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WO1994029475A1 - Masse cellulaire provenant de cuves de fermentation et utilisee comme source de nutrition dans la conversion de biomasse en ethanol - Google Patents

Masse cellulaire provenant de cuves de fermentation et utilisee comme source de nutrition dans la conversion de biomasse en ethanol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994029475A1
WO1994029475A1 PCT/US1994/006518 US9406518W WO9429475A1 WO 1994029475 A1 WO1994029475 A1 WO 1994029475A1 US 9406518 W US9406518 W US 9406518W WO 9429475 A1 WO9429475 A1 WO 9429475A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ethanol
cell mass
biomass
carbohydrate material
fermenters
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1994/006518
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
George P. Philippidis
Charles E. Wyman
Norman D. Hinman
Diane D. Spindler
Daniel J. Schell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Midwest Research Institute
Original Assignee
Midwest Research Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Midwest Research Institute filed Critical Midwest Research Institute
Publication of WO1994029475A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994029475A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
    • C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to introducing cell mass from fermenters as a source of nutrients in biomass-to-ethanol conversion processes. Specifically, the present invention relates to a process for recycling part or all of the effluent stream of fermenters, including distillation residues back to the fermenters to serve as a source of nutrients for the needs of fermentative organisms in biomass-to-ethanol conversion processes; wherein nutrients present in the cell mass and in the surrounding solution retain their nutritive value and can be taken up by the ethanol-producing organisms for cell growth and product formation purposes.
  • the design format of the fermenter is such that, various nutrients including carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, magnesium, and phosphorous sources, vitamins, cofactors, amino acids, and trace elements are provided exogenously to support cell growth and propagation with concomitant formation of ethanol.
  • these nutrients become incorporated in the cell mass and are discarded at the end of the conventional process.
  • the continuous addition of fresh nutrients to the fermenters increases the operating expenses of the biomass conversion process and contributes significantly to the final cost of the product, ethanol.
  • U.S. Patent 4,436,814 discloses recovery of enzymes used for the production of fermentation alcohol.
  • the enzyme contained in wash water after solids separation is led back into the first enzymatic degradation stage simultaneously with a portion of the slop coining from the distillation.
  • streams from the enzymatic treatment tanks and the distillation column contain active amylase enzymes, that are recycled to the front end of the process in order to minimize enzyme supplementation cost.
  • U.S. Patent 4,497,896 A process for fermentation of glucose with recycle of non-fermented components is disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,497,896.
  • this patent there is disclosed, in particular, glucose fermentation where at least a part of the distillation residue is recycled as part of the feedstock slurry of starch and acid to a hydrolyzer to allow unfermented feedstock to be hydrolyzed to a fermentable glucose-containing fluid.
  • a portion of the distillation residue of a starch-to-ethanol plant, which contains carbohydrates, is recycled to the front end of the process in order to hydrolyze the unconverted carbohydrate.
  • Patent 4,578,353 is also directed to fermentation of glucose with recycle of non-fermented components, wherein at least part of the distillation residue is recycled as part of the feedstock slurry of starch and acid to a hydrolyzer to permit unfermented feedstock to be hydrolyzed to a fermentable glucose- containing fluid.
  • a process for alcohol recovery by continuous fermentation is disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,036,005, and represents a system that involves the recycling of solvent used in an extraction process. More specifically, this is an extractive distillation followed by vacuum stripping (for solvent regeneration) in order to reduce energy requirements for production of ethanol by continuous fermentation.
  • U.S. Patent 5,110,319 discloses a process for extracting ethanol from fermentation broths for direct blending into gasoline while preserving cell viability broth for recycling.
  • a solvent that is not toxic to cell mass is used to extract ethanol from the fermentation broth.
  • the solvent-ethanol mixture is blended with gasoline, whereas the cells in the broth are returned to the fermenter to enrich the feedstream.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a process that introduces the recycling of part or all of the effluent streams of fermenters back to the fermenters to serve as a source of nutrients for the needs of the fermentative organisms in a biomass-to-ethanol process.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for introducing the recycling of part or all of the effluent streams of fermenters, including the distillation residues, back to the fermenters to serve as a source of nutrients for the needs of the fermentative organisms in a biomass-to-ethanol process.
  • a yet further object of the present invention is to provide a process for introducing the recycling of part or all of the effluent stream of fermenters back to the fermenters to serve as a source of nutrients for the fermentative organisms, so that nutrients present in the cell mass and in the surrounding solution retain their nutritive value and will be taken up by the ethanol-producing organisms for cell growth and product formation purposes.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for a process of converting hgnocellulosic biomass-to-ethanol, which minimizes exogenous addition of nutrients to the fermenters of the process, wherein recycling the cell mass present in the effluent of the fermenters back to the fermenters is utilized.
  • a yet further object of the present invention is to provide a reduction of nutrient cost and the volume of process effluents that require waste treatment in a biomass-to-ethanol process by recycling not only the unfermented substrate, but also the attendant nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, magnesium and phosphorous sources, as well as vitamins, cofactors, amino acids, and trace elements.
  • Microorganisms useful in the fermentation of the process of the invention are those that are substantially resistant to contamination and capable of withstanding wide variations in pH. By the use of such microorganisms, their tolerance will prevent contamination by other microorganisms in the fermentation broth, and such microorganisms are easily and quickly cultured.
  • microorganisms may be utilized in the fermentation; however, the microorganisms most commonly used are the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Brettanomyces custersii and the bacteria Zymomonis mobilis, Clostridium thermocellum, and Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus. Numerous strains of S. cerevisiae are available and these numerous strains differ in the amount of ethanol they can tolerate, the rate of fermentation achievable by each, and the type of saccharides they are capable of fermenting.
  • Suitable microorganisms will grow adequately on a variety of amino acids, amines, purines and pyrimidines as sources of nitrogen. Moreover, some natural sources of biomass may have adequate quantities of these nutrients to meet the growth requirements of the microorganisms.
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the yeast of choice, as its tolerance to wide ranges of pH will eliminate contamination of microorganisms from the fermentation broth. Further, this type of yeast is very easily and quickly cultured.
  • the biomass starting material for the process of the present invention may be a carbohydrate material, a chemically modified carbohydrate material, a derivative carbohydrate material or mixtures thereof.
  • These materials will include, but are not limited to cellulose and hemicellulose containing materials, such as energy crops, forestry residues, agricultural residues, municipal solid waste (including waste paper), pulp and paper industry wastes and by-products, and starch-to-ethanol industry water and by-products or combinations.
  • Glucose is produced from the carbohydrate material by enzymatic, chemical, physical, mechanical
  • hydrolysis treatment
  • the hydrolysis fluid in addition to glucose may contain other monomeric and oligomeric sugars.
  • This fluid is led to the fermentation vessels for sugar conversion to ethanol by ethanologenic microorganisms.
  • Ethanol is recovered from the fermenter effluents using distillation or extractive methods with the help of appropriate solvents and/or membrane systems. Part of the fermenter effluent prior to or after ethanol recovery (including distillation) is recycled back to the fermenters to serve as a source of nutrients for the needs of the fermentative organisms. This has been highly beneficial, as the nutrients present in the cell mass and in the surrounding solution of the carbohydrate material retain their nutritive value and are taken up by the ethanol-producing organisms for cell growth and product formation purposes.
  • the ethanol concentrations in the fermentor will be kept below about 15%, and preferably between around 4 to about 9% so that inhibition of the yeast or other ethanologenic organism is avoided.
  • the ethanol containing broth may be continuously removed from the fermentator in order to keep low concentrations of ethanol in the fermentator.
  • the apparatus for carrying out the invention will include a standard fermenter or cascade of fermentors in series or parallel operating in batch, fed-batch or continuous mode, which receives fermentation broth that includes a carbon source and microorganisms which are maintained at conventional fermentation temperatures in the production of ethanol from nutrient broths and microorganisms.
  • the broth will be a water solution of glucose, other monomeric and oligomeric sugars, enzymes, unconverted polymeric carbohydrates and their derivatives and degradation products, lignin, and its derivatives and degradation products, nutrients, metabolic products including ethanol and cells of the fermentative microorganism.
  • the broth containing ethanol is led to a distillation column where ethanol is removed by evaporation, or to an extraction column for solvent extraction and then removal by evaporation or ethanol is recovered using membranes.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

