WO1994029029A1 - Device for removing the bond between the different components of a composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for removing the bond between at least two different components of a bulk composite material in a reactor containing a solvent or a mixture of solvents, the reactor having an assembly designed to mix the bulk material and solvent, closable feed and discharge devices for the bulk material, plus auxiliary equipment, including closable feed and discharge lines, for the liquids used in the process. Fitted in the reactor housing (10) so that it can rotate is a horizontally mounted, partly perforated drum (30) designed to hold the bulk material. At intervals during the treatment of the bulk material, the drum (30) is partly dipped into the solvent (2) in the lower part of the reactor housing (10).

Description

 Device for removing the connection of various components of a composite material

DESCRIPTION:

The invention relates to a device for breaking the connection between at least two different proportions of a composite material in bulk form in a reactor containing a solvent or solvent mixture with an assembly for mixing bulk material and solvent, with closable charging and discharge devices for the bulk material, as well as with auxiliary units, including their closable inlets and outlets, for the media which maintain and support the reaction process.

Increasingly, the industry is taking back used plastics, stimulated, among other things, by newer statutory regulations on the obligation to take them back and recycling them, and, like the production residues previously incurred, processes them using various recycling processes. Some of the materials to be reprocessed are film-like plastic packagings that are not of the same type. These packaging materials often consist of a composite of plastic and metal foils, such as in the case of tablet packaging in the form of drug blisters. Plastic and metal foils are firmly glued to one another, for example, by small amounts of an adhesion promoter. In the case of such composite materials, the recovery of unmixed plastic and metal or aluminum components is difficult and expensive. So far, the packaging materials have been chopped into small-sized bulk goods and introduced into stirred tanks filled with solvents. The solvents used here are preferably swelling and releasing agents based on water-acetone, as are known from PCT / EP 92/01767 (WO 93/04116).

In the stirred solvent e.g. the adhesion promoter, which firmly connects the plastic film to the metal film, is released or detached so that the plastic detaches from the metal film.

The use of a conventional stirred tank has several disadvantages. The volume of solvent must be greater than the volume of the uncompressed bulk material. There are also zones in the stirred tank which have different effects on the detachment process or on the bulk material. In the area of the stirrer there are sometimes undesirable collisions between the stirrer and the bulk material. There, parts of the bulk material are crumpled up or get stuck to the stirrer. Outside the stirring area there are zones in which little or no solvent exchange takes place. Part of the bulk material is in dead water or low-flow zones, while another part floats on the surface of the solvent. The detachment is unsatisfactory everywhere. In addition, during the detachment process, the contaminants, such as e.g. Tablet residues, crushed by the stirring device, whereby the quality of the detachment and separation process is reduced or the filtering out is made more difficult.

The invention is therefore based on the problem of creating a device for removing the connection of different components of a composite material, in which preferably the

The composite of plastic and aluminum foils can be detached, dirt can be filtered out and the plastic and aluminum foil parts detached from one another can be dried. The devices The design should be designed so that larger batches of composite material can be processed in a short time with low solvent and energy consumption. Furthermore, other disadvantages known from the prior art are to be avoided.

The solution to the problem is achieved by a device in which an approximately horizontally oriented reactor drum intended for receiving bulk material is rotatably arranged in the interior of the reactor vessel, and the reactor drum consists of at least three essentially tubular coaxially arranged one behind the other Connected sections exists, the outer sections having a smaller cross section than an intermediate middle section, the wall of which is perforated, and in which the reactor drum is partially and temporarily immersed in the fillable solvent in the lower region of the reactor vessel.

