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WO1996004204A1 - Fabrication de produits compactes ou de boulettes de carbone a partir de materiaux a base de cellulose - Google Patents

Fabrication de produits compactes ou de boulettes de carbone a partir de materiaux a base de cellulose Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996004204A1
WO1996004204A1 PCT/AU1995/000455 AU9500455W WO9604204A1 WO 1996004204 A1 WO1996004204 A1 WO 1996004204A1 AU 9500455 W AU9500455 W AU 9500455W WO 9604204 A1 WO9604204 A1 WO 9604204A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
product
process according
pellets
carbon
range
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU1995/000455
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English (en)
Inventor
Maxwell Wilkinson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU29733/95A priority Critical patent/AU2973395A/en
Publication of WO1996004204A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996004204A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/354—After-treatment
    • C01B32/382—Making shaped products, e.g. fibres, spheres, membranes or foam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for treatment of
  • the invention provides a process for treatment of sawdust to produce a product from which activated carbon may be obtained.
  • Activated carbon is an amorphous form of carbon which is highly adsorbent and is widely used for the removal of unwanted components such as colours, odours and a wide range of contaminants from, for example, foodstuffs
  • CIP carbon-in-pulp
  • CIL carbon- in-leach
  • carbonaceous material such as wood, coal or coconut shells.
  • Activated carbon may be used in powdered, granular,
  • coconut shells are crushed, carbonised, crushed again, activated (usually by physical activation with steam) and crushed and sieved into sized products. Production of activated
  • coal carbons from coal involves briquetting or pelletising and normally requires the use of a binder.
  • the coal is first crushed, and sometimes carbonised at this stage, then
  • the pulverised coal is then briquetted or pelletised using a binder material, eg bitumen or lignosulphonate.
  • a binder material eg bitumen or lignosulphonate.
  • the briquettes are crushed before further treatment. Crushed briquettes and pellets are
  • Activated carbons produced from sawdust are made most commonly by the process of chemical activation.
  • the sawdust is impregnated with an activating agent in the form of a concentrated solution, usually by mixing and kneading. This step is carried out at up to 100°C and results in the degradation of the cellulosic material.
  • the impregnated material is then extruded and pyrolysed in a rotary kiln between 400 and 1000°C in the absence of air.
  • pyrolysed product is cooled and washed to remove excess activating agent which may be recycled.
  • the impregnated chemicals dehydrate the raw material which produces charring and aromatisation of the carbon skeleton and creates a porous structure.
  • the most widely used activating agents for wood waste are phosphoric acid, zinc chloride and sulphuric acid although a number of other chemicals have been used.
  • the common feature of the activating agents is that they are
  • dehydrating agents which influence the decomposition of the wood (during pyrolysis) and inhibit the formation of tar. They also enhance the yield of carbon by decreasing the formation of acetic acid, methanol etc.
  • activating agents are phosphoric acid and zinc chloride.
  • Powdered activated carbon may be produced from sawdust by treating lumps of sawdust mixed with the activating agent and subsequently grinding the activated product.
  • Activated carbons may also be produced from sawdust by the process of physical activation in which the activation is effected by a gaseous agent (eg steam, carbon dioxide). Steam is most commonly used for physical activation and the process is normally a two stage process. Firstly, the material is carbonised below 800°C in the absence of oxygen to an intermediate product, the pores of which are either too small or too constricted for it to be a useful gaseous agent (eg steam, carbon dioxide).
  • steam is most commonly used for physical activation and the process is normally a two stage process. Firstly, the material is carbonised below 800°C in the absence of oxygen to an intermediate product, the pores of which are either too small or too constricted for it to be a useful
  • the next step which in some cases takes place at a later stage in the same kiln, is a process of
  • Activated carbons produced from sawdust by the physical activation process are ground to the appropriate size to produce powdered activated carbons.
  • Existing technologies for the production of activated carbons have a number of disadvantages.
  • the sawdust is heated in the absence of air to dry it and to render it friable for subsequent grinding. This heating or calcination may be carried out in the temperature range 150-300°, preferably 200- 270°C.
