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WO1991019819A1 - Procede et appareil de production d'acier - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de production d'acier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991019819A1
WO1991019819A1 PCT/CA1991/000188 CA9100188W WO9119819A1 WO 1991019819 A1 WO1991019819 A1 WO 1991019819A1 CA 9100188 W CA9100188 W CA 9100188W WO 9119819 A1 WO9119819 A1 WO 9119819A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
charge
controlled atmosphere
high temperature
gases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA1991/000188
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ghulam Nabi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU79745/91A priority Critical patent/AU7974591A/en
Publication of WO1991019819A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991019819A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
    • C21C5/567—Manufacture of steel by other methods operating in a continuous way
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for steel making.
  • it relates to a process by which liquid steel of various compositions can be produced without the separate stage of hot iron production.
  • steel may be made from raw materials comprising iron ore and coal without the need to use coke, pellets or sinter.
  • Steel has been manufactured for many years using variations of a conventional process in which iron ore and limestone are combined with coke and added continuously to a blast furnace where preheated air is added to facilitate combustion and create high heat. From the blast furnace, impurities are removed as slag and iron with a high carbon content is removed as molten metal. The molten iron is then further refined in a bessemer furnace, basic oxygen furnace, open hearth furnace or electric arc furnace (depending on the newness of the plant and the quality of steel required)
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET where excess carbon is removed and additives which effect the quality of steel are combined with the molten iron.
  • the molten steel is drawn off in batches and thereafter processed by rolling it into bars, pipes, plates, sheets, rails or structural shapes.
  • a reforming reactor which receives top gases from the steel making reactors, after dust removal and purification and converts them to high reduction potential gases which are returned to the steel making reactors to be burnt with preheated oxygen so as to produce the required intense heat and controlled reaction.
  • the iron ore and reductants such as coal
  • a controlled atmosphere reactor which may be an inclined, rotary, cylindrical shaft or a vertical shaft.
  • PSR potential shift reactor
  • the charge moves into a hood or conduit which serves as a potential shift reactor (PSR) which may be an inclined or preferably vertical conduit where it encounters increasing heat from rising gases and a reduction atmosphere, thus converting the carbonised sponge iron into a semi-molten state.
  • HTR high temperature reactor
  • BOF basic oxygen furnace
  • RR reforming reactor
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET The hot gases of the HTR rise and pass through the PSR and the CAR to provide heat. Any oxygen potential in the rising gases combine with carbon to provide additional heat and maintain the reduction atmosphere.
  • the top gases from the top end of the CAR are cleaned and conveyed to the RR for conversion to create additional fuel to the HTR.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a steel making plant incorporating the principles of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged, more detailed, schematic diagram of the steel making portions of the plant in Figure 1.
  • the hopper 2 is provided to receive and discharge crushed or granular iron ore in the form of magnetite (FE-O.) or hematite (FE-O ⁇ ) or any other economically exploitable iron ore.
  • FE-O. magnetite
  • FE-O ⁇ hematite
  • the hopper 4 is provided to receive and discharge granular or powdered coal to provide the basic reducing ingredient to the feed.
  • the hopper 6 is provided to receive and discharge sludge containing principally iron ore particles and coal and liquid condensates of coal. It may also handle other constituents necessary to refine the process or determine the type of steel ultimately produced.
  • pan mixer 8 which mixes the ingredients and provides to the conveyor 10 the basic charge to the reactors.
  • the conveyor 10 deposits the charge to a pair of sealed charging chambers 12 and 14 which are established in series and are capable of being sealed from the atmosphere to avoid escape of fumes from the reactors which will be discussed later.
  • the upper chamber 12 is adapted to receive a charge of ore and other ingredients and has a purging line 16 which will convey nitrogen to eliminate fumes from the chamber which can be conveyed to a flare as indicated.
  • a controllable seal is provided at 18 which will close to prevent the upward flow of gases from the lower chamber 14 and will open to allow the charge to travel down to the chamber 14.
  • the chamber 14 is also connected with the source of nitrogen 20 by means of a line 22 to equalize pressure in chambers 12 and 14 before the sealed closure 18 is opened and to avoid pressure surges.
  • a chute 24 is provided to allow the release of the charge from the lower chamber 14 into the upper inlet 26 of the controlled atmosphere reactor (CAR) 30.
  • CAR controlled atmosphere reactor
  • the CAR is a substantially horizontal but inclined, hollow, cylindrical drum, adapted to rotate about it's axis.
  • the rotation and inclination of the drum causes the charge to tumble and process from the entrance 26 through the drum to the outlet end 32 while undergoing exposure to heat and the reducing atmosphere of the CAR.
  • the CAR is provided with instruments to measure, analyze, record and control temperatures, flow rates and to activate alarms where necessary at various points in the reactor.
  • the CAR may also be provided with a source of oxygen to provide additional heat to the charge at an early stage.
  • the charge reaches the outlet end 32 of the CAR at a red hot temperature of about 1,100 degrees C, depending on the type of ore, and is monitored by a sampling apparatus 34 to monitor the iron, oxygen and carbon contents.
  • TCR meaning temperature control and recording
  • ACR meaning analysis control and recording of gases and coal input
  • FOR meaning flow rate control and recording
  • 0 C indicating oxygen input control
  • the charge enters the hood 36 which is connected by means of seals to the end of the rotary drum and connects by means of a seal 38 to a conduit 40 which leads to the high temperature reactor (HTR) 50.
  • the conduit 40 acts as a potential shift reactor (PSR). It is lined with refractories and cooled by stave type coolers or by external means. It has an elaborate monitoring system to record and control the composition of rising gases and falling materials, temperature, carbon, C0 2 , H 2 0, CO, H_, FE, C as indicated at 42 in the drawings.
  • ARSAH meaning analysis recording switch alarm high
  • ARSAL meaning analysis recording switch alarm low
