WO1991012709A1 - Device for combine harvesters or field straw cutters - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for combine harvesters or field straw cutters with a pivoted harvesting device (12) which takes the form of a reaping bench or pick-up device and this harvesting device (12) is pivoted about a spindle D by means of at least one swivelling device S.

Description

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Device for combine harvesters or forage harvesters

The invention relates to devices for combine harvesters or forage harvesters with a pivotally held harvesting device which is designed as a mowing table or pick-up device.

Devices of this type are known. As a rule, harvesting devices which are designed as a mowing table or pick-up device are fastened to a feed shaft and this is articulated in a height-pivotable manner on a combine harvester or forage harvester by means of a joint. Sometimes an attempt was made to attach the harvesting device to the feed shaft in an elastic or twistable manner. This version is complex and stiff and could not satisfy in practice. An adaptation to the course of the ground can only be achieved inadequately. The working width is also limited and the assembly and disassembly of a mowing table or a pick-up device is very cumbersome.

The object of the invention is to avoid these known disadvantages and to create a simple, reliable and economical device of the aforementioned type with little effort, in which a mowing table or , 1.

a pick-up device, even on undulating ground at the intended distance, is held smoothly following this on the combine harvester or forage harvester. The crop should be completely absorbed even in difficult harvesting conditions. Furthermore, the quality of work, working width, driving speed and reliability should be increased.

According to the invention, this is achieved in that a harvesting device designed as a mowing table or pick-up device is held pivotably by means of at least one pivoting device S and this advantageously has an ideal axis of rotation D. around which a harvesting device can be pivoted.

The design of various swivel devices S and advantageous developments can be found in the patent claims. Further details, advantages and features of the invention result from the following description and drawing.

In the drawing, some embodiments of the invention are shown schematically and in relation to each other and see the same parts with the same reference numerals. It shows :

1 a harvesting device designed as a mowing table attached to a combine harvester and a swiveling device S from the side,

2 shows a section AA of the previous illustration in a front view with a swiveling device S and a cutting table in elevation, 3 shows a swivel device with a feed shaft in section, from the front,

K shows a swiveling device and a harvesting device, partly in elevation, in front view,

FIG. 1 shows a swivel device and a feed shaft in the cross section 11,

6 a swivel device and partially a harvesting device, from the front,

7 and Fig. 8 guide elements in cross section or ilaltevorrichtung,

9 shows a swiveling device S with a quick coupling device and a harvesting device,

10 to 12 different swivel devices S with quick coupling elements,

13 leadership element in cross section,

1 and FIG. 15 differently designed swivel devices S with quick coupling elements,

16 to 23 different pivoting devices S

24 and 25 each a combine harvester with different pivoting devices S,

26 is a quick coupling device from the side,

27 a swivel device S with quick coupling elements,

28 and FIG. 29 guide elements in cross section and

3 ° a swivel device S. 1 shows from the side a harvesting device 12 constructed as a mowing table attached to the feed shaft 39. This is articulated in height on the combine harvester 1 by means of a joint 9. The mowing table 12 can be permanently attached to the feed shaft 39 or can be held on the feed shaft 39 so as to be pivotable about any axis of rotation, for example about an axis of rotation D3 or D4 extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Any swivel device can be used for this purpose. The mowing table 12 preferably has curved guideways 40 with sliding shoes 41 held thereon and which are articulated by means of joints 7 on the lifting arms 2 provided on each side of the vehicle. Each lifting arm 2 can be pivoted vertically by means of a swiveling device S about an ideal axis of rotation D1 which is below the base surface 11 and which represents a transverse axis. A swivel device S is formed by a four-bar linkage a, b, 3 _» 4 in that the link 4, via joints 3, establish a swivel connection between the coupling b associated with a lifting arm 2 and the coupling a associated with the combine harvester 1. The straight lines 14 of the linkage 4 determine the position of an ideal axis of rotation D1 at the point of intersection. If there is unevenness in the floor or other suddenly occurring obstacles at a point of contact between the sliding shoes 4l and the floor surface 11, there is frictional resistance at the joint 7 against the direction of travel acts on the rear of the lifting arms 2, so the swivel devices S are clamped and exerted on the lifting arms 2 and the joints 7 an upward moment and transmitted to the mowing table 12. This results in a travel or friction resistance dependent on pivoting devices S.

