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WO1993011300A1 - Procede de reduction de la permeabilite du papier et du carton et substance destinee a ce procede - Google Patents

Procede de reduction de la permeabilite du papier et du carton et substance destinee a ce procede Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993011300A1
WO1993011300A1 PCT/FI1992/000305 FI9200305W WO9311300A1 WO 1993011300 A1 WO1993011300 A1 WO 1993011300A1 FI 9200305 W FI9200305 W FI 9200305W WO 9311300 A1 WO9311300 A1 WO 9311300A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
starch
substance
ized
character
dispersion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1992/000305
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Antti Hamunen
Kari Nurmi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raisio Oyj
Original Assignee
Raision Tehtaat Oy AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raision Tehtaat Oy AB filed Critical Raision Tehtaat Oy AB
Priority to NL9220027A priority Critical patent/NL194977C/nl
Priority to DE4294110T priority patent/DE4294110T1/de
Priority to GB9408432A priority patent/GB2287420B/en
Publication of WO1993011300A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993011300A1/fr
Priority to SE9401765A priority patent/SE505439C2/sv
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/06—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard specially treated, e.g. surfaced, parchmentised
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
    • D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
    • D21H27/32—Multi-ply with materials applied between the sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/12—Coating on the layer surface on paper layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/028—Paper layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
    • B32B2317/20—Starch

