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WO1990013773A1 - Dispositif a lit fluidise pour la combustion de combustible a faible point de fusion - Google Patents

Dispositif a lit fluidise pour la combustion de combustible a faible point de fusion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990013773A1
WO1990013773A1 PCT/US1990/002334 US9002334W WO9013773A1 WO 1990013773 A1 WO1990013773 A1 WO 1990013773A1 US 9002334 W US9002334 W US 9002334W WO 9013773 A1 WO9013773 A1 WO 9013773A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
fluidized bed
header
solids
fuels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1990/002334
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ronald Stanley Tabery
Ky Dangtran
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1990013773A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990013773A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/12—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated exclusively within the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to equipment to process and treat low ash- melting temperature fuels and non-homogeneous wastes, consisting of solids or liquids, maintained in a fluidized state, said fuel or waste having a tendency to agglomerate with byproducts or having dissimilar constituents like tramp material.
  • Treatment occurs in a reaction chamber with specific internals as described herein.
  • treatment is meant, here, any operation which can be carried out in the fluidized state on granular solids. Examples of treatment include combustion, gasification, coating, condensation, etc.
  • fluidized bed combustion Even with intrinsically low operating temperatures, fluidized bed combustion still has challenges when burning certain fuels and wastes with very low ash melting or softening temperatures.
  • An example of such a waste fuel is spent potliner, a byproduct from electrolytic aluminum smelting cells.
  • feed materials that are strikingly non-homogeneous.
  • Municipal solid waste An example of such is municipal solid waste.
  • Temperature Local excursion of temperature in the combustion zone (bed) to a temperature higher than the ash fusion threshold allows the ash to melt and coalesce into agglomerates.
  • Residence Time Long residence time of spent ash causes build-up of problematic impurities accelerating agglomeration tendency.
  • a parallel air header system with symmetric circumferential plenum 1.
  • a parallel air header has been subject to U.S. Patent No. 3,892,046, in which an asymmetrical design of the main gas manifold was presented. This design, while it may be satisfactory for small-scale systems, is not adequate for a large-scale combustor, in which a differential pressure distribution from one end of the air header to the other is the main disadvantage.
  • a variance of this discharge system was also disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,402,665, in which an air grid has been used.
  • the intermediate air bars are designed parallel to the main air collector and perpendicular to each of the primary air bars. The removal of spent solids and agglomerates in such system may be less effective than in the parallel air-header system.
  • the objective of this invention is to overcome processing problems associated with segregation due to the presence of agglomerates and other large objects in a fluidized bed by continuous removal of the unwanted large objects and enhancing mixing of the fresh feed materials, thereby assuring an effective and continuous process.
  • Vigorous internal circulation A central fast riser, installed at a specific location within the reaction chamber, is provided to: a. promote circulation of bed material, and b. evenly disperse fresh feed materials.
  • the unique aspect of the riser is that it takes advantage of natural hydrodynamic properties of gas-solid fluidized beds.
  • the riser is installed on the central axis of the reactor with its flared bottom approximately half to one and a half bed diameter from the gas distributor level. Solids are preferentially entrained by bubbles along the central axis and sink in bubble-lean areas close to the walls thereby causing dense-phase circulation. Internal dense-phase circulation enhances mixing and encourages temperature uniformity. Thereby exotherms and local high concentrations of fresh feed material (key elements in formation of agglomerates) are discouraged.
  • These aspects - in part or in combination - are claimed as unique in solving technical problems associated with treatment of low-melting materials, or similar wastes with high risk of segregation. By treatment, it is meant here, any operation which can be carried out in the fluidized state on granular solids.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view (la) and a cross-sectional view (lb) along line A-A of parallel air headers connected to a circumferential (in this case rectangular) air plenum.
  • Each air-header is connected to the plenum via an expansion sleeve/"piston ring" set on one end only. Details of piston ring (lc), top of air-header (ldl), bottom of air-header (ld2), and standpipe (le) are also shown.
