WO1995007864A1 - Raw materials for glass and ceramics manufacture as well as a process for producing them - Google Patents
Raw materials for glass and ceramics manufacture as well as a process for producing them Download PDFInfo
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- WO1995007864A1 WO1995007864A1 PCT/EP1994/003097 EP9403097W WO9507864A1 WO 1995007864 A1 WO1995007864 A1 WO 1995007864A1 EP 9403097 W EP9403097 W EP 9403097W WO 9507864 A1 WO9507864 A1 WO 9507864A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/02—Pretreated ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/04—Heat treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- metal-containing ashes, filter dusts, electroplating sludges, electroplating filter cakes and ashes which contain various elements, such as iron, aluminum, silicon and calcium, and various heavy metals, such as nickel, copper, chromium, zinc and lead .
- various elements such as iron, aluminum, silicon and calcium
- various heavy metals such as nickel, copper, chromium, zinc and lead .
- these materials contain substances which, in combination with the metals and heavy metals mentioned, have a negative influence, such as fluorides, chlorides and sulfides of the elements mentioned.
- metal-containing ashes, filter dusts and electroplating sludges from industry can be used to obtain raw materials for glass and ceramic production if they are subjected to certain simple heat treatments, so that it has a negative influence on the substances Desorption and evaporation processes and also conversion processes can occur. For example, sulfides with a negative influence can be converted into sulfates.
- raw materials for glass and ceramic production are provided which can be obtained by using metal-containing ashes, filter dusts and / or electroplating slurries
- the electroplating strains can be sludges according to the catalog of waste types, in particular sludges from the anodizing industry.
- raw materials for glass and ceramic production are also provided, which can be obtained by using metal-containing ashes, filter dusts and / or electroplating slurries from industry
- a method for obtaining raw materials for glass and ceramic production is provided according to the invention, which is characterized in that metal-containing ashes, filter dusts and / or electroplating sludges from industry
- (d) then cools down and extracts raw materials for glass and ceramic production.
- a heat treatment in the range from room temperature to about 100 ° C. is provided as a pretreatment before stage (a).
- the pretreatment and stages (a), (b), (c) and / or (d) can be carried out in air or in an air enriched with oxygen, nitrogen or organic hydrocarbons or in pure oxygen.
- raw materials for glass and ceramic production are provided, which can be obtained by metal-containing ashes, filter dusts and / or electroplating slurries
- a process for the production of raw materials for glass and ceramic production is provided, which is characterized in that metal-containing ashes, filter dust and / or electroplating sludge
- First heat treatment The temperature is raised from room temperature to 300 ° C. The material is left at 300 ° C until a constant weight is reached. Then it is quickly cooled.
- Second heat treatment The mixture is quickly heated to 850 ° C. until the weight is constant. Then slowly cool in air.
- First heat treatment the temperature is slowly raised from room temperature to 300 ° C., about 10 l of oxygen / h being added. The temperature of 300 ° C is maintained until the weight remains constant.
- Second heat treatment The material is reheated to 850 ° C. As soon as the temperature of 850 ° C. is reached, the mixture is slowly cooled in the presence of air which is enriched with tar derivatives.
- Granules are obtained which, even at 1250 ° C., have no tendency to melt, are black, have high hardness and are chemically stable.
- a mixture of 60% of an electroplating filter cake and 40% of a highly chlorinated ash of a special waste incineration plant is used, the electroplating filter cake having the following components.
- Second heat treatment After cooling, heat up to 1000 ° C. Then it is cooled in a normal air atmosphere.
- a light brown granulate is obtained which is very hard and does not melt up to 1250 ° C.
- First heat treatment The electroplating filter cake is heated in a laboratory oven at 400 ° C for 3 hours, after which the material is cooled in air for 3 hours.
- Second heat treatment The material is kept in the same oven at 750 ° C for 2 hours.
- the product obtained is dark brown and harder than the material of the following comparative example 1.
- Example 5 is repeated with the only exception that after the first 3-hour heat treatment, the mixture is not cooled for 3 hours, but is kept at 400 ° C. for a further 3 hours.
- First heat treatment The electroplating filter cake is heated for 3 hours at 400 ° C in the laboratory oven and kept at this temperature for a further 3 hours.
