WO1991013183A1 - Semi-finished product made of copper or a copper alloy with carbon additive - Google Patents
Semi-finished product made of copper or a copper alloy with carbon additive Download PDFInfo
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- WO1991013183A1 WO1991013183A1 PCT/EP1991/000356 EP9100356W WO9113183A1 WO 1991013183 A1 WO1991013183 A1 WO 1991013183A1 EP 9100356 W EP9100356 W EP 9100356W WO 9113183 A1 WO9113183 A1 WO 9113183A1
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- the invention relates to semi-finished products made of copper or a copper alloy according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Semi-finished products made of copper alloys with zinc and lead are widely used for the production of parts in which cutting work, such as turning, drilling and milling, has to be carried out. These alloys usually contain between 5 and 40% zinc, as well as between 0.1 and 4% lead, the rest copper.
- the lead content acts as a chip breaker and facilitates the economical processing of semi-finished products in the form of tubes, rods, sheets or strips made of the above-mentioned alloys into small parts.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a semifinished product of the type mentioned made of a copper material suitable for machining work, which is hygienically perfect and, in particular, can also be produced economically.
- the copper or copper alloy contains 0.01-10% carbon, preferably 0.01-2% carbon (the percentages relate to the weight). It has surprisingly been found that the addition of lead can be dispensed with entirely if carbon is added to the usual copper alloys instead of lead. It is known that carbon admixtures have a favorable influence on the sliding behavior of sintered bodies based on copper, but all previously known carbon-containing alloys have not been developed for use as semi-finished products but only for use as sliding elements such as sliding bearings, sliding rails and the like (cf. DE-PS 2.545.876 Only processes of powder metallurgy are mentioned as production processes for these mixtures - such as producing a powder mixture, pressing and sintering this mixture to produce individual parts. This route is expensive and is only suitable for a few special products, but not for such mass products, as they are made today from the lead-containing brass materials in large numbers and variety.
- the copper or the copper alloy contains the carbon in the form of graphite or soot particles, the size of which is preferably in the range from approximately 0.01 to 1500 ⁇ m.
- the lower grain size range is preferably covered by soot, the upper by graphite. If soot is used in pre-agglomerated form, the average size of the agglomerates is between about 10 and 1500 ⁇ m.
- brass and bronze alloys are preferably used for machining work, but the application of the invention to other copper alloys is readily possible if required.
- a brass alloy contains in particular 1 to 45% zinc, aluminum (maximum 10%), nickel (maximum 20%), tin (maximum 6%) silicon (maximum 4%), iron (maximum 2%) are recommended as optional components or in combination. ), Manganese (maximum 8%).
- Other optional components that can be added individually and in combination to achieve special strength properties are chromium, zirconium, titanium, magnesium, phosphorus, antimony (in each case a maximum of 1%).
- a bronze alloy contains in particular 0.1 to 12% tin, al optional components individually or in combination, such as zinc (maximum 6%), nickel (maximum 5%), iron (maximum 4%) and other optional components for setting special properties the elements phosphorus, chrome, zirconium, titanium, magnesium (each up to a maximum of 1%).
- An aluminum bronze contains in particular 1 to 10% aluminum and, as optional components, individually or in combination iron (maximum 5%), nickel (maximum 8%), silicon (maximum 4%), mang (maximum 5%), tin (maximum 3%) as well as other optional components chrome, titanium, zircon, magnesium, phosphorus, up to a maximum of 1% individually or in combination.
- a low-alloy copper alloy contains either individually or in combination phosphorus (maximum 0.5%), iron (maximum 4%), tin (maximum 3%), nickel (maximum 4%), silicon (maximum 2%), chromium (maximum 2%), cobalt (maximum 2%), berylliu (maximum 2%) and, as further optional components, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, manganese, arsenic, zinc up to a maximum of 1% individually or in combination.
- the above-mentioned semifinished products according to the invention can then be produced with the hot and cold forming equipment available in many semifinished factories if the blanks required for the production, that is to say pressing bolts for the shaping on extrusion presses or slabs for hot rolling, are produced economically Prepress stage ready.
