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WO1991007620A1 - Dispositif d'expulsion pour substances contenues dans un recipient a pression - Google Patents

Dispositif d'expulsion pour substances contenues dans un recipient a pression Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991007620A1
WO1991007620A1 PCT/EP1990/001842 EP9001842W WO9107620A1 WO 1991007620 A1 WO1991007620 A1 WO 1991007620A1 EP 9001842 W EP9001842 W EP 9001842W WO 9107620 A1 WO9107620 A1 WO 9107620A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydride
container
pressure
hydrogen
substance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1990/001842
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Behrens
Lucian Marinescu-Pasoi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Battelle Institut eV
Original Assignee
Battelle Institut eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Battelle Institut eV filed Critical Battelle Institut eV
Publication of WO1991007620A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991007620A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant
    • B65D83/60—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant with contents and propellant separated
    • B65D83/673—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant with contents and propellant separated at least a portion of the propellant being separated from the product and incrementally released by means of a pressure regulator
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/80—Packaging reuse or recycling, e.g. of multilayer packaging

Definitions

  • Austreibun cr multiplexing frame generating apparatus for substances from pressurized containers
  • the invention relates to devices for expelling Sub ⁇ punch from pressurized containers and proceeds from a device having the features in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the expulsion of liquids with the aid of propellant gases under pressure from a container has the advantage that a constant and sufficient spray pressure is achieved as a result of the constant partial pressure of the propellant at a predetermined temperature, but the propellant gases used to date are environmentally harmful. Attempts are being made to replace the still frequently used fluorocarbons (CFCs), which are considered to be the cause of the damage to the ozone layer, and increasingly less harmful partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs 22) are being used. This can reduce the damage to the ozone layer, but it cannot be completely ruled out. This is all the more the case because the customary propellant gases are designed so that they exist in two phases, liquid and gaseous, under the given operating conditions. As a result, the liquid phase of the propellant forms a solution with the substances to be atomized, so that a large part of the propellant is expelled during atomization.
  • CFCs fluorocarbons
  • HCFCs 22 partially halogenated chloroflu
  • Harmful blowing agents that escape to the outside are avoided in an atomization system (US Pat. No. 4,513,884).
  • a liquid to be atomized in a tendency and tightly closable container to insert an initially gas-empty plastic bag so that the container can be transported without being under pressure or can also be filled later.
  • the plastic bag contains a predetermined number of sealed bags which are filled with soda.
  • a bag filled with citric acid is provided, which is opened manually to the inside of the bag before the container is closed. The acid solution then reacts with the soda from the nearest pocket, which must be designed so that it bursts at the same time as the acid solution pocket is opened.
  • the resulting carbon dioxide inflates the pocket so that liquid can be expelled when the closed container is relieved of pressure.
  • the remaining pockets burst successively when the bag is inflated further.
  • a siphon tube is also accommodated in the container.
  • the system is also not user-friendly, because the pressure vessel must be opened by destroying the acid pocket to initiate gas generation.
  • the entire container is therefore relatively complex and is in principle only suitable for applications in which any refilling is desired.
  • the invention is based on the object, starting from the features in the preamble of patent claim 1, of specifying a device for expelling an atomizable substance from a pressure container, which on the one hand ensures a constant and sufficiently high propellant gas pressure during the entire period of use and on the other hand the mentioned avoids harmful blowing agents and also chemical substances.
  • the known, mostly liquefied, propellant gases are replaced by hydrogen, which is stored in a hydride material and is released therefrom when energy is supplied, preferably in the form of ambient heat.
  • the released hydrogen is used as a blowing agent for expelling atomizable substances, liquids, paste-like substances, such as sealants, for example in the form of silicone or also, for example, pulverized substances, from a container in which the released hydrogen has an overpressure (under normal conditions over 1 bar).
  • the overpressure generated is constant at a given temperature, because the hydrogen stored in a hydride generates a certain constant partial pressure over a wide hydrogenation range at constant temperature.
  • the solution according to the invention accordingly contains a real gas store with the described advantages of the continuous generation of an environmentally friendly gas. It is also advantageous that the released hydrogen, in contrast to the chemically produced gases or the propellant gases mentioned at the outset, e.g. can be easily stored again by cooling the pressure vessel.
  • all types of hydrides are suitable which, at the temperature of the respective environment in which the substance container is to be used, have the property of releasing the stored hydrogen again.
  • the hydrogen as blowing agent is not harmful to the ozone layer, since it is a natural component of the earth's atmosphere with an average of 0.03 g Hydrogen per ton of air, whereby it only occurs in traces in the lower atmospheric layers and forms the main component in the upper layers.