Weight relief and mounting of the mowing table 12, so that the contact pressure of the mowing table 12 is regulated automatically at the moment and the mowing table 12 smoothly corresponds to the given floor area 11 can follow. If the harvesting device 12 is raised by means of a lifting device (not shown) and each lifting arm 2 is also pivoted upward, the axes of rotation D1 also move upward. The slide shoe 41 can also be firmly connected to a lifting arm 2 and be a part of the same without the arm 7.

Q. A feed chute 39 with a flange 46 surrounding it in the plane of section AA of FIG. 1 and a harvesting device 12 are shown partly in elevation, with a swivel device S which provides a swivel connection between the feeder shaft 39 and the harvesting device 12 produces and allows pivoting movements about an ideal axis of rotation D and this goes approximately through the center of the feed shaft 39. The swiveling device S is formed by a four-bar linkage a, b, 3, 4 in which the coupling a represents part of the upper wall, the feed shaft 39 or the flange 46 and the coupling b represents part of the harvesting device 12 and the handlebars 4 Establish a connection between the two via joints 3.

3 shows a swiveling device S formed by a rotating ring 43. This slewing ring 43 can also be provided with balls 44 and establishes the connection between a feed shaft and a harvesting device 12 designed as a mowing table. allows pivoting movements between the two about an ideal axis of rotation D3 or D4 and which goes through the side of the rotating ring 43.

4 shows a swiveling device S in which two guideways 21 are attached to the cutting table 12 and (o -

which have a U-shaped cross section in which the guide rollers 22 attached to the feed shaft 39 can be guided. The guideways 21 are designed in such a way that their path normals 14 determine an ideal axis of rotation D3 at the intersection and that is at the level of the lower wall 13 of the feed shaft 39. As a result, there is only a slight displacement during pivoting movements between the lower part of the flange 46 and an associated flange of a mowing table 12. This prevents crops from falling through. The guideways 21 can also be designed so that the intersection of the path normal 14 or the ideal axis of rotation D lies in any plane. For simple attachment of a mowing table 12, it is provided that a guide surface 21 'represents a catching element and runs wrong.

According to FIG. 1, a swivel device S is formed by a four-bar linkage a, b, 4 ', 37. The links 4 'are designed as leaf springs and are firmly clamped at the coupling points 37 on the coupling a and on the coupling b. The coupling b is a part of the flange 47 associated with a harvesting device 12. The coupling a is fastened via holders 18 to the feed shaft 39 or to the associated flange 46 shown in part. Due to the elasticity of the handlebars 4 * in one plane, pivoting movements around an ideal axis of rotation D3 • or D4 are permitted.

6 shows from the front a mowing table 12 with two upper guideways 21 which can have a U-shaped cross section and in which sliding bodies 23 are guided and these are attached to the feed shaft 39. This forms a pivoting device S which allows pivoting movements of the cutting table 12 about an ideal axis of rotation D3 or D4 and which is centered on the inner limits of the Flange 46 lies at the intersection of the rail normal 14 of the guideways 21. A sloping guide surface 21 '(FIG. 7) promotes easy mounting and dismounting of the cutting table 12. For additional mounting, a guide track 21 is provided at the bottom of the cutting table 12, into which a holding device 26 belonging to the feed shaft engages. An ideal axis of rotation D can run in any plane and can be brought about by appropriate curvature of the guideways 21.

FIG. 7 shows a guide track 21 and a sliding body 23 or a turntable segment 43 'in cross section with obliquely running guide or sliding surfaces 21', 23 'and thereby showing catch elements for the purpose of simple attachment and removal of a harvesting device 12.

8 shows a lower holder between a mowing table 12 with a guide track 21 and a feed shaft 39 with an automatic holding device 26.

According to FIG. 9, a swiveling device S attached to the feed chute 39 has two catch hooks 28 which engage in the catch pockets 29 associated with this when a harvesting device 12 is attached, and when the feed chute 39 is swiveled up, the harvesting device 12 swivels against the flange 46 hold. Because the catch hooks 28 can be pivoted about an ideal axis of rotation D relative to the feed shaft 39, their engagement in the catch pockets 29 is easy to achieve.

