[go: up one dir, main page]

WO1994012874A1 - Procede d'identification de produits au petrole liquide - Google Patents

Procede d'identification de produits au petrole liquide Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1994012874A1
WO1994012874A1 PCT/GB1993/002408 GB9302408W WO9412874A1 WO 1994012874 A1 WO1994012874 A1 WO 1994012874A1 GB 9302408 W GB9302408 W GB 9302408W WO 9412874 A1 WO9412874 A1 WO 9412874A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid petroleum
petroleum product
dye
spectrum
far red
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1993/002408
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Evangelos Theocharous
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BP Oil International Ltd
Original Assignee
BP Oil International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB929224936A external-priority patent/GB9224936D0/en
Priority claimed from GB939317930A external-priority patent/GB9317930D0/en
Application filed by BP Oil International Ltd filed Critical BP Oil International Ltd
Priority to AU55685/94A priority Critical patent/AU5568594A/en
Publication of WO1994012874A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994012874A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • G01N21/643—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" non-biological material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6402—Atomic fluorescence; Laser induced fluorescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
    • G01N33/2882—Markers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • G01N2021/6439—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of identifying liquid petroleum products through the application of far red or near infra red fluorescence spectroscopy.
  • Petroleum refinery processes such as distillation are used to 5 break down crude oil into numerous useful products which may be marketed both for industrial and for domestic use. Such products are often blends which can contain up to six various components. It is therefore important to be able to accurately identify such blends and perhaps a specific component within the blend. 10
  • the detection and identification of liquid hydrocarbons using chemical markers is well known.
  • EP-A-512404 discloses a method of identifying liquid hydrocarbons by the addition of a derivative of 3, 5-dinitro-benzoic acid. Gas chromatographic separation followed by component detection using a suitable detector is used to identify 15 the chemical marker.
  • US 4278444 discloses a method of detecting the presence of regular unleaded or super unleaded gasoline. A minor amount of an alkylated isodibenzanthrone is added to the gasoline and the presence of such is detected by running the sample on a 20 fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results are compared with predetermined standard results.
  • the 25 present invention provides a quick, efficient and non-invasive method of identifying liquid petroleum products.
  • a method of identifying a liquid petroleum product using a device comprising a laser source and a means for detecting a fluorescence signal said process comprising: a) a first step of adding to the liquid petroleum product, a material capable of fluorescing in the far red or near infra red region of the spectrum, b) a second step of exposing the liquid petroleum product obtained from said first step to the laser source at a wavelength in the far red or near infra red region of the spectrum suitable for exciting the material, c) determining the presence of the material in the .liquid petroleum product by detecting the fluorescence signal.
  • the present invention provides a method of identifying liquid petroleum products by the addition of a fluorescence marker wherein the fluorescence signal is detected.
  • the method of the present invention is carried out using a device which comprises a laser source, and means for detecting the fluorescence signal. It is preferred that the device is a hand-held portable unit, especially capable of operating from an internal power source.
  • the method of the present invention is applicable to liquid petroleum products.
  • liquid petroleum products is meant gasoline, aviation fuel, kerosine, paraffin, diesel fuels, lubricating oils, marine lubricants, fuel oils and used oils.
  • the method is particularly applicable to the detection of lubricants and fuels.
  • the liquid petroleum product containing the material is exposed to a laser source at a wavelength in the far red or near infra red region of the spectrum.
  • far red and near infra red region is meant frequencies in the range of from 600 to 3000 nm.
  • the method of the present invention requires the addition of a material which is capable of fluorescing in the far red or near infra red regions of the spectrum.
  • Suitable materials include dyes and rare earth compounds which fluoresce at wavelengths in the range of from 600 to 1000 nm, preferably from 700 to 900 nm.
  • Dyes suitable for use in the present invention include general commercial laser dyes, especially as defined in general formula I where X is C(dialkyl) or S, Y is C2 to C7 alkyl and n is 1 to 10.
  • X is S
  • Y is C2 alkyl
  • n is 3.
  • a dye according to general formula II may also be used in the present invention where X may be selected from C(dialkyl) or S, n may be from 1 to 10 and Y may be Et or (CH 2 ) S0 2 0"
  • X is C(dimethyl)
  • Y is (CH 2 ) S00 " and n is 3.
  • Rare earth compounds also suitable for use in the present invention include those from the lanthanide and actinide series. Especially preferred is the use of rare earth metal salts of organic surfactant species, e.g. an alkyl or aryl sulphonate.
  • organic surfactant species e.g. an alkyl or aryl sulphonate.
  • the material may be added directly to the liquid petroleum product or may suitably be dissolved in an appropriate solvent to produce an intermediate dye concentrate.
  • the material may be dissolved in acetone, dichloromethane, alcohols, toluene, glycols, base oils, alkyl benzene and esters.
  • the preferred solvent is a glycol such as propane-1,2-diol.
  • the liquid petroleum product may be added two materials to the liquid petroleum product in a predetermined weight ratio.
  • the ratio of the fluorescence intensities observed for each dye is proportional to the predetermined weight ratio and may therefore be used to identify the liquid petroleum product.
  • a particular advantage of the present invention is that very low concentrations of the materials are added to liquid petroleum product.
  • the material may be present in a concentration from 0.001 to 1 ppm.
  • the liquid petroleum product containing the material is exposed to a laser source at a wavelength in the far red or near infra red region of the spectrum.
  • a suitable laser source may be a diode laser which has the advantages of low cost, small size, high reliability and direct current modulation of output which allows lock-in amplification to be used.
  • the fluorescence signal emitted as a result of the laser excitation may be detected by any suitable means. It is preferred to use a silicon photodetector. The presence of the signal may suitably be identified by conversion to an electric signal. The signal may be measured by a visual display unit.
  • the laser source, the silicon photodetector and the visual display component be provided in a portable unit.
  • a particular advantage of the present invention is that the device provides a non-invasive method of detecting liquid petroleum products. Where the container accommodating the liquid petroleum has a light transmitting window or is made from a transparent material, extraction of the product is not required.
  • a diode laser (1) emitting at a wavelength of 670 nm is used to illuminate a liquid petroleum product sample (2) incorporating a suitable material capable of fluorescing in the far red or near infra red region of the spectrum.
  • the laser is recollimated by a glass lens (3) before entering the sample.
  • Some of the fluorescence generated along with some of the reflected and scattered laser light is also recollimated by lens (3) , reflected by an aluminium coated mirror (4) positioned at 45° to the laser output and focused by means of lens (5) onto a silicon photodetector (6).
  • a band pass filter (7) transmitting at the fluorescence wavelength is used to block the 670 nm reflected and scattered light.
  • the photodetector output is amplified using a two-stage single chip amplifier.
  • the output from the laser (11) after reflection by the sample (12) as the mirror (13) is passed through lens (14) and split by the beamsplitter (15) before passing to the photodetectors (16) and (17).
  • a gasoline (BP Eurograde unleaded premium gasoline conforming to BS4040) containing a dye concentration of 100 ppb was prepared from a solution of 100 ppm of the following dye in propan-1,2-diol, hereinafter referred to as IR-125.
  • IR-125 was purchased from Exiton (Laser Dyes) .
  • the solution was subjected to laser excitation at 750 nm to provide a fluorescence maximum of 833 nm.
  • Table 1 provides the data obtained from various gasoline products.
  • Example 2 - IDENTIFICATION OF GASOLINE PRODUCTS
  • This dye was purchased from Exciton (Laser Dyes) .
  • the dye was dissolved in xylene rather than propane-1,2-diol. Again, samples were prepared with various concentrations of the dye. Results from the fluorescence measurements are given in Table 2.
  • Non-laser excited fluorescence spectra (200 - 900 nm) were obtained for a sample of Vanellus C3 multigrade lubricant (ex BP) with and without 40 ppb of IR -125 dye. Both the fluorescence and absorption spectra (fluorescence maxima of 833 nm and absorption maxima of 795 nm) appear identical. Therefore the dye cannot readily be detected without use of laser excited fluorescence spectroscopy. Comparative Example 2 - THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
  • TLC Thin layer chromatography

