WO1993014508A1 - Transformer mounted on vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

A transformer mounted on a vehicle, which has a small size and a light weight, and in which necessary reactive voltages and a stable characteristic of loose coupling among its output-side windings can be obtained. The transformer (4) is provided with a shell-type iron core (5), input and output side windings (6, 7) which are wound around the iron core (5) and are placed in a relation of magnetic induction, magnetic body assemblies (17) with air gaps provided between the input and output windings and a second magnetic body assembly (18) disposed between the output windings (7) to couple them to each other loosely in magnetism. The second magnetic body assembly (18) is disposed in a space (5d) surrounded by the iron core (5) and is composed of a magnetic body (15) without any air gap and of an insulating plate (16) supporting the magnetic body (15) and insulating it from the iron core and the windings.

Description

 Ming Transformers for vehicles Industrial applications

 The present invention relates to a transformer mounted on a vehicle, and is used particularly in a vehicle driving electric system, Itoda, which performs power and regenerative control by a power converter such as a pulse width modulation control converter. It relates to transformers for vehicles. Conventional technology

Fig. 9 shows an example of a conventional shell-type vehicle mounted transformer 4 described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 11-313311 and 2-184007. FIG. The on-vehicle transformer 4 is arranged in a magnetic induction relationship with a core 5 of a shell type, an input winding 6 wound on the core 5, and the core 5 and the input winding 6. A plurality of output side windings 7 and are provided. The on-vehicle transformer 4 is further provided between the input-side winding 6 and the output-side winding 7, and includes a plurality of magnetic elements 1 arranged via a gap in a space surrounded by the iron core 5. 3 and these magnetic elements 13 are connected to each other and to the iron core 5 and the winding 6 And a magnetic body assembly 17 having an insulator 14 that insulates and supports .7. Since the magnetic element 13 is insulated and supported by a gap formed by the insulator 14, the magnetic element 13 as a whole constitutes a magnetic body with a gap.

 FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram partially showing a vehicle driving electric system using the vehicle-mounted transformer 4 of FIG. 9 in a block diagram. In FIG. 10, the electric power is obtained from the trolley line 1 by the phantom graph 2, and the input side winding wound around the core 5 of the transformer 4 mounted on the vehicle via the circuit breaker 3. Supplied to line 6. The four output windings 7 of the on-vehicle transformer 4 are associated with the magnetic body 13 and are each directly connected to the input of a pulse width modulation (PWM) converter 9. The output of the PWM converter 9 is connected via a capacitor 10 to the input of the VVVF inverter 11. The output of the VVVF inverter 11 is connected to a three-phase induction motor 12 that drives the wheels of an electric car.

The leakage magnetic flux generated during the load operation of the on-vehicle transformer 4 increases due to the provision of the magnetic body assembly 17 which is a magnetic body having a gap, and as a result, the leakage impedance increases. Problems to be solved by the invention

 The conventional on-vehicle transformer having such a configuration is capable of obtaining a necessary reactive voltage while having a lightweight and compact configuration. It is excellent. However, when used as an on-vehicle transformer, the output side winding 7 is divided into two windings due to load control and other factors. Despite the fact that loose coupling is required, it has conventionally been difficult to realize a winding arrangement that satisfies this requirement for loose coupling between output windings.

 In other words, in the power conversion method of the PWM converter control used in the vehicle driving electric system, generally, the multi-phase PWM converter control, that is, the control in which the output windings of the transformer are controlled in different phases, respectively. The circuit system to which the member unit is connected is adopted. For example, in a four-phase PWM converter control system, the output winding of the transformer is divided into four parts, each of which is connected to a converter tunable, and each of which has a different phase. Gate control is performed.

In this case, if the magnetic coupling between the output windings is strong, the operation of one converter unit may cause another converter unit to be magnetically interfered and the input current of the converter to be reduced. Waveform is distorted and noise flows out to the overhead line due to an increase in harmonic current components The increase in the current ripple peak and the increase in the peak of the current ripple exceed the current interrupting capability of the GTO element, and cause inconveniences such as damage to the GTO element.