  • FIG. 2 represents various designs of central fast risers.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the reactor showing the air plenum, parallel air header system, standpipe air injectors, bottom ash drain screw conveyor, central fast riser, and bubble and dense phase circulation patterns.
  • pressurized air for fluidization and combustion (from a forced-draft fan or blower, not shown) is introduced to a "circumferential" air plenum (2) via an air duct (1).
  • air duct (1) Air from the circumferential plenum (2) is then introduced to parallel air headers (3) symmetrically through both ends. Air from air headers is then homogeneously distributed into the bed through multi-hole injector standpipes (8).
  • each air header (3) is secured by welding at one end to the inside wall (4) of the air plenum (2); on the other end, it is freely movable axially in an close-fitting sleeve (5) (ID 0.5 mm [0.020 inch] oversize) which is welded into the inside plenum wall (4) to allow thermal expansion of the header itself.
  • a piston-ring— like groove (7) machined into the header and a matching ring (6) are provided (FIG. lc).
  • Air headers (3) can endure high and low temperature in the reaction chamber without inducing thermal stress.
  • Air headers (3) have on their topside a series of standpipes (8) (see FIGS, ldl and le) and on their bottom a series of aeration holes (9) (see FIG. Id2). From each standpipe (FIG. le) air required for combustion and fluidization is released to the combustion chamber through 6 downwardly-angled injector-nozzles (10). The downwardly-angled injectors help eliminate back-flow of solid and dead zones between standpipes.
  • Each standpipe is threaded (11) directly into the header. From the bottom of each header, air is released through aeration holes (9) for cooling discharged solids and assures smooth and even let-down of granular solids through the bottom conical section (12).
  • the space (13) between two adjacent air headers approximately equal to the space occupied by the air header itself, is large enough to allow passage of agglomerates and/or tramp material, but small enough to ensure homogeneous repartition of the flu ⁇ dizing air.
  • a system with parallel air headers (3) and a circumferential air plenum (2) allows a very high percentage of open area (up to 50%) ensuring very efficient removal of agglomerates and other large objects.
  • FIGS, la, lb, and 3 also show clearly the homogeneous distribution of the open area throughout the entire bed cross-section. The effect is that the entire cross- section is available as a drain rather than depending on a single-point drain. This also contributes to the efficiency of withdrawal and the control of ash residence time.
  • the removal of oversized and spent solids is activated by a bed drain screw (14) or any similar solids draining device. In that way, drained solids exit cool and the rate can be easily controlled.
  • FIG. 3 shows the central fast riser (15), the preferential bubble path (16), and the internal circulation of the dense phase (17).
  • bubbles are the governing force in a fluidized bed layer. They are related directly to the dense phase movement. Solids are carried upwards by the wake and drift of rising bubbles. The downward movement of solids occurs conse ⁇ quently in bubble-poor regions. It is also well understood that bubble distribution is not uniform across a horizontal section: bubbles form preferentially close to the wall, gather upwards toward the central axis by oblique coalescence at approximately one bed diameter from the air distributor (or injector-nozzles (10)).
  • a deep bed must be used.
  • deep bed is meant, here, a bed having a height to diameter (or width) ratio of at least unity.
  • a central fast riser with a divergent bottom (15) installed at a specific location as claimed in this disclosure enhances the preferential bubble path (16) and accelerates internal circulation of solids (17).
  • the central fast riser (15) can be fluid-cooled to extract heat from the bed or may be fabricated from any heat-resistant material.
  • Various shapes and designs for said central fast riser are proposed in FIG. 2. They range from a rectangular cross section (FIG. 2a) to square (FIG. 2b), to circular (FIG. 2c) or simply to two separate plates (FIG. 2d) of various shapes.
  • the riser may be replaced with a straight (FIG. 2e), cylindrical (FIG. 2f), conical (FIG. 2g), trapezoidal (FIG. 2h), or various similar shapes.
  • the riser is installed along the central axis of the bed.
  • the height of its lowest part (18), measured from the injector-nozzle (10) level, can range from half (0.5) to one-and-a-half (1.5) bed diameters or widths.
