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WO1993005246A1 - Perfectionnements relatifs a la distribution d'eau - Google Patents

Perfectionnements relatifs a la distribution d'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993005246A1
WO1993005246A1 PCT/GB1992/001637 GB9201637W WO9305246A1 WO 1993005246 A1 WO1993005246 A1 WO 1993005246A1 GB 9201637 W GB9201637 W GB 9201637W WO 9305246 A1 WO9305246 A1 WO 9305246A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
pumps
reservoir
signals
control station
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1992/001637
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English (en)
Inventor
Philip Graeme Morgan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WATERTEC ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS Ltd
Original Assignee
WATERTEC ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WATERTEC ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS Ltd filed Critical WATERTEC ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS Ltd
Publication of WO1993005246A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993005246A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the control of water flow and more specifically to a method and apparatus for distributing water.
  • Water distribution systems are a vital part of modern life and now that so many homes and factories are connected to a mains water supply, the challenge of providing a sufficient quantity of water of good quality, at a reasonable cost and meeting legislative requirements is greater than ever.
  • the form of a water distribution system will vary according to the sources of water available, the possible sites for a treatment plant and options available through natural or artificial means to convey water from its source via a treatment plant to a user.
  • water collected in a reservoir may be pumped through pipes and/or passed along a river or canal to a treatment plant from where it may be passed via other storage reservoirs to end users, with pumps again being provided where necessary.
  • the main cost in such a system is the cost of the electrical power required to run the pumps.
  • a method of distributing water via a water distribution system in which there is at least one reservoir to store water and at least one pump or valve to control transfer of water from one part of the system to another, wherein a central control station is provided at a location remote from parts of the system, the central control station receiving a plurality of input signals and being capable of automatically processing the incoming signals together with data stored in a memory at the control station to produce an operational programme for the system and of generating and transmitting a plurality of output signals in accordance with the operational programme, one of the input signals being information relating to the level of water in the reservoir and one of the output signals being a signal for controlling operation of the pump or valve.
  • the invention provides a central control station which is able to control many different parts of the system even though they may be remote from one another.
  • the invention might be seen as likely to be disadvantageous.
  • the number of pumps operating or the period for which they operate in a pumping station associated with the first reservoir may be increased automatically in the event of a deleterious change in quality of the water in the second reservoir.
  • the increase in complexity is not a problem given the power of modern computers and the increased cost of connecting together all the separate parts of the system is far outweighed by the savings in electricity consumption that can be achieved by operating the system more efficiently.
  • water will typically be distributed from its collection point to a multiplicity of end users, which may for example include thousands of domestic homes as well as factories and other businesses, via a water treatment plant.
  • the central control station may control the flow of water right from its collection point to the end user but alternatively it may control the flow of water either from its collection point to a water treatment plant or from a water treatment plant to the end user.
  • the "reservoir” referred to above will usually be a service reservoir (storing treated water) or a reservoir of raw water, but it may be any collection of water that serves the purpose of a reservoir, for example, water in a river or in an underground storage means.
  • one of the input signals received at the control station is a signal indicative of water quality in the system.
  • Various tests for measuring water quality are known and those tests per se do not form part of the invention and will not be described further.
  • There may for example be a monitor at a reservoir or elsewhere in the system monitoring the quality of the water and transmitting a signal indicative of water quality to the central control station.
  • the signal may merely indicate whether the quality is above or below a threshold level or a quantitative measure of the quality may be provided in the signal.
  • the test of water quality may involve testing just one variable or several variables: for example the pH, electrical conductivity and/or chlorine content may be tested.
  • the input signals received at the control station include signals indicative of whether or not each pump is operating and/or whether or not each pump is able to operate. At least some of the pumps may be connected in parallel with one another.
  • the input signals preferably include respective signals from each of the reservoirs providing information relating to the level of water in the respective reservoirs.
  • the input signals preferably include respective signals from each of the valves providing information indicating the state of the valve, normally either open or closed. Even if the central control station sends command signals to the valves to change their states and therefore may be able to determine the valve states according to the command signals given, it is useful to have feedback signals from the valves to guard against malfunctions.
  • the input and output signals may be passed directly to or from the central control station from or to each individual component (for example, a pump or valve) of the system or they may be passed via a relay station.
  • the signals may pass along a common transmission line between the central control station and a relay station and through separate transmission lines from the relay station to the individual components.