  • the third step involves grinding the calcined sawdust to a fine powder, having a preferred size range between 30 mesh BSS (500 ⁇ m) to 200 mesh BSS (75 ⁇ m).
  • the fine calcined sawdust powder is heated in the absence of air to render it formable, for example to a temperature in the range 280-375°C, preferably 300-375°C.
  • the powder should be heated evenly, and this may conveniently be achieved by stirring.
  • the hot material is compacted in the absence of air, for example in a briquetting or extrusion press at a pressure up to 150 MPa.
  • the discharge mechanism of the extrusion press may be of two forms: 1) fitted with a number of small nozzles to produce small or medium diameter pellets;
  • the sixth step in the process involves dusting the compacts and/or pellets with carbon powder if
  • the compacts and/or pellets are cured by allowing them to cool in the atmosphere, preferably for about five minutes.
  • these may be crushed and sieved to produce granular material. This may then be activated by the physical activation process described above and then crushed and sieved to produce the desired product size ranges. Alternatively, it may be advantageous to tumble the crushed activated granular material, for example in a rotating drum, before sieving, to polish the granules and thereby reduce the level of attrition loss in subsequent use.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the preferred process of the invention as disclosed in the specific non-limiting Examples 1, 2 and 3 illustrating preferred embodiments of the process of the invention which will now be described.
  • the process is applicable to sawdust from a wide variety of species.
  • the data which follows derives from a sample of mixed eucalypt species from East Gippsland, Victoria, which was actually used in this example.
  • Table 1 provides data relating to the input and product of each step.
  • pellets and compacts produced by this technology are ideal for further processing to high quality activated carbons - using existing technology.
  • Table 2 provides data relating to the input and product of each step.
  • a suite of Samples 2A was heated to 850°C, contacted with an excess of steam equivalent to at least twice the stoichiometric steam requirement (based on burnoff) for a period of 3 hours.
  • the yield of activated carbon averaged 33.7 db % of the mass before activation.
  • These activated carbons had the following properties, which are tabulated for comparison with the properties of a commercially available carbon Sutcliffe Speakman 207A, and are suitable for a variety of uses, including use as a vapour phase carbon.
  • a further suite of samples 2B was activated under similar conditions to those of Sample 2A.
  • the activated carbon was crushed, tumbled and then sieved to produce a granular product in the size range 2.36 mm - 0.85 mm.
  • the average yield in this case was 33.1 db %.
  • a sample 2C was activated under similar conditions to samples 2A an d 2B for a period of 2 hours 50 minutes.
  • the activated carbon was crushed, tumbled and then sieved to produce a granular product in the size range 2.36 mm - 0.85 mm.
  • the yield in this case was 39.1 db %.
  • Table 3 provides data relating to the input and product of each step.
  • Sample 3A was activated under similar conditions to the samples in Example 2, to produce a product having the following properties.
  • the process of the present invention has many advantages, including the following:- 1. It utilizes a waste product as feedstock which
  • the process does not use a binder and this results in reduced processing costs. 4.
  • the activated carbons produced by this process are hard and regenerable.
  • the granular and pelletised activated carbons have a high total adsorption.
  • the pelletised carbon also has a high kinetic adsorption.
  • the process has the capability of modifying the pore size distribution of the product to suit particular applications. Hence it is possible to produce a broad spectrum of product types for both liquid and gaseous applications.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de traitement de matériaux carbonés consiste (a) à chauffer un matériau carboné en l'absence d'air pour le sécher et le rendre friable; (b) à broyer le produit obtenu pour produire une poudre fine; (c) à chauffer cette poudre en l'absence d'air pour la rendre apte au formage; (d) à compacter le produit de l'étape (c) quand il est encore chaud; (e) à refroidir le produit de l'étape (d); et éventuellement, à activer le produit de l'étape (e). La sciure constitue le matériau carboné préféré. L'activation du produit de l'étape (e) fournit un charbon actif utile notamment pour les industries alimentaires, le traitement de l'eau, la brasserie et pour les procédés de récupération de l'or.
PCT/AU1995/000455 1994-08-03 1995-07-27 Fabrication de produits compactes ou de boulettes de carbone a partir de materiaux a base de cellulose Ceased WO1996004204A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU29733/95A AU2973395A (en) 1994-08-03 1995-07-27 Manufacture of carbon compacts/pellets from cellulose based materials

