WO1993003374A2 - Method and apparatus for the analysis of agglutination reactions - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for the analysis of agglutination reactions Download PDFInfo
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- WO1993003374A2 WO1993003374A2 PCT/DE1992/000601 DE9200601W WO9303374A2 WO 1993003374 A2 WO1993003374 A2 WO 1993003374A2 DE 9200601 W DE9200601 W DE 9200601W WO 9303374 A2 WO9303374 A2 WO 9303374A2
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- Prior art keywords
- agglutination reactions
- reactions according
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- analysis
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 230000004520 agglutination Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims 4
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 108090001008 Avidin Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 102000004856 Lectins Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108090001090 Lectins Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001042 affinity chromatography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003547 immunosorbent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002523 lectin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 23
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005654 Sephadex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012507 Sephadex™ Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010011834 Streptolysins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000006395 Globulins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010044091 Globulins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010075210 streptolysin O Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5025—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures for parallel transport of multiple samples
- B01L3/50255—Multi-well filtration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
- G01N33/537—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase with separation of immune complex from unbound antigen or antibody
- G01N33/538—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase with separation of immune complex from unbound antigen or antibody by sorbent column, particles or resin strip, i.e. sorbent materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
- G01N2030/381—Flow patterns centrifugal chromatography
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
- G01N2030/8809—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample
- G01N2030/8813—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample biological materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
- G01N30/46—Flow patterns using more than one column
- G01N30/466—Flow patterns using more than one column with separation columns in parallel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/50—Conditioning of the sorbent material or stationary liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/60—Construction of the column
- G01N30/6052—Construction of the column body
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for analyzing agglutination reactions in medicine and biology.
- Agglutination reactions are traditionally carried out on a large scale in blood group serology. Agglutination tests for a number of proteins and other ligands have become increasingly known. For these tests, antibodies to the substance to be determined are usually bound to specially prepared erythrocytes or defined particles, very often latex particles. There are a variety of possible variations when using such tests. The agglutination reaction is predominantly evaluated semi-quantitatively by visual observation or after dilution of at least one of the reactants in titer levels.
- erythrocytes and other cells can be separated from low molecular weight accompanying substances in suitable media by means of molecular sieve gels. Furthermore, it is known that agglutinates from erythrocytes can only pass through certain agarose gels with difficulty. By visual inspection of such gel arrangements, which are designed as closed centrifuge tubes, agglutination reactions with erythrocytes can be assessed semi-quantitatively.
- the invention has for its object a cost-effective, practical, widely applicable and automatable analysis system for
- Reactants are introduced into a micro column that the agglutination reaction takes place in the micro column, that after the agglutination reaction there is a separation of
- the reactants are placed in a micro column.
- Agglutination reaction takes place in the microcolumn, preferably before the reactants pass through the filtering substance.
- Particles are preferably separated by force-accelerated filtration.
- the separation of particles by particle size can be done either by molecular sieve gels or by filtration, either through special filters or through filter aids. Gravity, centrifugal force, hydrostatic pressure or air pressure can be used to move the material to be separated. An electrical or magnetic field can also be used for separation.
- the use of the method is expanded by the fact that at least one reaction partner is firmly connected to a marker substance.
- marker substances can be radioactive isotopes, enzymes, luminescent markers, fluorescent markers or biospecific ligands with high affinity for substances that can be easily detected analytically. Marking with magnetic particles leads to a further possibility of expanding the use of the system.
- the coupling of reactants to latex or other particles opens up the use of known particle agglutination techniques.
- the measurement of the natural properties of participants for example the cloudiness of the solution of erythrocyte suspensions, ensures use in blood group serology and forms the basis for universal blood group automatons.
- the analysis of the agglutination reaction can either be carried out directly by optical measurements of the properties of the labeled or unlabeled reactants, or after the interposition of an auxiliary step.
- the layered arrangement of various chromatography materials in the micro column enables the pre-separation of various accompanying substances.
- An extension of the entrance part of the micro column allows the reactants to be mixed.
- the arrangement of the individual columns and collecting vessels in certain rows and matrix arrangements allows a high sample throughput and the automation of the process.
- the fitable arrangement of the microcolumns to microtiter plates is particularly favorable, since commercially available microtiter plate readers can be used for many analytical questions.
- the entire arrangement can be used in centrifuge rotors if the material is separated by centrifugal force.
- the material separation can advantageously also be carried out by means of liquid pressure or air pressure.
- the invention is illustrated by 9 exemplary embodiments.
- FIG. 1 Plurality of microcolumns (microcolumn chamber), collecting vessels (microtiter plate) and pipettes (multichannel pipettes)
- Fig. La shows the arrangement for analyzing agglutination reactions consisting of a microcolumn (1), which is composed of an input-side part (2) and an output-side part (3), separated by a filter (4).
- the input part contains an extension (5) for introducing and mixing the reactants and a column part (6).
- the column passage (7) is collected in a collecting vessel (8).
- Fig. Lb shows the arrangement with a filter element (9) and the filling of the column with a chromatography material (10).
- Fig. Lc shows the arrangement with a filter element and two different chromatography materials (11 and 12).