  • the signals may be transmitted by various means, for example wireless links using radio waves or microwaves, fibre optics, ordinary telephone lines or dedicated land lines.
  • the central control station also receives other information and stores it as data in the memory. More particularly the central control station preferably receives meteorological data, which may be forecast information, and preferably generates a forecast of the demand for water.
  • the forecast demand may for example cover the following 24 hours and may be provided frequently, for example at least once a week and prefer ⁇ ably every 24 hours or more often.
  • the ability of the control station to take account of forecast variations in demand through a 24 hour period and furthermore to take account of changes in that forecast from one day to another is an especially advantageous feature.
  • the control station may also receive information regarding electricity costs.
  • the cost of electricity for pumps is the main factor in determining the cost of running a typical water distribution system and it is therefore preferable to run the pumps at times when electricity is compara ⁇ tively cheap.
  • electricity costs are varied according to the time of day and/or the day of the week in a regular way and in that case the information regarding electricity costs can be supplied once and then not supplied again until the pattern changes, perhaps months or years later.
  • electricity costs are varied, for example at hourly or even more frequent intervals, and they are decided only a short time in advance; for example, the costs may be set every day for the following 24 hours with separate costs being allocated to each half hour of the 24 hours; in that case it is preferable that the control station receives information regarding electricity costs frequently, preferably every 24 hours.
  • the costs vary eight or more times per 24 hours it is preferable to convert the information regarding electricity costs into a notional tariff in which fewer than eight different costs are allocated per 24 hour period, and to provide the notional tariff as input information into the central control station.
  • the information regarding electricity costs may provide a separate figure for each of the 48 half hour periods of a day and that information may be converted into a national tariff where, say, only four different periods, having respective electricity costs allocated thereto, are provided.
  • the central control station transmits a plurality of output signals.
  • the output signals preferably include respective command signals for switching on and switching off each of the pumps.
  • the output signals preferably include respective command signals for opening and closing each valve. It should be understood that the term "valve" is used in the present specification for any device which is able to be altered from a condition in which it allows fluid flow through it to a condition in which it prevents such flow.
  • the control station in accordance with the first aspect of the invention is capable of operating entirely automatically with the plurality of output signals being transmitted in dependence upon the plurality of input signals and any other input information. It is, however, possible to allow a skilled operator to take part in determination of the output signals given the input signals.
  • the central control station may produce automatically a proposed programme of operation for the system in accordance with the plurality of input signals and any other input information; it may then be possible for an operator to accept or modify the programme before instructing the central control station to transmit the output signals.
  • the control station is able to produce a programme of operation extending into the future for a plurality of hours.
  • the central control station is thus able to function as a simulator.
  • An operator may suggest a certain proposal, for example to switch on one pump instead of another, or to vary the storage capacities of the service reservoirs or the minimum and maximum water levels in the reservoirs, and the central control station can then produce a programme of operation extending into the future for a plurality of hours based on the modified proposal.
  • the central control station preferably provides an indication of the total estimated cost of electricity for the pumps of a programme of operation.
  • the present invention provides a method of simulating a water distribution system including at least one reservoir to store water, a plurality of electrically powered pumps to transfer the water from one part of the system to another and a plurality of valves controlling movement of the water in the system, in which a computer is provided with information regarding the operational characteristics of the pumps, minimum and maximum water levels in the reservoir, storage capacity of the reservoir and costs of electricity for the pumps, and the computer generates a programme for the operation of the pumps and the opening and closing of the valves and provides estimates of the electricity costs of running the pumps according to the programme.
  • the present invention provides a method of distributing water via a water distribution system in which there is at least one reservoir to store water, a plurality of pumps to transfer water from one part of the system to another and a plurality of valves to control flow of water from one part of the system to another, wherein a control means is provided for controlling operation of the system, information relating to the quality of the water in the system and to the level of water in the reservoir being transmitted automatically to the control means, the control means also receiving other information including information regarding the cost of electricity for the pumps and generating in dependence upon the received information a forecast of the demand for water and a programme of operation of the system.
  • the present invention also provides according to the first aspect a water distribution system comprising: at least one reservoir to store water, means for monitoring the level of water in the reservoir and for transmitting a signal containing information regarding the water level, at least one pump to transfer water from one part of the system to another, means for controlling the operation of the pump in accordance with a transmitted signal, a central control station at a location remote from parts of the system, the central control station includ ⁇ ing a memory for storing data regarding operation of the system and being arranged to receive a plurality of input signals and to transmit a plurality of output signals, one of the input signals being from the monitoring and transmitting means and one of the output signals being for the pump controlling means, the central control station being capable of generating the output signals automatically in response to the various input signals and stored data.
