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WO1992004429A1 - Procede et dispositif de separation d'impuretes indesirbales d'accompagnement contenues dans des liquides a conductivite electrique reduite ou nulle - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de separation d'impuretes indesirbales d'accompagnement contenues dans des liquides a conductivite electrique reduite ou nulle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992004429A1
WO1992004429A1 PCT/DE1991/000715 DE9100715W WO9204429A1 WO 1992004429 A1 WO1992004429 A1 WO 1992004429A1 DE 9100715 W DE9100715 W DE 9100715W WO 9204429 A1 WO9204429 A1 WO 9204429A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
liquid
reactor
positively charged
negatively charged
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1991/000715
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen GRUNDMANN
Jürgen Lau
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1992004429A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992004429A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/005—Refining fats or fatty oils by wave energy or electric current, e.g. electrodialysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
    • B01D9/0004—Crystallisation cooling by heat exchange
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
    • B01D9/004—Fractional crystallisation; Fractionating or rectifying columns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
    • B01D9/005—Selection of auxiliary, e.g. for control of crystallisation nuclei, of crystal growth, of adherence to walls; Arrangements for introduction thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C5/00—Separating dispersed particles from liquids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C5/02—Separators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C5/00—Separating dispersed particles from liquids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C5/02—Separators
    • B03C5/022—Non-uniform field separators
    • B03C5/026—Non-uniform field separators using open-gradient differential dielectric separation, i.e. using electrodes of special shapes for non-uniform field creation, e.g. Fluid Integrated Circuit [FIC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C5/00—Separating dispersed particles from liquids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C5/02—Separators
    • B03C5/022—Non-uniform field separators
    • B03C5/028—Non-uniform field separators using travelling electric fields, i.e. travelling wave dielectrophoresis [TWD]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for separating undesired accompanying substances from liquids with little or no electrical conductivity, in particular from vegetable, animal and maritime oils and fats.
  • pre-cleaning represents a first process step, followed by such finishing steps as deacidification, bleaching and deodorization.
  • the purpose of the cleaning is to remove unwanted accompanying substances such as phosphatides, mucilages and other complex colloidal compounds which have a disadvantageous effect on further refining.
  • the preliminary cleaning therefore also takes place by means of a so-called degumming.
  • the procedure depends on the type of oil and the content of mucilages and phosphatides. For example, oils regularly have a phosphatide content of 100 to 500 mg / l, which should be reduced to a residual content of 4 to 7 mg / l before deacidification.
  • a further method is known in which, after hydrolysis has taken place, bleaching earth is added at moderate temperature and then heated to 140 to 170 ° C. under vacuum, so that the water evaporates. After cooling to approx. 100 ° C, the mixture of bleaching earth and mucilage is separated by filtration. Since the impurities still present inactivate the bleaching earth, relatively large amounts of bleaching earth must be used. This is associated with increased fat loss.
  • Another occasionally used method also presupposes the principle of hydrolysis.
  • B. lecithin is added.
  • the phases are separated using centrifuges. This process achieves residual contents of 5 to 17 mg / 1 and requires a further process step such as bleaching in order to achieve the low values mentioned at the beginning.
  • the separation of undesired accompanying substances such as fat accompanying substances also includes the removal of stearins in the course of fractional crystallization: in the oil and fat industry, crystallization processes are used to obtain liquid oils, special fats and for so-called winterization. Several stages are often carried out.
  • the known processes regularly work in such a way that crystals of the higher-melting components, such as glycerides, which are as large as possible and therefore easily filterable or separable, are produced and are then separated off from the so-called mother liquor in a further process step.
  • the crystal is produced in agitator tanks with suitable heating and cooling options.
  • the separation operation is generally carried out by filters, centrifuges, sieves, decanters and filter presses.
  • the quality of the crystals has an important influence on the separation operation. This is associated with great effort if the crystals have a broad distribution spectrum of the grain size or are of a soft consistency. In any case, the disadvantage of all crystallization processes is the dependence on the crystal form which can be obtained.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for separating undesired accompanying substances from liquids, in particular from vegetable, animal and maritime oils and fats, which is characterized by environmental friendliness and low energy expenditure, taking into account a simplified separation operation with a significantly reduced process time.
  • a simplified separation operation with a significantly reduced process time.