- the spray compacting method is preferably used for this preliminary stage (cf. EP-OS 0.198.613).
- a melt is broken down into droplets by a gas jet in a suitable nozzle, and the drops are collected on a base to form a solid body.
- Dispersion particles can be introduced into the melt droplet jet and solid bolts and slabs with dispersed particles can be produced in this way.
- a protective gas or gas mixture protecting against oxidation is preferably used.
- carbon particles are blown into the melt droplet jet of a carbon-free copper or a carbon-free copper alloy directed onto a base.
- the particles can consist of carbon black or graphite powder.
- Pre-agglomeration of the soot particles into a more free-flowing spherical shape is particularly useful in the case of soot.
- the soot or graphite particles are metered into the auxiliary gas jet either via a mechanical metering device (eg screw) or via a vibrating trough.
- a protective gas or a gas mixture protecting against oxidation is expediently used again as the carrier gas for the particles.
- a certain inclination of the central line of the jet cones formed with respect to one another is important.
- the angle of inclination between the two central lines of the beam cone is between 10 ° and 90 °, preferably between 20 "and 70 °.
- the carbon particles can also be introduced by mechanical means into the melt droplet jet of a carbon-free copper or a carbon-free copper alloy directed onto a base.
- the semifinished products according to the invention are preferably used for the production of parts in which machining work has to be carried out. These include in particular drilling, turning or milling parts such as fittings, threads, clock parts, pins, etc.
- Fig. 1 shows the principle of spray compacting
- a spray compacting chamber 1 On the top of a spray compacting chamber 1 is a crucible with a copper-zinc melt 3, which contains 30% zinc, the rest copper contains in addition to the technically usual impurities, set and introduced the melt 3 through a stopper valve 2 'in a nozzle 4.
- the atomizing gas 5 hits the melt 3 and breaks down the spray into a conical droplet jet 6.
- the droplet jet 6 hits a rotating base 7, which can be part of a bolt, for example, and solidifies there. 8 kg of melt per hour are passed through the nozzle 4.
- a jet 10 of spherically agglomerated soot particles with an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m is blown into the trajectory of the droplet jet 6 via a metering nozzle 8 (two possible positions are shown) through a gas stream 9.
- the auxiliary gas jet 10 transports 4 kg of soot particles per hour into the atomization chamber 1.
- a bolt is then formed, which contains 0.36% carbon
- FIG. 2 shows the angle of inclination ⁇ between the center line 6 'of the melt droplet jet 6 and the center line 10' of the particle jet 10 (auxiliary gas jet).
- the blanks in the form of bolts or slabs explained using the example still have a certain residual porosity of at most 5%.
- This residual porosity is reduced by the subsequent hot and cold forming steps (such as extrusion, hot rolling, cold rolling and drawing), so that in relation to the known sintered bodies with high porosity, a dense, mechanically highly stressable semi-finished product is produced.
- the usual admixtures are sawn to the required length after removal from the compression device and pressed in a continuous press, for example to form a brass rod.
- the pressing temperature is chosen between 650 and 750 ° C.
- the brass rod has an outer diameter of 20 mm, for example. When pressed, the rod has strength values between 320 and 400 N / mm 2 and a Brinell hardness of approximately 72 to 105 HB.
- a section of the bar is subjected to a forehead turning test on a lathe with a conventional swivel chair. This creates short, tangy chips.
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Abstract
Description
Halbzeug aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung mit Kohlenstoffzusatz Semi-finished products made of copper or a copper alloy with added carbon
Die Erfindung betrifft Halbzeug aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferle¬ gierung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to semi-finished products made of copper or a copper alloy according to the preamble of claim 1.