The reactor vessel is an elongated vessel in which an elongated reactor drum rotates about a horizontal axis in a kind of solvent sump. The reactor vessel preferably surrounds the reactor drum in a tight-fitting and gas-tight manner. The drum itself has a central part with a large diameter and a perforated wall in which the bulk material is circulated during the operation of the device. At the front and rear, as seen in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, pieces of pipe are arranged rigidly and coaxially on the central part, which are used for loading and unloading the central part with bulk material and / or the drum bearing. The bulk material is introduced through them, for example by means of a gas stream, and discharged again after the treatment has taken place. The jumps in diameter between the central part and the loading and unloading pipes are bridged, for example, by disks or truncated cones. The middle part, as well as the outside tubes can be designed as polygonal prisms, in the form of truncated cones or barrels. During the peeling operation, the rotating middle part is immersed, for example with 20% of its circumference, in which the Solvent located in the reactor container in order to bring the solvent intensively into contact with the bulk material. Through contact with the solvent, the plastic parts of the packaging residues swell, so that the plastic parts shear off from the metal foil connected to them due to their, inter alia, increasing surface area. After the end of the detachment, that is, when the bond between the plastic and aluminum parts has been released, the solvent is drained off. Now the plastic and aluminum foil parts can be dried with the rotating middle part or drum.

This device enables a very economical use of the solvent used. Because, based on a constant amount of bulk material, only about a fifth of the amount of solvent that would be required to operate a stirred tank is required. As a result of this and the gentle separation of the tablet residues on the bottom of the reactor vessel, in contrast to the conventional stirred kettle, there are low procurement and reprocessing costs for the solvent. Furthermore, the detachment process taking place between the plastic and aluminum parts is accelerated by the continuous dropping of the bulk material wetted with solvent during the rotation of the drum. The intensive contact between different bulk material parts relieves some of the stresses that are built up by the swelling process between the composite materials that are still adhering to each other. The bulk material parts cannot float in the reactor drum or get caught in low-flow zones.

Furthermore, the possibility of drying bulk goods while the reactor drum is rotating saves a special dryer system, which is associated with a further reduction in operating and system costs compared to known systems. Gas or steam can also be used as a solvent in this device.

The reactor vessel is divided horizontally, the lower one Part is designed as a trough-shaped trough with at least one inlet and outlet for the solvent and the upper part is designed as a lid with an exhaust port and sight glasses.

The division level is preferably in the upper third of the reactor container. As a result, the edge of the trough-shaped reactor trough lies above the rotating reactor drum parts which are led out of the reactor vessel. Accordingly, these reactor drum parts passed through the end wall of the reactor only require undivided, solvent-resistant sealing elements for gas-impermeable sealing against the outer wall of the reactor.

The reactor trough, i.e. the lower part of the reactor vessel, is equipped with inlets and outlets for the solvent. These inflows and outflows are preferably provided multiple times or have large cross sections so that the reactor can be filled and / or emptied quickly. Sieves and filters are arranged in the drain system in order to at least partially remove the contaminants from the solvent during emptying. The reactor cover lies on the reactor trough via a sealable flange connection. The reactor cover preferably has an exhaust port in its front area. Et al The process exhaust air leaves the reactor vessel, e.g. in the case of circulating air or fresh air drying of the bulk material. Furthermore, several sight glasses are let into the reactor cover. These consist of solvent-resistant and unbreakable glasses or plastics. They serve to illuminate and observe the interior of the reactor, and also as a removable cover, so that sensors and probes for subsequent installation can be passed gas-tight through the openings formed in suitable special covers.

The bearings for accommodating the reactor drum are arranged outside the reactor vessel on a frame that supports both assemblies.

Such an arrangement has the advantage that the bearings with their bearings, lubricants and load-bearing parts are not exposed to the chemical media found in the interior of the reactor. Likewise, the physical and / or chemical reaction processes are not impaired by lubricants and possibly abrasion of the bearings. The bearings can also be inspected and serviced without having to open the reactor vessel.

For the bearings, the speed, the weight and the deformation during operation of the reactor drum are adapted e.g. Rolling,

Plain or gas bearings, also used in segment construction. Even an arrangement of support rollers is conceivable.

The bearings are preferably mounted as separate assemblies with the reactor vessel on a common frame.