 For this reason, the magnetic coupling between the output windings of the transformer used for the PWM converter control is poor, that is, the transformer is subject to the load condition of a certain output winding. Loosely coupled characteristics are required so that other output windings do not receive magnetic interference. .

 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle-mounted transformer capable of stably obtaining the magnetically loosely coupled characteristics between the output-side windings. Means for solving the problem

 In view of the above-mentioned problems, a vehicle-mounted transformer according to the present invention includes a core having an outer core shape, an input-side winding wound on the iron core, and a magnetic induction relationship with the input-side winding wound on the iron core. A plurality of output-side windings arranged in a space, and a magnetic material with no air gap provided in a space surrounded by an iron core, which is provided between adjacent output-side windings among the output-side windings And a loosely coupled magnetic body assembly having the following.

If desired, it may be provided between the input winding and the output winding. It is also possible to provide a reactor magnet assembly with a void.

 According to the present invention, the required stable mutual coupling between the output-side windings can be obtained by the gapless magnetic material inserted between the output-side windings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

 The present invention will be more clearly understood from the following description of embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

 FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view showing a vehicle-mounted transformer according to one embodiment of the present invention,

 FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the vehicle-mounted transformer along the line I I-I I of FIG. 1,

 FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a reactor magnetic body assembly of the transformer mounted on a vehicle in FIG. 1,

 Fig. 4 is a front cross-sectional view of the on-vehicle transformer along the line I I I-I I I in Fig. 1,

 FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a three-dimensionally loosely coupled magnetic body assembly of the transformer mounted on a vehicle in FIG. 1,

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle driving electric system using the on-vehicle transformer shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, FIG. 7 is a vector diagram showing the phase relationship of the vehicle mounted transformer of the present invention.

 FIG. 8 is a schematic side sectional view showing a vehicle mounted transformer according to another embodiment of the present invention.

 Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional side view showing a conventional on-vehicle transformer.

 FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle driving electric system using the conventional vehicle transformer shown in FIG. Example

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a shell-type vehicle-mounted transformer of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the overall configuration of the iron core 5 and windings 6 and 7 of the vehicle mounted transformer 4A of the present invention is the same as the conventional vehicle mounted transformer 4 shown in FIG. . That is, the iron core 5 is composed of the main iron core 5 a having a width of 2 W, the iron core leg 5 having a width W arranged parallel to both sides of the main iron core 5 a, and the main iron core 5 a and the iron core leg 5 b. And a yoke 5 c having a width W. The input core windings 6a and 6b are wound around the main core 5a in a space 5d surrounded by the core 5, and the input windings 6a and 6b are in the axial direction of the winding. And are connected in parallel. Main iron core 5'a also has four output windings 7a to 7d wound inside a space 5d surrounded by the iron core 5, and the output windings 7a and 7b are The output windings 7 c and 7 d are arranged on both sides of the input winding 6 b so as to sandwich it in the axial direction. Are located.

 The vehicle transformer 4A includes a reactor magnet assembly 17 provided in an axial space between the input side windings 6a and 6b and the output side windings 7a to 7d. Have. Further, a loosely coupled magnetic body assembly 18 provided in an axial space between the adjacent output side windings 7b and 7c is provided.

