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WO1989012086A1 - Process and facility for pyrolysis of plastics, special waste containing organic materials, etc., in modified sand cokes - Google Patents

Process and facility for pyrolysis of plastics, special waste containing organic materials, etc., in modified sand cokes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989012086A1
WO1989012086A1 PCT/DE1989/000411 DE8900411W WO8912086A1 WO 1989012086 A1 WO1989012086 A1 WO 1989012086A1 DE 8900411 W DE8900411 W DE 8900411W WO 8912086 A1 WO8912086 A1 WO 8912086A1
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Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
fed
reactor
plastics
sand
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PCT/DE1989/000411
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Artur Richard Greul
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Priority claimed from DE3819699A external-priority patent/DE3819699C1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/40—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by heating to effect chemical change, e.g. pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/16—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form
    • C10B49/18—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form according to the "moving bed" type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the pyrolytic recycling of plastics, but also parts of special organic waste, old tires, chlorofluorocarbons, etc., and thereby. the recovery of valuable raw materials.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method for pyrolysis in modified sand coker, in which the requirements for high usability in operation, low emissions, which are crucial for practical usability, since hardly any exhaust gases, long service life and high throughput rates, rapid heating and so that there is complete degassing in the respective temperature range.
  • the sand koker must be equipped in such a way that it meets all requirements.
  • the invention solves this problem with the method according to claims 1 and 2 and the coking device according to claim 8.
  • chlorinated hydrocarbons such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or dibenzofurans and dioxins (TCDD), chlorinated hydrocarbon mixtures from crop protection product production with a comparatively high total content of bound Chlorine of more than 50 percent and many materials and substances that are considered special waste, pyrolyzed according to this process and the subsequent hydrogenation and catalytic dehydrochlorination in the KTI-Relube or Chloroff process, which is a hydrodechlorination process, processed so that there is no destruction by landfilling, incineration, even lake incineration, rather all these substances and similar others can be sent to normal recycling.
  • HAB hexachlorobenzene
  • PCB polychlorinated biphenyls
  • TCDD dibenzofurans and dioxins
  • Pre-shredded plastics from a separate collection for household waste disposal as well as toxic waste oils, which were bound in sawdust, bound dry paints and lacquer sludge are fed into the pyrolysis reactor 4+ via a lock belt conveyor via a lock 41.
  • a heated heat transfer medium is fed via line 52 through a gas stream to a feed cyclone 42 by fans 48 and via heater 49, separated from the heating or transport gas and via lock 41a in cyclone 42 also fed to the reactor 40 and evenly distributed by the leveler 44.
  • degassing or coking begins immediately, the pyrolysis gases and vapors being drawn off being drawn off via line 46 for further processing.
  • the pyrolysis material with the heat transfer medium moves downward by its own gravity and is taken over by at least one transport screw 45 and passed over a sieve 50 which is arranged offset to the reactor 40.
  • the heat transfer medium runs off in the hopper 51 and is returned to the feed cyclone 42 via the metering device 60 and blower 48 via the heater 49 and line 52.
  • the pyrolysis coke remaining in the screw 45 is fed hot to a mill (not shown) and ground to a grain size of 0.5 to 3 mm and then fed via line 57 to the heater 49, optionally as an energy source.
  • the necessary air is added via line 56 into the recycle gas of line 53. Excess cycle gas is withdrawn.
  • the highly heated heat transfer medium from heater 49 is fed to the silo 58 via a line 52 in a gas stream, while the hot exhaust gas is fed to the blower 65 via line 54.
  • the heat transfer medium is drawn off in the bunker 61 via the sieve 63 and the feed cyclone 42 with the residual heat, which here is still approximately 400-500.degree leads.
  • the coke is treated as before.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for pyrolysis of plastics, special waste containing organic materials, old tyres, toxic spent oils, chlorofluorocarbons, etc., in modified sand cokes, the material is gently pyrolysed by a fine-particle heat carrier heated to approx. 400-700°C in a vertical reactor. Also described is a two-stage facility in which the first stage is heated at approx. 400-500°C and the second stage at approx. 600-800°C.