The storage of the reactor drum comprises split spherical roller bearings arranged in elastic elements, the inner rings of the spherical roller bearings being supported on parts of the loading and discharge devices for the bulk material.

The outer rings of the spherical roller bearings sit in bearing blocks that are also shared. For vibration damping, they can be compared to the bearing bracket shells with damping elements, e.g. Rubber elements, be supported.

The inner rings of the bearings are preferably clamped with clamping and centering means against a shaft collar arranged on the tubular parts of the loading and discharge device.

The front outer section of the reactor drum is a cylindrical feed pipe and the rear outer section is a cylindrical discharge pipe, flanges being arranged at the free ends of these two pipes. The feed pipe protrudes freely into the middle section of the reactor drum. Furthermore, a truncated cone is between the central section with the perforated wall and the discharge pipe jacket-shaped component arranged.

Thus, the reactor drum is preferably an elongated hollow shaft in which a cylindrical feed pipe is connected to a central section to which a truncated cone-shaped jacket part is connected, which in turn merges into a cylindrical discharge pipe. All parts welded to one another form a dimensionally stable rotating body, which is firmly attached to pipe parts stored outside the reactor vessel via its end flanges.

The feed pipe drawn into the middle section prevents bulk material from being conveyed into the feed pipe in the event that the reactor drum is equipped with conveying elements and in the clockwise and left-handed operation moves the bulk material back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the reactor drum. In the case of backward conveyance, the bulk material would be conveyed into the feed pipe without protruding into it. However, the bulk material accumulates at the front end of the reactor drum to form a cluster in which the bulk material moves radially toward the imaginary reactor drum axis at the front end under the rotation of the reactor drum, and then at the upper end of the cluster arrived to flow in the discharge direction. With this circulating movement of bulk goods, with certain bulk goods compositions the lighter bulk goods parts are partially separated from the heavier ones. This can shorten a downstream wind vision process.

Furthermore, the special arrangement of the feed pipe, the frustoconical component and the discharge pipe creates a spatial arrangement which is similar to the structure of a jet pump.

To empty the reactor drum, a rapidly flowing gas stream is sent through the feed pipe, which now has the function of a driving nozzle. This gas stream pulls the bulk material out of the middle section, which now serves as a mixing chamber, and drives it into the discharge tube via the truncated cone jacket acting as a collecting nozzle. Since the middle δ cut is perforated, the gas stream draws foreign gas from the exhaust air nozzle arranged behind the feed pipe outlet in the reactor cover, through the suction of which the bulk material is sucked out of all areas of the perforated section.

At least in the area of the perforated wall, individual mixing segments are arranged in the reactor drum, the imaginary envelope surface of which has a helical contour.

These mixing segments are, for example, circular ring pieces, circular segments, blades, etc., arranged at a distance from one another and winding on the inner wall of the reactor drum in a helical fashion, at least through the central reactor section. The height of the mixing segments is such that the gas flowing temporarily from the outlet of the feed pipe to the inlet of the discharge pipe is only slightly or not obstructed. The selected arrangement of the mixing segments serves for the forward and backward conveyance of the bulk material with a slowly rotating reactor drum. Due to the gaps between the individual mixing segments, the bulk material falls over one another despite the forward and backward conveyance in the reactor drum and mixes well in this way. Effective wetting of the bulk material with solvent is also achieved. These effects are achieved particularly well with mixing segments whose outer contours are drawn towards the gaps in the direction of the reactor drum wall, e.g. if their contour is elliptical or parabolic towards the drum axis.

In addition to or instead of these mixing segments, stumbling elements running parallel to the drum axis, e.g. prismatic strips can be used. Like the mixing segments, these can be used as scooping devices for the solvent provided with cavities. They scoop the solvent out of the solvent sump and release it again over the bulk material.

The perforated reactor drum part is perforated other mesh size convertible.