- Second heat treatment The material is heated from 300 ° C. to 750 ° C. without cooling and is kept at this temperature for 2 hours.
- the product obtained is light brown and not as hard as the product from Example 5.
- the electroplating filter cake is placed in a laboratory oven at 300 ° C, heated to 750 ° C and held at this temperature for 2 hours. The material is then removed from the oven and cooled in air.
- Comparative example 2 is repeated with the only exception that the material is not cooled in air but in an oxygen atmosphere.
- the product obtained is light brown on the outside, again gray on the inside, but harder than the product of Comparative Example 2.
- First and only heat treatment The material is placed in a laboratory furnace at 300 ° C, heated to 750 ° C and held at this temperature for 2 hours and then cooled in air.
- the product obtained is not as hard as that of Example 7 below.
- Comparative example 3 is repeated with the only exception that cooling is not carried out in air, but rather in an oxygen atmosphere.
- the product obtained has the same visual appearance as that of Comparative Example 3, but is harder.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Rohstoffe zur Glas- und Keramikproduktion sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Raw materials for glass and ceramic production and processes for their production
In der Industrie fallen metallhaltige Aschen, Filterstäube, Gal¬ vanikschlämme, Galvanik-Filterkuchen sowie Aschen an, die di¬ verse Elemente enthalten, wie Eisen, Aluminium, Silizium und Calzium, sowie diverse Schwermetalle, wie Nickel, Kupfer, Chrom, Zink und Blei. In Hinblick auf eine mögliche Herstellung von Rohstoffen zur Glas- und Keramikproduktion ist es bekannt, daß diese Materialien Stoffe enthalten, die in Kombination mit den genannten Metallen und Schwermetallen einen negativen Einfluß haben, wie beispielsweise Fluoride, Chloride und Sulfide der ge¬ nannten Elemente.In the industry, metal-containing ashes, filter dusts, electroplating sludges, electroplating filter cakes and ashes are obtained which contain various elements, such as iron, aluminum, silicon and calcium, and various heavy metals, such as nickel, copper, chromium, zinc and lead . With regard to a possible production of raw materials for glass and ceramic production, it is known that these materials contain substances which, in combination with the metals and heavy metals mentioned, have a negative influence, such as fluorides, chlorides and sulfides of the elements mentioned.
Erfindungsgemäß wurde nun festgestellt, daß sich metallhaltige Aschen, Filterstäube und Galvanikschlämme der Industrie zur Ge¬ winnung von Rohstoffen zur Glas- und Keramikproduktion heranzie¬ hen lassen, wenn man sie bestimmten einfachen Wärmebehandlungen unterwirft, so daß es in Hinblick auf die Stoffe mit negativem Einfluß zu Desorptions- und Verdampfungsvorgängen und auch zu Umwandlungsprozessen kommen kann. Beispielsweise können Sulfide mit negativem Einfluß in Sulfate übergeführt werden. Erfindungsgemäß werden Rohstoffe zur Glas- und Keramikproduktion vorgesehen, die dadurch gewinnbar sind, daß man metallhaltige Aschen, Filterstäube und/oder GalvanikschlämmeAccording to the invention, it has now been found that metal-containing ashes, filter dusts and electroplating sludges from industry can be used to obtain raw materials for glass and ceramic production if they are subjected to certain simple heat treatments, so that it has a negative influence on the substances Desorption and evaporation processes and also conversion processes can occur. For example, sulfides with a negative influence can be converted into sulfates. According to the invention, raw materials for glass and ceramic production are provided which can be obtained by using metal-containing ashes, filter dusts and / or electroplating slurries
(a) auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 100 bis 400 °C bis zur Gewichtskonstanz erhitzt,(a) heated to a temperature in the range from 100 to 400 ° C. to constant weight,
(b) danach gegebenenfalls abkühlt,(b) then optionally cooling,
(c) danach auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 400 bis 1300 °C bis zur Gewichtskonstanz erhitzt und(c) then heated to a temperature in the range from 400 to 1300 ° C. to constant weight and
(d) danach abkühlt und Rohstoffe zur Glas- und Keramikproduktion gewinnt .(d) then cools down and extracts raw materials for glass and ceramic production.