Definitions

  • the object of this invention is a method for reducing the permeability of paper and board in which state the treat ⁇ ed product possesses sufficiently good barrier prop ⁇ erties against gases and vapours such as water vapour as required in the packaging industry, for example.
  • paper or board treated in ac- cordance with this method is readily disposable as waste by, for example, composting or recycling the product back as raw material for the fibre-consuming industry (i.e. the product can be re-pulped; i.e. disintegrated into fi ⁇ brous material without causing problems when used again in papermaking) .
  • the invention also involves the substance by means of which the aforementioned properties are achieved.
  • packaging waste has to be either recycled to provide feature ' ' raw material or it has to be disposed of by composting, i- ⁇ r example. If the latter option is resorted to, then the material as a whole must be biode ⁇ gradable without releasing any environmentally hazardous chemicals.
  • the purpose of this invention is to eliminate the above shortcomings and to make available a paper product which, while offering adequate barrier properties, " can be re ⁇ cycled as raw material for the paper industry or disposed of by composting or left to decompose in landfills, for instance.
  • the method in accordance with the invention is based on spreading onto the surface of paper or board a dispersion product containing a component that includes modified starch.
  • the said dispersion product can also be spread between the layers making up paper or board in which case the polymer layer formed when the dispersion dries pro ⁇ vides the required barrier protection. When spread be ⁇ tween the layers, the dispersion also forms an adequate adhesion between the layers and thus no actual gluing treatment is needed.
  • the present invention's point of departure has been to avoid the aforementioned shortcomings by preparing the dispersion so that it contains components that promote the disintegration of the synthetic product in nature and during the various stages of recycling processes. This has been executed either (A) by joining natural polymer chains (especially starch) to the latex polymer at the manufacturing stage or (B) by replacing a significant part of the latex polymer with a combination polymer - starch graft copolymer - consisting of starch and a syn ⁇ thetic substance. It has been observed that paper prod ⁇ ucts treated with thus manufactured dispersions are more readily made into pulp than papers treated with latexes made according to conventional recipes.
  • the dispersion residuals formed in conjunction with pulping to be considerably less likely to form disturbance resid ⁇ uals that cause serious problems in the recycling of pa ⁇ per products treated with synthetic adhesives.
  • the amount of synthetic monomers can be low - even nil.
  • the properties of a dispersion manufac ⁇ tured in this manner are impaired in that the coater sub ⁇ stance's adhesion is low but still such a dispersion may find use in less demanding situations.
  • the resultant paper products degrade relatively quickly in nature.
  • the degra- dability of products treated with dispersions manufac ⁇ tured in accordance with this invention is also better because the starch components contained by the dispersi- on and polymer structure offer a natural substrate for - naturally occurring decomposing hydrolytic enzymes.
  • a polymer dispersion offering better recycling and degra ⁇ ding properties, and manufactured in the manner descri ⁇ bed in the above, has reasonable barrier properties to offer as such.
  • the vapour barrier pro ⁇ perties can be further modified by means of additives such as a wax dispersion.
  • the reaction medium used in the manufacturing of latex by means of the emulsion polymerization method is a water solution containing con ⁇ ventional additives such as initiators acting as cata- lysts (persulphates, peroxides) and surface-active sub- . stances and starch dissolved into the water phase by heating.
  • the initiators cause radicals to form onto the starch structure and these rad ⁇ icals then act as the initial centres of the polymeri ⁇ zation reaction.
  • starch graft copolymer material in which the polymer chains formed of the synthetic monomers used are covalently attached to the starch structure.
  • the initial starch used in the following examples is either a commercial, hydrogen peroxide oxidized potato starch Raisamyl 302P with a viscosity of 20-30 Pas when 2d as a 10% solution at a temperature of 60 °C or na ⁇ ve potato starch that has been split up enzymatically by alpha-amylase possessing temperature stability with respect to Bacillus licheniformis in the manner described, in the example.
  • Example 1 :
  • Example 3 49.4 g of oxidize- tarch were added to 370 g of water and boiled for 20 mi-iutes in order to dissolve the grains of starch.
  • the reaction mixture was provided with an inert atmosphere by means of a flow of nitrogen.
  • 0.1 g of CuS0 4 was added followed by the addition during a period of 1.5 hours of a monomer mixture com ⁇ posed of 75 g of acrylic acid and 53 g of acrylic nitri ⁇ te in drops. This was accompanied by the concurrent ad- dition to the reaction mixture of 6 g of 30% hydrogen peroxide given over a period of 2 hours.
  • the reaction was allowed to proceed for 11 hours at a temperature of 70 °C.
  • the product thus obtained was a white dispersion with a dry matter concentration of 26.3%.
  • (Bl) Starch copolymer production 250 g of native potato starch with a moisture content of 16% were mixed into 220 g of water. This was followed by adding 0.05 U/g of starch of alpha-amylase possessing a temperature stabi ⁇ lity with respect to B. licheniformis and with an acti ⁇ vity value of 984 U/ml. While mixing the suspension vi ⁇ gorously, its temperature was raised to 90 °C and kept there for 30 minutes. As a means of stopping enzymatic activity 0.5 ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide was added and the temperature was brought down to 60 °C. A flow of ni ⁇ trogen was led into the reaction mixture, 0.2.
  • Example 5 (B2) Starch graft polymer was produced in the manner described in Example 3 above using butyl acrylate (75 g) as the monomer to be grafted. The amount of starch was 209 g and it was added to 217 g of water. The resultant product was a yellowish dispersion with a room tempera ⁇ ture viscosity of 610 mPas and a solid matter concentra ⁇ tion of 50.5%.
  • This example describes the compositions of the formula ⁇ tions finally spread onto paper surface, containing dis ⁇ persions according to examples 1-4 and control formula- tions and the properties of papers treated with them.
  • LD460 is a styrene butadiene latex, manufactured by Rai- sion Lateksi Oy
  • RN1125 is a vinyl acetate acrylate la ⁇ tex, manufactured by Rasional Oy
  • vahad is a wax disper ⁇ sion containing paraffin with a melting range of c. 50- 70 °C.
  • the dis ⁇ persion was spread onto board (grammage 190 g/m ) .
  • the board was then measured for its water vapour permeability (WWP) in accordance with the ISO 258-1974 method (unit: g/m 2 /24h) .
  • WWP water vapour permeability
  • PM amount of dispersion spread (g/m 2 ) .
  • the value PA in the table depicts the pulpability pro ⁇ perties of treated board.
  • the value is obtained as fol- lows: the treated board was broken down in accordance with the method SCAN-C 18:65.
  • the pulped material was made into laboratory sheets (grammage: c. 100 g/m 2 ) .
  • the sheet quality was assessed using a scale of 0 - 5 in which 0 indicates good pulpability (no accumulations of surface treatment material observed) and 5 indicates poor pulpability (numerous accumulations of surface treatment substance or unevenness due to incomplete breaking down of material)

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la perméabilité d'un substrat en papier et en carton. La perméabilité du substrat est réduite en le recouvrant d'un bain de couche modifié, à base d'une dispersion polymère contenant au moins un constituant d'amidon modifié. Le polymère est préparé de préférence en greffant des monomères sur la structure d'amidon modifiée.
PCT/FI1992/000305 1991-11-25 1992-11-11 Procede de reduction de la permeabilite du papier et du carton et substance destinee a ce procede Ceased WO1993011300A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9220027A NL194977C (nl) 1991-11-25 1992-11-11 Methode voor het reduceren van de permeabiliteit van papier en karton en een grondstof voor deze methode.
DE4294110T DE4294110T1 (de) 1991-11-25 1992-11-11 Verfahren zur Verminderung der Durchlässigkeit von Papier oder Karton sowie ein bei dem Verfahren verwendeter Stoff
GB9408432A GB2287420B (en) 1991-11-25 1992-11-11 Reducing permeability of paper and board
SE9401765A SE505439C2 (sv) 1991-11-25 1994-05-20 Förfarande för minskning av genomsläppligheten hos papper och kartong och ett ämne för användning vid detta förfarande