Halbzeuge aus Kupferlegierungen mit Zink und Blei werden ver¬ breitet für die Herstellung von solchen Teilen eingesetzt, bei welchen Zerspanungsarbeiten, wie Drehen, Bohren und Fräsen durchgeführt werden müssen. Diese Legierungen enthalten in der Regel zwischen 5 und 40% Zink, sowie zwischen 0,1 und 4% Blei, Rest Kupfer. Der Bleigehalt wirkt als Spanbrecher und erleichte die wirtschaftliche Bearbeitung von Halbzeug in Form von Rohren Stangen, Blechen oder Bändern aus den genannten Legierungen zu Kleinteilen.Semi-finished products made of copper alloys with zinc and lead are widely used for the production of parts in which cutting work, such as turning, drilling and milling, has to be carried out. These alloys usually contain between 5 and 40% zinc, as well as between 0.1 and 4% lead, the rest copper. The lead content acts as a chip breaker and facilitates the economical processing of semi-finished products in the form of tubes, rods, sheets or strips made of the above-mentioned alloys into small parts.
Aus hygienischen Gründen wird versucht, den Bleigehalt bei solchen Teilen zu begrenzen, welche z.B. mit Trinkwasser in Versorgungsleitungen usw. in Berührung kommen. Innerhalb der Kupfer-Halbzeug-Industrie wurden viele Überlegungen aufgenommen die Gefahr der Aufnahme des Bleis in das Trinkwasser aus solche Teilen einzuschränken oder zu vermeiden. Eine gewisse Einschrän kung soll z.B. durch eine Absenkung des Bleigehalts in den Legierungen erreicht werden, wobei eine gewisse Erschwernis der Zerspanύngsarbeiten durch schlechte Spanbildung in Kauf genomme würde.For hygienic reasons, attempts are made to limit the lead content in those parts which e.g. come into contact with drinking water in supply lines etc. Within the semi-finished copper industry, many considerations have been taken to limit or avoid the risk of lead being included in drinking water from such parts. A certain limitation should e.g. can be achieved by lowering the lead content in the alloys, whereby a certain complication of the cutting work would be accepted due to poor chip formation.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Halbzeug der genannten Art aus einem für Zerspanungsarbeiten geeigneten Kupferwerkstof bereitzustellen, das hygienisch einwandfrei ist und sich insbe¬ sondere auch wirtschaftlich herstellen läßt.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a semifinished product of the type mentioned made of a copper material suitable for machining work, which is hygienically perfect and, in particular, can also be produced economically.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das Kupf oder die Kupferlegierung 0,01 - 10% Kohlenstoff, vorzugsweise 0,01 - 2% Kohlenstoff, enthält (Die Prozentangaben beziehen sic dabei auf das Gewicht). Es hat sich überraschenderweise herausgestellt, daß auf den Bleizusatz ganz verzichtet werden kann, wenn man den üblichen Kupferlegierungen anstelle von Blei Kohlenstoff beigibt. Es ist zwar bekannt, daß Kohlenstoffbeimengungen das Gleitver¬ halten von Sinterkörpern auf Kupferbasis günstig beeinflussen, alle bisher bekannten kohlenstoffhaltigen Legierungen sind aber nicht für den Einsatz als Halbzeuge sondern lediglich für den Einsatz als Gleitelemente wie Gleitlager, Gleitschienen und ähnliches entwickelt worden (vgl. beispielsweise DE-PS 2.545.876 Als Fertigungsverfahren für diese Gemische sind ausschließlich Verfahren der Pulvermetallurgie genannt - wie Herstellen einer Pulvermischung, Pressen und Sintern dieser Mischung zu fertigen Einzelteilen. Dieser Weg ist teuer und nur für wenige Spezialpro dukte geeignet, nicht aber für solche Massenerzeugnisse, wie sie heute aus den bleihaltigen Messing-Werkstoffen in großer Zahl un Vielfalt gefertigt werden.This object is achieved in that the copper or copper alloy contains 0.01-10% carbon, preferably 0.01-2% carbon (the percentages relate to the weight). It has surprisingly been found that the addition of lead can be dispensed with entirely if carbon is added to the usual copper alloys instead of lead. It is known that carbon admixtures have a favorable influence on the sliding behavior of sintered bodies based on copper, but all previously known carbon-containing alloys have not been developed for use as semi-finished products but only for use as sliding elements such as sliding bearings, sliding rails and the like (cf. DE-PS 2.545.876 Only processes of powder metallurgy are mentioned as production processes for these mixtures - such as producing a powder mixture, pressing and sintering this mixture to produce individual parts. This route is expensive and is only suitable for a few special products, but not for such mass products, as they are made today from the lead-containing brass materials in large numbers and variety.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungεform der Erfindung enthält das Kupfer oder die Kupferlegierung den Kohlenstoff in Form von Graphit - oder Rußpartikeln, deren Größe vorzugsweise im Bereich von etwa 0,01 bis 1500 μm liegt. Der untere Kόrngrößenbereich wird dabei vorzugsweise von Ruß, der obere von Graphit belegt. Wird Ruß in voragglomerierter Form eingesetzt, so liegt auch hie die mittlere Größe der Agglomerate zwischen etwa 10 und 1500 μm.According to a special embodiment of the invention, the copper or the copper alloy contains the carbon in the form of graphite or soot particles, the size of which is preferably in the range from approximately 0.01 to 1500 μm. The lower grain size range is preferably covered by soot, the upper by graphite. If soot is used in pre-agglomerated form, the average size of the agglomerates is between about 10 and 1500 μm.
Erfindungsgemäß kommen vorzugsweise Messing- und Bronzelegie¬ rungen für Zerspanungsarbeiten zum Einsatz, jedoch ist die Anwendung der Erfindung auf andere Kupferlegierungen bei Bedarf ohne weiteres möglich.According to the invention, brass and bronze alloys are preferably used for machining work, but the application of the invention to other copper alloys is readily possible if required.
Eine Messinglegierung enthält insbesondre 1 bis 45% Zink, als Wahlkomponenten einzeln oder in Kombination empfehlen sich Aluminium (maximal 10%), Nickel (maximal 20%), Zinn (maximal 6%) Silizium (maximal 4%), Eisen (maximal 2%), Mangan (maximal 8%). Weitere Wahlkomponenten, welche zur Erzielung besonderer Festig- keitseigenschaften einzeln und in Kombination zugegeben werden können, sind Chrom, Zirkon, Titan, Magnesium, Phosphor, Antimon (jeweils maximal 1%). Eine Bronzelegierung enthält insbesondere 0,1 bis 12% Zinn, al Wahlkomponenten einzeln oder in Kombination empfehlen sich hie Zink (maximal 6%), Nickel (maximal 5%), Eisen (maximal 4%) sow als weitere Wahlkomponenten zur Einstellung besonderer Eigen¬ schaften die Elemente Phosphor, Chrom, Zirkon, Titan, Magnesiu (jeweils maximal 1%).A brass alloy contains in particular 1 to 45% zinc, aluminum (maximum 10%), nickel (maximum 20%), tin (maximum 6%) silicon (maximum 4%), iron (maximum 2%) are recommended as optional components or in combination. ), Manganese (maximum 8%). Other optional components that can be added individually and in combination to achieve special strength properties are chromium, zirconium, titanium, magnesium, phosphorus, antimony (in each case a maximum of 1%). A bronze alloy contains in particular 0.1 to 12% tin, al optional components individually or in combination, such as zinc (maximum 6%), nickel (maximum 5%), iron (maximum 4%) and other optional components for setting special properties the elements phosphorus, chrome, zirconium, titanium, magnesium (each up to a maximum of 1%).
Eine Aluminiumbronze enthält insbesondere 1 bis 10% Aluminium sowie als Wahlkomponenten einzeln oder in Kombination Eisen (maximal 5%), Nickel (maximal 8%), Silizium (maximal 4%), Mang (maximal 5%), Zinn (maximal 3%) sowie als weitere Wahlkomponen Chrom, Titan, Zirkon, Magnesium, Phosphor, bis maximal 1% einze oder in Kombination.An aluminum bronze contains in particular 1 to 10% aluminum and, as optional components, individually or in combination iron (maximum 5%), nickel (maximum 8%), silicon (maximum 4%), mang (maximum 5%), tin (maximum 3%) as well as other optional components chrome, titanium, zircon, magnesium, phosphorus, up to a maximum of 1% individually or in combination.