- Example 4 Micro column for chromatography and filtration.
- Fig. Id shows the arrangement with a filter (4) and a chromatography material (10).
- Fig. 2 shows the plurality of the arrangement of the micro-columns (1) in micro-column chambers (13), the collecting vessels (8) in Microtiter plates (14) and the pipette tips in multi-channel pipettes (15).
- Example 6 Blood group determination in the ABO system by separating the agglutinated particles by filtration
- the agglutinates remain on the filter surface, the nonagglutinated erythrocytes sediment from the outlet part into the microtiter plate.
- the microtiter plate is shaken on a horizontally rotating shaker and evaluated in a reader at 405 nm.
- the non-agglutinated erythrocytes suspended in the microtiter plate have the following extinctions:
- Each column part (6) of the columns of the micro column chamber (13) is filled with 30 ⁇ l of Sephadex G 200 soaked in 0.9% NaCl as the chromatography material (10) by filling 150 ⁇ l of a 20% gel suspension into the columns and at 500 U centrifuged for 5 min / min. Then 20 ⁇ l of an antiserum dilution are pipetted onto the gel surface. 5 ⁇ l of the 5% erythrocyte suspension are pipetted into this. All pipetting steps (gel suspension, antiserum dilution,
- Erythrocyte suspension are carried out with multichannel pipettes (8, 12 or 96-fold) (15).
- the column chambers are centrifuged at 250 rpm for 10 min over a microtiter plate and the column outlet of each column is thus collected in a hole in the microtiter plate, which contains 100 ⁇ l 0.9% NaCl per hole.
- the erytrocyte agglutinates are on the gel or in the upper parts of the gel. The non-agglutinated erythrocytes sediment into the microtiter plate.
- microtiter plate is then shaken by means of a shaker and then measured at 405 nm in a microtiter plate reader or an equivalent photometer.
- the non-agglutinated erythrocytes suspended in the microtiter plate have the following extinctions: Reaction of A erythrocytes
- Each column part (6) of the columns of the micro column chamber (13) is filled with 30 ⁇ l of Biogel 200 soaked in 0.9% NaCl, as described in application example 7. 20 ⁇ l of Coombs serum (anti-human globulin) are pipetted onto the gel surface. 5 ⁇ l of the unwashed, sensitized erythrocytes from whole blood are also pipetted onto the gel surface from a 5% suspension. The column chambers are incubated for 15-30 min at room temperature and then centrifuged and measured photometrically as in Application Example 7.
- the erythrocytes agglutinated with Coombs serum are located as a sharp band on the gel surface or in the upper half of the gel.
- the non-agglutinated erythrocytes sediment into the microtiter plate.
- the non-agglutinated erythrocytes suspended in the microtiter plate have the following extinctions:
- Application example 9 determination of antistreptolysin antibodies by means of latex agglutination and particle separation by chromatography.
- Each column part (6) of the columns of the micro column chamber (13) is filled with 30 ⁇ l of poured Sephadex G200 superfine, as described in application example 7. 20 ⁇ l of the serum sample to be examined are pipetted onto the gel surface. For this purpose, 5 ⁇ l streptolysin-O-labeled latex particles (diluted 1: 2 in 0.9% NaCl, from rheumajet ASO, biokit) are pipetted. After incubation for 10 min at room temperature, the microcolumn chambers are centrifuged as in application example 6 over a microtiter plate. The agglutinated latex particles remain on the gel surface or in the upper parts of the gel, the non-agglutinated particles sediment into the microtiter plate. The microtiter plate is shaken and evaluated in a reader at 380 nm.
- the non-agglutinated latex particles suspended in the microtiter plate have the following extinctions:
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Abstract
Description
Verf-ihren und Anordnung zur Analyse von Aqσlutinationsreaktionen Procedure and arrangement for analyzing aqlutination reactions
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zur Analyse von Agglutinationsreaktionen in der Medizin und der Biologie.The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for analyzing agglutination reactions in medicine and biology.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Agglutinationsreaktionen werden im großen Umfang traditionsgemäß in der Blutgruppenserologie durchgeführt. Zunehmend sind Agglutinationsteste für eine Reihe von Proteinen und anderen Liganden bekannt geworden. Für diese Teste werden in der Regel Antikörper gegen die zu bestimmende Substanz an speziell präparierte Erythrozyten oder definierte Partikel, sehr häufig Latexpartikel, gebunden. Es gibt eine Vielfalt von Variations¬ möglichkeiten beim Einsatz solcher Teste. Die Auswertung der Agglutinationsreaktion erfolgt überwiegend semiguantitativ durch visuelle Beobachtung oder nach Verdünnung wenigstens eines der Reaktanden in Titerstufen.Agglutination reactions are traditionally carried out on a large scale in blood group serology. Agglutination tests for a number of proteins and other ligands have become increasingly known. For these tests, antibodies to the substance to be determined are usually bound to specially prepared erythrocytes or defined particles, very often latex particles. There are a variety of possible variations when using such tests. The agglutination reaction is predominantly evaluated semi-quantitatively by visual observation or after dilution of at least one of the reactants in titer levels.