10 shows a swivel device S which is attached to a feed shaft 39 and has the quick-coupling elements which are designed as catch hooks 28 and catch bolts 30. 11, sliding bodies 23 are attached to the feed shaft 39, by means of which the respectively assigned guide tracks 21 are guided and which are held together by a frame 15. This forms a swiveling device S with an ideal swiveling axis D which lies at the intersection of the path normal 14 of the guideways 21 in the plane of the lower wall 13 of the feed shaft 39. Quick-coupling elements 28 are on the guideways 21 and the frame 15 , 3 ° attached.

The swiveling device S in FIG. 12 also has guide tracks 21 which are held together by the frame 15 and interact with the guide rollers 22 associated with the feed shaft 39. The ideal axis of rotation D lies above the lower flange part 46 and below the center of the feed chute 39 at the intersection of the path 14 normal. Quick coupling elements 28, 30 are attached to this swiveling device S, a catch hook 28 engaging in a catch pocket 29 of the feed chute 12 is shown.

13 shows in cross section a guideway 21 with an inclined rear guiding surface 21 'and which thereby also represents a catch element for the purpose of easy attachment of a harvesting device 12, because the guide roller 22 belongs to the feed shaft 39 and the guideway 21 belongs to the harvesting device 12 is. The guide roller 22 is designed and arranged such that its points of contact 25 with the guide track 21 are at the same distance from the axis 24. As a result, the guide roller 22 can roll smoothly in the guide track 21. 14 shows a swiveling device S which is formed by a four-bar linkage a, b, 3ι 4 and where the coupling a attached to the feed shaft 39 is arranged above the coupling b associated with the frame 15. The Len¬ ker 4 are stressed on train. Their straight lines 14 determine an ideal axis of rotation D at the intersection about which the frame 15 can be pivoted and which has catch hook 28 and catch bolt 0). With pivoting movements, the ideal pivot axis D moves to the side where the frame 1 hangs lower. This also brings about an automatic return to the normal position.

15, a swivel device S is formed by slewing ring segments 43 ^* which are held on the feed night 39 and may have balls 44. The slewing ring segments 43 'are arranged in such a way that their path normals 14 meet at a common intersection and this represents an ideal axis of rotation D which is centered on the inner boundaries of the feed shaft 39 and about which the frame 15 can be pivoted and this creates a connection between the slewing ring segments 43 and is provided with quick coupling elements.

16 shows a swiveling device S in which the coupling a and the coupling b intersect.

In Fig. 17. the ideal line a 'of the coupling a crosses with the ideal line b' of the opponent b.

18, the lower coupling a is associated with a combine harvester or forage harvester 1 and the coupling b is part of a lifting arm 2. A0 _

18, the lower coupling a is associated with a combine harvester or forage harvester 1 and the coupling b is part of a lifting arm 2.

According to FIG. T9, a swivel device S is formed by a four-bar linkage a, b, 21, 22, 23, in which guide rollers 22 or sliding bodies 23 are attached to the coupling a and the curved guideways 21 form part of the coupling b are. The path normals 14 of the guide tracks 21, guide rollers 22 or sliding bodies 23 intersect in an ideal axis of rotation D about which the couplers a and b can be pivoted.

20 to 22 show swiveling devices S which have links 4 and guide tracks 21 and guide rollers 22 with an ideal swing axis D which lies at the intersection of straight line or track normals 14.

In the swivel device S according to FIG. 23, the links 4 'are designed as leaf springs and are firmly clamped at the coupling points 37 on the coupling a and on the coupling b. Due to the elasticity of the links 4 'in one plane, pivoting movements about an ideal axis of rotation D are permitted.