  • one is said to carry out of the method simple and functional device can be created.
  • the invention achieves this object in that, in the course of refining in the liquid to be treated, at least one positively charged electrode and one negatively charged electrode generate an electrostatic field of a predetermined field strength, and in that By crystallization onto the solid particles depositing one and / or other electrode after completion of the crystallization and the clarified liquid can be removed or removed separately.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that solid particles can be moved in a barely or non-conductive liquid with the aid of electrostatic forces. With solid / liquid separations of oils and fats it is e.g. B. solid fat accompanying substances and fat crystals, which can be moved in an electrostatic field relative to the surrounding liquid substance between positively and negatively charged electrodes.
  • the field strength can be set up in such a way that the attachment force of a crystal lattice site to an electrode becomes greater than the electrostatic field force. Then the solid particle in question remains stationary on this electrode.
  • This process can be demonstrated, for example, with butterfat or palm oil in an arrangement which corresponds in electrical design to a cylindrical capacitor with a central electrode. If the positive pole is applied to the central electrode at a field strength of approx. 1 KV / mm and the clear melt is cooled, then the solid phase or the solid article is deposited on the central electrode. After the crystallization has ended, the depleted liquid phase or the clarified oil can be removed from the
  • the solid phase or the solid particles remain on the central electrode and can be removed mechanically or by melting.
  • raw sunflower oil is cooled from approx. 70 ° C. in a field of 1 KV / mm to 20 ° C.
  • needle-shaped crystals are formed, which grow concentrically radially towards one another from both electrodes. If the field strength is reduced to 0.3 KV / mm and the temperature is lowered to 6 ° C, then the crystals are deposited on the outer electrode and remain stationary. The oil between the two electrodes is completely clear and can be removed. Storage of the oil cleaned in this way does not lead to precipitation of cloudy substances even over a long period at only 6 ° C. Surprisingly, dewaxing of sunflower oil is achieved. Furthermore, a chemical analysis shows that even undesired phosphatides have been removed.
  • the method according to the invention can be applied to all liquid substances if they have little or no electrical conductivity. It can be used for the purpose of refining liquid substances if substances dissolved therein can be converted into the solid state by supersaturation and these substances are to be separated from the mother liquor by immobilization. Areas of application for refining or cleaning are degumming, dewaxing, removal of foreign substances and natural accompanying substances such as waxes, sterols and cholesterol in, for example, sunflower oil, soap, shea fat (removal of isoprene.. Corn oil, cod liver oil, herring oil, mink, beef tallow, p : nmaiz, Wal ⁇ i, fish oil, wheat germ oil.
  • the invention recommends that by way of a frak ⁇ tioned crystallization by means of an electrostatic field of sufficient field strength a 'pendulum motion of the solid-solid particle between the electrodes produced relative to the liquid-resistance and the liquid is slowly cooled under field influence, and that, finally, solid particles deposited on one and / or other electrode are removed after the clarified or depleted liquid has been discharged.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that when the field strength is sufficiently high, a solid particle which touches one of the two electrodes charges to the potential of the electrode in question and is repelled at the same moment in the direction of the counter electrode.
  • the rapid pendulum movement between the electrodes relative to the liquid can advantageously be used instead of a bath movement generated by mechanical stirring for the exchange of heat and material and, moreover, leads to a homogeneous mixture.
  • the resulting crystals are oriented in the direction of the electric field lines and can be moved relative to the liquid phase at high field strengths. A much faster heat and mass transfer is achieved than with the otherwise usual stirring.
  • the melt is allowed to cool slowly with careful stirring in order to make it as large and easily filterable as possible
  • glyceridic oils and fats can be subjected to fractional crystallization in a particularly advantageous manner in order to obtain more usable solid or liquid parts. This applies, for example, to palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut fat, shea fat, cottonseed oil, olive oil, milk fat, beef tallow, lard, peanut oil, etc.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out not only batchwise, but also semi-continuously and continuously.
  • the invention also relates to a device which is particularly suitable for a functionally appropriate implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • This device is characterized by at least one reactor with liquid inlet and liquid outlet and a positively charged electrode and a negatively charged electrode in the reactor.
  • the procedure is such that the reactor is filled and then the separation and immobilization process is carried out by applying the appropriate field strength.
  • the liquid phase is removed from the reactor and the remaining solid phase is discharged mechanically or melted off by the application of heat.
  • Electrodes and reactor can be arranged horizontally or vertically. The horizontal arrangement is preferred if the holding force of the solid phase or solid particles on the electrodes is ⁇ e ⁇ ng and mechanical discharge is used.