Versuche zur guantitativen Auswertung von Agglutinations¬ reaktionen unter Nutzung von Bildauswerteverfahren, von speziellen Verfahren zur Messung der Verteilung von freien Reaktanden und Agglutinaten in Mikrotiterplatten sind aufwendig und bedürfen einer großen Zahl von Kontrolluntersuchungen, da besonders im Falle von schwach ausgebildeten Agglutinaten die Differenzierung zur Nichtagglutination schwierig ist. Spezielle Automaten zur BlutgruppenbeStimmung sind aufwendig und sehr teuer. Hinzu kommt, daß besonders in der Blutgruppenserologie spezielle Erythrozyteneigenschaften, beispielsweise im Coombs-Test, erst nach mehrfacher Waschung der Erythrozyten bestimmbar sind. Diese Waschschritte sind zeitaufwendig und umständlich und erlauben keine einheitliche Probenhandhabung im Gesamtprozeß der Analyse. Es ist seit langem bekannt, daß Erythrozyten und andere Zellen in geeigneten Medien durch Molekularsiebgele von niedermolekularen Begleitstoffen getrennt werden können. Darüberhinaus ist bekannt, daß Agglutinate von Erythrozyten bestimmte Agarosegele nur schwer passieren können. Durch visuelle Besichtigung solcher Gelanordnungen, die als geschlossene Zentrifugenröhrchen ausgebildet sind, lassen sich Agglutinationsreaktionen mit Erythrozyten semiguantitativ beurteilen.Attempts to quantitatively evaluate agglutination reactions using image evaluation methods, special methods for measuring the distribution of free reactants and agglutinates in microtiter plates are complex and require a large number of control examinations, since differentiation from non-agglutination is particularly difficult in the case of poorly developed agglutinates is. Special machines for blood group determination are complex and very expensive. In addition, especially in blood group serology, special erythrocyte properties, for example in the Coombs test, can only be determined after the erythrocytes have been washed several times. These washing steps are time-consuming and cumbersome and do not allow uniform sample handling in the overall process of the analysis. It has long been known that erythrocytes and other cells can be separated from low molecular weight accompanying substances in suitable media by means of molecular sieve gels. Furthermore, it is known that agglutinates from erythrocytes can only pass through certain agarose gels with difficulty. By visual inspection of such gel arrangements, which are designed as closed centrifuge tubes, agglutination reactions with erythrocytes can be assessed semi-quantitatively.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde ein kostengünstiges, praktikables, breit einsetzbares und automatisierbares Analysesystem fürThe invention has for its object a cost-effective, practical, widely applicable and automatable analysis system for
Agglutinationsreaktionen zu schaffen, welches die sichere Analyse von Agglutinationen auch nach der essentiellen Entfernung von störenden Begleitstoffen semiguantitativ und guantitativ erlaubt.To create agglutination reactions, which allows the reliable analysis of agglutinations even after the essential removal of interfering accompanying substances semi-quantitatively and guantitatively.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß dieThe object is achieved in that the
Reaktionspartner in eine Mikrosäule eingebracht werden, daß die Agglutinationsreaktion in der Mikrosäule erfolgt, daß nach der Agglutinationsreaktion eine Trennung vonReactants are introduced into a micro column that the agglutination reaction takes place in the micro column, that after the agglutination reaction there is a separation of
Agglutinaten und nicht verbrauchten Reaktionspartnern durchAgglutinates and unused reaction partners
Stofftrennung nach Partikelgröße unter Krafteinwirkung erfolgt, daß die nichtagglutinierten Partner unter derSeparation of substances according to particle size under the influence of force takes place that the non-agglutinated partners under the
Mikrosäule aufgefangen werden, und daß der Verbrauch vonMicro column to be caught, and that the consumption of
Reaktionspartnern im Durchlauf bestimmt wird.Reaction partners in the run is determined.
Die Reaktionspartner werden in eine Mikrosäule gegeben. DieThe reactants are placed in a micro column. The
Agglutinationsreaktion erfolgt in der Mikrosäule, vorzugsweise vor Durchlauf der Reaktionspartner durch den filternden Stoff. Agglutinierte und nichtagglutinierteAgglutination reaction takes place in the microcolumn, preferably before the reactants pass through the filtering substance. Agglutinated and non-agglutinated
Partikel werden vorzugsweise mittels durch Krafteinwirkung beschleunigter Filtration getrennt.Particles are preferably separated by force-accelerated filtration.
Das nichtagglutinierte Partikel enthaltende Eluat wird nachThe eluate containing non-agglutinated particles is subsequently
Verlassen der Mikrosäule unter dieser aufgefangen und einer guantitativen Analyse unterzogen. Die Stofftrennung nach Partikelgröße kann entweder durch Molekularsiebgele oder durch Filtration, entweder über speziellen Filtern oder durch Filterhilfen erfolgen. Zur Bewegung des zu trennenden Stoffgutes können die Gravitationskraft, Zentrifugalkraft, hydrostatischer Druck oder Luftdruck eingesetzt werden. Ebenso kann ein elektrisches oder magnetisches Feld zur Trennung eingesetzt werden.Leaving the microcolumn caught under this and subjected to a quantitative analysis. The separation of particles by particle size can be done either by molecular sieve gels or by filtration, either through special filters or through filter aids. Gravity, centrifugal force, hydrostatic pressure or air pressure can be used to move the material to be separated. An electrical or magnetic field can also be used for separation.
Der Einsatz des Verfahrens wird erweitert dadurch, daß zu¬ mindest ein Reaktionspartner mit einer Markersubstanz fest verbunden wird. Solche Markersubstanzen können radioaktive Isotope, Enzyme, Lumineszensmarker, Fluoreszensmarker oder biospezifische Liganden mit hoher Affinität zu Substanzen sein, die sich leicht analytisch nachweisen lassen. Markierung mit magnetischen Partikeln führt zu einer weiteren Möglichkeit der Erweiterung des Einsatzes des Systems. Die Kopplung von Reaktionspartnern an Latex- oder andere Partikel erschließt den Einsatz der bekannten Partikelagglutinationstechniken. Die Messung der natürlichen Eigenschaften von Teilnehmern, beispielsweise der Trübung der Lösung von Erythrozytensuspensionen, sichert den Einsatz in der Blutgruppenserologie und bildet die Grundlage für universelle Blutgruppenautomaten. Werden vor der eigentlichen Agglutinationsreaktion in der Säule Abtrennungsschritte, die die Prinzipien der Chromatographie nutzen, vorgesehen, so kann die Spezifität der Technik stark erweitert werden. Mit Molekularsiebgelen können niedermolekulare Begleitstoffe abgetrennt werden. Der Einsatz von spezifischen Immunoliganden erlaubt hochspezifisch nahezu jeden beliebigen Begleitstoff zu entfernen. Auch andere Affinitätsgele und unspezifische Chromatographiegele können zur Entfernung von Begleitstoffen vor der Agglutination genutzt werden. Die zur Durchführung des Verfahrens vorgesehene Anordnung trennt in einer Mikrosäule einen eingangsseitigen Teil von einem ausgangsseitigen Teil durch ein Filterelement. Paßfähig zur Mikrosäule ist ein lösbares Auffanggefäß vorgesehen, in dem der Durchlauf aufgenommen wird. In diesem Auf anggefäß kann die Analyse der Agglutinationsreaktion entweder direkt durch optische Messungen der Eigenschaften der markierten oder unmarkierten Reaktanten, oder nach Zwischenschaltung eines Hilfsschrittes erfolgen. Die schichtweise Anordnung verschiedener Chromatographiematerialien in der Mikrosäule erlaubt die Realisierung der Vorabtrennung verschiedener Begleitstoffe. Eine Erweiterung des Eingangsteils der Mikrosäule gestattet das Mischen der Reaktanden. Die Anordnung der Einzelsäulen und Auffanggefäße in bestimmten Reihen und Matrixanordnungen erlaubt einen hohen Probendurchsatz und die Automatisierung des Verfahrens. Besonders günstig ist die paßfähige Anordnung der Mikrosäulen zu Mikrotiterplatten, da für viele analytische Fragen sofort kommerziell erhältliche Mikrotiterplatten- Reader eingesetzt werden können.The use of the method is expanded by the fact that at least one reaction partner is firmly connected to a marker substance. Such marker substances can be radioactive isotopes, enzymes, luminescent markers, fluorescent markers or biospecific ligands with high affinity for substances that can be easily detected analytically. Marking with magnetic particles leads to a further possibility of expanding the use of the system. The coupling of reactants to latex or other particles opens up the use of known particle agglutination techniques. The measurement of the natural properties of participants, for example the cloudiness of the solution of erythrocyte suspensions, ensures use in blood group serology and forms the basis for universal blood group automatons. If separation steps that use the principles of chromatography are provided in the column before the actual agglutination reaction, the specificity of the technology can be greatly expanded. Molecular sieve gels can be used to remove low-molecular accompanying substances. The use of specific immunoligands allows highly specific to remove almost any accompanying substance. Other affinity gels and non-specific chromatographic gels can also be used to remove accompanying substances before agglutination. The arrangement provided for carrying out the method separates a part on the input side from a part on the output side in a microcolumn by a filter element. A detachable collecting vessel is provided to fit the microcolumn, in which the passage is received. In On anggefäß the analysis of the agglutination reaction can either be carried out directly by optical measurements of the properties of the labeled or unlabeled reactants, or after the interposition of an auxiliary step. The layered arrangement of various chromatography materials in the micro column enables the pre-separation of various accompanying substances. An extension of the entrance part of the micro column allows the reactants to be mixed. The arrangement of the individual columns and collecting vessels in certain rows and matrix arrangements allows a high sample throughput and the automation of the process. The fitable arrangement of the microcolumns to microtiter plates is particularly favorable, since commercially available microtiter plate readers can be used for many analytical questions.
Die gesamte Anordnung kann in Zentrifugenrotoren eingesetzt werden, wenn die Stofftrennung durch Zentrifugalkraft erfolgt. Durch die Anbringung geeigneter Verbindungsstücke zu Pipetten und Multipipetten kann die Stofftrennung vorteilhaft auch durch Flüssigkeitsdruck oder Luftdruck erfolgen.The entire arrangement can be used in centrifuge rotors if the material is separated by centrifugal force. By attaching suitable connecting pieces to pipettes and multipipettes, the material separation can advantageously also be carried out by means of liquid pressure or air pressure.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Die Erfindung wird durch 9 Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert.The invention is illustrated by 9 exemplary embodiments.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Figur 1: Mikrosäulen und AuffanggefäßeFigure 1: Micro columns and collecting vessels
Figur la: Mikrosäule mit FilterFigure la: micro column with filter
Figur lb: Mikrosäule mit Filterelement undFigure lb: micro column with filter element and
Chromatographiematerial Figur 1c: Mikrosäule mit Filterelement und zwei verschiedenen Chromatographiematerialien Figur ld: Mikrosäule mit Filter und einemChromatography material Figure 1c: Micro column with filter element and two different chromatography materials Figure 1d: Micro column with filter and one
Chromatographiematerial Figur 2: Pluralität von Mikrosäulen (Mikrosäulenkammer) , Auffanggefäßen (Mikrotiterplatte) und Pipetten (Mehrkanalpipetten)Chromatography material Figure 2: Plurality of microcolumns (microcolumn chamber), collecting vessels (microtiter plate) and pipettes (multichannel pipettes)
Bester Weg zur Ausführung der Erfindung Anwendunσsbeispiel 1 - Mikrosäule zur FiltrationBest way to carry out the invention Application example 1 - micro column for filtration
Die Fig. la zeigt die Anordnung zur Analyse von Agglutinationsreaktionen bestehend aus einer Mikrosäule (1), die aus einem eingangsseitige Teil (2) und einem ausgangsseitigem Teil (3), getrennt durch ein Filter (4), zusammengesetzt ist. Der eingangsseitige Teil enthält eine Erweiterung (5) zum Einbringen und Mischen der Reaktanden und einen Säulenteil (6). Der Säulendurchlauf (7) wird in einem Auffanggefäß (8) aufgefangen.Fig. La shows the arrangement for analyzing agglutination reactions consisting of a microcolumn (1), which is composed of an input-side part (2) and an output-side part (3), separated by a filter (4). The input part contains an extension (5) for introducing and mixing the reactants and a column part (6). The column passage (7) is collected in a collecting vessel (8).
Anwendunσsbeispiel 2. - Mikrosäule zur ChromatographieApplication example 2. - Micro column for chromatography
Die Fig. lb zeigt die Anordnung mit einem Filterelement (9) und die Füllung der Säule mit einem Chromatographiematerial (10).Fig. Lb shows the arrangement with a filter element (9) and the filling of the column with a chromatography material (10).
Anwendunσsbeispiel 3 - Mikrosäule zur Chromatographie mit verschiedenen Chromatographiematerialien.Application example 3 - micro column for chromatography with various chromatography materials.
Die Fig. lc zeigt die Anordnung mit einem Filterelement und zwei verschiedenen Chromatographiematerialien (11 und 12).Fig. Lc shows the arrangement with a filter element and two different chromatography materials (11 and 12).
Anwendunσsbeispiel 4 - Mikrosäule zur Chromatographie und Filtration.Example 4 - Micro column for chromatography and filtration.
Die Fig. Id zeigt die Anordung mit einem Filter (4) und einem Chromatographiematerial (10).Fig. Id shows the arrangement with a filter (4) and a chromatography material (10).
Anwendungsbeispiel 5 - Pluralität von MikrosäulenExample of use 5 - plurality of microcolumns
Fig. 2 zeigt die Pluralität der Anordung der Mikrosäulen (1) in Mikrosäulenkammern (13), der Auffanggefäße (8) in Mikrotiterplatten (14) und der Pipettenspitzen in Mehrkanalpipetten (15) .Fig. 2 shows the plurality of the arrangement of the micro-columns (1) in micro-column chambers (13), the collecting vessels (8) in Microtiter plates (14) and the pipette tips in multi-channel pipettes (15).
Anwendunσsbeispiel 6 - Blutgruppenbestimmung im ABO-System mittels Abtrennung der agglutinierten Partikel durch FiltrationExample 6 - Blood group determination in the ABO system by separating the agglutinated particles by filtration
Jeder Säulenteil (6) der Säulen der Mikrosäulenkammer (13), der mit einem Filter (4) mit einer Porengröße von 10 μm vom ausgangsseitigen Teil getrennt ist, wird mit 20 μl - Antiserum (Anti-A, Anti-B oder Anti-A+B) gefüllt. In das Antiserum werden 5 μl einer 5%igen Erythrozytensuspension in 0,9% NaCl pipettiert und durch Heben und Senken des Pipettenkolbens gemischt. Die Mikrosäulenkammer wird 10-20 min bei Raumtemperatur inkubiert und danach 30 min bei 250 U/min über einer Mikrotiterplatte (14), die in jedem Loch 100 μl 0,9% NaCl enhält, zentrifugiert. Die Agglutinate verbleiben auf der Filteroberfläche, die niσhtagglutinierten Erythrozyten sedimentieren aus dem ausgangsseitigen Teil in die Mikrotiterplatte. Die Mikrotiterplatte wird auf einem horizontal rotierenden Schüttler geschüttelt und in einem Reader bei 405 nm ausgewertet.Each column part (6) of the columns of the micro-column chamber (13), which is separated from the outlet-side part by a filter (4) with a pore size of 10 μm, is treated with 20 μl antiserum (anti-A, anti-B or anti-A + B) filled. 5 μl of a 5% erythrocyte suspension in 0.9% NaCl are pipetted into the antiserum and mixed by lifting and lowering the pipette piston. The microcolumn chamber is incubated for 10-20 min at room temperature and then centrifuged for 30 min at 250 rpm over a microtiter plate (14) which contains 100 μl 0.9% NaCl in each well. The agglutinates remain on the filter surface, the nonagglutinated erythrocytes sediment from the outlet part into the microtiter plate. The microtiter plate is shaken on a horizontally rotating shaker and evaluated in a reader at 405 nm.
Die in der Mikrotiterplatte suspendierten nicht- agglutinierten Erythrozyten weisen die folgenden Extinktionen auf:The non-agglutinated erythrocytes suspended in the microtiter plate have the following extinctions:
Reaktion von A-ErythrozytenReaction of A erythrocytes
Antiserum Verdünnung Erythrozyten ExtinktionAntiserum dilution erythrocyte absorbance
20 μl 5 μl 5 %20 μl 5 μl 5%
Anti-B 1:4 A 0,8 (=E)Anti-B 1: 4 A 0.8 (= E)
Anti-A unv. A 0,03 x EAnti-A unv. A 0.03 x E
1:4 A 0,08 x E1: 4 A 0.08 x E
1:8 A 0,2 x E1: 8 A 0.2 x E
1:16 A 0,5 x E1:16 A 0.5 x E
1:32 A 0,8 X E Anwendungsbeispiel 7 - Blutgruppenbestimmung im ABO-System mittels Partikeltrennung durch Chromatographie1:32 A 0.8 XE Application example 7 - blood group determination in the ABO system by means of particle separation by chromatography
Jeder Säulenteil (6) der Säulen der Mikrosäulenkammer (13) wird mit 30 μl in 0,9 % NaCl geguollenem Sephadex G 200 als Chromatographiematerial (10) gefüllt, indem 150 μl einer 20 %igen Gelsuspension in die Säulen gefüllt werden und bei 500 U/min für 5 min zentrifugiert werden. Danach werden 20 μl einer Antiserumverdünnung auf die Geloberfläche pipettiert. Dazu werden 5 μl der 5%igen Erythrozytensuspension pipettiert. Alle Pipettierschritte (Gelsuspension, Antiserumverdünnung,Each column part (6) of the columns of the micro column chamber (13) is filled with 30 μl of Sephadex G 200 soaked in 0.9% NaCl as the chromatography material (10) by filling 150 μl of a 20% gel suspension into the columns and at 500 U centrifuged for 5 min / min. Then 20 μl of an antiserum dilution are pipetted onto the gel surface. 5 μl of the 5% erythrocyte suspension are pipetted into this. All pipetting steps (gel suspension, antiserum dilution,
Erythrozytensuspension) werden mit Mehrkanalpipetten (8-, 12- oder 96-fach)(15) vorgenommen.Erythrocyte suspension) are carried out with multichannel pipettes (8, 12 or 96-fold) (15).
Nach 10 min Inkubation bei Raumtemperatur werden die Säulenkammern bei 250 U/min für 10 min über einer Mikrotiterplatte zentrifugiert und damit der Säulenauslauf jeder Säule in einem Loch der Mikrotiterplatte, die 100 μl 0,9 %iges NaCl pro Loch enthält, aufgefangen. Die Erytrozytenagglutinate befinden sich nach Zentrifugation auf dem Gel bzw. in den oberen Gelanteilen. Die nichtagglutinierten Erythrozyten sedimentieren in die Mikrotiterplatte.After 10 min incubation at room temperature, the column chambers are centrifuged at 250 rpm for 10 min over a microtiter plate and the column outlet of each column is thus collected in a hole in the microtiter plate, which contains 100 μl 0.9% NaCl per hole. After centrifugation, the erytrocyte agglutinates are on the gel or in the upper parts of the gel. The non-agglutinated erythrocytes sediment into the microtiter plate.
Die Mikrotiterplatte wird nun mittels eines Schüttlers geschüttelt und danach bei 405 nm in einem Mikrotiterplattenreader oder einem äguivalenten Photometer gemessen.The microtiter plate is then shaken by means of a shaker and then measured at 405 nm in a microtiter plate reader or an equivalent photometer.
Die in der Mikrotiterplatte suspendierten nicht¬ agglutinierten Erythrozyten weisen die folgenden Extinktionen auf: Reaktion von A-ErythrozytenThe non-agglutinated erythrocytes suspended in the microtiter plate have the following extinctions: Reaction of A erythrocytes
AntiserumAntiserum
Anti-B Anti-AAnti-B Anti-A
Anwendungsbeispiel 8 - Coombs-Test nach Abtrennung von störenden Begleitstoffen mittels ChromatographieExample of use 8 - Coombs test after separation of disruptive accompanying substances by means of chromatography
Jeder Säulenteil (6) der Säulen der Mikrosäulenkammer (13) wird mit 30 μl in 0,9 % NaCl geguollenem Biogel 200 gefüllt, wie in Anwendungsbeispiel 7 beschrieben. Es werden 20 μl Coombs-Serum (Anti-Human-Globulin) auf die Geloberfläche pipettiert. 5 μl der ungewaschenen sensibilisierten Erythrozyten aus Vollblut werden aus einer 5 % igen Suspension ebenfalls auf die Geloberfläche pipettiert. Die Säulenkammern werden 15-30 min bei Raumtemperatur inkubiert und danach wie in Anwendungsbeispiel 7 zentrifugiert und photometrisch gemessen.Each column part (6) of the columns of the micro column chamber (13) is filled with 30 μl of Biogel 200 soaked in 0.9% NaCl, as described in application example 7. 20 μl of Coombs serum (anti-human globulin) are pipetted onto the gel surface. 5 μl of the unwashed, sensitized erythrocytes from whole blood are also pipetted onto the gel surface from a 5% suspension. The column chambers are incubated for 15-30 min at room temperature and then centrifuged and measured photometrically as in Application Example 7.
Die mit Coombs-Serum agglutinierten Erythrozyten befinden sich nach der Zentrifugation als scharfe Bande auf der Geloberfläche oder in der oberen Hälfte des Geles. Die nichtagglutinierten Erythrozyten sedimentieren in die Mikrotiterplatte.After centrifugation, the erythrocytes agglutinated with Coombs serum are located as a sharp band on the gel surface or in the upper half of the gel. The non-agglutinated erythrocytes sediment into the microtiter plate.
Die in der Mikrotiterplatte suspendierten nicht¬ agglutinierten Erythrozyten weisen die folgenden Extinktionen auf:The non-agglutinated erythrocytes suspended in the microtiter plate have the following extinctions:
Reaktion von Coombs-positiven O-ErythrozytenReaction from Coombs positive O erythrocytes
Antiserum Verdünnung Erythrozyten Extiktion 20 μl 5 μl 5 AHG-Serum unverdünnt Coombs +++ 0-0,01 AHG-Serum unverdünnt Coombs - 0,16Antiserum dilution erythrocyte extiction 20 μl 5 μl 5 AHG serum undiluted Coombs +++ 0-0.01 AHG serum undiluted Coombs - 0.16
Anwendunσsbeispiel 9 - Bestimmung von Antistreptolysin- Antikörpern mittels Latexagglutination und Partikeltrennung durch Chromatographie.Application example 9 - determination of antistreptolysin antibodies by means of latex agglutination and particle separation by chromatography.
Jeder Säulenteil (6) der Säulen der Mikrosäulenkammer (13) wird mit 30 μl geguollenem Sephadex G200 superfine, wie in Anwendungsbeispiel 7 beschrieben, gefüllt. Auf die Geloberfläche werden 20 μl der zu untersuchenden Serumprobe pipettiert. Dazu werden 5 μl Streptolysin-O-markierte Latexpartikel (1:2 in 0,9% NaCl verdünnt, aus rheumajet ASO, biokit) pipettiert. Nach Inkubation für 10 min bei Raumtemperatur werden die Mikrosäulenkammern wie in Anwendungsbeispiel 6 über einer Mikrotiterplatte zentrifugiert. Die agglutinierten Latexpartikel bleiben auf der Geloberfläche oder in den oberen Gelteilen liegen, die nichtagglutinierten Partikel sedimentieren in die Mikrotiterplatte. Die Mikrotiterplatte wird geschüttelt und in einem Reader bei 380 nm ausgewertet.Each column part (6) of the columns of the micro column chamber (13) is filled with 30 μl of poured Sephadex G200 superfine, as described in application example 7. 20 μl of the serum sample to be examined are pipetted onto the gel surface. For this purpose, 5 μl streptolysin-O-labeled latex particles (diluted 1: 2 in 0.9% NaCl, from rheumajet ASO, biokit) are pipetted. After incubation for 10 min at room temperature, the microcolumn chambers are centrifuged as in application example 6 over a microtiter plate. The agglutinated latex particles remain on the gel surface or in the upper parts of the gel, the non-agglutinated particles sediment into the microtiter plate. The microtiter plate is shaken and evaluated in a reader at 380 nm.