Description

Verfahren zur Pyrolisierung von Kunststoffen, Teilen organi schen Sondermülls etc. im modifizierten Sandkoker und Vorrichtung zu seiner Durchführung Process for the pyrolysis of plastics, parts of organic special waste, etc. in the modified sand coker and device for carrying it out

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur pyrolytischen Verwertung von Kunststoffen, aber auch Teilen von organischem Sondermüll, Altreifen, Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffen usw., sowie dadurch. die Rückgewinnung wertvoller Rohstoffe.The invention relates to a process for the pyrolytic recycling of plastics, but also parts of special organic waste, old tires, chlorofluorocarbons, etc., and thereby. the recovery of valuable raw materials.

In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland fallen pro Jahr ca. 5 Mio. t Sondermüll an mit steigender Tendenz, die zu mehr als 25 Prozent als pyrolysefähig zu betrachten sind. Durch Getrenntsammlung beim Hausmüll könnten täglich Tausende von Tonnen Kunststoff der Pyrolyse zugeführt werden. All diese Stoffe werden deponiert oder verbrannt.In the Federal Republic of Germany, around 5 million t of hazardous waste are generated each year with an increasing tendency, more than 25 percent of which can be considered pyrolysis-ready. Separate collection of household waste could pyrolize thousands of tons of plastic every day. All of these materials are dumped or burned.

Die Verbrennung von Sondermüll an Land, im Drehrohrofen sowie FCKW zu Schiff auf See ist die am meisten praktizierte Beseitigungsart mit all ihren Risiken: Explosionen, Brände, Entweichen von hochtoxischen Gasen und Dämpfen und ca. 6000 m3 Abgas pro Tonne Sondermüll sowie ihrer Unzu-verlassigkeit, denn Drehrohrofenanlagen, die bei ca. 1200 °C arbeiten, stehen im Durchschnitt ein Drittel des Jahres wegen Reparaturen still, so daß meist zwei Anlagen gebaut werden müssen, um eine zu betreiben.The incineration of hazardous waste on land, in a rotary kiln and CFCs by ship at sea is the most common method of disposal with all its risks: explosions, fires, escaping highly toxic gases and vapors and approx. 6000 m 3 exhaust gas per ton of hazardous waste as well as their Reliability, because rotary kiln plants that work at approx. 1200 ° C are shut down on average for a third of the year due to repairs, so that usually two plants have to be built to operate one.

Als weiteres ist die Pyrolysierung im indirekt beheizten Drehrohr vorgeschlagen (Noell, Salzgitter). Sie wurde auch bis Mai 1988 als Versuchsanlage betrieben. Es hat große Probleme mit der zwangsläufig großdimensionierten Abdichtung des Drehrohrs sowie des Eintragsystems gegeben, die noch nicht behoben sind. Ein weiterer Vorschlag ist unter DE-PS 26 58 371 gemacht durch die Pyrolysieruπg von Altreifen, aber auch Kunststoffen, Kunststoffabfällen etc. in der Wirbelschicht mit einem Wirbelmaterial, das eine Korngröße kleiner als 0,5 mm und einer Temperatur zwischen 650 bis 900 ºC vorsieht. Eine Anlage wurde erbaut (Ebenhausen), geplante Durchsatzmenge 6000 t/a.Pyrolysis in the indirectly heated rotary tube is also proposed (Noell, Salzgitter). It was also operated as a test facility until May 1988. There have been major problems with the inevitably large-sized sealing of the rotary tube and the entry system, which have not yet been remedied. Another proposal is made under DE-PS 26 58 371 by the pyrolysis of old tires, but also plastics, plastic waste, etc. in the fluidized bed with a fluidized material that has a grain size smaller than 0.5 mm and a temperature between 650 to 900 ° C . A plant was built (Ebenhausen), planned throughput 6000 t / a.

Wegen der beschriebenen, aber auch erkannten Nachteile aller Verfahren konnte sich bis heute nur die Verbrennung im Drehrohrofen halten.Because of the described but also recognized disadvantages of all processes, only the combustion in the rotary kiln was able to survive until today.

Die vorliegenden Erfindung geht von der Aufgabe aus, ein Verfahren zur Pyrolysierung im modifizierten Sandkoker zu schaffen, bei dem die für eine praktische Brauchbarkeit entscheidenden Forderungen nach hoher Sicherheit beim Betrieb, geringe Emissionen, da kaum Abgase, lange Standzeiten sowie hohe Durchsatzmengen, schnelle Durchheizung und damit eine vollständige Entgasung im jeweiligen Temperaturspektrum gegeben sind. Hierzu ist der Sandkoker so auszurüsten, daß er allen Anforderungen genügt.The present invention has for its object to provide a method for pyrolysis in modified sand coker, in which the requirements for high usability in operation, low emissions, which are crucial for practical usability, since hardly any exhaust gases, long service life and high throughput rates, rapid heating and so that there is complete degassing in the respective temperature range. For this purpose, the sand koker must be equipped in such a way that it meets all requirements.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe mit den Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2 und der Verkokungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8.The invention solves this problem with the method according to claims 1 and 2 and the coking device according to claim 8.