  • the electrodes themselves can be adapted in terms of material and geometry to the requirements of the substances to be processed.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are first of all time to see that a drastic reduction in process time is achieved. This is because the recharging effect realized within the scope of the invention moves individual solid particles in the respective liquid.
  • an intensive mixing and stirring effect can be achieved.
  • the relative movement between the solid particles and the mother liquor is significantly improved, so that at the same time an optimized heat and material exchange is achieved on the crystallization front.
  • the separation operation is simplified considerably by immobilizing the solid phase.
  • the method according to the invention is also environmentally friendly because, in contrast to conventional methods, no auxiliaries are required which have to be disposed of. A chemical neutralization during fat refining can consequently be dispensed with. In fact, a substantially more environmentally friendly physical refining is achieved.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized by low energy consumption. Because the build-up of the necessary field forces requires minimal current strengths in the order of microamps. Heating and cooling operations are kept to a minimum. The expenditure on equipment is extremely low due to the elimination of filters or centrifuges. Finally, multi-stage arrangements with different temperature treatments and field strengths can be easily implemented.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention with a reactor and central electrode
  • Fig. 9 shows a hexagonal E. ⁇ trodenan extract with switchable center electrodes and
  • FIG. 10 shows a traveling field arrangement made of switchable electrodes.
  • a reactor 1 designed as a glass tube with liquid inlet 2 and liquid outlet 3 as well as a positively charged central electrode 4 which is surrounded by a negatively charged spiral electrode 5.
  • the center electrode 4 or coil electrode 5 can optionally be designed as a positively charged electrode.
  • the reactor is designed as a cylindrical tube 6 with a positively charged center electrode 4, the tube 6 forming the negatively charged electrode.
  • a reactor is realized with a positively charged center electrode 4, which is charged by negatively charged
  • Replacement sheet NEN electrodes 5 in a symmetrical distribution, for example polygonal distribution is surrounded.
  • a quadratic distribution, according to FIG. 4 a hexagonal distribution of the negatively charged electrodes 5 is provided.
  • FIG. 5 shows a reactor designed as a trough 7 for the liquid to be treated, with a disk 8 rotating in the trough 7 with a wiper 9 assigned to the disk 8, the trough 7 being the negatively charged electrode and the disk 8 being the form a positively charged electrode.
  • the reactor is designed as a tube 10 with a continuous endless chain 11 and the stripper 12 is assigned to the endless chain, the endless chain 11 carried through the tube 10 forming the positively charged electrode and the tube 10 forming the negatively charged electrode.
  • the endless chain 11 an endless wire can also be provided.
  • FIG. 7 shows a reactor which is designed as a screw housing 13 with screws 14 a, 14 b arranged in parallel and at a predetermined distance from one another and driven in opposite directions.
  • One screw 14a forms the positively charged electrode and the other screw 14b forms the negatively charged electrode, so that the solid particles are transported in the edge region of the screw spiral in the direction of the arrow.
  • FIGS. 2 to 7 are preferably suitable for a continuous mode of operation, according to which the solid particles are continuously removed from the reactor, while the liquid stream of the clarified liquid can be drawn off continuously.
  • a semi-continuous mode of operation can then be achieved, for example
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment according to which a plurality of reactors 1, each with a hexagonal arrangement of the negatively charged electrodes 5 and positively charged center electrode 4, are arranged in series.
  • the solid particles attached to the central electrodes 4 can be transported in the direction of the arrow.
  • the traveling field arrangement of electrodes 19 shown in FIG. 10 in which a plurality of electrodes arranged in at least three parallel rows is provided, of which the middle row has positively charged electrodes 20 and by shifting or Switching over the electrostatic field, the deposited solid particles can be transported in the direction of the arrow.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé permet de séparer des impuretés indésirables d'accompagnement contenues dans des huiles et graisses végétales, animales et maritimes. Pendant le raffinage ou la cristallisation fractionnée, un champ électrostatique est généré dans l'huile à traiter au moyen d'au moins une électrode à charge positive. Les particules solides qui se déposent sur l'une et/ou l'autre électrode au moyen d'une cristallisation sont mécaniquement éliminées une fois la cristallisation achevée. L'huile clarifiée ou appauvrie est évacuée.
PCT/DE1991/000715 1990-09-11 1991-09-05 Procede et dispositif de separation d'impuretes indesirbales d'accompagnement contenues dans des liquides a conductivite electrique reduite ou nulle Ceased WO1992004429A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4028805.6 1990-09-11
DE4028805A DE4028805A1 (de) 1990-09-11 1990-09-11 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennen von unerwuenschten begleitstoffen aus fluessigkeiten mit geringer oder ohne elektrische leitfaehigkeit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992004429A1 true WO1992004429A1 (fr) 1992-03-19