As shown in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3, the reactor magnetic body assembly 17 has a substantially rectangular hole 1 に for receiving the main iron core 5 a of the iron core 5. and a substantially rectangular insulator 14 having appropriate rigidity and a magnetic material 13 with a gap in a space 5 d embedded in the insulator 14 and surrounded by the iron core 5. It comprises a plurality of magnetic elements 13 b arranged in parallel via a gap 13 a so as to constitute. Each magnetic element 13b is a laminate in which elongated rectangular magnetic plates are stacked in the same direction as the direction in which rectangular plate-shaped coils are stacked (arrow A in Fig. 1). conductor Are arranged in parallel with the extending direction (arrow B in FIG. 2). In the illustrated embodiment, there are four magnetic elements 13b on each side of the main iron core 5a, and there are three voids. As shown in FIG. 3, the insulator 14 is composed of two insulating plates 14b and 1b, which sandwich the magnetic element 13b and fix and support it with insulating pins 14a. 4 Insulators 14 d that fill the spaces at both ends of the space between the insulating plates 14 b and 14 c that are not occupied by the magnetic elements 13 b, and the magnetic elements An insulator 14 e that is inserted between 13 b and forms an air gap 13 a is provided, and the magnetic elements 13 b arranged as a whole through the air gap are connected to each other and the iron core 5. Insulation support for windings 6 and 7.

The loosely coupled magnetic body assembly 18 has a substantially rectangular hole 18a for receiving the main iron core 5a of the iron core 5 in the center, as shown in detail in FIGS. A substantially rectangular insulator having appropriate rigidity and a void-free magnetic material embedded in the insulator 16 and placed in a space 5 d surrounded by the iron core 5 1 and 5. The magnetic material without voids 15 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction of extension of the coil conductor (arrow B), and is separated from each other in the direction of extension of the coil conductor by insulators 16e (see the figure). 4 in case of example) Magnetic element 15b. Each magnetic element 15b is also separated from the magnetic element by an insulator 16e such as a glass epoxy similarly to the magnetic element 13b of the reactor magnetic assembly 17 as well. However, this is to minimize the eddy current loss generated in the magnetic body 15 due to the leakage magnetic flux that penetrates perpendicularly to the surface of the magnetic body 15, and the direction of the separation However, magnetically, it is considered to be a magnetic material without voids. Each magnetic element 15b is a laminate in which rectangular magnetic plates are stacked in the same direction as the direction in which rectangular plate-shaped coils are stacked (arrow A).

As shown in FIG. 5, the insulator 16 is made up of two insulating plates 16 b and 2 b that sandwich the magnetic element 15 b and fix and support it with insulating pins 16 a. 16c and insulators 16d that fill the spaces at both ends that are not occupied by the magnetic element 15b in the space between the insulating plates 16b and 16c. And an insulator 16 e inserted between the magnetic elements 15 b, and insulates and supports the magnetic substance 15 as a whole with respect to the iron core 5 and the windings 6 and 7. The insulating pins 16a are inserted into holes formed in the magnetic element 15b and the insulating plates 16b and 16c. The loosely-coupled magnetic body assembly 18 assembled in this manner is integrated by varnish impregnation. The outer shape of the insulator 16 of the loosely coupled magnetic body assembly 18 is the same as that of the insulator 14 of the reactor magnetic body assembly 17, and the loosely coupled and reactor magnetic body Assemblies 17 and 18 are stacked between the windings 6 and 7 to form a coil group, which is supported by the iron core 5. Therefore, when the coil group is manufactured, it can be handled and stacked in the same way as the coil, and in the assembly process of the main core and the assembly process of the coil group, the same transformer as used in the past is used. Easy assembly using the container assembly method.

As shown in FIG. 1, the reactor magnetic body assembly 17 configured as described above is provided between the output side winding 7a and the input side winding 6a, and the input side winding 6a. It is supported between the output winding 7b, between the output winding 7c and the input winding 6b, and between the input winding 6b and the output winding 7d. ing. Since the magnetic element 13b of each assembly 17 is embedded and supported in the rigid insulating plate 14, it is insulated from the charged part and at the same time, the iron core 5 and the windings 6 and And 7 mechanically support the iron core 5 at a predetermined position. The loosely coupled magnetic body assembly 18 is supported by being sandwiched between the output side winding 7b and the adjacent output side winding 7c. The magnetic body 15 of the loosely coupled magnetic body assembly 18 is also electrically insulated by the rigid insulator 16, and at the same time, at a predetermined position in the iron core 5 by the core 5 and the windings 6 and 7. Mechanically supported by

 Other configurations may be the same as the configuration of the conventional on-vehicle transformer shown in FIG.

 FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram partially showing a vehicle driving electric system using the on-vehicle transformer of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 in a block diagram. In Fig. 4, the electric power is obtained from the trolley line 1 by the phantom graph 2, and is input through the circuit breaker 3 to the core 5 of the transformer 4A mounted on the vehicle. Supplied to side winding 6. The four output windings 7a to 7d of the on-vehicle transformer 4A are associated with the first and second magnetic assemblies 17 and 18 and also have direct pulse width modulation respectively. (PWM) Connected to the input of converter 9. The output of the PWM connector 9 is connected to the input of the VVVF inverter 11 via the capacitor 10. The output of the V V V F inverter 11 is connected to a three-phase induction motor 12 that drives the wheels of an electric car.

In the vehicle driving electric system shown in FIG. 4 using the vehicle-mounted transformer 4A of the present invention, the trolley line 1 to the pan The voltage received via the tag 2 and the circuit breaker 3 is input to the input winding 6 of the on-vehicle transformer 4 A, transformed and output, and the output winding 7 of the on-vehicle transformer 4 A is turned on. Is output to The output of the output side winding 7 is supplied to a PWM converter 9 through an AC reactor 8, where the single-phase AC is converted to DC. This DC is smoothed by a capacitor 10 and then fed to a VVVF inverter 11 where the DC is converted to a three-phase AC. The three-phase alternating current drives the three-phase induction motor 12 to drive the wheels (not shown) of the vehicle.

Here, the leakage magnetic flux generated during the load operation of the on-vehicle transformer 4 A is increased by the reactor magnetic body assembly 17 which is a magnetic body having an air gap, and as a result, the leakage impedance is increased. Dance increases. By appropriately selecting the number and dimensions of the magnetic elements 13 b and the air gaps 13 a of the reactor magnetic body assembly 17, the required reactive voltage V,. A leakage impedance Z Τ よ_う that can be obtained is obtained.

Therefore, the phase relationship between the input terminal voltage VC of the PWM converter 9 (referred to as the converter voltage) VC and the input voltage V of the on-vehicle transformer 4A converted into the same transformer ratio is shown in FIG. It looks like a vector diagram. That is, the power factor = 1 is obtained by multiplying the leakage impedance of the on-vehicle transformer 4 A by the leakage current _Λ漏 れ 入 力 and the input current I of the PWM connector 9 (Ζ _{Τ Λ} · I). The vector sum of the reactive voltage V and the converter voltage Vc generated at the time of running is the input voltage V of the vehicle-mounted transformer 4 4.

 In addition, the loosely coupled magnetic body assembly 18 which is an iron core and has no air gap disposed between the output side windings 7 b and 7 c, so that these output side windings 7 b and 7 c Since c is magnetically shielded, loose coupling suitable for pulse width modulation control can be realized.

 Fig. 8 shows a transformer 4C for mounting on a vehicle according to still another embodiment of the present invention having six output side windings 37a to 37f and two loosely coupled magnetic body assemblies 18 provided. Is shown. As described above, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the output side winding is divided into four, but in the present invention, the output side winding is divided into four or more. It can be applied to the case in the same way and has the same excellent effect. The invention's effect

As described above, according to the present invention, the magnetic material inserted between the adjacent output-side windings and supported by the insulator is provided. By providing a loosely-coupled magnetic body assembly, the magnetically-coupling characteristics between the output windings required for controlling the pulse width modulation converter can be stably obtained electrically and mechanically. Can be

 Further, there is also provided a reactor magnetic body assembly having a plurality of magnetic elements arranged between the input side winding and the output side winding and arranged with a gap in a space surrounded by the iron core. By providing this, it is possible to simultaneously obtain the reactive voltage necessary for controlling the pulse width modulation converter.