  • the system preferably further includes a monitor for monitoring the water quality in the system and for transmitting a signal indicative of water quality to the control station.
  • the signal may indicate whether the quality is above or below a threshold level.
  • the input signals received at the control station may include signals indicative as to whether or not each pump is operating.
  • the input signals received at the control station may include signals indicative as to whether or not each pump is able to operate.
  • There may be a plurality of reservoirs and the input signals may include respective signals from each of the , ⁇ reservoirs providing information relating to the level of water in the respective reservoirs.
  • the central control station is preferably arranged to transmit output signals to both at least one pump and at least one valve.
  • the output signals may include respective command signals for each pump and/or valve.
  • the control station is preferably arranged to operate entirely automatically with the plurality of output signals being transmitted in dependence upon the plurality of input signals and the stored data.
  • the present invention also provides according to the second aspect an apparatus for simulating a water distribution system including at least one reservoir to store water, a plurality of electrically powered pumps to transfer the water from one part of the system to another and a plurality of valves controlling movement of the water in the system, in which a computer is arranged to receive information regarding the operational charac ⁇ teristics of the pumps, minimum and maximum levels in the reservoir storage capacity of the reservoir and costs of electricity for the pumps, and to generate from the information a programme for the operation of the pumps and the opening and closing of the valves and to provide estimates of the electricity costs of running the pumps according to the programme.
  • the present invention also provides according to the third aspect a water distribution system comprising: at least one reservoir to store water, means for monitoring the level of water in the reservoir, means for monitoring the quality of water in the system, means for transmitting signals including information regarding the level of water in the reservoir and the quality of water in the system, a plurality of pumps for transferring water from one part of the system to another, means for controlling the operation of the pumps in accordance with received signals, a plurality of valves to control flow of water from one part of the system to another, means for controlling the operation of the valves in accordance with received signals, and control means arranged to receive signals from the transmitting means and information regarding the cost of electricity for the pumps, to generate a forecast demand for water and to transmit a plurality of output signals to the pump controlling means and the valve controlling means.
  • the central control station comprises a computer programmed by appropriate software.
  • the precise form of , ⁇ the software is not a part of the present invention and will not be described in detail.
  • Section 8.7 pages 79 and 80 of Information Systems and IT for Managers written by Leonard Capper and published in 1991 by Open University (ISBN 0335 174043), an intelligent knowledge-based system is described and a system of that kind is suitable for use in carrying out the present invention where the computer is required to store a great deal of information and to carry out operations which may be regarded as reasoning.
  • Such systems are sometimes referred to as expert systems.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram of a first water distribution system
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram of a second water distribution system.
  • the system shown in Fig. 1 comprises a first reservoir 1A, and an underground supply available at a borehole IB which in the terminology employed in this specification is also hereinafter referred to as a "reservoir", a pumping station 2, a river 3, a third reservoir 4, a second pumping station 5 and a water treatment plant 6.
  • the various parts of the system are connected together by pipes 7 and valves 8 are provided to control the flow of water through the system.
  • raw water is collected in the first and second reservoirs 1A and IB, for example from a river flowing into them, ground water draining off hills and/or water in the ground, and is pumped by one or more of pumps 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D into the river 3.
  • Raw water is taken out of the river at a position downstream of where it enters and is either passed directly to the water treatment plant 6 or pumped by one or more of pumps 5A, 5B and 5C into the reservoir 4 from where it passes to the water treatment plant 6.
  • a further distribution system for example as shown in Fig. 2, to the end users.
  • a control unit 9 comprising a computer is sited at the water treatment plant 6 and receives input signals and transmits output signals through a radio transmitter/ receiver 10.
  • the input signals received by the transmitter/receiver 10 are as follows:
  • the signals received by the transmitter/receiver 10 are transmitted by radio transmitters.
  • tlie level measuring device and water quality monitor of each reservoir are shown with their own transmitters but of course they may share a common transmitter (relay station) if that is more convenient.
  • each pumping station has a single transmitter/receiver (relay station) .
  • the transmitter/receivers of the valves are not shown in the drawing but it is to be understood that the valves are connected to either their own respective transmitters/receivers or a transmitter/receiver associated with a pumping station, a reservoir or another valve.
  • the output signals transmitted by the transmitter/ receiver 10 are as follows:
  • the control unit 9 also receives and stores, in a memory, data comprising other information regarding the system at the time that the system is first set up. Some of that information is only likely to change in the long term whilst other information will change in the short term. Examples of received information that is likely to change only in the long term are:
  • the maximum number of pumps at a single pumping station that can be operated at one time (the number may be limited for example because of the limits on the electricity supply to the pumping station) .
  • Examples of received information that is likely to change in the short term are: (i) the cost of electricity at the pumping station over the next 24 hours, (ii) meteorological information regarding rainfall, temperature, etc. , which may be used to determine water catchment and water replenish- ment information for the next 24 hours, and
  • the computer is programmed to process all the information it receives and to generate a forecast of the demand for water consumption and a programme of operation for the following 24 hours.
  • the computer can be operated in any one of three modes.
  • the computer receives the input signals and automatically generates output signals in accordance with its predetermined programme of operation.
  • the computer will automatically generate a revised programme of operation which may for example involve taking more water from reservoir IB and less from reservoir 1A or taking some water from reservoir 4 and less from reservoir 1A.
  • a revised programme of operation which may for example involve taking more water from reservoir IB and less from reservoir 1A or taking some water from reservoir 4 and less from reservoir 1A.
  • one of the pumps 2A to 2D or 5A to 5C breaks down the programme of operation can automatically be altered.
  • the computer receives the input signals and generates a proposed programme of operation which is displayed to an operator, for example on a VDU and/or a print-out, but does not automatically generate output signals to carry out the programme of operation. If an operator is satisfied with the desired programme of operation then he can instruct the computer to carry out that programme, but if he wishes he may alter an element of the programme, for example to avoid using a particular pump that he knows will require maintenance in the next 24 hours or to raise the amount of water in the river because of some leisure event (for example, canoeing) taking place by increasing the flow along it, and instruct the computer to recalculate an appropriate programme of operation. Once the operator is satisfied with the revised programme of operation, he can instruct the computer to carry out the programme.
  • the output signals are not sent by the computer but are sent under the direct control of the operator in accordance with the programme of operation proposed by the computer.
  • the computer is used to simulate operation of the system.
  • the computer may be asked to find the most effective programme for running the system over the next 24 hours or over a longer period such as a week or a month and to generate estimates of the cost of electricity for the pumps.
  • the computer may also be asked to generate a programme for a hypothetical situa ⁇ tion such as when the electrical supply to a pumping station fails, in order to see for how long the system can continue to meet the demand for water and to what extent the cost of electricity for the pumps is increased.
  • the off-line mode it is also possible to investigate how the running of the system would be affected if certain pumps were added in place of or in addition to others having different ratings and what effect that would have on the cost of electricity.
  • the computer can act as a very effective aid to planning and design of the system.
  • an operator may at any time obtain information via a VDU and/or a print-out of the current status of all the parts of the water system showing for example which pumps are operating, which valves are open or closed and which pumps and valves are inoperable because they are being serviced or are faulty.
  • the operator can also obtain historical information relating to any part of the system and/or showing an estimate of the cost of the electricity consumed by the pumps and can obtain a forecast for the future costs of operation over a chosen period.
  • Fig. 2 shows another water distribution system. Whereas the system of Fig. 1 ends at the water treatment plant, the system of Fig. 2 begins at the water treatment plant and ends at the end user which in this case is an industrial estate.
  • the system shown in Fig. 2 comprises a pumping station 20 having four pumps 20A, 2OB, 20C and 20D, a further pump 21, and service reservoirs 22, 23A and 23B.
  • the various parts of the system are connected together by pipes 24 and valves 25 are provided to control the flow of water through the system.
  • treated water from a water treatment plant 26 is supplied through pipe 24A either to the pumping station 20 or to the reservoir 22.
  • Water from the pumping station is passed to one of the reservoirs 23A and 23B or directly along the pipe 24B to the industrial estate.
  • Water from reservoir 22 is pumped by the pump 21 to one of the reservoirs 23A and 23B or directly along the pipe 24B to the industrial estate.
  • a control unit 29 comprising a computer is sited at the water treatment plant 26 and receives input signals and transmits output signals through a transmitter/ receiver 30.
  • the input signals received by the transmitter/receiver 30 are signals relating to reservoir levels, water quality and the states of the pumps and valves and the output signals transmitted to the transmitter/receiver 30 are command signals for the vaives and pumps, as described with reference to Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 2 The operation of the system of Fig. 2 is clearly analogous to Fig. 1 and will not be described further.
  • the water distribution systems described above ensure a reliable water supply at relatively low opera ⁇ tional costs.
  • the systems are able to take advantage of the knowledge and experience of skilled operators in the setting up of the control centre but are not thereafter dependent upon those operators.
  • the control centre can react immediately and automatically to any unexpected events such as a failure in a pump or a burst pipe to present a modified programme of operation. In the uncommon event that the control centre is unable to propose a programme of operation meeting its minimum requirements (for example because all water supplies are of inadequate quality) it will draw the attention of an operator who can manually modify the operation plan.
  • the control centre can be used not only on-line but also off-line using data from its internal database to simulate certain conditions.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Feedback Control In General (AREA)

Abstract

Méthode de distribution d'eau à travers un système de distribution, dans lequel on trouve au moins un réservoir (1A, 1B) de stockage d'eau et au moins une pompe ou une vanne (2A à 2D, 5A à 5C, 8) de commande de transfert de l'eau d'une partie du système vers une autre. Le système utilise un poste de commande central (6, 9) éloigné des composants du système, recevant une pluralité de signaux d'entrée et comportant des données stockées dans une mémoire et destiné à fournir un programme opérationnel audit système et à générer et transmettre une pluralité de signaux de sortie en accord avec le programme opérationnel. L'un des signaux d'entrée représente une donnée concernant le niveau d'eau dans le réservoir (1A, 1B) et l'un des signaux de sortie du système est un signal de commande du fonctionnement de la pompe (2A à 2D, 5A à 5C) ou de la vanne (8). Le système comporte également des unités de contrôle de qualité de l'eau (12) dont les signaux soit utilisés pour la commande du débit de l'eau. On décrit également un système de distribution d'eau fonctionnant selon ce principe ainsi qu'un procédé de simulation du fonctionnement d'un tel système.
PCT/GB1992/001637 1991-09-09 1992-09-08 Perfectionnements relatifs a la distribution d'eau Ceased WO1993005246A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9119226.0 1991-09-09
GB9119226A GB2260424B (en) 1991-09-09 1991-09-09 Improvements in and relating to water distribution