Bei den Galvanikstämmen kann es sich um Schlämme gemäß dem Ab¬ fallartenkatalog handeln, insbesondere um Schlämme der Eloxalin¬ dustrie.The electroplating strains can be sludges according to the catalog of waste types, in particular sludges from the anodizing industry.
Erfindungsgemäß werden ferner Rohstoffe zur Glas- und Keramik¬ produktion vorgesehen, die dadurch gewinnbar sind, daß man me¬ tallhaltige Aschen, Filterstäube und/oder Galvanikschlämme der IndustrieAccording to the invention, raw materials for glass and ceramic production are also provided, which can be obtained by using metal-containing ashes, filter dusts and / or electroplating slurries from industry
(a) auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 100 bis 500 °C bis zur Gewichtskonstanz erhitzt,(a) heated to a temperature in the range from 100 to 500 ° C. to constant weight,
(b) danach gegebenenfalls abkühlt,(b) then optionally cooling,
(c) danach auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 500 bis 1300 °C bis zur Gewichtskonstanz erhitzt und(c) then heated to a temperature in the range from 500 to 1300 ° C. to constant weight and
(d) danach abkühlt und Rohstoffe zur Glas- und Keramikproduktion gewinnt . Ferner wird erfindungsgemäß ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Roh¬ stoffen zur Glas- und Keramikproduktion vorgesehen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man metallhaltige Aschen, Filterstäube und/oder Galvanikschlämme der Industrie(d) then cools down and extracts raw materials for glass and ceramic production. Furthermore, according to the invention, a process for the extraction of raw materials for glass and ceramic production is provided, which is characterized in that metal-containing ashes, filter dusts and / or electroplating sludges from industry
(a) auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 100 bis 400 °C bis zur Gewichtskonstanz erhitzt,(a) heated to a temperature in the range from 100 to 400 ° C. to constant weight,
(b) danach gegebenenfalls abkühlt,(b) then optionally cooling,
(c) danach auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 400 bis 1300 °C bis zur Gewichtskonstanz erhitzt und(c) then heated to a temperature in the range from 400 to 1300 ° C. to constant weight and
(d) danach abkühlt und Rohstoffe zur Glas- und Keramikproduktion gewinnt.(d) then cools down and extracts raw materials for glass and ceramic production.
Ferner wird erfindungsgemäß ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Roh¬ stoffen zur Glas- und Keramikproduktion vorgesehen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man metallhaltige Aschen, Filterstäube und/oder Galvanikschlämme der IndustrieFurthermore, a method for obtaining raw materials for glass and ceramic production is provided according to the invention, which is characterized in that metal-containing ashes, filter dusts and / or electroplating sludges from industry
(a) auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 100 bis 500 °C zur Ge¬ wichtskonstanz erhitzt,(a) heated to a temperature in the range from 100 to 500 ° C. to constant weight,
(b) danach gegebenenfalls abkühlt,(b) then optionally cooling,
(c) danach auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 500 bis 1300 °C bis zur Gewichtskonstanz erhitzt und(c) then heated to a temperature in the range from 500 to 1300 ° C. to constant weight and
(d) danach abkühlt und Rohstoffe zur Glas- und Keramikproduktion gewinnt . Gemäß einer speziellen Ausführungsform sieht man vor Stufe (a) als Vorbehandlung eine Wärmebehandlung im Bereich von Raumtempe¬ ratur bis etwa 100 °C vor.(d) then cools down and extracts raw materials for glass and ceramic production. According to a special embodiment, a heat treatment in the range from room temperature to about 100 ° C. is provided as a pretreatment before stage (a).
Gemäß einer weiteren speziellen Ausführungsform kann man die Vorbehandlung sowie Stufen (a) , (b) , (c) und/oder (d) in Luft oder einer mit Sauerstoff, Stickstoff oder organischen Kohlenwasserstoffen angereicherten Luft oder in reinem Sauer¬ stoff durchführen.According to a further special embodiment, the pretreatment and stages (a), (b), (c) and / or (d) can be carried out in air or in an air enriched with oxygen, nitrogen or organic hydrocarbons or in pure oxygen.