  • metal hydrides are particularly suitable for the purpose according to the invention, the hydrogen storage properties of which are already used in the development of hydrogen stores for H 2 -driven motor vehicles.
  • the alloys previously proposed for this purpose or for example for fuel cells titanium-iron, titanium-manganese, nickel mixed metal, calcium-nickel or, for example, alloys with vanadium
  • the alloy previously proposed for this purpose or for example for fuel cells (titanium-iron, titanium-manganese, nickel mixed metal, calcium-nickel or, for example, alloys with vanadium) have a high storage capacity for hydrogen and work in a wide temperature range. and pressure range.
  • the hydrogen is stored in high concentrations in a small volume and released under constant pressure until it is discharged.
  • the hydrogen uptake is largely reversible, ie the hydrogen is released again by reducing the pressure at a given temperature or increasing the temperature at a given pressure.
  • the equilibrium partial pressure of the hydrogen stored in a metal hydride is consequently dependent on the temperature of the metal hydride.
  • some known metal hydrides for example titanium-iron alloys, have hydrogen partial pressures of 3 to 5 bar and are therefore well suited as hydrogen stores for atomizing devices.
  • the powdered metal hydrides or, if appropriate, also non-metal-like hydrides are preferably received in a hybrid container which is optionally integrated into the pressure container, ie the spray can or bottle, or is connected to the outside thereof.
  • a hybrid container which is optionally integrated into the pressure container, ie the spray can or bottle, or is connected to the outside thereof.
  • the pressure coupling of the two containers via a valve is recommended, which closes in the event of sudden heating and associated pressure rise in the hydride storage container and thus prevents the pressure in the pressure container from increasing further and destroying it.
  • the hydride container which only needs a few cm 3 capacity, can easily be designed so stable that it can withstand considerable pressure increases and pressures that are far above the spray pressure or expulsion pressure, thus ensuring a safe containment of the hydrogen.
  • the invention thus enables not only an environmentally friendly but also a safe device by using the hydrogen storage device, which can be easily separated from the overpressure container.
  • Hydrogen storage with metal hydride material accommodated in the pressure vessel are known per se in a wide variety of designs from numerous publications (for example DE-OS 35 02 311, US-PS 35 16 263, US-PS 41 33 426 and DE-OS 32 23 777) .
  • these only deal with creating storage with the highest possible capacity, which e.g. can have different filling densities and provide sufficient space for expansion during reloading.
  • such storage containers have been known for over twenty years, no consideration has so far been given to utilizing properties other than the hydrogen-storing and releasing effect.
  • an indirect pressurization can also be carried out with the help of a double container, as is shown in FIG Principle has also been proposed for previous blowing agents.
  • the substance to be atomized is accommodated in a compressible bag-like or bellows-like container, which is located in the actual pressure container. According to the invention, this is preferably subjected to hydrogen pressure via a valve, so that when the spray nozzle is opened, the spray substance is expelled by compressing the container.
  • This solution is particularly recommended for substances in which hydrogen dissolves easily and would thus be driven out to a greater extent.
  • water-based liquids have the advantage that the solubility of the hydrogen in them is minimal and is about 2% by volume.
  • spray substances that only extremely small amounts of hydrogen are expelled. These quantities are also below the ignition limit of the hydrogen so that it cannot be ignited in the spray jet.
  • the spray system can also be designed such that the hydrogen already recombines before it emerges. This can be achieved if air and thus atmospheric oxygen is sucked in between the outlet valve and the outlet nozzle through an additional opening during spraying due to the so-called water jet pump effect.
  • a catalytic network or a corresponding coating in this space between the outlet valve and nozzle then in turn automatically triggers a catalytic recombination so that the escape of the hydrogen is prevented.
  • a relief valve can be provided in the hydride container for self-regulating pressure limitation in addition to the valve towards the pressure container.
  • the integration of a catalyst in this valve is also recommended here. It is thus possible, even under extreme conditions, to compensate for the hazard potential which is caused by the ignitability of the hydrogen.
  • there is the possibility of eliminating the risk of explosion by regulating the pressure because the propellant is released from a store which can be encapsulated by the actual pressure vessel.
  • An additional advantage with regard to environmental protection is the rechargeability of the hydride storage.
  • the hydride material can be loaded with hydrogen again without problems and the unit can thus be reused.
  • reloading is also necessary with the hydride storage integrated in the pressure container. rather possible via the opening or valve opening of the hydride container before the spray bottle or the pressure container is refilled with the substance to be atomized.
  • the already known container shapes, spray valves, nozzles and their removal and actuation devices can be used as pressure containers and spray systems.