  • the top of the riser is slightly submersed by fluidized solids allowing bubbles to burst freely at the bed surface and spread solids to the space close to the wall.
  • An impingement baffle plate (19) is installed at the top of the fast riser section and fashioned to match the fast riser cross section. This is done to encourage random lateral or controlled directional distribution of entrained solids.
  • Fuel blend is injected pneumatically via feeding ducts (21) through the side wall (20).
  • the height of feeding points (22) can vary from the standpipe injector-nozzles (10) to the level of the lowest part of the riser (18). This range of feed injection locations is selected to induce rapid and homogeneous dispersion of feed material through the whole bed.
  • bubble hydrodynamics as a driving force for internal circulation of solids simultaneously allows the two criteria requirements (internal solids circulation and continuous removal of oversized materials) to be achieved.
  • This system does not require either the use of differential windboxes or the action of a spout in a spouted bed to promote solid circulation. In those systems, the space underneath the air distributor in the conical bottom (12) is not available, making the use of parallel air header discharge system impossible.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un réacteur à lit fluidisé permettant l'incinération de combustible avec des faibles températures de fusion des cendres. Cette invention évite l'arrêt prématuré du processus à cause de la ségrégation et de l'accumulation d'agglomérats de cendres qui se produisent fréquemment lorsque l'on brûle des combustibles à faible point de fusion dans un réacteur à lit fluidisé. L'invention concerne un système à lit fluidisé qui combine une conduite montante centrale rapide (15) et un système spécial de distribution d'air constitué de collecteurs d'air parallèles (3). La conduite montante centrale rapide (15) travaille de concert avec les propriétés hydrodynamiques naturelles des bulles dans un lit fluidisé pour favoriser la turbulence et la circulation interne de la phase dense (17) assurant ainsi un bon mélange des solides et une bonne dispersion des combustibles, agents de sorption et additifs injectés. Un système spécial de distribution d'air constitué de collecteurs d'air parallèles (3) ayant jusqu'à 50 % de surface ouverte permet un retrait uniforme et équilibré des solides usés. Des agglomérats surdimensionnés sont éliminés instantanément lorsqu'ils se forment, ce qui assure un fonctionnement continu et efficace.
PCT/US1990/002334 1989-05-01 1990-04-30 Dispositif a lit fluidise pour la combustion de combustible a faible point de fusion Ceased WO1990013773A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US34585689A 1989-05-01 1989-05-01
US345,856 1989-05-01

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2158878C1 (ru) * 2000-05-16 2000-11-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭКОСЕРВИС ПРИМ" Реактор для термического обезвреживания отходов
DE102005005796A1 (de) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-17 Applikations- Und Technikzentrum Für Energieverfahrens-, Umwelt- Und Strömungstechnik (Atz-Evus) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermochemischen Umsetzung eines Brennstoffs
CN100504165C (zh) * 2004-05-21 2009-06-24 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 镶嵌多孔段型风帽
US9371227B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2016-06-21 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Integration of reforming/water splitting and electrochemical systems for power generation with integrated carbon capture
US9376318B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2016-06-28 The Ohio State University Conversion of carbonaceous fuels into carbon free energy carriers
US9518236B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2016-12-13 The Ohio State University Research Foundation Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture
US9616403B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-04-11 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems and methods for converting carbonaceous fuels
US9777920B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2017-10-03 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Oxygen carrying materials
US9903584B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2018-02-27 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems for converting fuel
US10010847B2 (en) 2010-11-08 2018-07-03 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Circulating fluidized bed with moving bed downcomers and gas sealing between reactors
US10022693B2 (en) 2014-02-27 2018-07-17 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems and methods for partial or complete oxidation of fuels
US10144640B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2018-12-04 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Methods for fuel conversion
US10549236B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2020-02-04 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems, methods and materials for NOx decomposition with metal oxide materials
US11090624B2 (en) 2017-07-31 2021-08-17 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Reactor system with unequal reactor assembly operating pressures
US11111143B2 (en) 2016-04-12 2021-09-07 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Chemical looping syngas production from carbonaceous fuels
US11413574B2 (en) 2018-08-09 2022-08-16 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems, methods and materials for hydrogen sulfide conversion
US11453626B2 (en) 2019-04-09 2022-09-27 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Alkene generation using metal sulfide particles