 Each of the loosely-coupled magnetic body assembly and the reactive magnetic body assembly has a substantially rectangular center hole for receiving an iron core, and is made of a plate-like insulator that embeds the magnetic body and supports it insulated. Supported. Therefore, these magnetic assemblies can be stacked together with the coil to form a coil group in the same manner as in the conventional assembly work, and the transformer assembling work can be performed without changing the equipment. You can do the same.

Claims

The scope of the claims 1. An outer iron core, an input-side winding wound on the iron core, and a plurality of output-side windings arranged in a magnetic induction relationship with respect to the iron core and the input-side winding. A transformer mounted on a vehicle, which has a magnetic material without a void provided between adjacent output-side windings of the above-mentioned output-side winding and arranged in a space surrounded by the iron core. And a loosely-coupled magnetic body assembly for magnetically loosely coupling the adjacent output-side windings to a vehicle-mounted transformer.  2. The loosely coupled magnetic body assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the loosely-coupled magnetic body assembly includes an insulator that insulates and supports the magnetic body without the air gap from the iron core and the winding. Transformer for on-vehicle use. 3. The insulator of the coupling base magnetic body assembly is a substantially rectangular plate having a substantially rectangular center hole for receiving an iron core, and the magnetic material without voids is Do not include a plurality of magnetic elements that are embedded in the insulator and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the coil conductor, and are separated from each other in the extension direction of the coil conductor by the insulator. The transformer mounted on a vehicle according to claim 2. 4. The transformer for vehicle mounting according to claim 1, wherein each of said magnetic elements is a laminated body formed by stacking rectangular magnetic plates in the same direction as stacking rectangular plate-shaped coils.  5. The insulator is occupied by two insulating plates that sandwich the magnetic element in between and fixedly supported by insulating pins, and the magnetic element in the space between the insulating plates. Claims 2 and 3 comprising an insulator that fills the space at both ends that are not provided, and an insulator inserted between the magnetic elements, and the magnetic substance is insulated and supported as a whole with respect to the iron core and the winding. The transformer mounted on a vehicle according to the item.  6. A leak provided between the input side winding and the output side winding and having a magnetic body composed of a plurality of magnetic elements arranged via a gap in a space surrounded by the iron core. 3. The transformer for mounting on a vehicle according to claim 1, comprising a torsion magnetic body assembly. 7. The vehicle body according to claim 6, wherein the reactor magnetic body assembly includes an insulator for insulatingly supporting the magnetic body with respect to the iron core and the winding. On-board transformer. 8. The insulator of the reactor magnetic body assembly is a substantially rectangular plate having a substantially rectangular center hole for receiving an iron core, wherein the magnetic element is Patents embedded in the insulator and arranged in a direction parallel to the extension direction of the coil conductor, and separated from each other by the insulator in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the coil conductor. The transformer for mounting on a vehicle according to claim 7.  9. The transformer according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic element is a laminate formed by stacking rectangular magnetic plates in the shape of a rectangular plate;  10. The insulator includes an insulating plate for holding the magnetic element therebetween, an insulating pin for fixing the magnetic element and the insulating plate to each other, An insulator that fills a space that is not occupied by the magnetic element in the space, and an insulator inserted between the magnetic elements, and the magnetic substance as a whole is provided. The vehicle-mounted transformer according to claim 7, which is insulated from the iron core and the winding. ¾. 11. The outer shape of the loosely-coupled magnetic body assembly is substantially the same as the outer shape of the above-described magnetic magnetic body assembly. Tolu magnetic body assembly The vehicle-mounted transformer according to claim 6, wherein the body is stacked between the windings to form a coil group to be supported by the iron core.  1 2. An input winding to be wound around the outer core, a plurality of output windings stacked in a magnetic induction relationship with the input winding, and one of the output windings A gapless magnetic element provided between adjacent output side windings and an insulator for insulating and supporting the above gapless magnetic body, and loose coupling for magnetically loosely coupling the adjacent output side windings A magnetic body assembly, a plurality of magnetic elements provided between the input side winding and the output side winding, and an insulator which insulates and supports the magnetic elements from each other with respect to the winding; A coil group comprising a reactor magnetic body assembly.