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPM7223A AUPM722394A0 (en) 1994-08-03 1994-08-03 Treatment of carbonaceous materials
AUPM7223 1994-08-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996004204A1 true WO1996004204A1 (fr) 1996-02-15

Family

ID=3781745

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1995/000455 Ceased WO1996004204A1 (fr) 1994-08-03 1995-07-27 Fabrication de produits compactes ou de boulettes de carbone a partir de materiaux a base de cellulose

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AUPM722394A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996004204A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA956492B (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE846898A (fr) * 1975-10-02 1977-04-01 Procede pour la production de charbon actif et produits ainsi obtenus,
JPS6168312A (ja) * 1984-09-11 1986-04-08 Mitsui Mining Co Ltd 石炭系分子篩炭素材の製造方法
JPS61205612A (ja) * 1985-03-06 1986-09-11 Mitsubishi Pencil Co Ltd 炭素製品の製造方法
JPS6278104A (ja) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-10 Nippon Steel Corp ニ−ドルコ−クスの製造方法
EP0283211A2 (fr) * 1987-03-19 1988-09-21 The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. Matériaux en carbone sans liant
JPH01290559A (ja) * 1988-05-17 1989-11-22 Kawasaki Steel Corp 高密度炭素材料の製造方法
JPH0269313A (ja) * 1988-09-03 1990-03-08 Mitsui Mining Co Ltd 脱硫用炭材の製造方法
JPH02192412A (ja) * 1988-10-18 1990-07-30 Kawasaki Steel Corp 耐酸化性に優れた高密度・高強度炭素材料の製造方法
JPH05238715A (ja) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-17 Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd 特殊炭素製品の焼成方法

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE846898A (fr) * 1975-10-02 1977-04-01 Procede pour la production de charbon actif et produits ainsi obtenus,
JPS6168312A (ja) * 1984-09-11 1986-04-08 Mitsui Mining Co Ltd 石炭系分子篩炭素材の製造方法
JPS61205612A (ja) * 1985-03-06 1986-09-11 Mitsubishi Pencil Co Ltd 炭素製品の製造方法
JPS6278104A (ja) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-10 Nippon Steel Corp ニ−ドルコ−クスの製造方法
EP0283211A2 (fr) * 1987-03-19 1988-09-21 The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. Matériaux en carbone sans liant
JPH01290559A (ja) * 1988-05-17 1989-11-22 Kawasaki Steel Corp 高密度炭素材料の製造方法
JPH0269313A (ja) * 1988-09-03 1990-03-08 Mitsui Mining Co Ltd 脱硫用炭材の製造方法
JPH02192412A (ja) * 1988-10-18 1990-07-30 Kawasaki Steel Corp 耐酸化性に優れた高密度・高強度炭素材料の製造方法
JPH05238715A (ja) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-17 Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd 特殊炭素製品の焼成方法

Non-Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, (C-1145), page 119; & JP,A,05 238 715 (NIPPON STEEL CHEMICAL CO. LTD.), 17 September 1993. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, (C-366), page 64; & JP,A,61 068 312 (MITSUI MINING CO. LTD.), 8 April 1986. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, (C-402), page 3; & JP,A,61 205 612 (MITSUBISHI PENCIL CO LTD), 11 September 1986. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, (C-445), page 141; & JP,A,62 078 104 (NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION), 10 April 1987. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, (C-686), page 114; & JP,A,01 290 559 (KAWASAKI STEEL CORPORATION), 22 November 1989. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, (C-723), page 85; & JP,A,02 069 313 (MITSUI MINING CO. LTD.), 8 March 1990. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, (C-769), page 40; & JP,A,02 192 412 (KAWASAKI STEEL CORPORATION), 30 July 1990. *
WORLD PATENT ABSTRACTS, Derwent Publications Ltd., AN. No. 77-25244Y, Class E36, J01; & BE,A,846 898 (LAPORTE INDUSTRIES LTD), 1 April 1977. *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AUPM722394A0 (en) 1994-08-25
ZA956492B (en) 1996-03-15

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