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé d'identification d'un produit au pétrole liquide à l'aide d'un dispositif comprenant une source laser et un système de détection d'un signal fluorescent. Ce procédé se déroule de la mani ère suivante: (a) dans une première étape on ajoute dans le produit au pétrole liquide une matière capable d'être fluorescente dans la région du rouge lointain ou de l'infrarouge proche du spectre; (b) puis on expose dans une deuxième étape le produit au pétrole liquide obtenu dans la première étape à la source laser à une longueur d'onde située dans la région du rouge lointain ou de l' infrarouge proche du spectre qui est capable d'exciter la matière ajoutée; (c) et on détermine la présence de la matière ajoutée dans le produit au pétrole liquide en détectant le signal de fluorescence.
PCT/GB1993/002408 1992-11-27 1993-11-23 Procede d'identification de produits au petrole liquide Ceased WO1994012874A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU55685/94A AU5568594A (en) 1992-11-27 1993-11-23 Method of identifying liquid petroleum products

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929224936A GB9224936D0 (en) 1992-11-27 1992-11-27 Method of identifying liquid petroleum products
GB9224936.6 1992-11-27
GB939317930A GB9317930D0 (en) 1993-08-26 1993-08-26 Method of identifying liquid petroleum products
GB9317930.7 1993-08-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994012874A1 true WO1994012874A1 (fr) 1994-06-09