Die in der Mikrotiterplatte suspendierten nichtagglutinierten Latexpartikel weisen die folgenden Extinktionen auf:The non-agglutinated latex particles suspended in the microtiter plate have the following extinctions:
20 μl Serum 5 μl 1:2 verdünnte Partikel Extinktion20 μl serum 5 μl 1: 2 diluted particle absorbance
ASO-negativ Streptolysin-beschichtet 0,6 ASO-poεitiv Streptolysin-beschichtet 0,005 ASO-negative streptolysin-coated 0.6 ASO-positive streptolysin-coated 0.005
Bezugszeichenreference numeral
1 Mikrosäule1 micro column
2 eingangsseitiger Teil der Mikrosäule2 part of the micro column on the input side
3 ausgangsseitiger Teil der Mikrosäule3 part of the micro column on the output side
4 Filter4 filters
5 Erweiterung im emgangsseitigen Teil5 Extension in the entrance part
6 Säulenteil der Mikrosäule Säulendurchlauf Auffanggefäß Filterelement 0 Chromatographiematerial a 1 Chromatographiematerial b 2 Chromatographiematerial c 3 Mikrosäulenkammer 4 Mikrotiterplatte 5 Mehrkanalpipette 6 Column part of the micro column Column run through Collecting vessel Filter element 0 Chromatography material a 1 Chromatography material b 2 Chromatography material c 3 Micro column chamber 4 Microtiter plate 5 Multi-channel pipette
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914124778 DE4124778A1 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1991-07-26 | METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR ANALYZING AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS |
| DEP4124778.7 | 1991-07-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1993003374A2 true WO1993003374A2 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
| WO1993003374A3 WO1993003374A3 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
Family
ID=6437055
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1992/000601 WO1993003374A2 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1992-07-25 | Method and apparatus for the analysis of agglutination reactions |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2374592A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4124778A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993003374A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0678745A1 (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-10-25 | Scibiex (Sarl) | Method and apparatus for immunological analysis |
| WO1997026536A1 (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-07-24 | Bernd Pevec | Device and process for the determination and/or removal of a substance in a sample |
| US6471860B1 (en) * | 1998-03-12 | 2002-10-29 | Miltenyi Biotech Gmbh | Magnetic micro separation column and method of using it |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2702050B1 (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1995-05-24 | Boy Inst Jacques | A method of blood grouping using immunoenzymatic reactions. |
| NL1006680C2 (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 1998-09-07 | Alexander Adrianus Moen | Method for detecting the presence of an immunologically reactive molecule in a sample. |
| DE19734135A1 (en) | 1997-08-07 | 1999-02-11 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Biological materials supply system |
| DE60119079T2 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2006-11-30 | Emory University | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR IMMUNOLOGICAL ASSAYS |
| US20050123456A1 (en) * | 2001-12-04 | 2005-06-09 | Lutz Eichacker | Device and method for processing biological or chemical substances or substance mixtures thereof |
| DE102004033811A1 (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2006-02-02 | Salama, Abdulgabar, Prof. Dr. | Method for the simple and rapid detection of cells and biomolecules with the aid of paramagnetic particles |
| DE102006002258B4 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2008-08-21 | Siemens Ag | Module for the preparation of a biological sample, biochip set and use of the module |
| DE102006055358A1 (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2008-05-29 | Omx Gmbh | Quantitative comparison process for two or more proteins involves reductive alkylizing with keton in presence of hydrating reagent |
| SG11201402709WA (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-06-27 | Univ Bruxelles | Method and device for assaying an antigen present on erythrocytes or an antibody binding to an antigen present on erythrocytes |
| CN105652014A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-08 | 合肥天生物技术研究所 | Preparation method of detection card for direct antiglobulin test |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4425438A (en) * | 1981-03-13 | 1984-01-10 | Bauman David S | Assay method and device |
| US5073484A (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1991-12-17 | Bio-Metric Systems, Inc. | Quantitative analysis apparatus and method |
| WO1986007463A1 (en) * | 1985-06-03 | 1986-12-18 | American National Red Cross | Microtiter - surface - flocculation assay for antigen or antibody screening |
| DE3717211A1 (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1988-12-01 | Diagen Inst Molekularbio | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING AND CLEANING MOLECULES |
| WO1989000290A1 (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1989-01-12 | In Vitro Technologies, Inc. | Capillary device for immunoassay of multiple analytes |
| JPH087215B2 (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1996-01-29 | シュティフツング・フュア・ディアグノスティッシュ・フォルシュンク | Method for detecting antigen and / or antibody and test kit for detection |
| CA2055095C (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 2003-05-13 | Johnna B. Hawk | Column agglutination assay and device |
-
1991
- 1991-07-26 DE DE19914124778 patent/DE4124778A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-07-25 WO PCT/DE1992/000601 patent/WO1993003374A2/en active Application Filing
- 1992-07-25 AU AU23745/92A patent/AU2374592A/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0678745A1 (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-10-25 | Scibiex (Sarl) | Method and apparatus for immunological analysis |
| FR2719122A1 (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-10-27 | Scibiex Sarl | Device and method for immunological analysis |
| US5746975A (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1998-05-05 | Scibiex (Sarl) | Apparatus for immunological analysis |
| WO1997026536A1 (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-07-24 | Bernd Pevec | Device and process for the determination and/or removal of a substance in a sample |
| US6471860B1 (en) * | 1998-03-12 | 2002-10-29 | Miltenyi Biotech Gmbh | Magnetic micro separation column and method of using it |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1993003374A3 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
| DE4124778A1 (en) | 1993-01-28 |
| AU2374592A (en) | 1993-03-02 |
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