  • the hydride container which is very small with a few cm 3 in comparison to known containers of hydrogen storage for motor vehicles, can already be designed as a pressure vessel with a few mm wall thickness with a high safety distance without the entire device becoming unwieldy. If the hydride material is mixed directly with the substance in the pressure vessel, it is recommended, as in the case of the existing spray bottles, to specify a maximum permissible ambient temperature.
  • Metal hydrides which are in finely divided form in powder form or in the form of a matrix of several metals and are suitable for the device according to the invention, are already commercially available and their properties are precisely known. In addition, an abundance of hydrides not yet offered and tested as hydrogen storage is conceivable as a hydrogen fuel gas dispenser.
  • a device for expelling an atomizable substance which is integrated in a pressure container in the form of a spray can 1.
  • the spray substance 2 a liquid or, for example, a powdered material, is removed with the aid of a riser pipe 3 which extends through the bottle-shaped spray can to a little above the bottom thereof.
  • the pressure corresponds to the hydrogen partial pressure of the hydride material reservoir 6 at the present ambient temperature, to which the gas space 4 is connected via a hydrogen outlet valve 5.
  • the valve is designed so that penetration of the spray substance into the hydride material container 7 is prevented, ie if the spray can is tilted or turned over, the valve closes automatically.
  • Solutions that can be used are a sintered metal in the valve which only allows the hydrogen, but not the spray substance, to pass through, or a simple sealing ball.
  • the valve is otherwise only closed when the hydrogen pressure in the reservoir 6 rises sharply as a result of a sharp rise in temperature and exceeds a maximum permissible pressure for the spray can.
  • the hydride reservoir 6 is in the form of a powdered metal hydride in a hydride container 7, which is the short one. Neck of the bottle-shaped can 1 forms.
  • the riser pipe is guided through the hydride tank 7.
  • a spray opening (nozzle), not shown, is opened by means of a spray valve indicated at 8.
  • a simple mechanism that is pressed down with a finger can be used to actuate the spray valve.
  • the hydride container 7 is preferably made of metal with a thickness of 2 to 3 mm and has a volume of about 3 cm 3 . With this storage size, so much hydrogen is stored in the hydride reservoir 6 that, even with an empty can of a few 100 cm 3 capacity, the equilibrium partial pressure is reached at the intended operating temperature and there is therefore a sufficient spray pressure.
  • the spray valve 8 is opened. As a result of the resulting pressure relief in the gas space 4 via the riser pipe 3, hydrogen is continuously released from the hydride container and expels the spray substance continuously. Only when the spray valve 8 is closed will no more hydrogen escape when the equilibrium partial pressure is reached.
  • valve 5 closes automatically when a predetermined pressure value is reached, so that the can 1 is not exposed to an increased hydrogen pressure as a result of an increased partial pressure. If necessary, an additional pressure relief valve can also be provided in the hydride container 7 in order to take even the most extreme temperatures into account.
  • the can 1 and the hydride container 7 can be covered or coated with a catalyst material or network in order to bring about a catalytic recombination of unintentionally escaping hydrogen with atmospheric oxygen to water.
  • the exemplary embodiment is not the simplest solution which does not require a hydride container and a hydrogen outlet valve and which mixes the hydride hydrogen storage material with the spray substance, e.g. in the form of pellets in the spray can. Compared to the known spray devices, this solution does not require any changes to the pressure vessel.
  • the hydride storage container is only relatively small, it can just as easily be connected to the spray can in the form of an independent unit.
  • a hydrogen outlet valve is also recommended here. Between the spray valve and the spray opening, a suction opening for air can additionally be formed, which is sucked in during spraying and whose atmospheric oxygen, in the presence of a coating with catalyst material, brings about the recombination of the hydrogen with water before it emerges.
  • a spray can was explained, from which an atomizable substance is expelled.
  • the device according to the invention e.g. also drive out any paste-like, non-atomizable substance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif pour l'expulsion d'une substance (2) contenue dans un récipient à pression (1), à travers un orifice à soupape (8), au moyen d'hydrogène (4) comme gaz propulseur, lequel produit une surpression dans ledit récipient et est libéré, de préférence à sa température d'environnement et/ou par apport d'une autre énergie thermique, à pression partielle constante, en provenance d'un produit de stockage à base d'hydrure (6), dans lequel il est stocké, lorsqu'une détente de pression se produit en libérant l'orifice de sortie. De préférence, le produit de stockage à base d'hydrure est un hydrure métallique qui est contenu dans un récipient à hydrure (7) intégré au récipient à pression ou relié à celui-ci, ledit récipient à hydrure étant en communication avec l'intérieur du récipient à pression (4) au moyen d'une soupape se fermant sous une pression élevée, et étant conçu de manière à résister à des valeurs, même élevées, de pression. On obtient de cette façon un dispositif à gaz propulseur ne nuisant pas à l'environnement, manipulable de façon sûre, par décapsulage possible du réservoir d'hydrogène et offrant, en outre, la possibilité d'une réutilisation par recharge avec de l'hydrogène.
PCT/EP1990/001842 1989-11-11 1990-11-03 Dispositif d'expulsion pour substances contenues dans un recipient a pression Ceased WO1991007620A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3937562.5 1989-11-11
DE3937562A DE3937562A1 (de) 1989-11-11 1989-11-11 Austreibungsvorrichtung fuer zerstaeubbare substanzen aus druckbehaeltern