Family

ID=26302065

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1993/002408 Ceased WO1994012874A1 (fr) 1992-11-27 1993-11-23 Procede d'identification de produits au petrole liquide

Country Status (4)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1092864A (fr)
AP (1) AP9300594A0 (fr)
AU (1) AU5568594A (fr)
WO (1) WO1994012874A1 (fr)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5710046A (en) * 1994-11-04 1998-01-20 Amoco Corporation Tagging hydrocarbons for subsequent identification
US5723338A (en) * 1994-11-04 1998-03-03 Amoco Corporation Tagging hydrocarbons for subsequent identification
WO1999000666A1 (fr) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-07 Boston Advanced Technologies, Inc. Procede et appareil de marquage et d'identification de liquides
RU2137111C1 (ru) * 1997-12-22 1999-09-10 Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет Способ идентификации марки товарного бензина и устройство для его осуществления
DE19544516C3 (de) * 1995-11-29 2003-12-11 Siemens Ag Steuereinrichtung für ein automatisches Kraftfahrzeuggetriebe
WO2003061918A3 (fr) * 2002-01-25 2004-04-01 Heidel Gmbh & Co Kg Outil de coupe
DE10325537A1 (de) * 2003-06-04 2005-01-05 Fuchs Petrolub Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum automatischen Detektieren von wenigstens einem in einem Betriebsstoff enthaltenen fluoreszierenden und/oder lichtabsorbierenden Indikator
KR101150106B1 (ko) * 2009-09-29 2012-06-14 미츠비시 쥬고교 가부시키가이샤 엔진 프레임
US9791407B2 (en) 2012-10-23 2017-10-17 Koc Universitesi Method and an apparatus for the detection of a tagging material in fluids
US9810632B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2017-11-07 Kuantag Nanoteknolojiler Gelistirme vs Uretim A.S. Fluorescent substance detection system
US10267740B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2019-04-23 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Tracer and method of identifying tracer in product
CN110907625A (zh) * 2019-12-06 2020-03-24 大连海事大学 基于多维化学指纹量化模型判别海上溢油种类的方法
CN112525840A (zh) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-19 中海沥青股份有限公司 一种石油沥青来源的快速鉴别方法
US11055726B2 (en) 2015-06-18 2021-07-06 Kuantag Nanoteknolojiler Gelistirme Ve Uretim A.S. Integrated fuel tracking method of authentication in a fuel distribution network

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MX9304188A (es) * 1992-07-23 1994-03-31 Basf Ag Uso de compuestos absorbentes y/o fluorescentes enla region infrarroja como marcadores para liquidos.
DE602006008302D1 (de) * 2005-06-20 2009-09-17 Bp Oil Int Entwicklung von einwegdeckeln bzw. verschliessbaren deckeln für spektroskopische sonden
CN102706975B (zh) * 2012-05-22 2013-08-14 山东出入境检验检疫局 一种鉴别原油和燃料油的方法
CN102706976B (zh) * 2012-05-23 2013-08-14 山东出入境检验检疫局 一种鉴别原油和燃料油的贝叶斯方法
CN104034709A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2014-09-10 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 一种荧光分析仪光学系统

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4755469A (en) * 1982-09-27 1988-07-05 Union Oil Company Of California Oil tracing method
US5093147A (en) * 1990-09-12 1992-03-03 Battelle Memorial Institute Providing intelligible markings

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4755469A (en) * 1982-09-27 1988-07-05 Union Oil Company Of California Oil tracing method
US5093147A (en) * 1990-09-12 1992-03-03 Battelle Memorial Institute Providing intelligible markings