Eine niedriglegierte Kupferlegierung enthält als Wahlkomponente einzeln oder in Kombination Phosphor (maximal 0,5%), Eisen (maximal 4%), Zinn (maximal 3%), Nickel (maximal 4%), Silizium (maximal 2%), Chrom (maximal 2%), Kobalt (maximal 2%), Berylliu (maximal 2%) sowie als weitere Wahlkomponenten Titan, Zirkon, Magnesium, Mangan, Arsen, Zink bis maximal 1% einzeln oder in Kombination.A low-alloy copper alloy contains either individually or in combination phosphorus (maximum 0.5%), iron (maximum 4%), tin (maximum 3%), nickel (maximum 4%), silicon (maximum 2%), chromium (maximum 2%), cobalt (maximum 2%), berylliu (maximum 2%) and, as further optional components, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, manganese, arsenic, zinc up to a maximum of 1% individually or in combination.
Die oben erwähnten erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeuge können dann mit den in vielen Halbzeugwerken vorhandenen Einrichtungen zur Warm und Kaltumformung hergestellt werden, wenn die für die Herstel¬ lung benötigten Rohlinge, also Preßbolzen für die Umformung auf Strangpressen bzw. Brammen für das Warmwalzen, aus einer wirt¬ schaftlichen Vorstufe der Fertigung bereitstehen.The above-mentioned semifinished products according to the invention can then be produced with the hot and cold forming equipment available in many semifinished factories if the blanks required for the production, that is to say pressing bolts for the shaping on extrusion presses or slabs for hot rolling, are produced economically Prepress stage ready.
Für diese Vorstufe wird vorzugsweise das Verfahren der Sprüh- kompaktierung eingesetzt (vgl. EP-OS 0.198.613). Bei dieser Methode wird eine Schmelze durch einen Gasstrahl in einer geeig neten Düse in Tröpfchen zerlegt und die Tropfen auf einer Unter lage wieder zu einem massiven Körper gesammelt. In den Schmelz¬ tröpfchenstrahl lassen sich Dispersionspartikel einbringen und auf diese Weise massive Bolzen und Brammen mit dispergierten Teilchen erzeugen. Zur Zerstäubung der Schmelze wird dabei vorzugsweise ein vor Oxidation schützendes Schutzgas oder Gasge misch verwendet. Erfindungsgemäß werden in den auf eine Unterlage gerichteten Schmelzetröpfchenstrahl eines kohlenstofffreien Kupfers oder einer kohlenstofffreien Kupferlegierung Kohlenstoffpartikel eingeblasen. Die Partikel können aus Ruß oder Graphitpulver bestehen. Besonders bei Ruß ist eine Voragglomerierung der Rußpartikel in eine besser rieselfähige kugelige Form sinnvoll. Die Zudosierung der Ruß- oder Graphitpartikel in den Hilfsgas- strahl geschieht entweder über eine mechanische Dosiervorrichtun (z.B. Schnecke) oder über eine Rüttelrinne. Als Trägergas für di Partikel wird zweckmäßigerweise wieder ein Schutzgas oder ein vo Oxidation schützendes Gasgemisch benutzt.The spray compacting method is preferably used for this preliminary stage (cf. EP-OS 0.198.613). In this method, a melt is broken down into droplets by a gas jet in a suitable nozzle, and the drops are collected on a base to form a solid body. Dispersion particles can be introduced into the melt droplet jet and solid bolts and slabs with dispersed particles can be produced in this way. To atomize the melt, a protective gas or gas mixture protecting against oxidation is preferably used. According to the invention, carbon particles are blown into the melt droplet jet of a carbon-free copper or a carbon-free copper alloy directed onto a base. The particles can consist of carbon black or graphite powder. Pre-agglomeration of the soot particles into a more free-flowing spherical shape is particularly useful in the case of soot. The soot or graphite particles are metered into the auxiliary gas jet either via a mechanical metering device (eg screw) or via a vibrating trough. A protective gas or a gas mixture protecting against oxidation is expediently used again as the carrier gas for the particles.