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991007620A1 true WO1991007620A1 (fr) 1991-05-30

Family

ID=6393331

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1990/001842 Ceased WO1991007620A1 (fr) 1989-11-11 1990-11-03 Dispositif d'expulsion pour substances contenues dans un recipient a pression

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0500601A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3937562A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991007620A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0569590A4 (en) * 1991-06-29 1996-04-10 Int Center Of Scient Culture W Method for creation of positive pressure of sorbed gas in working cavity of aerosol package
CN1294376C (zh) * 2003-10-23 2007-01-10 北京有色金属研究总院 金属氢化物储氢装置及其制作方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4202470A (en) * 1977-03-07 1980-05-13 Minoru Fujii Pressurized dispensers for dispensing products utilizing a pressure transfer fluid
WO1990008101A1 (fr) * 1989-01-16 1990-07-26 Elin Energieversorgung Gesellschaft M.B.H. Cartouche recyclable d'hydrogene

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3516263A (en) * 1969-03-25 1970-06-23 Atomic Energy Commission Method of storing hydrogen
US4133426A (en) * 1978-02-24 1979-01-09 The International Nickel Company, Inc. Hydride container
US4478044A (en) * 1981-08-05 1984-10-23 Enviro-Spray Systems, Inc. Inflatable pouch and method of manufacture
US4513884A (en) * 1982-04-05 1985-04-30 Enviro-Spray Systems, Inc. Dispensing system and a refill pouch
DE3223777C2 (de) * 1982-06-24 1986-12-04 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Metall-Hydridspeicher zur Speicherung von Wasserstoff
DE3502311A1 (de) * 1985-01-21 1986-07-24 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Metallhydridspeicher und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPH06342763A (ja) * 1993-05-31 1994-12-13 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 多結晶半導体膜の形成方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4202470A (en) * 1977-03-07 1980-05-13 Minoru Fujii Pressurized dispensers for dispensing products utilizing a pressure transfer fluid
WO1990008101A1 (fr) * 1989-01-16 1990-07-26 Elin Energieversorgung Gesellschaft M.B.H. Cartouche recyclable d'hydrogene

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Patent Abstracts of Japan, Band 12, Nr. 258 (C-513)(3105), 20. Juli 1988; & JP-A-63042763 (KASHIWA KAGAKU KOGYO K.K.) 23. Februar 1988 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0569590A4 (en) * 1991-06-29 1996-04-10 Int Center Of Scient Culture W Method for creation of positive pressure of sorbed gas in working cavity of aerosol package
CN1294376C (zh) * 2003-10-23 2007-01-10 北京有色金属研究总院 金属氢化物储氢装置及其制作方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0500601A1 (fr) 1992-09-02
DE3937562A1 (de) 1991-05-16

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