24, a cutting table 12 is held on the feed shaft 39 of a combine harvester 1 via an interposed swiveling device S so that it can swivel about an ideal swivel axis D4. This swiveling device S is formed by a turntable 43 and can have balls 44 and is arranged such that the ideal axis of rotation D4 going through the center of the turntable 43 extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction and rises to the front. By means of this swiveling device S, the mowing table 1.2 can possibly ΛA -

Uneven ground follow and swivel about the ideal axis of rotation D4 or the cutting table 12 maintains its position when the mower 1 follows uneven ground. If a vine or driving resistance acts on one side, in particular on the sliding shoes 42 fixedly attached to the mowing table 12, the force directed backwards and / or upwards at this point causes the mowing table to swing up about the ideal axis of rotation D4. Even in the event of suddenly occurring obstacles, the mowing table 12 should momentarily and automatically be pivoted and raised to such an extent that it easily passes over it, thus avoiding peak loads, damage and malfunctions. An ideal axis of rotation D4 includes an angle e with respect to the bottom surface 11 and the size of which can be determined according to the requirements. Instead of a slewing ring 43, a mounting that allows swivel movements about an ideal axis of rotation D4 between a mowing table 12 and a feed channel 39 can be achieved by means of any swivel device. The ideal axis of rotation D4 advantageously runs over the center of gravity of the mowing table 12. As a result, the mowing table 12 is brought into its normal position when it is lifted out.

25 shows from the side a swiveling device S which is formed in that the mowing table 12 has an arm 48 and the feed shaft 39 has an arm 49 and which are pivotably held by means of a bolt 0 and thereby form a joint by means of which the mowing table 12 an axis of rotation D4 is pivotable relative to the feed shaft 39 u and passes through the center of the bolt 5 °. To support this swivel connection, it is provided that the feed shaft 39 * a flange 46 and Λ S m.

the mower table 12 has a flange 47 with rollers 47 or the like and hold them to allow pivoting movements against one another.

26 shows from the side a harvesting device 12 and a feed chute 39 partially and an intermediate frame 15 which surrounds any swivel device S, this swivel device S belonging to the feed chute 39. The intermediate frame 15 and the harvesting device 12 have coupling or catching elements 28, 29 _» 30» 31, which can be designed differently and which can be pivoted with the intermediate frame 15 relative to the feed chute 39 u and an axis of rotation D3 or D4 and during mounting interlock a harvesting device 12 and hold it on the feed shaft 39. A complete swiveling device S can also be part of a harvesting device 12, but this has the disadvantage that each must have one which is to be attached to the feed shaft 39. In contrast, the attachment of a pivoting device on the feed shaft 39 has the advantage that different harvesting devices 12 can be attached by means of only one pivoting device.

27 is formed by a single turntable segment 43 ', which is held on the feed shaft 39 and provided with catch elements 28, 30. The ideal axis of rotation D lies under the feed shaft 39. As shown in the cross-section according to FIG. 28, slewing ring segments 43 'or guideways 21 or sliding bodies 23 can be held together by a corresponding profile but can be displaceable in the path tangent. FIG. 29 shows in cross section a guide track 21 or a turntable segment 43 'and a catch rail 32, a guide roller 22 being guided in a self-holding manner and which can be attached to the feed shaft 39. According to FIG. 0, a swinging device S is formed in that an intermediate frame 15 is pivotally held on the feed shaft 39 by means of a joint 27 and the intermediate frame 15 has guide tracks 21 in which the guide rollers 22 attached to the feed shaft 39 are guided, the Intermediate frame 15 has quick coupling elements 30, 32 for attaching a harvesting device 12. The quick coupling element 32 can be designed as a transverse guide rail 3. The intermediate frame 15 can be pivoted about the axis of rotation D which lies at the intersection of the path normal 14 and passes through the joint 27. As a result, quick coupling elements 3, 32 can be securely brought together with the counterparts attached to a harvesting device.