Um eine gute Vermengung des Partikelstrahles mit dem Tröpfchen- strahl zu erreichen, ist eine bestimmte Neigung der Zentrallinie der gebildeten Strahlkegel zueinander wichtig. Der Neigungswinke zwischen den beiden Zentrallinien der Strahlkegel beträgt zwi¬ schen 10° und 90°, vorzugsweise zwischen 20" und 70°.In order to achieve a good mixing of the particle jet with the droplet jet, a certain inclination of the central line of the jet cones formed with respect to one another is important. The angle of inclination between the two central lines of the beam cone is between 10 ° and 90 °, preferably between 20 "and 70 °.
Nach einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung können die Kohlenstoffpartikel auch durch mechanische Mittel in den auf ein Unterlage gerichteten Schmelzetröpfchenstrahl eines kohlenstoff¬ freien Kupfers oder einer kohlenstofffreien Kupferlegierung eingebracht werden.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the carbon particles can also be introduced by mechanical means into the melt droplet jet of a carbon-free copper or a carbon-free copper alloy directed onto a base.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeuge werden bevorzugt zur Herstellung solcher Teile verwendet, bei denen Zerspanungsarbeiten durchge¬ führt werden müssen. Hierzu zählen insbesondere Bohr-, Dreh- ode Frästeile wie beispielsweise Armaturen-, Gewinde-, Uhrenteile, Stifte usw.The semifinished products according to the invention are preferably used for the production of parts in which machining work has to be carried out. These include in particular drilling, turning or milling parts such as fittings, threads, clock parts, pins, etc.
Die Erfindung wird anhand des folgenden Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigtThe invention is explained in more detail using the following exemplary embodiment. It shows
Fig. 1 das Prinzip des Sprühkompaktierens undFig. 1 shows the principle of spray compacting and
Fig. 2 im vergrößerten Maßstab schematisch die Neigung von Schmelztröpfchenstrahl 6 und Partikelstrahl 10.2 schematically, on an enlarged scale, the inclination of melt droplet jet 6 and particle jet 10.
Auf die Oberseite einer Spruhkompaktierkammer 1 wird ein Tiegel mit einer Kupfer-Zink-Schmelze 3, welche 30% Zink, Rest Kupfer neben den technisch üblichen Verunreinigungen enthält, aufgeset und die Schmelze 3 über ein Stopfenventil 2' in eine Düse 4 eingeführt. In der Düse 4 trifft das Zerstäubungsgas 5 auf die Schmelze 3 und zerlegt den Sch elzestrahl in einen kegelförmige Tröpfchenstrahl 6. Der Tropfchenstrahl 6 trifft auf eine sich drehende Unterlage 7, welche z.B. der Teil eines gebildeten Bolzens sein kann, und erstarrt dort. Durch die Düse 4 werden 8 kg Schmelze pro Stunde geleitet.On the top of a spray compacting chamber 1 is a crucible with a copper-zinc melt 3, which contains 30% zinc, the rest copper contains in addition to the technically usual impurities, set and introduced the melt 3 through a stopper valve 2 'in a nozzle 4. In the nozzle 4, the atomizing gas 5 hits the melt 3 and breaks down the spray into a conical droplet jet 6. The droplet jet 6 hits a rotating base 7, which can be part of a bolt, for example, and solidifies there. 8 kg of melt per hour are passed through the nozzle 4.
In die Flugbahn des Tröpfchenstrahls 6 wird über eine Dosierdüs 8 (eingezeichnet sind zwei mögliche Positionen) durch einen Gasstrom 9 ein Strahl 10 aus kugelig agglomerierten Rußpartikel mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 200 μm eingeblasen. Der Hilfs¬ gasstrahl 10 transportiert 4 kg Rußpartikel pro Stunde in die Zerstäubungskammer 1.A jet 10 of spherically agglomerated soot particles with an average particle size of 200 μm is blown into the trajectory of the droplet jet 6 via a metering nozzle 8 (two possible positions are shown) through a gas stream 9. The auxiliary gas jet 10 transports 4 kg of soot particles per hour into the atomization chamber 1.