Le procédé amélioré de conversion de biomasse lignocellulosique en éthanol consiste à utiliser un matériau de biomasse sélectionné dans le groupe comprenant un matériau d'hydrate de carbone non modifié, un matériau d'hydrate de carbone modifié chimiquement, un matériau d'hydrate de carbonne dérivé et des mélanges de ceux-ci, à traiter ce matériau par voie enzymatique, chimique, physique ou mécanique afin de produire un fluide contenant du glucose, à traiter le fluide contenant du glucose dans une cuve de fermentation avec un micro-organisme de fermentation à des températures comprises entre 20 °C environ et 50 °C environ et dans des plages de pH allant de 3,0 environ à 7,0 environ, à séparer la masse cellulaire dudit matériau et les solutions entourant ladite masse cellulaire desdits matériaux et à recycler la masse cellulaire et les solutions entourant la masse cellulaire vers la cuve de fermentation pour obtenir une source de substances nutritives pour l'organisme de fermentation, à extraire le méthanol du bouillon de fermentation par distillation ou à l'aide d'un agent d'extraction ou à l'aide de membranes, et à évaporer l'éthanol du bouillon de fermentation.
PCT/US1994/006518 1993-06-11 1994-06-10 Masse cellulaire provenant de cuves de fermentation et utilisee comme source de nutrition dans la conversion de biomasse en ethanol Ceased WO1994029475A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7437493A 1993-06-11 1993-06-11
US074,374 1993-06-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994029475A1 true WO1994029475A1 (fr) 1994-12-22

