits widi the

lint entering at mat knife block which displaces the seed. The lint which has exited from me side of the knife block in plate

2 is taken away by a vacuum process which conveys the material to me baler.

The seed which is left behind falls into me groove 32 in the rotor

3 and passes dirough to plate 4. A paddle or flange on the underside of

plate 3 sweeps the seed towards an exit hole where it falls dirough to a

collection area for bagging.

A second embodiment is shown in Figure 10 in which similar parts

to Figure 1 are given the same reference numerals. The flexible bearing of Figure 1 is replaced by a twin bearing structure 102, 104 positioned

each side of an intermediate plate 106. This arrangement relieves stress

on the motor 1. The motor 1 may be 6 to 10 horse power. The 6HP

motor is preferred for a rotor size of 1 metre (40 inches) and die 10HP for

a rotor diameter of 1.5 metres (60 inches).

The upper blade 2 has revised blade holder structures 108, 110.

There may preferably be 2,4 or 8 such structures.

A feed hopper 112 is mounted above blade 2 and is provided in a

preferred embodiment with a rotating strimmer 114. Feed chutes 116, 118 feed die seed cotton down to the blade structure.

The seeds 120, once stripped of dieir cotton lint are collected in

bags 122,124 and are ejected from me rotating plates 2,3 by a compressed

air jet as explained widi reference to Figures 12 and 13. The compressed

air and a vacuum for me apparatus may be supplied by known suitable

means.

With reference now to Figure 11, a new design of rotor 3 is

diagrammatically shown. The rotor 3 preferably comprises a cast iron

plate which has mounted on it a plurality of rotating blades 126-140.

Between each blade 126,128 etc is a sheet of learner or cotton composite

or other suitable materials which preferably have no adverse effect to

further processing such as dyeing 142-156 which acts to grip die cotton

and as me blade 3 rotates to drive it on to me fixed blade, as shown in

Figure 12. The leather sheets will be substantially triangular in shape wim

an inner widm (IW) of 3-4 inches and an outer width (OW) of 8-10

inches. This is desirable because the cotton is moved by the friction on

me leather or cotton composite and the inner rotor moves at a

correspondingly lower speed mereby providing more friction grip which

requires less leather. The upper plate surface will be substantially flat widi die leather and blades forming the flat surface. In Figure 14 an alternative design of learner mounting is shown but in Figure 11 the

learner is glued or omerwise affixed rigidly to the upper plate in the gaps

formed by the blades 126-140.

In a further embodiment me blades 126-138 may be set at a

different angle as shown by me dotted lines 138'. This arrangement is

such mat the rotating blades 126-138 meet with the fixed blades at an

angle rather than square on and produce more or a scissor action.

The upper fixed plate structure 2 shown in figure 12 comprises in

a preferred embodiment a square plate 20 widi rectangular apertures

202,204...216 cut dirough the upper plate. The plate may be, for

example, ^xh inch steel plate and may be provided wim fixing holes 220 to

226 for fixing me plate to the frame 6 (Figure 1). Adjacent to each

aperture 202 to 216 is a blade arrangement 150 as shown in greater detail

in Figures 13 and 14. Assuming a direction of rotation of me bottom

plate as shown by the arrow, the blade structures 150 are positioned as

shown in dotted oudine 150' by each aperture. The dimensions of die

apertures for a 1.5 metre rotor are in a preferred embodiment 220 mm

wide by 417 mm long. Ahhough shown equispaced, me position of the

apertures may have to be slightly adjusted to ensure mat the corner fixings

220 to 226 do not interfere with the seed ejection or vacuum extraction apparatus 300 shown dotted in Figure 12.

Obviously for a plurality of aperture/blade arrangements a manifold

vacuum arrangement 302 will be required to feed to a lint collection

apparatus 304 and vacuum pump 306. diese are shown dotted and the

manifold 302 is illustrated for only two apertures but could readily be

modified to exhaust all eight apertures or a plurality of vacuum

apparatuses could be used.

In Figure 12 me air pipe 172 (see Fig. 13) is shown associated with

blade unit 206 which provides die air to jet 172 to blow me seeds into the

receptacles.

This air pipe 172 may in a preferred embodiment be fed from a

mamfold 171 which also provides air for pipe 166. The mamfold may be

connected to a ring mamfold structure 1701 and fed by compressed air

through inlet pipe 1701 which is preferably fed out via a corner 224 of the

upper plate.

With reference now to Figures 13 and 14, each upper blade

structure 150 comprise a support plate 152 attached to support plate 2, a

blade support block 154 attached to block 152 and an upper blade 156. Upper blade 156 is adjustable using bolts 157, 158 (only one shown in

Figure 12).

Lint cut from me cotton is output via outlet 160 and is vacuum

sucked out by vacuum means (not shown).