Kurz über der Erstarrungszone vermengen sich die beiden StrahlenThe two jets merge just above the solidification zone
6, 10, so daß die 4 kg/h Rußpartikel gleichmäßig in die von oben zuströmenden 400 kg/h Metalltröpfchen eingemischt werden. Die6, 10, so that the 4 kg / h soot particles are evenly mixed into the 400 kg / h metal droplets flowing in from above. The
Ausbeute der Schmelze beträgt 80%, die des eingeblasenen RußesYield of the melt is 80%, that of the injected soot
60%.60%.
Es bildet sich dann ein Bolzen, welcher 0,36% Kohlenstoff inA bolt is then formed, which contains 0.36% carbon
Partikelform enthält.Contains particle shape.
Fig. 2 zeigt den Neigungswinkel^ zwischen der Zentrallinie 6' des Schmelzetröpfchenstrahls 6 und der Zentrallinie 10' des Partikelstrahls 10 (Hilfsgasstrahl).FIG. 2 shows the angle of inclination ^ between the center line 6 'of the melt droplet jet 6 and the center line 10' of the particle jet 10 (auxiliary gas jet).
Die anhand des Beispiels erläuterten Rohlinge in Bolzen- oder Brammenform haben noch eine gewisse Restporosität von höchstens 5%. Durch die nachfolgenden Warm- und Kaltumformschritte (wie Strangpressen, Warmwalzen, Kaltwalzen und Ziehen) wird diese Restporosität abgebaut, so daß im Verhältnis zu den bekannten Sinterkörpern mit hoher Porosität ein dichtes, mechanisch hoch beanspruchbares Halbzeug entsteht.The blanks in the form of bolts or slabs explained using the example still have a certain residual porosity of at most 5%. This residual porosity is reduced by the subsequent hot and cold forming steps (such as extrusion, hot rolling, cold rolling and drawing), so that in relation to the known sintered bodies with high porosity, a dense, mechanically highly stressable semi-finished product is produced.
Der entsprechend dem o.g. Beispiel gefertigte Strangpreßbolzen mit 0,36% Kohlenstoff, 29,9% Zink, Rest Kupfer und technisch üblichen Beimengungen wird nach Entnahme aus der Verdichtungsvor richtung auf die erforderliche Länge gesägt und in einer Strang¬ presse z.B. zu einer Messingstange verpreßt. Die Verpressungstem peratur wird zwischen 650 und 750°C gewählt. Die Messingstange hat z.B. einen Außendurchmesser von 20 mm. Im gepreßten Zustand weist die Stange Festigkeitswerte zwischen 320 und 400 N/mm2 und eine Brinell-Härte von etwa 72 bis 105 HB auf. Ein Abschnitt der Stange wird auf einer Drehbank mit einem Drehstuhl üblicher Ausführung einem Stirn-Drehversuch unterworfen. Hierbei entstehe kurze, spritzige Späne. The extrusion bolt made according to the above example with 0.36% carbon, 29.9% zinc, the rest copper and technical The usual admixtures are sawn to the required length after removal from the compression device and pressed in a continuous press, for example to form a brass rod. The pressing temperature is chosen between 650 and 750 ° C. The brass rod has an outer diameter of 20 mm, for example. When pressed, the rod has strength values between 320 and 400 N / mm 2 and a Brinell hardness of approximately 72 to 105 HB. A section of the bar is subjected to a forehead turning test on a lathe with a conventional swivel chair. This creates short, tangy chips.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI915154A FI915154A0 (en) | 1990-03-01 | 1991-02-26 | HALVFABRIKAT AV KOPPAR ELLER KOPPARLEGERING INNEHAOLLANDE KOL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4006410A DE4006410C2 (en) | 1990-03-01 | 1990-03-01 | Semi-finished products made of copper or a copper alloy with added carbon |
| DEP4006410.7 | 1990-03-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1991013183A1 true WO1991013183A1 (en) | 1991-09-05 |
Family
ID=6401191
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1991/000356 Ceased WO1991013183A1 (en) | 1990-03-01 | 1991-02-26 | Semi-finished product made of copper or a copper alloy with carbon additive |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0471048A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04505482A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2054755A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4006410C2 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI915154A0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991013183A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012104426A2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Swissmetal Industries Ltd | Cu-ni-zn-mn alloy |