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI915541 1991-11-25
FI915541A FI90793C (fi) 1991-11-25 1991-11-25 Menetelmä paperin tai kartongin läpäisevyyden vähentämiseksi sekä menetelmässä käytettävä aine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993011300A1 true WO1993011300A1 (fr) 1993-06-10

Family

ID=8533548

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1992/000305 Ceased WO1993011300A1 (fr) 1991-11-25 1992-11-11 Procede de reduction de la permeabilite du papier et du carton et substance destinee a ce procede

Country Status (8)

Country Link
CA (1) CA2124194A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4294110T1 (fr)
FI (1) FI90793C (fr)
FR (1) FR2685018B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2287420B (fr)
NL (1) NL194977C (fr)
SE (1) SE505439C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993011300A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996012851A1 (fr) * 1994-10-21 1996-05-02 Walki Sack B.V. Materiau stratifie pour emballages ou enveloppes, son procede de fabrication et emballage ou enveloppe fabrique(e) a partir de ce materiau
US5583193A (en) * 1994-06-02 1996-12-10 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Polysaccharide graft-polymers and the use in papermaking thereof
EP0784119A1 (fr) * 1996-01-10 1997-07-16 Raisio Chemicals Oy Procédé d'amélioration des propriétés du papier ou carton
US6569539B2 (en) 1996-10-30 2003-05-27 Tetra Level Holdings & Finance S.A. Gas barrier packaging laminate method for production thereof and packaging containers
US6780903B2 (en) 1996-12-31 2004-08-24 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Process for the preparation of polymer dispersions
EP0950074B1 (fr) * 1996-12-31 2005-11-02 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Procede servant a preparer des dispersions de polymeres
US7244505B2 (en) 2000-07-03 2007-07-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Multilayered packaging for greasy products
WO2011141398A1 (fr) 2010-05-12 2011-11-17 Wacker Chemie Ag Additif anti-retrait (lpa) à base de matières premières renouvelables
EP2514777A1 (fr) 2011-04-20 2012-10-24 Basf Se Copolymère à base de macromonomères de polysaccharides
CN110719979A (zh) * 2017-06-15 2020-01-21 凯米拉公司 涂层结构体、片状产品及其用途
ES2929862A1 (es) * 2021-06-02 2022-12-02 Mora Martinez Evaristo Papel hidrófugo compacto con polímero intermedio

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI980086A7 (fi) 1997-05-28 1998-11-29 Enso Oyj Päällystetty kartonki, sen valmistusmenetelmä sekä siitä muodostetut astiat ja pakkaukset
DE10049665B4 (de) * 2000-07-03 2004-04-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Mehrschichtige Verpackung für fettende Güter und Verwendung eines Stärkederivats hierfür

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4109056A (en) * 1975-05-05 1978-08-22 Champion International Corporation Starch/latex cast coatings for paper
US4585501A (en) * 1984-04-30 1986-04-29 Champion International Corporation Method of use of corrugating adhesive composition for adhering normally abherent surfaces
EP0307795A2 (fr) * 1987-09-14 1989-03-22 MD Papier GmbH & Co. KG Dispersion pigmentaire modifiée pour la rendre cationique et couleur d'enduction
EP0319846A2 (fr) * 1987-12-07 1989-06-14 Enso-Gutzeit Oy Procédé de fabrication d'un papier ou carton et un produit fabriqué par ce procédé
EP0404582A1 (fr) * 1989-06-23 1990-12-27 Merck & Co. Inc. Encollage à base de gomme de gellane
JPH04185797A (ja) * 1990-11-08 1992-07-02 Sumitomo Seika Chem Co Ltd 紙用塗工組成物

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4301017A (en) * 1980-04-28 1981-11-17 Standard Brands Incorporated Stable, liquid starch graft copolymer composition
US4690996A (en) * 1985-08-28 1987-09-01 National Starch And Chemical Corporation Inverse emulsions
SE8704754L (sv) * 1987-11-27 1989-05-28 Lacani Ab Foerfarande foer framstaellning av fuktbestaendig well-papp
US5003022A (en) * 1989-02-10 1991-03-26 Penford Products Company Starch graft polymers
DE3922784A1 (de) * 1989-07-11 1991-01-17 Synthomer Chemie Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung waessriger, dextrinhaltiger polymerisatdispersionen
ATE157133T1 (de) * 1992-06-19 1997-09-15 Penford Products Co Bindemittel aus kationischer staerke/vinylacetat zum beschichten von pappe