Ferner werden erfindungsgemäß Rohstoffe zur Glas- und Keramik¬ produktion vorgesehen, die dadurch gewinnbar sind, daß man me¬ tallhaltige Aschen, Filterstäube und/oder GalvanikschlämmeFurthermore, according to the invention, raw materials for glass and ceramic production are provided, which can be obtained by metal-containing ashes, filter dusts and / or electroplating slurries
(a) auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 400 bis 1000 °C bis zur Gewichtskonstanz erhitzt und(a) heated to a temperature in the range of 400 to 1000 ° C to constant weight and
(b) danach abkühlt.(b) then cools down.
Man kann dabei in mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft oder in reinem Sauerstoff abkühlen.You can cool in oxygen-enriched air or in pure oxygen.
Schließlich wird erfindungsgemäß ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rohstoffen zur Glas- und Keramikproduktion vorgesehen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man metallhaltige Aschen, Fil¬ terstäube und/oder GalvanikschlämmeFinally, according to the invention, a process for the production of raw materials for glass and ceramic production is provided, which is characterized in that metal-containing ashes, filter dust and / or electroplating sludge
(a) auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 400 bis 1000 °C bis zur Gewichtskonstanz erhitzt und(a) heated to a temperature in the range of 400 to 1000 ° C to constant weight and
(b) danach abkühlt.(b) then cools down.
Man kann dabei in mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft oder in reinem Sauerstoff abkühlen.You can cool in oxygen-enriched air or in pure oxygen.
Nachstehend wird die Erfindung durch Beispiele näher erläutert. Beispiel 1The invention is explained in more detail below by examples. example 1
Es wird ein Galvanik-Filterkuchen mit folgenden Bestandteilen eingesetzt:An electroplating filter cake with the following components is used:
Nickel 0,875 %Nickel 0.875%
Kupfer 0,245 %Copper 0.245%
Zink 0,4 %Zinc 0.4%
Organische Kohlenwasserstoffe 5 %Organic hydrocarbons 5%
Rest Aluminium in verschiedenen Kombinationen sowie Eisen als Chlorid und Sulfat.Remainder aluminum in various combinations as well as iron as chloride and sulfate.
Erste Wärmebehandlung: Die Temperatur wird von Raumtemperatur auf 300 °C angehoben. Das Material wird bei 300 °C belassen, bis Gewichtskonstanz eingetreten ist. Danach wird rasch abgekühlt.First heat treatment: The temperature is raised from room temperature to 300 ° C. The material is left at 300 ° C until a constant weight is reached. Then it is quickly cooled.
Zweite Wärmebehandlung: Man heizt schnell auf 850 °C bis zur Ge¬ wichtskonstanz auf. Danach läßt man unter Luft langsam abkühlen.Second heat treatment: The mixture is quickly heated to 850 ° C. until the weight is constant. Then slowly cool in air.
Nach den beiden Wärmebehandlungen erhält man ein Material, das bei 900 °C schmilzt, dunkelbraun ist und eine amorphe Glasstruk¬ tur aufweist.After the two heat treatments, a material is obtained which melts at 900 ° C, is dark brown and has an amorphous glass structure.
Beispiel 2Example 2
Es wird ein Galvanik-Filterkuchen mit folgenden Bestandteilen eingesetzt:An electroplating filter cake with the following components is used:
Nickel 0,875 %Nickel 0.875%
Kupfer 0,245 %Copper 0.245%
Zink 0,4 %Zinc 0.4%
Organische Kohlenwasserstoffe 5 %Organic hydrocarbons 5%
Rest Aluminium in verschiedenen Kombinationen sowie Eisen als Chlorid und Sulfat. - -Remainder aluminum in various combinations as well as iron as chloride and sulfate. - -
Erste Wärmebehandlung: Man hebt die Temperatur langsam von Zim¬ mertemperatur auf 300 °C an, wobei man etwa 10 1 Sauerstoff/h zugibt. Die Temperatur von 300 °C wird bis zur Gewichtskonstanz beibehalten.First heat treatment: the temperature is slowly raised from room temperature to 300 ° C., about 10 l of oxygen / h being added. The temperature of 300 ° C is maintained until the weight remains constant.
Danach kühlt man unter normalen atmosphärischen Bedingungen rasch ab.Then you cool down quickly under normal atmospheric conditions.
Zweite Wärmebehandlung: Das Material wird erneut aufgeheizt, und zwar auf 850 °C. Sobald die Temperatur von 850 °C erreicht ist, kühlt man langsam in Gegenwart von Luft ab, die mit Teerderiva¬ ten angereichert ist.Second heat treatment: The material is reheated to 850 ° C. As soon as the temperature of 850 ° C. is reached, the mixture is slowly cooled in the presence of air which is enriched with tar derivatives.