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET Oxygen which is available from the source 44 can be conducted to the PSR by means of the line 46 which is provided with lime injection 47 and an oxygen preheater 48 before it is conducted to a coil structure within the high temperature zone of the PSR to further preheat the oxygen.
  • oxygen may be heated in an external furnace.
  • Gaseous hydrocarbons (natural gas) and coal fines may be introduced by the pipeline 51 (seen in Figure 2) to balance or create more reducing potential as required, as indicated by the instrument QCR (indicating quantity control and recording) .
  • the PSR conveys the charge to.
  • he high temperature reactor (HTR) 50 which is similar to a basic oxygen furnace. It comprises a vessel with a refractory lining and has means to tap or pour off the molten slag and the molten steel and a hole to draw steel samples for analysis.
  • HTR high temperature reactor
  • the HTR is a more or less conventional reactor except that it may be modified to cope with the high temperatures which may be encountered in this process. hese modifications might include the provision of internal cooling plates or external coils and the lining of the reactor may be acid or basic refractory material.
  • the HTR has a pair of charging chambers in series 52 to allow for the addition of solid and gaseous ingredients or alloying material in order to produce different types of steel.
  • the sealed charging chambers allow the additives to be inserted into the HTR in the gaseous, slag, or liquid metal phase of the reactor while maintaining the system substantially closed to the atmosphere.
  • the alloying materials may be in the form of particulate ores or pure substances.
  • the necessary heat and the reducing atmosphere of the HTR are provided by reducing gas conveyed by line 54 from the gas reforming reactors (RR) 60 which are shown only in Figure 1.
  • the oxygen of combustion is provided through the line 46, preheated as mentioned above, to the HTR at the inlet 56 of which there are several spaced around the periphery of the vessel.
  • the multiple inlets for reduction gases are kept separate from oxygen inlets.
  • tuyers for the admission of reformed gas or oxygen may be of the water cooled plasma arc design. Iron oxides will be reduced to iron which, with alloys, will produce steel and silica will form slag with other ingredients.
  • the oxydizing conditions in the reactor plus CaO which can be inserted into the 0 line 46 at 47 shown in Figure 1, will remove phosphorous from the molten metal while reducing conditions and CaO additive will remove sulphur.
  • Complex high melting ores like titaniferous magnetite can be treated in the reactor. Iron will go to the liquid metal phase leaving the titanium rich slag which can be separated for titanium recovery. As nitrogen is excluded from the furnace, titanium nitride will not be formed.
  • SUBSTITUTE The actual slag composition depends upon the ore and coal composition, the lining of the furnace, and the working atmosphere in the HTR.
  • the combustion production gases in the middle of the HTR have an oxidizing potential, then as they rise in the hood or PSR, they will meet with downward falling carbon and carbonized sponge so that the oxygen is first consumed producing higher temperatures but subsequently will lose heat in the counter falling sponge, iron, solid carbon and in chemical heat to the endother ic reaction, thus producing high reduction potential gases.
  • the reduction potential of the rising gases will be further increased.
  • FeO + Co Fe + CO.
  • FeO + H, Fe + H 2 0
  • the "top gas” is treated in a cyclone apparatus (which includes a heat exchanger to recover heat energy which can be used in steam electric generation) 70 to remove dust, which includes iron ore, coal and gasified metals (which are recycled to the CAR by line 71 in Figure 1) or the dust can be treated for the recovery of volatile metals if economically feasible.
  • the gas is then conveyed to a gas scrubber 72 where it is treated with a water spray to remove any additional dust which is collected as sludge in the settling tank 74 and eventually returned to the hopper 6.
  • the gas is then processed through an electro-static precipitator 76, a sulphur recovery apparatus 78, and a C0 2 recovery apparatus 80.
  • the clean gas is then conveyed to one of a pair of gas reforming reactors 60 shown only in Figure 1.
  • Reformer Reactor can be a single unit tubular reformer or multiple units working in sequence as shown in the present embodiment.
  • a steel plant may be constructed in which various types of iron ore are charged to the reactors with a controlled and variable amount of coal and other ingredients so that they are exposed to a controlled atmosphere reactor, a potential shift reactor and a high temperature reactor in continuous sequence and result in the desired steel product while gases from the reforming reactors are added to oxygen, which is pre-heated with other ingredients such as lime to the high temperature reactor and travel upwards through the PSR to the CAR to cause the heating and reduction of the incoming charge.
  • the top gases from the CAR are then recycled through dust cleaners, precipitators, sulphur recovery, C0 2 recovery and are passed through the RR to regenerate with the addition of variable and controlled amounts of natural gas, coal, oxygen, etc. to form the fuel of the high temperature reactor.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET The four reactors referred to are intended to provide a closed loop, substantially sealed system and it is contemplated that the pressures within the system will be positive and will amount to approximately four to five atmospheres in the reformers and the reformed gas and oxygen feed to the high temperature furnace, approximately three atmospheres in the PSR and approximately two to three atmospheres in the CAR.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à un procédé et un appareil qui permettent de produire l'acier de différentes compositions à partir de minerai de fer et de charbon en une série d'étapes sans passer par la production intermédiaire de fer liquide. Un réacteur de reformage reçoit des gaz de haut-fourneau à partir de réacteurs de production d'acier, et les convertit en gaz à potentiel de réduction poussé qui sont retournés aux réacteurs de production d'acier. Le minerai de fer et des agents de réduction, tels que du charbon, sont alimentés dans un réacteur à atmosphère contrôlée qui peut être une cuve cylindrique rotative. La charge est déplacée à partir du réacteur à atmosphère contrôlée à un réacteur de déplacement potentiel incliné ou vertical et est soumise à une chaleur croissante et des gaz de remontée afin de convertir l'éponge carbonisée à un état semi-fondu. La charge passe alors à un réacteur à température élevée où elle rencontre des gaz de réduction provenant du réacteur de reformage et de l'oxygène préchauffé servant à produire la température à laquelle l'acier est produit. Des gaz chauds provenant du réacteur à température élevée passent à travers le réacteur de déplacement potentiel et le réacteur à atmosphère contrôlée et sont retournés aux réacteurs de reformage pour compléter le cycle.
PCT/CA1991/000188 1990-06-14 1991-06-05 Procede et appareil de production d'acier Ceased WO1991019819A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU79745/91A AU7974591A (en) 1990-06-14 1991-06-05 Method and apparatus for steel making

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002019050A CA2019050C (fr) 1990-06-14 1990-06-14 Methode et appareil de fabrication de l'acier
CA2,019,505 1990-06-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991019819A1 true WO1991019819A1 (fr) 1991-12-26

Family

ID=4145237

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA1991/000188 Ceased WO1991019819A1 (fr) 1990-06-14 1991-06-05 Procede et appareil de production d'acier

Country Status (3)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH04231409A (fr)
CA (1) CA2019050C (fr)
WO (1) WO1991019819A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2452712A (en) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-18 Yadollah Saboohi Use of a cyclonic heat exchanger in the production of sponge iron

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1551465A (en) * 1925-08-25 Ahfbed brttuinghatts
GB1067805A (en) * 1965-11-08 1967-05-03 Shell Int Research Method for the preparation of iron or steel from ores
GB1089060A (en) * 1965-09-30 1967-11-01 Shell Int Research Process for recovery of iron from ore
EP0126391A1 (fr) * 1983-05-18 1984-11-28 Klöckner Cra Patent Gmbh Procédé de production de fer
US4701214A (en) * 1986-04-30 1987-10-20 Midrex International B.V. Rotterdam Method of producing iron using rotary hearth and apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1551465A (en) * 1925-08-25 Ahfbed brttuinghatts
GB1089060A (en) * 1965-09-30 1967-11-01 Shell Int Research Process for recovery of iron from ore
GB1067805A (en) * 1965-11-08 1967-05-03 Shell Int Research Method for the preparation of iron or steel from ores
EP0126391A1 (fr) * 1983-05-18 1984-11-28 Klöckner Cra Patent Gmbh Procédé de production de fer
US4701214A (en) * 1986-04-30 1987-10-20 Midrex International B.V. Rotterdam Method of producing iron using rotary hearth and apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2452712A (en) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-18 Yadollah Saboohi Use of a cyclonic heat exchanger in the production of sponge iron

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH04231409A (ja) 1992-08-20
CA2019050C (fr) 1997-10-14
CA2019050A1 (fr) 1991-12-14

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