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ID=22119209

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1994/006518 Ceased WO1994029475A1 (fr) 1993-06-11 1994-06-10 Masse cellulaire provenant de cuves de fermentation et utilisee comme source de nutrition dans la conversion de biomasse en ethanol

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1994029475A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004015146A1 (fr) * 2002-08-05 2004-02-19 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Limited Production d'un produit de fermentation
WO2004015145A1 (fr) * 2002-08-05 2004-02-19 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Limited Production d'un produit de fermentation
WO2008072184A1 (fr) * 2006-12-11 2008-06-19 Volkmar Passoth Cultures de fermentation et procédés les utilisant
WO2010080434A1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2010-07-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Prétraitement par solvant organique d'une biomasse pour augmenter la saccharification enzymatique
WO2011086244A2 (fr) 2009-12-23 2011-07-21 IFP Energies Nouvelles Procede de production d'alcools et/ou de solvants a partir de pulpes papetieres avec recyclage du vegetal non hydrolyse dans un reacteur de regeneration
WO2011086245A2 (fr) 2009-12-23 2011-07-21 IFP Energies Nouvelles Procédé de production d'alcools et/ou de solvants à partir de pulpes papetières avec recyclage du végétal non hydrolysé
US9034620B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2015-05-19 Poet Research, Inc. System for the treatment of biomass to facilitate the production of ethanol
US9663807B2 (en) 2011-01-18 2017-05-30 Poet Research, Inc. Systems and methods for hydrolysis of biomass
US9982317B2 (en) 2011-07-07 2018-05-29 Poet Research, Inc. Systems and methods for acid recycle
US10533203B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2020-01-14 Poet Research, Inc. System for the treatment of biomass

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2586706A1 (fr) * 1985-08-28 1987-03-06 Santa Lydia Usina Procede de dessiccation de la bagasse de canne a sucre comprenant l'inoculation de microorganismes
US4952504A (en) * 1987-07-28 1990-08-28 Pavilon Stanley J Method for producing ethanol from biomass
WO1993005186A1 (fr) * 1991-09-11 1993-03-18 Easter James M Iii Procede de degradation de dechets urbains et de fabrication d'alcool combustible

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2586706A1 (fr) * 1985-08-28 1987-03-06 Santa Lydia Usina Procede de dessiccation de la bagasse de canne a sucre comprenant l'inoculation de microorganismes
US4952504A (en) * 1987-07-28 1990-08-28 Pavilon Stanley J Method for producing ethanol from biomass
WO1993005186A1 (fr) * 1991-09-11 1993-03-18 Easter James M Iii Procede de degradation de dechets urbains et de fabrication d'alcool combustible

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
I.S. CHUNG & Y.Y. LEE: "Ethanol fermentation of crude acid hydrolyzate of cellulose using high level yeast inocula.", BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING., vol. 27, no. 3, March 1985 (1985-03-01), NEW YORK US, pages 308 - 315 *

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8030040B2 (en) * 2002-08-05 2011-10-04 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Ltd. Production of a fermentation product
WO2004015145A1 (fr) * 2002-08-05 2004-02-19 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Limited Production d'un produit de fermentation
CN100352945C (zh) * 2002-08-05 2007-12-05 西巴特殊化学水处理有限公司 发酵产品的生产
US7455997B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2008-11-25 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Ltd Production of fermentation product
WO2004015146A1 (fr) * 2002-08-05 2004-02-19 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Limited Production d'un produit de fermentation
WO2008072184A1 (fr) * 2006-12-11 2008-06-19 Volkmar Passoth Cultures de fermentation et procédés les utilisant
US8241880B2 (en) 2008-12-19 2012-08-14 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Organic solvent pretreatment of biomass to enhance enzymatic saccharification
WO2010080434A1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2010-07-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Prétraitement par solvant organique d'une biomasse pour augmenter la saccharification enzymatique
US8389253B2 (en) 2008-12-19 2013-03-05 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Organic solvent pretreatment of biomass to enhance enzymatic saccharification
WO2011086244A2 (fr) 2009-12-23 2011-07-21 IFP Energies Nouvelles Procede de production d'alcools et/ou de solvants a partir de pulpes papetieres avec recyclage du vegetal non hydrolyse dans un reacteur de regeneration
WO2011086245A2 (fr) 2009-12-23 2011-07-21 IFP Energies Nouvelles Procédé de production d'alcools et/ou de solvants à partir de pulpes papetières avec recyclage du végétal non hydrolysé
US9034620B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2015-05-19 Poet Research, Inc. System for the treatment of biomass to facilitate the production of ethanol
US10533203B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2020-01-14 Poet Research, Inc. System for the treatment of biomass
US9663807B2 (en) 2011-01-18 2017-05-30 Poet Research, Inc. Systems and methods for hydrolysis of biomass
US9982317B2 (en) 2011-07-07 2018-05-29 Poet Research, Inc. Systems and methods for acid recycle
US10731229B2 (en) 2011-07-07 2020-08-04 Poet Research, Inc. Systems and methods for acid recycle

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