Man erhält ein Granulat, das selbst bei 1250 °C noch keine Ten¬ denz aufweist, zu schmelzen, schwarz ist, eine hohe Härte be¬ sitzt und chemisch stabil ist.Granules are obtained which, even at 1250 ° C., have no tendency to melt, are black, have high hardness and are chemically stable.
Beispiel 3Example 3
Es wird ein Galvanik Filterkuchen mit folgenden Bestandteilen eingesetzt:An electroplating filter cake with the following components is used:
Nickel 0,875 %Nickel 0.875%
Kupfer 0,245 %Copper 0.245%
Zink 0,4 %Zinc 0.4%
Organische Kohlenwasserstoffe 5 %Organic hydrocarbons 5%
Rest Aluminium in verschiedenen Kombinationen sowie Eisen als Chlorid und Sulfat.Remainder aluminum in various combinations as well as iron as chloride and sulfate.
Erste Wärmebehandlung: Man erwärmt langsam auf 750 °C und hält dann bei dieser Temperatur bis zur Gewichtskonstanz. Bei der Ab¬ kühlung führt man 10 bis 20 1 Sauerstoff/h zu. Man erhält ein hellbraunes Material, das bei 1150 °C schmilzt, eine sehr harte Oberfläche und eine amorphe Glasstruktur besitzt. Beispiel 4First heat treatment: Warm up slowly to 750 ° C and then hold at this temperature to constant weight. During cooling, 10 to 20 l of oxygen / h are added. A light brown material is obtained which melts at 1150 ° C., has a very hard surface and an amorphous glass structure. Example 4
Man setzt ein Gemisch aus 60 % eines Galvanik Filterkuchens und 40 % einer hochchlorierten Asche einer Sondermüllverbrennungsan¬ lage ein, wobei der Galvanik Filterkuchen folgende Bestandteile aufweist.A mixture of 60% of an electroplating filter cake and 40% of a highly chlorinated ash of a special waste incineration plant is used, the electroplating filter cake having the following components.
Nickel 0,875 %Nickel 0.875%
Kupfer 0,245 %Copper 0.245%
Zink 0,4 %Zinc 0.4%
Organische Kohlenwasserstoffe 5 %Organic hydrocarbons 5%
Rest Aluminium in verschiedenen Kombinationen sowie Eisen als Chlorid und Sulfat.Remainder aluminum in various combinations as well as iron as chloride and sulfate.
Erste Wärmebehandlung: Man erwärmt das Gemisch auf 500 °C bis zur Gewichtskonstanz. Danach kühlt man in einer Säuerstoffat- mosphäre ab.First heat treatment: the mixture is heated to 500 ° C. until the weight is constant. Then you cool down in an oxygen atmosphere.
Zweite Wärmebehandlung: Nach dem Abkühlen heizt man bis auf 1000 °C auf. Danach wird in normaler Luftatmospäre abgekühlt.Second heat treatment: After cooling, heat up to 1000 ° C. Then it is cooled in a normal air atmosphere.
Man erhält ein hellbraunes Granulat, das sehr hart ist und bis 1250 °C nicht schmilzt.A light brown granulate is obtained which is very hard and does not melt up to 1250 ° C.
Beispiel 5Example 5
Es wird ein Galvanik-Filterkuchen mit den Bestandteilen gemäß Beispiel 1 eingesetzt.An electroplating filter cake with the components according to Example 1 is used.
Erste Wärmebehandlung: Der Galvanik-Filterkuchen wird 3 h lang bei 400 °C im Laborofen erwärmt, wonach das Material 3 h lang in Luft abgekühlt wird.First heat treatment: The electroplating filter cake is heated in a laboratory oven at 400 ° C for 3 hours, after which the material is cooled in air for 3 hours.
Zweite Wärmebehandlung: Das Material wird 2 h lang in demselben Ofen bei 750 °C gehalten. Das erhaltene Produkt ist dunkelbraun und härter als das Mate¬ rial des folgenden Vergleichsbeispiels 1.Second heat treatment: The material is kept in the same oven at 750 ° C for 2 hours. The product obtained is dark brown and harder than the material of the following comparative example 1.