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5723338A (en) * 1994-11-04 1998-03-03 Amoco Corporation Tagging hydrocarbons for subsequent identification
US5928954A (en) * 1994-11-04 1999-07-27 Bp Amoco Corporation Tagging hydrocarbons for subsequent identification
US5710046A (en) * 1994-11-04 1998-01-20 Amoco Corporation Tagging hydrocarbons for subsequent identification
DE19544516C3 (de) * 1995-11-29 2003-12-11 Siemens Ag Steuereinrichtung für ein automatisches Kraftfahrzeuggetriebe
US6881381B1 (en) 1997-06-30 2005-04-19 On-Site Analysis, Inc. Apparatus for marking and identifying liquids
WO1999000666A1 (fr) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-07 Boston Advanced Technologies, Inc. Procede et appareil de marquage et d'identification de liquides
US5958780A (en) * 1997-06-30 1999-09-28 Boston Advanced Technologies, Inc. Method for marking and identifying liquids
RU2137111C1 (ru) * 1997-12-22 1999-09-10 Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет Способ идентификации марки товарного бензина и устройство для его осуществления
WO2003061918A3 (fr) * 2002-01-25 2004-04-01 Heidel Gmbh & Co Kg Outil de coupe
DE10325537B4 (de) * 2003-06-04 2006-08-17 Fuchs Petrolub Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum automatischen Detektieren von wenigstens einem in einem flüssigen Betriebsstoff enthaltenen fluoreszierenden und/oder lichtabsorbierenden Indikator während des Einfüllvorgangs des Betriebsstoffs in eine Maschine
DE10325537A1 (de) * 2003-06-04 2005-01-05 Fuchs Petrolub Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum automatischen Detektieren von wenigstens einem in einem Betriebsstoff enthaltenen fluoreszierenden und/oder lichtabsorbierenden Indikator
US7466400B2 (en) 2003-06-04 2008-12-16 Fuchs Petrolub Ag Device and method for automatically detecting at least one fluorescent and/or light absorbing indicator contained in a liquid service fluid during the process of filling the service fluid into a machine
KR101150106B1 (ko) * 2009-09-29 2012-06-14 미츠비시 쥬고교 가부시키가이샤 엔진 프레임
US10267740B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2019-04-23 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Tracer and method of identifying tracer in product
US9791407B2 (en) 2012-10-23 2017-10-17 Koc Universitesi Method and an apparatus for the detection of a tagging material in fluids
US10054565B2 (en) 2012-10-23 2018-08-21 Koc Universitesi Method and an apparatus for the detection of a tagging material in fluids
US10203283B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2019-02-12 Kuantag Nanoteknolojiler Gelistirme Ve Uretim A.S. Fluorescent substance detection system
US9810632B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2017-11-07 Kuantag Nanoteknolojiler Gelistirme vs Uretim A.S. Fluorescent substance detection system
US11055726B2 (en) 2015-06-18 2021-07-06 Kuantag Nanoteknolojiler Gelistirme Ve Uretim A.S. Integrated fuel tracking method of authentication in a fuel distribution network
CN110907625A (zh) * 2019-12-06 2020-03-24 大连海事大学 基于多维化学指纹量化模型判别海上溢油种类的方法
CN110907625B (zh) * 2019-12-06 2022-02-22 大连海事大学 基于多维化学指纹量化模型判别海上溢油种类的方法
CN112525840A (zh) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-19 中海沥青股份有限公司 一种石油沥青来源的快速鉴别方法
CN112525840B (zh) * 2020-11-25 2023-07-25 中海沥青股份有限公司 一种石油沥青来源的快速鉴别方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5568594A (en) 1994-06-22
AP9300594A0 (en) 1994-01-31
CN1092864A (zh) 1994-09-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO1994012874A1 (fr) Procede d'identification de produits au petrole liquide
US5710046A (en) Tagging hydrocarbons for subsequent identification
US5723338A (en) Tagging hydrocarbons for subsequent identification
KR100254571B1 (ko) 적외선 지역에서 흡수되는 화합물 및/또는 형광을 나타내는 화합물을 액체용 표지 물질로서 사용하는 방법
US5843783A (en) Tagging hydrocarbons for subsequent identification
KR100925722B1 (ko) 케미컬 마커
EP2480639B1 (fr) Dipyrrométhènes et azadipyrrométhènes utilisés en tant que marqueurs pour produits pétroliers
WO1996010620A1 (fr) Procede de marquage de produits petroliers
JP2003213278A (ja) アントラキノンを用いた炭化水素のマーキング方法
Weinryb et al. Luminescence of the tryptophan and tyrosine residues of papain in solution
Brissette et al. Determination of the dead time of a stopped-flow fluorometer
PL195800B1 (pl) Ftalocyjanina i jej zastosowanie
KR100992947B1 (ko) 액체 탄화수소용 마커로 사용되는 피라지노포르피라진
JPH02243944A (ja) 光学式ガス検知装置
US5019518A (en) Process for the detection of chemical warfare agents
Frank A review of fluorescence spectroscopic methods for oil spill source identification
Kerkhoff et al. Identification of polyaromatic hydrocarbon mixtures by low-temperature constant energy synchronous fluorescence spectrometry
JP3806114B2 (ja) 液体炭化水素をマーキングする方法
Hicks et al. Flash photolysis of human serum albumin: characterization of the indole triplet absorption spectrum and decay at ambient temperature.
EP1629269B1 (fr) Procede de detection de traces d'explosifs au moyen de la photoluminescence
Patsayeva et al. Fluorescent remote diagnostics of oil pollutions: oil in films and oil dispersed in the water body
Parker et al. Spectrofluorimetry of lubricating oils: determination of oil mist in air
US20040102340A1 (en) Method for marking hydrocarbons with anthraquinone imines
Stewart Fiber optic sensors in environmental monitoring
Corfield et al. Assessment of phosphorescence spectroscopy for crude oil identification

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU BG CA CZ HU JP KR KZ LV MW NZ PL RO RU SK UA US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA