WO1994006572A1 - Procede de revetement des faces interieure et exterieure d'un tuyau coupe a la longueur - Google Patents
Procede de revetement des faces interieure et exterieure d'un tuyau coupe a la longueur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994006572A1 WO1994006572A1 PCT/EP1993/002491 EP9302491W WO9406572A1 WO 1994006572 A1 WO1994006572 A1 WO 1994006572A1 EP 9302491 W EP9302491 W EP 9302491W WO 9406572 A1 WO9406572 A1 WO 9406572A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- coating
- inductor
- nozzle
- coating material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0218—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate
- B05D3/0245—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate with induction heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
- B05B13/06—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
- B05B13/0627—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B14/00—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
- B05B14/30—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material comprising enclosures close to, or in contact with, the object to be sprayed and surrounding or confining the discharged spray or jet but not the object to be sprayed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/168—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed with means for heating or cooling after mixing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
- B05D7/146—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies to metallic pipes or tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/22—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
- B05D7/222—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes of pipes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
- B05C9/08—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation
- B05C9/14—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation the auxiliary operation involving heating or cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for coating a cut tube on its inside and outside with a coating material which is applied to a surface previously cleaned to the necessary extent.
- this method does not achieve a uniformly thick wall, because dust particles of the powder coating that fly around adhere to the hot surface of the pipe, melt and crosslink.
- a uniform layer thickness would be very desirable for many applications.
- the described and known procedure is also quite complex because heating chambers and transport devices must be created for the pipes to be coated, which transport the pipes out of the heating chambers into the coating system.
- a coating is heated twice, which has negative effects for this coating.
- a uniform layer thickness cannot be achieved, because due to the static charge, dusts adhere before the regular coating, which increase the layer thickness.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of inexpensively and precisely coating a cut tube inside and outside.
- This object is achieved in that inside and outside at least one nozzle block in the circumferential direction and in the longitudinal direction is simultaneously moved relative to the surface to be coated, from which the coating material is sprayed in the required amount, with heating of the tube wall of the tube by an induction coil an inductor is carried out.
- the coating which is carried out on the inside and outside at the same time, allows the entire coating to be carried out in a single pass.
- a previous separate heating in a heating chamber is not necessary.
- the tube is thoroughly heated with an induction coil.
- the coating material can thus be applied to a heated pipe.
- the rest of the tube outside the zone of the induction coil remains cold, so that any dusts do not adhere but flow away.
- a uniform layer thickness of a coating material can be applied very quickly.
- All suitable coating materials are applicable.
- the use of powder coating materials is particularly advantageous.
- the heating takes place before the coating material is applied. This makes it possible in particular to dispense with static charging of the tube.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides that the inductor with the induction coil is brought to the outside of the nozzle sticks in the feed direction. In this way, heating is achieved before the coating material is applied. Long transport routes of the heated workpiece with the risk of contamination and cooling down are avoided.
- a coating material with different properties and / or different composition and / or different thickness be applied on the inside and outside.
- a coating material with different properties and / or different composition and / or different thickness be applied on the inside and outside.
- the tube is rotated about its longitudinal axis during the coating.
- the suspension and guidance of the nozzle assemblies can be made easier.
- the interior of the tube is suctioned off during the coating. In this way it can be ensured that there is no unwanted application of coating material. Free-flying dusts are extracted before they can adhere. In this way, a desired coating thickness can be achieved very precisely and can be maintained over the entire length of the tube.
- a supplementary embodiment of the invention provides that the tube is arranged vertically during the coating. This simplifies the construction of the inner nozzle assembly because this inner nozzle assembly can freely oscillate in a vertical arrangement. In addition, any suction is simplified because the lowering of the dust is supported by gravity. In such constructions, in which the pipe rotates during the coating, no special measures have to be taken to guide the pipe. The pipe would bend in a horizontal arrangement, so that a rapid rotation of the pipe would not be possible.
- the object on the device side of the invention is achieved in that the clamping means have rotationally drivable receiving bodies for the pipe and that at least one further nozzle assembly is provided for coating a further surface of the pipe and an inductor with an induction coil for heating the pipe , wherein the nozzle assemblies and the inductor are arranged so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the tube and wherein the receiving bodies have a central opening and a carrier lance for the inner nozzle assembly is arranged to be able to be passed through at least one opening.
- the machine picks up the pipe to be coated and drives it in rotation.
- the nozzle assemblies do not have to be driven in rotation.
- the nozzle assemblies are arranged together with the inductor with the induction coil so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the tube, so that the entire tube surface to be coated is reached.
- the leading induction coil ensures that the tube is only heated up where the coating is carried out immediately afterwards.
- a carrier lance for the inner nozzle assembly can be guided into the tube interior through at least one of the receiving bodies.
- the inductor with the induction coil can be designed as a half-coil. This significantly simplifies the supply and discharge of the pipes to be coated.
- the machine bed is arranged vertically so that the axis of rotation of the tube is vertical.
- the inner nozzle lance is also structurally simpler because the nozzle lance can sag freely like a pendulum and does not require any complex radial support.
- the vertical arrangement ensures that, for. B. free coating dust does not accidentally get caught on the inner surface of the tube, but simply sink down, this sinking can be promoted by suction.
- the central opening of a receiving body is connected to a suction device.
- a machine stand 19 with a lower headstock 21 fixedly arranged thereon is arranged vertically and has a movable headstock 20 at its upper free end.
- the movable headstock 20 can slide during the process on the free surface of the machine stand 19 in the usual manner and can be driven here by a hydraulic cylinder 23 arranged in the machine stand, which is articulated with its piston rod 34 to a tongue 25 of the headstock 20.
- the carriage 22 in turn can also slide on the free surface of the machine stand 19 like the headstock 20.
- the corresponding movement of the carriage 22 can be driven by a motor 26, which is connected to a threaded spindle 27, only indicated, and drives it.
- the threaded spindle 27 can be mounted on both sides in the machine stand 19 and can cooperate with a threaded nut (not specified) in the slide 22.
- the headstocks 20 and 21 each have a workpiece holder 2, 3, these workpiece holders being rotatably mounted in the headstocks 20 and 21 in the case of headstocks.
- At least one workpiece holder 2 can be driven in rotation by a motor 28.
- the motor 28 can be arranged at any point and can be operatively connected to the workpiece holder 2 in any known manner.
- a workpiece 1 designed as a tube, is clamped centrally to an axis of rotation 29.
- the headstock 20 can first be moved by means of the hydraulic cylinder 23 so that the distance between the two workpiece holders 2 and / 06572 _ 7 _
- An inductor 4 with an induction coil is fastened on the carriage 22, the inductor 4 in turn being connected to an inverter 10. Both parts can form a structural unit, with a nozzle assembly 7 with a spray nozzle being able to be arranged on the inductor 4, so that when the inductor 4 is moved over the carriage 22, the nozzle assembly 7 with the spray nozzle is also moved accordingly. Furthermore, with the inductor 4 directly or via intermediate components such. B. on the housing of the inverter 10, a gallows construction with a gallows 15 may be attached. The gallows 15 can carry a lance 18 which extends approximately coaxially to the axis of rotation 29 and can extend through an opening 30 in the workpiece holder 2 into the interior of the tube 1.
- a nozzle assembly 8 with a spray nozzle At the free end of this lance 18 there is in turn a nozzle assembly 8 with a spray nozzle.
- the dimensions are such that the outer spray nozzle and the inner spray nozzle of the nozzle sticks 7 and 8 face each other in the vertical position. Due to the boom construction, the nozzle assembly 8 also moves when the inductor 4 and the carriage 22 move.
- Both spray nozzles of the nozzle sticks 7 and 8 are each comprised by a suction device 6 or 5, each of which is connected to a suctioned collecting container 16 via a connecting hose 14 or 19 '.
- the lower workpiece holder 3 also has a continuous opening 31, to the rear of which a suction device 11 is connected, which is connected via the connecting hose 12 to the suctioned-off collecting container. Coating material that is not caught by the suction device 5 on the spray nozzle of the nozzle assembly 8 is suctioned off via the suction device 11.
- the spray nozzles of the nozzle assemblies 7 and 8 are connected to the pressure container 17, which contains the coating material, via connecting hoses 13 and 9.
- the spray nozzles of the nozzle assemblies 7 and 8 with their suction devices 6 and 5 can be moved radially on their holders, each of which is not specified, this can be done manually but also mechanically. Depending on the machine dimensions, this is necessary in order to move the nozzle blocks 7 and 8 radially so far at the start of work that they are not obstructed by the workpiece holder 2 in the starting position.
- the coating work is to begin at the end of the workpiece holder 2.
- the inductor 4 is moved via a corresponding movement of the slide 22 up to the end of the tube 1, which is opposite the workpiece holder 2.
- the corresponding area of the tube 1 is sufficiently heated via the inductor 4, whereupon the inductor 4 is slowly moved downwards.
- the spray nozzles of the nozzle sticks 7 and 8 come into the region of the end face of the tube 1 just mentioned and can apply the coating material at a corresponding distance from the inner and the outer surface of the tube, at the same time the tube 1 via the motor 28 in Rotation is offset. Since in the area of the spray nozzles 7 and 8 the tube 1 has been thoroughly and thoroughly heated in its wall thickness, the coating material adheres to the wall in the desired manner.
- the tube can be removed after a very short cooling time and the machine can be moved to the starting position for the insertion of a new tube. This is particularly facilitated if the inductor 4 only half encompasses the workpiece. A new workpiece can then be inserted transversely to the machine axis and the old one can be removed in the same direction, so that an axial insertion of the workpiece is not necessary.
- the coating thickness itself can obviously be influenced by the speed of the feed movement of the spray nozzles but also by their spraying performance. Different coating materials can also be applied inside and outside. Different spraying thicknesses can also be used to achieve different layer thicknesses inside and outside.
- the machine stand itself can be designed in any manner that is suitable for receiving the workpiece receptacles 2 and 3 and supported in a rotationally drivable manner and that is further suitable for displaceably guiding at least the workpiece receptacle 2 and the inductor 4.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Un procédé permet de revêtir les faces intérieure et extérieure d'un tuyau coupé à la longueur avec un matériau de revêtement appliqué sur une surface nettoyée au préalable sur la circonférence requise. Au moins un ensemble buse à l'intérieur et un ensemble buse à l'extérieur se déplacent en même temps dans la direction de la circonférence et de la longueur de la surface à revêtir et projettent la quantité requise de matériau de revêtement, la paroi du tuyau étant chauffée en même temps par la bobine d'induction d'un inducteur.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU48169/93A AU4816993A (en) | 1992-09-16 | 1993-09-15 | Process for coating the inner and outer faces of a pipe cut to length |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4230934.4 | 1992-09-16 | ||
| DE4230934A DE4230934A1 (de) | 1992-09-16 | 1992-09-16 | Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines abgelängten Rohres auf seiner Innenseite und seiner Außenseite |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994006572A1 true WO1994006572A1 (fr) | 1994-03-31 |
Family
ID=6468061
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1993/002491 Ceased WO1994006572A1 (fr) | 1992-09-16 | 1993-09-15 | Procede de revetement des faces interieure et exterieure d'un tuyau coupe a la longueur |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU4816993A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE4230934A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1994006572A1 (fr) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2350403C1 (ru) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-03-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кубанский государственный технологический университет" (ГОУВПО "КубГТУ") | Устройство для детонационного напыления внутренних поверхностей деталей |
| CN102941180A (zh) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-02-27 | 成都易态科技有限公司 | 外滤滤管卧式旋转浸膜装置及系统 |
| CN109718976A (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-05-07 | 沧州天瑞星光热技术有限公司 | 一种增透膜喷涂镀膜装置以及方法 |
| CN111299004A (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-19 | 洛阳龙跃机械制造有限公司 | 一种用于中型客车电机铸件的喷涂装置 |
| CN111468353A (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-31 | 宁波市盛丰钢塑管制造厂 | 一种管材内吸外喷涂生产流水线及制造方法 |
| CN114433431A (zh) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-05-06 | 武汉材料保护研究所有限公司 | 一种基于摩擦驱动的管道内壁涂装装置 |