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4109056A (en) * 1975-05-05 1978-08-22 Champion International Corporation Starch/latex cast coatings for paper
US4585501A (en) * 1984-04-30 1986-04-29 Champion International Corporation Method of use of corrugating adhesive composition for adhering normally abherent surfaces
EP0307795A2 (fr) * 1987-09-14 1989-03-22 MD Papier GmbH & Co. KG Dispersion pigmentaire modifiée pour la rendre cationique et couleur d'enduction
EP0319846A2 (fr) * 1987-12-07 1989-06-14 Enso-Gutzeit Oy Procédé de fabrication d'un papier ou carton et un produit fabriqué par ce procédé
EP0404582A1 (fr) * 1989-06-23 1990-12-27 Merck & Co. Inc. Encollage à base de gomme de gellane
JPH04185797A (ja) * 1990-11-08 1992-07-02 Sumitomo Seika Chem Co Ltd 紙用塗工組成物

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ORBIT SEARCH SERVICE, File WPAT, Accession Number 92-273034/33, SUMITOMO CHEM. CO. LTD., "High Resistant, Waterproof Paper Coating Compsn.-Comprise Pigments, aq. Binders and Water Insol.-Substd. Benzoxazolyl: Thiophene Fluorescent Whitening Agents"; & JP,A,04 185 797, 02-07-92, 9233. *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5583193A (en) * 1994-06-02 1996-12-10 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Polysaccharide graft-polymers and the use in papermaking thereof
WO1996012851A1 (fr) * 1994-10-21 1996-05-02 Walki Sack B.V. Materiau stratifie pour emballages ou enveloppes, son procede de fabrication et emballage ou enveloppe fabrique(e) a partir de ce materiau
NL9401752A (nl) * 1994-10-21 1996-06-03 Walki Sack Bv Gelaagd verpakkings- of afdekmateriaal, werkwijze voor de vervaardiging hiervan en van dit materiaal gevormde verpakking of afdekking.
EP0784119A1 (fr) * 1996-01-10 1997-07-16 Raisio Chemicals Oy Procédé d'amélioration des propriétés du papier ou carton
US6569539B2 (en) 1996-10-30 2003-05-27 Tetra Level Holdings & Finance S.A. Gas barrier packaging laminate method for production thereof and packaging containers
EP0950074B1 (fr) * 1996-12-31 2005-11-02 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Procede servant a preparer des dispersions de polymeres
US6780903B2 (en) 1996-12-31 2004-08-24 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Process for the preparation of polymer dispersions
US7244505B2 (en) 2000-07-03 2007-07-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Multilayered packaging for greasy products
WO2011141398A1 (fr) 2010-05-12 2011-11-17 Wacker Chemie Ag Additif anti-retrait (lpa) à base de matières premières renouvelables
DE102010028952A1 (de) 2010-05-12 2011-11-17 Wacker Chemie Ag Low-Profile-Additive auf Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe
US9074080B2 (en) 2010-05-12 2015-07-07 Wacker Chemie Ag Low-profile additives on the basis of renewable resources
EP2514777A1 (fr) 2011-04-20 2012-10-24 Basf Se Copolymère à base de macromonomères de polysaccharides
CN110719979A (zh) * 2017-06-15 2020-01-21 凯米拉公司 涂层结构体、片状产品及其用途
ES2929862A1 (es) * 2021-06-02 2022-12-02 Mora Martinez Evaristo Papel hidrófugo compacto con polímero intermedio

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI90793C (fi) 1994-03-25
NL9220027A (nl) 1994-12-01
NL194977C (nl) 2003-03-27
GB2287420B (en) 1996-06-05
DE4294110T1 (de) 1995-06-01
CA2124194A1 (fr) 1993-06-10
FR2685018B1 (fr) 1995-12-08
FI915541L (fi) 1993-05-26
SE9401765D0 (sv) 1994-05-20
FI90793B (fi) 1993-12-15
GB9408432D0 (en) 1994-06-22
FI915541A0 (fi) 1991-11-25
SE9401765L (sv) 1994-05-20
GB2287420A (en) 1995-09-20
SE505439C2 (sv) 1997-08-25
FR2685018A1 (fr) 1993-06-18

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