Claims

_! -at claim 1. A device for combine harvesters or forage harvesters with a pivoting harvesting device which is designed as a mowing table or pick-up device. characterized, that this harvesting device (12) is held pivotably by means of at least one pivoting device S. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a pivoting device S has an ideal axis of rotation D. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a harvesting device (12) is pivotable about an ideal axis of rotation D. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3 _», characterized in that a pivoting device S is formed by a four-bar linkage and whose instantaneous pole represents an ideal axis of rotation (D, D1, D3, D4). , / f ^" _ 5.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an articulated quadrilateral (a, b, 3, 4) from coupling (a, .b) and these two over ^ elenke ^ 3. connecting links (4) is formed. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5 _», characterized in that coupling ^ a, b) coupling points (37) on which the links designed as a leaf spring (4 ') are firmly clamped and a four-bar link (a, b, 4 ', 37). 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that coupling (a, b) with guide tracks (21) and the associated guide rollers (22) or sliding bodies (23) are provided and thereby an articulated square (a , b, 21, 22, 23). 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7 », characterized in that a quadrilateral coupling (a, b) link (4, 4) has a guide track (21) and guide rollers (22) or sliding body (23). 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a pivoting device S has at least one guide track (21) and guide rollers (22) or sliding bodies (23) guided therein and is thereby formed. 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9 _», characterized in that a pivoting device S is formed by a turntable (43) and the axis of rotation of which represents an ideal axis of rotation D. _ λ (o - 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a slewing ring (43) with balls 44) can be provided. 12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a swivel device S is formed by at least one slewing ring segment (-43) and the path standards (-14) determine an ideal axis of rotation D at the common intersection. 13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a guide track (21) or a sliding body also represents a catch element. 1'4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a guide roller (21) is formed and arranged in such a way that its contact points (25) are at approximately the same distance from the axis (24). 15. The device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a guide track (21) and an associated sliding body (23) or mutually associated slewing ring segments (43 ') are only displaceable in the path tangent, firmly held against each other . 16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15 », characterized in that mutually associated Drehkranzseg¬ elements (43 ') represent a safety gear. 17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a pivoting device S has an intermediate frame (15) and this can be provided with Schnellkuppel¬ elements (28, 29, 3 ° »31 _» 32). 18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a swivel device S Schnell¬ coupling elements (28, 29, 30, 31, 32) may have. 19. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that between a feed shaft (> 39) and a harvesting device (12), a pivoting device S is switched on. 20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19 », characterized in that the straight line (l4) of the handlebars 4, 4 ^* ) or track standards (14) of guideways (21) or sliding bodies (23) the position of an ideal axis of rotation S determine. 21. Device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that on a combine harvester or Feldhäcks¬ ler (l) by means of an intermediate pivoting device S lifting arms (2) are attached and these are designed to be slidable on their front part opposite a floor surface (11) and are vertically pivotable in relation to a harvesting device (12) designed as a mowing table. 22. Device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that on a mowing table (12) guideways (4θ) are provided in which sliding shoes (4l) are guided and these represent part of the lifting arms (2) and which face the floor surface (11) are slidably provided. 23. Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a pivoting device S is formed by a harvesting device (12) designed as a mowing table or pick-up device by means of an articulated connection (48, 49 _> 0) around a The axis of rotation (D4), which increases in the direction of travel and swivels forward, on a feed shaft

is held. / IS - 24. Device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that on the feed shaft (39) a flange (46) and on the harvesting device (12) a flange (47) with rollers (47a) or the like is seen and are held against each other. 25. Device according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that a swiveling device -S swiveling movements of a mowing table or a pick-up device ^ 12) about an ideal rotation axis (D3) lying in the direction of travel. allows. 26. Device according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that an ideal axis of rotation (D3, D4) lies within the inner limits of a flange (47), (46). 27. The device according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that an ideal axis of rotation (D3, D4) lies centrally to a flange (47, 46). 28. Device according to one of claims 1 to 27 », characterized in that an ideal axis of rotation (D3, D4) lies under a feed shaft (39). 29. Device according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that a pivoting device S allows pivoting movements of a mowing table or a pick-up device (12) about an ideal rotational axis (D4) increasing in the direction of travel. 30. Vorridi-device according to one of claims 1 to 29 », characterized in that an ideal axis of rotation (D4) includes an angle of inclination (e) to the floor surface (II) of at least _* at least 10 degrees. 31. Device according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that an ideal axis of rotation (D4) includes an angle of inclination (e) to the floor surface ^ 11) of at least 20 degrees. 32. Device according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that an ideal axis of rotation (D4) includes an angle of inclination (e) to the bottom surface (II) of at least 3 degrees. 33. Device according to one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that a pivoting device S is divisible and part of a feed shaft (39) and part of a harvesting device 12 is associated. 34. Device according to one of claims 1 to 33 »characterized in that an axis of rotation D extends over the center of gravity of a harvesting device (12). 35. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3 ^ _», characterized in that an ideal axis of rotation D lies at the level of the inside of the lower wall (13). 36. Device according to one of claims 1 to 35 », characterized in that a swiveling device S is designed such that ^ aß handlebars ^ 4, 4 ') are claimed in tension.