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993005246A1 true WO1993005246A1 (fr) 1993-03-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1992/001637 Ceased WO1993005246A1 (fr) 1991-09-09 1992-09-08 Perfectionnements relatifs a la distribution d'eau

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2555092A (fr)
GB (1) GB2260424B (fr)
WO (1) WO1993005246A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA926859B (fr)

Cited By (6)

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WO1996015327A1 (fr) * 1994-11-15 1996-05-23 Berline Anatoli A Systeme d'adduction d'eau
WO2008063554A3 (fr) * 2006-11-20 2008-09-18 Water Optimizer L L C Système de régulation
WO2016012895A1 (fr) * 2014-07-21 2016-01-28 Neotech Systems Pvt. Ltd. Procédé de contrôle, de communication et de commande de consommation d'eau et de disponibilité et système associé
CN107063766A (zh) * 2017-06-06 2017-08-18 邦达诚科技（常州）有限公司 水质检测站的采水供水装置及其控制方法
US10165713B2 (en) 2016-03-03 2018-12-25 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Advanced non-toxic radiation shielding materials from tailored brine sludge and a process for the preparation thereof
CN110130436A (zh) * 2019-06-06 2019-08-16 杨广平 智能水能循环节电系统

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US5591010A (en) * 1995-01-19 1997-01-07 Milltronics Ltd. Time shift control of wastewater pumping system
JP3800713B2 (ja) 1996-09-12 2006-07-26 株式会社明電舎 配水施設制御装置
RU2132910C1 (ru) * 1997-12-15 1999-07-10 Вологодский Политехнический Институт Система водоснабжения населенного пункта
GB0030205D0 (en) * 2000-12-12 2001-01-24 Pulsar Process Measurement Ltd Pump control method and apparatus
RU2321706C1 (ru) * 2006-07-17 2008-04-10 Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Водоканал Санкт-Петербурга" Система водоснабжения мегаполиса
RU2351715C1 (ru) * 2007-08-14 2009-04-10 Николай Андреевич Зеленский Система водоснабжения населенного пункта
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RU2646064C1 (ru) * 2017-08-07 2018-03-01 Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Водоканал Санкт-Петербурга" Оптимизированная система водоотведения

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996015327A1 (fr) * 1994-11-15 1996-05-23 Berline Anatoli A Systeme d'adduction d'eau
WO2008063554A3 (fr) * 2006-11-20 2008-09-18 Water Optimizer L L C Système de régulation
US8615329B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2013-12-24 Water Optimizer Llc Control system for regulating liquid flow
WO2016012895A1 (fr) * 2014-07-21 2016-01-28 Neotech Systems Pvt. Ltd. Procédé de contrôle, de communication et de commande de consommation d'eau et de disponibilité et système associé
US10165713B2 (en) 2016-03-03 2018-12-25 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Advanced non-toxic radiation shielding materials from tailored brine sludge and a process for the preparation thereof
CN107063766A (zh) * 2017-06-06 2017-08-18 邦达诚科技（常州）有限公司 水质检测站的采水供水装置及其控制方法
CN110130436A (zh) * 2019-06-06 2019-08-16 杨广平 智能水能循环节电系统
CN110130436B (zh) * 2019-06-06 2021-06-04 杨广平 智能水能循环节电系统

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AU2555092A (en) 1993-04-05
GB9119226D0 (en) 1991-10-23
ZA926859B (en) 1993-03-11
GB2260424B (en) 1995-01-11
GB2260424A (en) 1993-04-14

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