Es hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß der in den 50er und 60er Jahren konzipierte Sandkoker zur Schwelung von Steinkohlenbriketts, wie unter den DE-PS'n 971 243, 977 147 sowie 14 71 556 mit Zusatzpatenten sowie 15 71 639 mit Zusatzpatenten beschrieben, in modifizierter Form eine perfekte und schonende Pyrolyse im jeweiligen Temperaturbereich gewährleistet.It has surprisingly been found that the sand coker designed in the 50s and 60s for the smoldering of hard coal briquettes, as described in DE-PS'n 971 243, 977 147 and 14 71 556 with additional patents and 15 71 639 with additional patents, is modified Form ensures a perfect and gentle pyrolysis in the respective temperature range.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß in den einzelnen Stufen bestimmte Temperaturen für gegebene Materialien fast genau eingehalten werden können, so daß eine höchstmögliche Genauigkeit in der Prozeßführung machbar ist, was ein gutes Recyclingergebni s bedeutet.It has been shown that certain temperatures for given materials almost in the individual stages can be adhered to exactly, so that the highest possible accuracy in the process control is feasible, which means a good recycling result.

Es hat sich ferner gezeigt, daß Shreddergut, Kunststoffe wie PVC etc., chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, etwa Hexa- chlorbenzol (HCB), polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) oder Dibenzofurane und Dioxine (TCDD), Chlorkohlenwasserstoffgemische aus der Pflanzenschutzmittelproduktion mit einem vergleichsweise hohen Gesamtgehalt an gebundenem Chlor von mehr als 50 Prozent und vielen Materialien und Stoffen mehr, die als Sondermüll gelten, nach diesem Verfahren pyrolysiert und der darauffolgenden Hydrierung sowie katalytischen Dehydrochlorierung im KTI-Relube- oder Chloroff-Verfahren, welches sich als Hydrodechlorierungs-Verfahren darstellt, verarbeitet werden, so daß eine Vernichtung durch Deponierung, Verbrennung, auch Seeverbrennung entfällt, vielmehr all diese Stoffe und ähnliche andere einem ganz normalen Recycling zugeführt werden können.It has also been shown that shredded material, plastics such as PVC etc., chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or dibenzofurans and dioxins (TCDD), chlorinated hydrocarbon mixtures from crop protection product production with a comparatively high total content of bound Chlorine of more than 50 percent and many materials and substances that are considered special waste, pyrolyzed according to this process and the subsequent hydrogenation and catalytic dehydrochlorination in the KTI-Relube or Chloroff process, which is a hydrodechlorination process, processed so that there is no destruction by landfilling, incineration, even lake incineration, rather all these substances and similar others can be sent to normal recycling.

Es muß darauf hingewiesen werden, daß alle Teile, die unter Vorrichtungsanspruch 8 genannt werden, hoher Abrasivität unterworfen sind, so daß eine Auskleidung mit einem Verschleißschutz geboten ist. Auch können die Transportschnecken geteilt nach beiden Seiten austragen.It must be pointed out that all parts that are mentioned under device claim 8 are subject to high abrasiveness, so that a lining with wear protection is required. The screw conveyors can also be discharged on both sides.

Beispiel 1 (Fig. 1)Example 1 (Fig. 1)