The mesh size of the sieve-like central section of the reactor drum depends on the dimensions of the composite materials to be detached from one another. Since small mesh sizes not only impede the wetting of the bulk material with the solvent, but also make the drying process of the detached bulk material parts more difficult, the reactor drum is provided with larger bores from the outset, which then, if necessary, for example by hand, have a narrow mesh Net or with a perforated plate comparable in perforation between the mixing segments.

The changeover to a different mesh size can also be effected mechanically. For this, e.g. the middle section of the reactor drum is divided into 10 adjacent, short cylinders of the same size. The even-numbered cylinders have large holes, while the neighboring odd-numbered cylinders have small holes. Furthermore, the perforated reactor drum section is surrounded by an outer jacket which consists of five imperforate cylinders connected to one another by webs. The webs and cylinders each have the length of the short cylinders mentioned above. The outer jacket consequently has a total length of nine short cylinders. The cylinder zones with the large or the small bores are alternately closed by the axial displacement of the outer jacket on the middle reactor drum section.

The reactor drum is coupled to a motor drive. The entire reactor drum is rotated about its longitudinal axis via it. The drive preferably consists of a traction mechanism gear and a controllable electric motor with additional gear. For example, a toothed belt drive is used as the traction mechanism gear. The change in the direction of the reactor drum rotation is effected by switching the motor. As an alternative to this, a gearbox is also conceivable which rotates the reactor drum direction of rotation with the motor running at approximately constant speed and direction of rotation. changes at least one revolution.

A heater is arranged in the reactor trough in the area between the perforated reactor drum part and the reactor trough wall.

The purpose of this heater is to keep the solvent at a determinable temperature in order to influence the release rate, for example.

The heating elements can include heat exchangers through which heating fluid flows are used. There is also the possibility of flowing the solvent in a circuit through the reactor vessel and an external heat exchanger in order to supply it to the reactor vessel permanently in a heated state.

Another alternative is to make the reactor trough double-walled in the area of the perforated reactor drum part, the double-walled area forming a closed chamber which is connected via connections to a heat exchanger located outside the reactor trough. The outer wall of the chamber is insulated to keep heat loss to a minimum.

A cooling device is arranged in the upper inner region of the reactor vessel. It is attached to the reactor cover and consists of a helically wound cooling tube, the inlet and outlet of which are led through the reactor cover.

Most of the solvent evaporated in the reactor vessel during the detachment process condenses out on this cooling device. The condensed solvent drips down from the cooling coil, which is fastened directly under the reactor cover, onto the rotating reactor drum and is thus returned to the detachment process. Through this After the detachment process, the solvent is condensed and during the subsequent drying and discharge processes hardly any solvent is discharged from the reactor vessel, which saves solvent and reduces the effort for cleaning the process air.

A sprinkler system is also installed above the reactor drum for the further introduction of solvent into the reactor vessel. The sprinkler system preferably consists of a U-shaped tube with two inlets, the two inlets being offset on both sides on the right and left under the cooling device. The size of the nozzle bores in the inlets is adapted in accordance with the pressure drop in the pipeline in such a way that the perforated area of the reactor drum is sprayed uniformly.

This additional introduction of solvent has the task of improving the wetting of the bulk material in order to keep the amount of solvent circulated in the reactor vessel small. The solvent introduced can be removed, for example, via a filter directly from the solvent sump of the reactor vessel or from a processing plant or a collecting tank.

Instead of sprinkling the reactor drum from the outside, the drum can alternatively also be sprayed from the inside. For this purpose, the pressure line provided with nozzles is led through the reactor drum parallel to its longitudinal axis. The pressure line is fixed outside the reactor drum in the fixed feed and discharge pipes for the bulk material. Furthermore, scooping elements running axially parallel to the outside of the reactor drum can be attached, which, regardless of the direction of rotation of the reactor drum, scoop solvent during the rotation of the drum, which then reaches the interior of the reactor via the perforation. A nitrogen evaporator is arranged in the reactor container and consists of an inlet pipe and a heat-conducting evaporator plate, via which the nitrogen inlet is connected to the inside of the reactor. The vaporizer plate comprises two round plates lying on top of one another and connected to one another, the lower plate having a central chamber oriented towards the upper plate, from which radially extending grooves extend to the chamfered plate edge.