Vergleichsbeispiel 1Comparative Example 1
Es wird Beispiel 5 mit der einzigen Ausnahme wiederholt, daß nach der ersten 3-stündigen Wärmebehandlung nicht 3 h lang abge¬ kühlt wird, vielmehr weitere 3 h lang bei 400 °C gehalten wird.Example 5 is repeated with the only exception that after the first 3-hour heat treatment, the mixture is not cooled for 3 hours, but is kept at 400 ° C. for a further 3 hours.
Erste Wärmebehandlung: Der Galvanik-Filterkuchen wird 3 h lang bei 400 °C im Laborofen erwärmt und noch weitere 3 h lang bei dieser Temperatur gehalten.First heat treatment: The electroplating filter cake is heated for 3 hours at 400 ° C in the laboratory oven and kept at this temperature for a further 3 hours.
Zweite Wärmebehandlung: Das Material wird ohne Abkühlung von 300 °C auf 750 °C erhitzt und bei dieser Temperatur 2 h lang gehal¬ ten.Second heat treatment: The material is heated from 300 ° C. to 750 ° C. without cooling and is kept at this temperature for 2 hours.
Das erhaltene Produkt ist hellbraun und nicht so hart wie das Produkt von Beispiel 5.The product obtained is light brown and not as hard as the product from Example 5.
Vergleichsbeispiel 2Comparative Example 2
Es wird ein Galvanik-Filterkuchen mit den Bestandteilen gemäß Beispiel 1 eingesetzt.An electroplating filter cake with the components according to Example 1 is used.
Erste und einzige Wärmebehandlung: Der Galvanik-Filterkuchen wird in einen Laborofen bei 300 °C gegeben, auf 750 °C erhitzt und bei dieser Temperatur 2 h lang gehalten. Danach wird das Material aus dem Ofen entfernt und in Luft abgekühlt.First and only heat treatment: The electroplating filter cake is placed in a laboratory oven at 300 ° C, heated to 750 ° C and held at this temperature for 2 hours. The material is then removed from the oven and cooled in air.
Das erhaltene Produkt ist außen hellbraun, innen jedoch grau und nicht so hart wie das Produkt des folgenden Beispiels 6. Beispiel 6The product obtained is light brown on the outside but gray on the inside and not as hard as the product of Example 6 below. Example 6
Es wird Vergleichsbeispiel 2 mit der einzigen Ausnahme wieder¬ holt, daß das Material nicht in Luft, sondern in einer Sauer¬ stoffatmosphäre abgekühlt wird.Comparative example 2 is repeated with the only exception that the material is not cooled in air but in an oxygen atmosphere.
Das erhaltene Produkt ist außen hellbraun, innen wiederum grau, jedoch härter als das Produkt des Vergleichsbeispiels 2.The product obtained is light brown on the outside, again gray on the inside, but harder than the product of Comparative Example 2.
Vergleichsbeispiel 3Comparative Example 3
Es wird reiner Aluminiumhydroxid-Schlamm eingesetzt.Pure aluminum hydroxide sludge is used.
Erste und einzige Wärmebehandlung: Das Material wird bei 300 °C in einen Laborofen gegeben, auf 750 °C erhitzt und bei dieser Temperatur 2 h lang gehalten und danach in Luft abgekühlt.First and only heat treatment: The material is placed in a laboratory furnace at 300 ° C, heated to 750 ° C and held at this temperature for 2 hours and then cooled in air.
Das erhaltene Produkt ist nicht so hart wie das des folgenden Beispiels 7.The product obtained is not as hard as that of Example 7 below.
Beispiel 7Example 7
Es wird Vergleichsbeiεpiel 3 mit der einzigen Ausnahme wieder¬ holt, daß nicht in Luft, vielmehr in einer Sauerstoffatmosphäre abgekühlt wird.Comparative example 3 is repeated with the only exception that cooling is not carried out in air, but rather in an oxygen atmosphere.