| EP2476765A4 (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2015-10-07 | Shirogane Co Ltd | COPPER ALLOY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
| EP3434335A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-30 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for the handling of bulk materials |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0751567B1 (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 2007-11-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Copper alloys for chip interconnections and method of making |
| EP1251186A1 (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-23 | Wieland-Werke AG | Copper-Nickel-Manganese alloy and its use |
| DE50106520D1 (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2005-07-21 | Wieland Werke Ag | Use of a spray-compacted copper-nickel-manganese alloy |
| RU2224920C2 (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2004-02-27 | Сергей Михайлович Романов | Anti-friction material romanit-n, method of production of such material and friction unit member |
| UA52478C2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2004-09-15 | Serhii Mykhailovych Romanov | Antifriction material "romanit-s", a method for obtaining thereof and friction unit element made of antifriction material |
| UA60888C2 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2006-08-15 | Serhii Mykhailovych Romanov | An antifriction material romanit-st, a method for obtaining thereof and friction unit element |
| UA61751C2 (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-11-15 | Serhii Mykhailovych Romanov | ôROMANIT - VVLö ANTIFRICTION MATERIAL, PROCESS FOR ITS PREPARATION AND FRICTION SUBUNIT |
| JP2007211325A (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2007-08-23 | Sanbo Copper Alloy Co Ltd | Raw material aluminum bronze alloy for casting half-melted alloy |
| CN111299347B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-10-18 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Extrusion forming method of wide ribbed thin-wall plate |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2810641A (en) * | 1954-12-22 | 1957-10-22 | Iii John S Roberts | Precipitation hardenable copper, nickel, aluminum, zirconium alloys |
| US3374126A (en) * | 1965-10-08 | 1968-03-19 | Int Nickel Co | Bright annealing of tubular metal articles |
| BE757506A (en) * | 1969-10-14 | 1971-04-14 | Int Nickel Ltd | NICKEL AND ZINC ALLOYS |
| BE791870A (en) * | 1971-11-26 | 1973-03-16 | Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag | COPPER-NICKEL-BASED PETROL ALLOY |
| JPS556695B2 (en) * | 1974-12-28 | 1980-02-19 | ||
| DE3207247C2 (en) * | 1982-02-25 | 1984-07-26 | Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Process for improving the weldability of a copper-nickel alloy |
| DE3321438A1 (en) * | 1983-06-14 | 1985-03-07 | Hilti Ag, Schaan | COPPER-BASED REACTION LOT |
-
1990
- 1990-03-01 DE DE4006410A patent/DE4006410C2/en not_active Revoked
-
1991
- 1991-02-26 FI FI915154A patent/FI915154A0/en unknown
- 1991-02-26 WO PCT/EP1991/000356 patent/WO1991013183A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-02-26 EP EP91904195A patent/EP0471048A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-02-26 JP JP3504226A patent/JPH04505482A/en active Pending
- 1991-02-26 CA CA002054755A patent/CA2054755A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Patent Abstracts of Japan, Band 6, Nr. 154 (C-119)(1032), 14 August 1982; & JP-A-5773149 (HITACHI KASEI KOGYO K.K.) 7. Mai 1982 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2476765A4 (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2015-10-07 | Shirogane Co Ltd | COPPER ALLOY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
| WO2012104426A2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Swissmetal Industries Ltd | Cu-ni-zn-mn alloy |
| EP3434335A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-30 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for the handling of bulk materials |
| WO2019020557A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | USE OF SPARKLING MATERIALS IN THE HANDLING OF BULK GOODS |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4006410A1 (en) | 1991-09-05 |
| JPH04505482A (en) | 1992-09-24 |
| DE4006410C2 (en) | 1994-01-27 |
| FI915154A7 (en) | 1991-10-31 |
| CA2054755A1 (en) | 1991-09-02 |
| FI915154A0 (en) | 1991-10-31 |
| EP0471048A1 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
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