US12134560B2 (en) 2019-01-17 2024-11-05 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems, methods and materials for stable phase syngas generation
US12161969B2 (en) 2019-09-03 2024-12-10 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Redox reaction facilitated carbon dioxide capture from flue gas and conversion to carbon monoxide
US12350651B2 (en) 2019-08-19 2025-07-08 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Mesoporous support-immobilized metal oxide-based nanoparticles

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4249472A (en) * 1976-03-12 1981-02-10 Mitchell Douglas A Thermal reactors
US4335662A (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-06-22 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Solid fuel feed system for a fluidized bed

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4249472A (en) * 1976-03-12 1981-02-10 Mitchell Douglas A Thermal reactors
US4335662A (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-06-22 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Solid fuel feed system for a fluidized bed

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2158878C1 (ru) * 2000-05-16 2000-11-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭКОСЕРВИС ПРИМ" Реактор для термического обезвреживания отходов
CN100504165C (zh) * 2004-05-21 2009-06-24 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 镶嵌多孔段型风帽
DE102005005796A1 (de) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-17 Applikations- Und Technikzentrum Für Energieverfahrens-, Umwelt- Und Strömungstechnik (Atz-Evus) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermochemischen Umsetzung eines Brennstoffs
US10081772B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2018-09-25 The Ohio State University Conversion of carbonaceous fuels into carbon free energy carriers
US9376318B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2016-06-28 The Ohio State University Conversion of carbonaceous fuels into carbon free energy carriers
US9371227B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2016-06-21 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Integration of reforming/water splitting and electrochemical systems for power generation with integrated carbon capture
US9518236B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2016-12-13 The Ohio State University Research Foundation Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture
US10865346B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2020-12-15 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture
US10253266B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2019-04-09 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture
US10010847B2 (en) 2010-11-08 2018-07-03 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Circulating fluidized bed with moving bed downcomers and gas sealing between reactors
US9777920B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2017-10-03 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Oxygen carrying materials
US9903584B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2018-02-27 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems for converting fuel
US10502414B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2019-12-10 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Oxygen carrying materials
US10501318B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2019-12-10 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Methods for fuel conversion
US10144640B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2018-12-04 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Methods for fuel conversion
US9616403B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-04-11 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems and methods for converting carbonaceous fuels
US10022693B2 (en) 2014-02-27 2018-07-17 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems and methods for partial or complete oxidation of fuels
US11111143B2 (en) 2016-04-12 2021-09-07 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Chemical looping syngas production from carbonaceous fuels
US11090624B2 (en) 2017-07-31 2021-08-17 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Reactor system with unequal reactor assembly operating pressures
US10549236B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2020-02-04 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems, methods and materials for NOx decomposition with metal oxide materials
US11413574B2 (en) 2018-08-09 2022-08-16 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems, methods and materials for hydrogen sulfide conversion
US11826700B2 (en) 2018-08-09 2023-11-28 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems, methods and materials for hydrogen sulfide conversion
US12134560B2 (en) 2019-01-17 2024-11-05 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Systems, methods and materials for stable phase syngas generation
US11453626B2 (en) 2019-04-09 2022-09-27 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Alkene generation using metal sulfide particles
US11767275B2 (en) 2019-04-09 2023-09-26 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Alkene generation using metal sulfide particles
US12350651B2 (en) 2019-08-19 2025-07-08 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Mesoporous support-immobilized metal oxide-based nanoparticles
US12161969B2 (en) 2019-09-03 2024-12-10 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Redox reaction facilitated carbon dioxide capture from flue gas and conversion to carbon monoxide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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