Das erhaltene Produkt gleicht seinem optischen Erscheinungsbild nach dem des Vergleichsbeispiels 3, ist jedoch härter. The product obtained has the same visual appearance as that of Comparative Example 3, but is harder.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU77825/94A AU7782594A (en) | 1993-09-15 | 1994-09-15 | Raw materials for glass and ceramics manufacture as well as a process for producing them |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4331352.3 | 1993-09-15 | ||
| DE4331352A DE4331352A1 (en) | 1993-09-15 | 1993-09-15 | Raw materials for glass and ceramic production as well as processes for their production |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1995007864A1 true WO1995007864A1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
Family
ID=6497791
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1994/003097 Ceased WO1995007864A1 (en) | 1993-09-15 | 1994-09-15 | Raw materials for glass and ceramics manufacture as well as a process for producing them |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU7782594A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4331352A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995007864A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2136625C1 (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 1999-09-10 | Чумаченко Наталья Генриховна | Raw mix for manufacturing ceramic wall products |
| RU2151130C1 (en) * | 1998-07-14 | 2000-06-20 | Технологический институт Саратовского государственного технического университета | Mass for ceramic filter-membrane making |
| RU2177924C1 (en) * | 2000-05-06 | 2002-01-10 | Казанская государственная архитектурно-строительная академия | Method of preparing blend for making wall ceramic products |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4233334A1 (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1994-04-07 | Hoelter Heinz | Processing building materials without hazardous gases - by adjustment of reaction temp. and time when processing recycled materials |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2344324A1 (en) * | 1972-09-12 | 1974-04-25 | John O Hopkins | PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SULFUR-CONTAINING SLAG AND PRODUCT PRODUCED BY THIS PROCESS |
| FR2397858A1 (en) * | 1977-07-22 | 1979-02-16 | Pelt & Hooykaas | PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF FILTRATION MASSES OBTAINED IN PARTICULAR DURING THE PURIFICATION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID |
| EP0002536A1 (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1979-06-27 | Wessel-Werk GmbH | Method for refining treatment of phosphorus furnace slag and the use of the material obtained by this method |
| EP0294362A2 (en) * | 1987-06-05 | 1988-12-07 | Öko Wien Umweltschutzprojektentwicklungs- und managementgesellschaft m.b.H. | Process and apparatus for the preparation of water insolubles granules, bodies and the like |
| JPH03137041A (en) * | 1989-10-20 | 1991-06-11 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Method for heat treatment of fly ash and low heating and high durability cement |
| US5220112A (en) * | 1991-09-10 | 1993-06-15 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Fixation of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator ash |
-
1993
- 1993-09-15 DE DE4331352A patent/DE4331352A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-09-15 AU AU77825/94A patent/AU7782594A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-15 WO PCT/EP1994/003097 patent/WO1995007864A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2344324A1 (en) * | 1972-09-12 | 1974-04-25 | John O Hopkins | PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SULFUR-CONTAINING SLAG AND PRODUCT PRODUCED BY THIS PROCESS |
| FR2397858A1 (en) * | 1977-07-22 | 1979-02-16 | Pelt & Hooykaas | PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF FILTRATION MASSES OBTAINED IN PARTICULAR DURING THE PURIFICATION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID |
| EP0002536A1 (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1979-06-27 | Wessel-Werk GmbH | Method for refining treatment of phosphorus furnace slag and the use of the material obtained by this method |
| EP0294362A2 (en) * | 1987-06-05 | 1988-12-07 | Öko Wien Umweltschutzprojektentwicklungs- und managementgesellschaft m.b.H. | Process and apparatus for the preparation of water insolubles granules, bodies and the like |
| JPH03137041A (en) * | 1989-10-20 | 1991-06-11 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Method for heat treatment of fly ash and low heating and high durability cement |
| US5220112A (en) * | 1991-09-10 | 1993-06-15 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Fixation of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator ash |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 115, no. 20, 18 November 1991, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 213701j, page 372; * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2151130C1 (en) * | 1998-07-14 | 2000-06-20 | Технологический институт Саратовского государственного технического университета | Mass for ceramic filter-membrane making |
| RU2136625C1 (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 1999-09-10 | Чумаченко Наталья Генриховна | Raw mix for manufacturing ceramic wall products |
| RU2177924C1 (en) * | 2000-05-06 | 2002-01-10 | Казанская государственная архитектурно-строительная академия | Method of preparing blend for making wall ceramic products |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7782594A (en) | 1995-04-03 |
| DE4331352A1 (en) | 1995-03-16 |
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