| CN117067289A (zh) * | 2023-10-11 | 2023-11-17 | 甘肃先锋管道制造有限公司 | 一种塑料管切割装置及其使用方法 |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2866691B1 (fr) * | 2004-02-19 | 2009-04-03 | Claude Alix Georges Pomero | Canalisation d'eau potable composee d'une enveloppe exterieure en plomb et d'un revetement interieur en paraffine |
| DE102004038717A1 (de) * | 2004-08-10 | 2006-02-23 | Joint Solar Silicon Gmbh & Co. Kg | Herstellungsverfahren für Reaktor zur Zersetzung von Gasen |
| DE102006007531B4 (de) * | 2006-02-16 | 2008-06-12 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Instrumententräger und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| CN103623978B (zh) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-02-10 | 天津翔盛粉末涂料有限公司 | 一种钢管防腐热滚涂专用生产系统及利用该专用生产系统的专用滚涂方法 |
| CN110124957B (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2023-07-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 一种管道内壁高频感应熔覆的装置及方法 |
| CN111842038B (zh) * | 2020-07-17 | 2021-06-04 | 湖北三江航天险峰电子信息有限公司 | 一种特殊管道内侧导轨自动涂油装置 |
| CN112090613B (zh) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-07-20 | 江西吉事达厨房用品有限公司 | 一种铝合金锅工件喷涂装置 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL8204427A (nl) * | 1982-11-15 | 1984-06-01 | Troost Houdstermaatschappij B | Werkwijze voor het bekleden van de wand van een pijp. |
| WO1990007984A2 (fr) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-07-26 | Grayston Central Services Limited | Appareil de traitement pour tuyaux |
| GB2244942A (en) * | 1990-05-29 | 1991-12-18 | Commercial Resins Co | Girth weld heating and coating system. |
| WO1993024242A1 (fr) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-09 | Ema Elektro Maschinen Schultze | Procede et dispositif de revetement par poudre |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2059548C3 (de) * | 1970-10-24 | 1979-07-05 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zum Beschichten der Innenfläche von Metallrohren mit Kunststoffen |
| NL7906331A (nl) * | 1979-02-20 | 1980-08-22 | Socomo & Socotub Reunies | Werkwijze voor het in- en uitwendig bekleden van buizen en daarbij toegepaste inrichting. |
-
1992
- 1992-09-16 DE DE4230934A patent/DE4230934A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-09-15 AU AU48169/93A patent/AU4816993A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-09-15 WO PCT/EP1993/002491 patent/WO1994006572A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL8204427A (nl) * | 1982-11-15 | 1984-06-01 | Troost Houdstermaatschappij B | Werkwijze voor het bekleden van de wand van een pijp. |
| WO1990007984A2 (fr) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-07-26 | Grayston Central Services Limited | Appareil de traitement pour tuyaux |
| GB2244942A (en) * | 1990-05-29 | 1991-12-18 | Commercial Resins Co | Girth weld heating and coating system. |
| WO1993024242A1 (fr) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-09 | Ema Elektro Maschinen Schultze | Procede et dispositif de revetement par poudre |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2350403C1 (ru) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-03-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кубанский государственный технологический университет" (ГОУВПО "КубГТУ") | Устройство для детонационного напыления внутренних поверхностей деталей |
| CN102941180A (zh) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-02-27 | 成都易态科技有限公司 | 外滤滤管卧式旋转浸膜装置及系统 |
| CN102941180B (zh) * | 2012-11-30 | 2015-10-07 | 成都易态科技有限公司 | 外滤滤管卧式旋转浸膜装置及系统 |
| CN109718976A (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-05-07 | 沧州天瑞星光热技术有限公司 | 一种增透膜喷涂镀膜装置以及方法 |
| CN111299004A (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-19 | 洛阳龙跃机械制造有限公司 | 一种用于中型客车电机铸件的喷涂装置 |
| CN111299004B (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-07-06 | 洛阳龙跃机械制造有限公司 | 一种用于中型客车电机铸件的喷涂装置 |
| CN111468353A (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-31 | 宁波市盛丰钢塑管制造厂 | 一种管材内吸外喷涂生产流水线及制造方法 |
| CN114433431A (zh) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-05-06 | 武汉材料保护研究所有限公司 | 一种基于摩擦驱动的管道内壁涂装装置 |
| CN117067289A (zh) * | 2023-10-11 | 2023-11-17 | 甘肃先锋管道制造有限公司 | 一种塑料管切割装置及其使用方法 |
| CN117067289B (zh) * | 2023-10-11 | 2023-12-22 | 甘肃先锋管道制造有限公司 | 一种塑料管切割装置及其使用方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4816993A (en) | 1994-04-12 |
| DE4230934A1 (de) | 1994-03-17 |
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