Solvents or mixtures of solvents are sometimes used for the detachment process, which together with atmospheric oxygen can form an explosive mixture. The atmospheric oxygen via leaks in the reactor vessel, since a vacuum is maintained in the reactor for safety reasons, at least as long as solvent evaporation is present. In addition, hot air flows partly through the reactor vessel to dry the bulk material.

With the help of the nitrogen evaporator, the atmospheric oxygen present in the reactor vessel is displaced by nitrogen. For this purpose, the evaporator is supplied with liquid nitrogen, for example, via the feed tube. The nitrogen evaporates in the relatively warm compared to nitrogen. Evaporator plate on the way through the channels or bores which are radially arranged there. The evaporator is preferably located in the rear area of the reactor vessel. As a result, the nitrogen must flow through the entire reactor vessel before it is sucked off through the exhaust air nozzle arranged in the front area of the reactor cover.

Flow baffles and / or specially oriented compressed gas nozzles can be arranged in the discharge pipe. The flow baffles are positioned relative to the imaginary center line of the discharge pipe. The compressed gas nozzles fed via feed lines running in the vicinity of the discharge pipe wall are arranged such that at least some of them have the larger jet component in the discharge direction and the smaller jet component in the circumferential direction of the discharge pipe are directed.

The flow guide plates or the compressed gas nozzles or a combination thereof thus set the gas flow in the discharge pipe in a helical movement during the discharge process. The swirl of the flow prevents parts of the bulk material from settling in certain zones and narrowing the flow cross section there. Such a flow pattern also favors a possibly downstream wind vision process.

The individual flow baffles arranged, for example, in the discharge tube, on the inner wall thereof, can be pivoted so that the baffles can, if they have the appropriate shape, release or close the flow cross-section of the discharge tube almost completely, and can assume any angular position between them. The adjustability of the flow baffles thus offers the possibility, e.g. after discharge of the bulk material, by briefly closing and releasing the flow cross-section

To generate pressure fluctuations in the discharge pipe, which blow free and discharge the remaining bulk material deposits.

When using pressure nozzles, the jet directions of which can also be adjustable, the feed lines and parts of the nozzle are preferably integrated in the discharge pipe in order to keep the flow resistance caused by them low. The supply of the pressurized gas, e.g. Compressed air or gaseous nitrogen is carried out here with pressure sleeves opposite the rotating discharge tube.

The flow baffles and / or pressure nozzles can also be arranged in a pipe which is spatially immediately downstream, rotating or also stationary.

The reactor and at least some of the closable feed and discharge devices are surrounded by a almost closed outer cladding, in the lower area of which there are suction systems for the media released in the process.

The reactor, which can be closed essentially gas-tight, is equipped with many additional devices, such as heat exchangers, filter systems, dirt separators, solvent preparation, air classifiers, etc. all types of lockable valves and sliders. The reactor, the additional devices and their connecting elements can hardly be operated without any leakage points. In order to collect escaping vapors, gases or liquids, the entire system is enclosed with an outer casing. Within this cladding, negative pressure is generated and maintained by means of a suction of soil air via swirl pipes.

Further details of the invention result from the following description of the schematically represented embodiment:

Figure 1: Side view of the reactor.

Figure 2: Cross section through the reactor.

Figure 3: Side view of the nitrogen evaporator with a partial section.

Figure 1 shows a reactor in side view, which comprises several assemblies. Specifically, these are the reactor container (10), the reactor drum (30) and the additional devices such as the heater (50), the cooling (60), the sprinkler system (70) and the nitrogen evaporator (80).

The reactor vessel (10) is carried by a frame (1) and consists of an upper and lower part, both of which have a common horizontal parting line above the reactor drum (30). The upper part, a cover (12), sits on the lower part, the reactor trough (11), which has a trough shape, via a seal and a quick-release screw connection.

The reactor trough bottom has a gradient of approx. 3-5 ° in the direction of an outlet connector (16). The solvent (2) used is drained off via this nozzle, which is located at the deepest point of the reactor trough and is arranged vertically downwards. The solid portions of tablets and blister parts are also rinsed out through it, and due to their small dimensions are discharged through the perforation of the reactor drum into the solvent (2). In the immediate vicinity of the outlet connection (16) there is a revision opening (17) for the reactor trough bottom, which is oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reactor vessel and has a temperature measuring point.

Above the drain connection (16) there is an overflow connection (18) for the solvent (2) on the front reactor wall (13). An inlet connection (15) for the solvent is arranged next to it at the other end of the reactor trough part filled with solvent. For certain detachment processes, the solvent is exchanged continuously in that it constantly flows in via the inlet connection and the outlet or overflow connection. If the solvent is not exchanged during the treatment of an entire batch, the overflow nozzle is e.g. closed with a level sight glass.

The reactor cover, which can be removed for maintenance and assembly purposes, has an exhaust air connector (21) on its upper side in the front area. Process exhaust, recirculation and drying or discharge air flows through it. Detachable inspection glasses (22) are attached to the bevelled side parts of the reactor cover. The interior of the reactor is illuminated by the rear sight glasses by means of headlights arranged on the outside of the sight glasses. Mounts for observation cameras are also provided there. The opposite, front sight glasses are used for direct monitoring of the detachment process. The reactor cover also serves as a support for various additional devices.

The reactor drum (30) is in principle a hollow shaft, which consists of several cylindrical and one truncated cone-shaped hollow body, with all center lines of these bodies being aligned. The centerpiece in which the detachment process takes place is formed by a perforated reactor drum part, the sieve tube (31). This sieve tube, which has a mesh size of 10 mm, for example, is covered on its front face with a face plate in which a feed pipe (33) is attached centrally. The feed tube protrudes into the middle of the longitudinal extent of the sieve tube (31). A frusto-conical component (32) is welded to the rear end of the sieve tube (31) and has a conical surface inclination of approximately 25 °. It connects the sieve tube to the discharge tube (34) in a funnel shape. The loading and discharge pipe has a flange on its side facing away from the sieve pipe.

A feed pipe (35) is flanged to the front end of the feed pipe (33). At the rear end of the discharge pipe (34), in the interior of which a plurality of flow guide plates (37) are arranged at approximately 30 ° to the center line, an outlet pipe (36) is also fastened via a detachable flange connection. The reactor drum is stored in the bearing blocks (41) and (42) outside the reactor vessel via the feed and outlet pipe. The seals (43) are attached at the points at which the flow and outlet pipes are led through the reactor trough. The flange connections between the reactor drum and the feed pipe and outlet pipe facilitate the assembly and repair of the reactor drum. The reactor drum can be removed without the bearings being misaligned.

The bearing blocks (41, 42) sit on the frame (1) and each contain a double-row spherical roller bearing. In front of the front bearing block (41), which forms the fixed bearing, is on the Flow tube a toothed belt wheel (46) arranged. This toothed belt wheel is part of the motor drive, which is not shown.

The feed pipes (35) and outlet pipes (36) as parts of the reactor drum (30) are coupled to fixed pipes (48) and (49), via which the reactor drum is connected in a gastight manner to the plant surrounding it.

Several additional devices are accommodated in the reactor vessel. They include a heater (50) which is an integral part of the reactor trough (11). For this purpose, the reactor trough is equipped in the area of the sieve tube (31) with a second, inner wall (51) which extends over the side walls and the bottom area of the reactor trough. This creates a closed chamber (52) between the outer and inner reactor trough walls, which is preferably filled with hot water as the heat transfer medium. Stubs (54, 55, 56) located on the upper edge of the trough enable the heated water to flow in, out and back. In the rear floor area of the reactor trough there is an outlet connection (57).

Cooling (60) is accommodated in the reactor cover. It consists of a cooling pipe loop (61) attached to the reactor cover and provided with cooling plates. The cooling lines are led out on the front of the reactor cover and end in the coolant inlet (62) and outlet connection (63).

A sprinkler system (70) is attached below the cooling pipe loop (61). It comprises a U-tube (71) provided with bores. This U-tube is fastened at its rear end to the reactor cover (12) and at its front end through the front end of the reactor cover. There are the connecting pieces (72, 73) of the solvent inlet and outlet for this sprinkler system.

FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the reactor. One recognizes, among other things, the cut reactor trough (11) with the cover (12) and the exhaust port (21), the cooling pipe loop (61), the U-pipe (71) of the sprinkler system, the sieve pipe (31) with the projecting one Feed pipe (33), the flow guide plates (37) in the discharge pipe (34) and a level indicator (19) with the solvent level (3).

The shape and arrangement of the mixing segments (38) can also be seen. The area of a single mixing segment is made up of two circular sections with different radii, but chord lengths of equal length. The surface is created mentally by putting the two circular sections together along their chords. The height of the individual segments, which is measured on the drum radius steel, is designed such that the diameter of the free passage in the sieve tube (31) is preferably twice the length of the inside diameter of the loading tube (33). The length of a segment is, for example, a quarter of the circumference of the jacket of the reactor drum. The two radii forming the outer contour of the segments inevitably result from the segment length and height.

The mixing segments (38) are welded onto a screw line lying on the sieve tube, the screw line having a pitch of 150 mm. The division of the mixing segments is 120 °.

Smaller mixing segments are arranged in the cone-shaped component (32).

FIG. 3 shows the structure of the nitrogen evaporator (80). This additional device is attached in the rear area of the reactor cover (12). It consists of an inlet pipe (82) with a connecting flange and a multi-part evaporator plate (81). The evaporator plate is formed from an upper flat disk (84) and a lower disk (85).

The latter has a central distribution chamber (86) from which, for example, 36 radial V-grooves (87) with a cross section of approximately 1 mm ² each to the edge of the evaporator extend plate (81).

The edge of the lower disc has a relatively large chamfer (88) in order to give the outflowing nitrogen a certain direction of radiation.

The valves, slide valves, lines and auxiliary units necessary for the operation of the reactor, as well as the full cladding surrounding the reactor, including the suction system, are not shown.

REFERENCE SIGN LIST:

Figure 1:

1 frame

10 reactor vessels

11 reactor trough (trough-shaped trough)

12 reactor cover (cover)

13 reactor trough wall

15 inlet connector for solvent 16 outlet connector for solvent

17 Inspection opening

18 overflow nozzle for solvent

21 exhaust ports 22 sight glasses

30 reactor drum

31 perforated reactor drum part (sieve tube) 32 cone-shaped component

33 loading pipe (outer section, front)

34 discharge pipe (outer section, rear)

35 flow tube

36 outlet pipe 37 flow baffle

41 Pillow block, front

42 bearing block, rear

43 Seals 46 Toothed belt wheel 48 Fixed pipeline, front

49 fixed pipeline, rear

50 heating, (trough heating) 51 inner wall

52 chamber (heating chamber)

54 hot water supply connection

55 hot water return pipe

56 Hot water overflow connector 57 Hot water drain connector

60 cooling

61 Cooling pipe loop 62 Coolant inlet connection

63 coolant drain connector 70 sprinkler system

71 U-tube

72 connecting piece for inlet

73 connecting piece for drain

80 nitrogen evaporators

81 evaporator plate

82 inlet tube

84 top plate (disc)

85 lower plate (disc)

Figure 2:

2 solvents

3 solvent level

5 Heating water 6 Heating water level

19 level indicator for (2)

38 mixed segments

Figure 3:

86 distribution chamber

87 V grooves

88 chamfer

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Device for removing the connection between at least two different portions of a composite material in the form of bulk material in a reactor containing a solvent or solvent mixture with an assembly for mixing bulk material and solvent, with closable charging and discharge devices for the bulk material and with auxiliary units, including their closable inlets and outlets for the media which maintain and support the reaction process, characterized by the following features: a) In the interior of the reactor vessel (10) there is an approximately horizontally oriented reactor drum (30 ) rotatably arranged, b) the reactor drum (30) consists of at least three essentially tubular sections which are arranged coaxially one behind the other and are connected to one another, the outer sections (33, 34) having a smaller cross Cut as an intermediate, intermediate section (31), the wall of which is perforated and c) the reactor drum (30) is partially and temporarily immersed in the solvent (2) that can be filled in the lower region of the reactor vessel (10). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor vessel (10) is horizontally divided, the lower part as a trough-shaped trough (11) with at least one inlet and outlet (15, 16) for the solvent (2) and upper part is designed as a cover (12) with an exhaust air connector (21) and sight glasses (22). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearings (41,42) for receiving the reactor drum (30) outside the reactor vessel (10) are arranged on a frame (1) carrying both assemblies. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the storage of the reactor drum (30) comprises divided, arranged in elastic elements arranged spherical roller bearings, the inner rings of the spherical roller bearings on parts of the charging and discharge devices (35, 36) for support the bulk material. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the front outer portion of the reactor drum (30) is a cylindrical feed tube (33) and the rear outer portion is a cylindrical discharge tube (34), with flanges at the free ends of these two tubes are arranged. 6. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that the feed pipe (33) freely protrudes into the central section (31) of the reactor drum. 7. The device according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that between the central portion (31) with the perforated wall and the discharge tube (34) a truncated cone-shaped component (32) is arranged. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the reactor drum (30) at least in the region of the perforated wall, individual mixing segments (38) are arranged, the ge-conceived envelope surface has a helical contour. 9. The device according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the perforated reactor drum part (31) can be converted to a perforation with a different mesh size. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor drum (30) is coupled to a motor drive. 11. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the reactor trough (11), in the area between the perforated Reactor drum part (31) and the reactor trough wall (13), a heater (50) is arranged. 12. The device according to claim 2 and 11, characterized in that the reactor trough (11) in the region of the perforated Reaktor¬ drum part (31) is double-walled, the double-walled region forming a closed chamber (52) via connections ( 54-57) is connected to the heat exchanger located outside the reactor trough (31). 13. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a cooling device (60) is arranged in the upper inner region of the reactor vessel (10). 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the cooling device is attached to the reactor cover (12) and consists of a helically wound cooling tube (61), the inlet and outlet (62, 63) are guided through the reactor cover (12). 15. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a sprinkler system (70) is arranged above the reactor drum (30). 16. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a nitrogen evaporator (80) is arranged in the reactor vessel (10). 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the nitrogen evaporator (80) consists of an inlet tube (82) and ei¬ ner heat-conducting evaporator plate (81), via which the nitrogen inlet is connected to the inside of the reactor. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the evaporator plate (81) two superimposed and mitein- other connected round plates, wherein the lower plate (85) has a central chamber - oriented towards the upper plate (84) - from which radially extending grooves (87) extend to the chamfered plate edge. 19. The apparatus of claim 1 or 5, characterized in that flow guide plates (37) are arranged in the discharge pipe (34), which are positioned relative to the imaginary center line of the discharge pipe. 20. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that in the discharge pipe (34) compressed gas nozzles, as well as their Zulei¬ lines, are arranged in the vicinity of the discharge pipe wall, the larger jet component of individual nozzles in the Austrag direction and the smaller jet component in the circumferential direction - direction of the discharge pipe are aligned. 21. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor and at least part of the closable loading and discharge devices are surrounded by an almost closed outer cladding, in the lower area of which there are suction systems for the media released in the process. are ordered.