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PCT/DE1991/000715 Ceased WO1992004429A1 (fr) 1990-09-11 1991-09-05 Procede et dispositif de separation d'impuretes indesirbales d'accompagnement contenues dans des liquides a conductivite electrique reduite ou nulle

Country Status (3)

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CA (1) CA2091452A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4028805A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992004429A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999003591A1 (fr) * 1997-07-15 1999-01-28 ÖHMI FORSCHUNG UND INGENIEURTECHNIK GmbH Installation de purification de liquides non electroconducteurs, en particulier d'huiles vegetales
EP1108473A1 (fr) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-20 Prior Engineering Ag Appareil et méthode pour la séparation par diélectrophorèse
WO2001043880A1 (fr) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-21 Prior Engineering Ag Dispositif et procede pour separer des particules par dielectrophorese

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4344828A1 (de) * 1993-12-28 1995-06-29 Oehmi Forsch & Ingtech Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Feststoffpartikeln enthaltenden Flüssigkeiten

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB869367A (en) * 1956-07-09 1961-05-31 Commw Of Australia Separation of solid particles by electrophoretic means
US3304251A (en) * 1962-03-14 1967-02-14 Exxon Research Engineering Co Separation of wax from an oil dispersion using a non-uniform electric field
FR1533226A (fr) * 1967-01-24 1968-07-19 Manufactures De Carrelages Cer Procédé de raffermissement et séchage de pâtes céramiques
US4200509A (en) * 1978-12-22 1980-04-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for dewaxing refined vegetable oils for refrigerator clarity stability

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB869367A (en) * 1956-07-09 1961-05-31 Commw Of Australia Separation of solid particles by electrophoretic means
US3304251A (en) * 1962-03-14 1967-02-14 Exxon Research Engineering Co Separation of wax from an oil dispersion using a non-uniform electric field
FR1533226A (fr) * 1967-01-24 1968-07-19 Manufactures De Carrelages Cer Procédé de raffermissement et séchage de pâtes céramiques
US4200509A (en) * 1978-12-22 1980-04-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for dewaxing refined vegetable oils for refrigerator clarity stability

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 107, no. 13, 1987, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 114474R, M.K. BOLOGA ET AL: 'Recovery of waxy substances from oils in an electric field' Seite 532 ; siehe Zusammenfassung & ELEKTRON. OBRAB. MATER. Bd. 1, 1987, KISHINEV, USSR SA 50961 030Seiten 65 - 68; *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999003591A1 (fr) * 1997-07-15 1999-01-28 ÖHMI FORSCHUNG UND INGENIEURTECHNIK GmbH Installation de purification de liquides non electroconducteurs, en particulier d'huiles vegetales
DE19730331C1 (de) * 1997-07-15 1999-02-18 Oehmi Forsch & Ingtech Gmbh Anlage zur Reinigung von elektrisch nichtleitenden Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere Pflanzenölen
EP1108473A1 (fr) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-20 Prior Engineering Ag Appareil et méthode pour la séparation par diélectrophorèse
WO2001043880A1 (fr) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-21 Prior Engineering Ag Dispositif et procede pour separer des particules par dielectrophorese

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4028805A1 (de) 1992-03-12
CA2091452A1 (fr) 1992-03-12

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