The inlet harvested seed cotton, including die seed and lint and

possibly odier impurities such as parts of leaves, is dropped on to plate 3

as indicated by arrows 162. Plate 3 rotates in the direction indicated by

arrow 164. Leather or cotton composite pads 144 etc "pick up" me

harvested seed cotton and carry or transport it towards the blade 156. The

lint part of the seed cotton is dien drawn/combed under me fixed blade

and the cutting action of the fixed blade and die rotating blade which are

affixed to die rotor alongside the learner pads sever the lint from the seed.

Cut lint passes between blade 156 and plate 3 and is vacuumed out at 160

to vacuum apparatus 300-306. To assist in me cotton seed being forced

against blade 156 an air jet or jets is provided by a pipe 166 which has

small holes 168 (Figure 13) to direct the jet as indicated by arrow 169.

Air pipe 166 may be attached to a guide plate 170 which guides die cotton

seed. The seed 120, once stripped of the cotton lint are ejected by means

of a further air flow 174 provided by a pipe 172. This projects the seed

into bags 122-124 etc.

In an alternative arrangement for the lower plate 3 shown in Figure

15, the learner or cotton composite pads 144 etc may be arranged to be

spring loaded so that as the pad wears, the wear will be taken up by me

action of springs 180. To mount die leather pad, a steel plate 182 may be

used which plate may be elongated at 184 to catch under an overhang 190

in each blade 128. The hinge at the other end may be provided by any

simple means such as a further extension 186 to plate 182 fixing under the

adjacent blade 126 in a recess 188.

As die leadier pad wears, so die spring 180 will push die leadier

upwards, thereby ensuring good frictional contact widi die cotton seed.

In this embodiment the lower blades 126 etc are freed to die plate 3 by

suitable screws 190. The gap between upper and lower knife edges is in

a preferred embodiment between 2 to 6 mousandtiis of an inch.

In a further embodiment for certain types of harvested seed cotton

it may not be necessary to have any blades on die rotating plate. The

upper surface of the plate will be leadier on a cotton composite which will by its rotary action tiirow the harvested seed cotton against the upper fixed

blades diereby stripping the lint from the seed. The lint will pass under

die fixed blade to be vacuum extracted as described above.

Each fixed blade has a feed chute (116, 118 etc) associated widi it.

If the diameter of the rotor is increased for example to 2 metres diameter

men die number of blades and dierefore feed chutes can be increased to

for example twelve or more.

Claims

1. A cotton ginning apparatus including an upper fixed plate and a

lower rotating plate in substantially horizontal parallel superimposed

relationship and defining a gap therebetween, the upper fixed plate having

means to introduce harvested seed cotton including lint and seed fed to die

upper surface diereof to the gap between the plates, die upper plate having

a number of zones each being provided widi a cutting edge foπning a

knife on die lower surface diereof, me arrangement being such mat when

cotton is introduced into said gap during relative rotation of the plates and

moved past the said cutting edge, lint is progressively severed from the

seed, the severed lint (staple) being extracted and die seed being

collectable in a separate receptacle.

2. A cotton ginning apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the

lower rotating plate comprises a series of zones, each zone including a

cutting blade for cooperation widi die knives on the upper plate.

3. A cotton ginning apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2 further

comprising guide plate means proximate to each upper plate knife edge for

guiding die harvested cotton.

4. A cotton ginning apparatus as claimed in claim 3 further comprising

compressed air jet means attached to said guide plate, said jet means being

directed towards die leading edge of the upper knife blade.

5. A cotton ginning apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4

further comprising vacuum suction means simated at me rearward edge of

said upper blade means for extracting the lint cut by said upper blade

means.

6. A cotton ginning apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5

in which die lower plate comprises a plurality of blades each co-operating

wim said upper knife edges to form a plurality of scissor arrangements,

die upper and lower knife edges being separated by a defined gap.

7. A cotton ginning apparatus as claimed in claim 6 in which the

defined gap is between 2 to 6 uiousandms of an inch.

8. A cotton ginning apparatus as claimed in claim 6 or 7 in which the

plurality of blades in the lower plate are separated by a plurality of leather

or cotton composite pads fixed between each blade, each leadier or cotton

composite pad serving to drive die lint part of die harvested seed cotton

on to each upper knife blade to be separated from the seed.

9. A method of ginning harvested cotton seed comprising die steps of:

a) introducing harvested seed cotton including lint and seed on

to me upper surface of a lower rotating plate;

b) rotating said plate to mereby carry said harvested seed cotton

towards the leading edge of a knife positioned at a defined distance

above said lower rotating plate such mat die cotton seed is

drawn/combed under the knife edge;

c) extracting lint separated from said harvested seed cotton

from a rearward facing edge of said knife; and

d) collecting said seed from the leading edge of die knife.

10. A method of ginning harvested seed cotton as claimed in claim 9,

comprising the step of :

introducing harvested seed cotton at a plurality of locations on to

die rotating plate for cooperation with a plurality of knife edges.

11. A method of ginning harvested seed cotton as claimed in claim 9

or 10 furmer comprising die step of extracting die lint by a vacuum

process via a manifold system.