Vorzerkleinerte Kunststoffe aus einer Getrenntsammlung bei der Hausmüllentsorgung sowie toxische Altöle, welche in Sägespänen gebunden wurden, gebundene trockene Farben und Lackschlämme werden über einen nicht dargestellten Rollgurtförderer über eine Schleuse 41 in den Pyrolysereaktor 4+ eingetragen. Gleichzeitig wird durch Gebläse 48 und über Erhitzer 49 ein aufgeheizter Wärmeträger über Leitung 52 durch einen Gasstrom einem Aufgabezyklon 42 zugeführt, om Heiz- bzw. Transportgas getrennt und über Schleuse41a im Zyklon 42 gleichfalls dem Reaktor 40 zugeführt und durch den Egalisator 44 gleichmäßig verteilt. Hierbei setzt sofort die Entgasung bzw. die Verkokung ein, wobei die entstehenden Pyrolysegase und dämpfe über Leitung 46 zur Weiterverarbeitung abgezogen werden. Das Pyrolysegut mit dem Wärmeträger wandert durch die eigene Schwerkraft nach unten und wird von mindestens einer Transportschnecke 45 übernommen und über ein Sieb 50, welches versetzt zum Reaktor 40 angeordnet ist, geführt. Hier läuft der Wärmeträger im Eunker 51 ab und wird über Dosierer 60 und Gebläse 48 über den Erhitzer 49 und Leitung 52 zum Aufgabezyklon 42 zurückgeführt. Der in der Schnecke 45 verbleibende Pyrolysekoks wird heiß einer nicht dargestellten Mühle zugeführt und auf eine Korngröße 0,5 bis 3 mm gemahlen und dann über Leitung 57 dem Erhitzer 49 ggf. als Energieträger zugeführt. Die notwendige Luft wird über Leitung 56 in das Kreislaufgas der Leitung 53 zugegeben. Überschüssiges Kreislaufgas wird abgezogen.Pre-shredded plastics from a separate collection for household waste disposal as well as toxic waste oils, which were bound in sawdust, bound dry paints and lacquer sludge are fed into the pyrolysis reactor 4+ via a lock belt conveyor via a lock 41. At the same time, a heated heat transfer medium is fed via line 52 through a gas stream to a feed cyclone 42 by fans 48 and via heater 49, separated from the heating or transport gas and via lock 41a in cyclone 42 also fed to the reactor 40 and evenly distributed by the leveler 44. In this case, degassing or coking begins immediately, the pyrolysis gases and vapors being drawn off being drawn off via line 46 for further processing. The pyrolysis material with the heat transfer medium moves downward by its own gravity and is taken over by at least one transport screw 45 and passed over a sieve 50 which is arranged offset to the reactor 40. Here the heat transfer medium runs off in the hopper 51 and is returned to the feed cyclone 42 via the metering device 60 and blower 48 via the heater 49 and line 52. The pyrolysis coke remaining in the screw 45 is fed hot to a mill (not shown) and ground to a grain size of 0.5 to 3 mm and then fed via line 57 to the heater 49, optionally as an energy source. The necessary air is added via line 56 into the recycle gas of line 53. Excess cycle gas is withdrawn.

Beispiel 2 (Fig. 2)Example 2 (Fig. 2)

Um eine schonende Pyrolyse durchzuführen, kann man mit zwei oder mehreren Wärmestufen arbeiten, indem man das bei niedriger Temperatur vorpyrolysierte Gut durch Zugabe eines höher erhitzten Wärmeträgers über einen Dosierer 59 aus Silo 58 in der Transportschnecke 45 nachpyrolysiert und die Pyrolysegase über Sammelleitungen 55 und Abgabe 46 abführt. Der hocherhitzte Wärmeträger aus Erhitzer 49 wird über eine Leitung 52 in einem Gasstrom dem Silo 58 zugeführt, während das heiße Abgas über Leitung 54 dem Gebläse 65 zugeführt wird. Über Sieb 63 wird der Wärmeträger in Bunker 61 abgezogen und über Dosierer 62 mit Gebläse 65 und Leitung 64 dem Aufgabezyklon 42 mit der Restwärme, die hier noch ca. 400 - 500° C beträgt, zuge führt. Der Koks wird wie vor behandelt.In order to carry out a gentle pyrolysis, one can work with two or more heat stages by post-pyrolyzing the material pre-pyrolyzed at low temperature by adding a higher-temperature heat transfer medium via a metering device 59 made of silo 58 in the transport screw 45 and the pyrolysis gases via collecting lines 55 and discharge 46 dissipates. The highly heated heat transfer medium from heater 49 is fed to the silo 58 via a line 52 in a gas stream, while the hot exhaust gas is fed to the blower 65 via line 54. The heat transfer medium is drawn off in the bunker 61 via the sieve 63 and the feed cyclone 42 with the residual heat, which here is still approximately 400-500.degree leads. The coke is treated as before.

Mit einem Sandkoker dieser Modifizierung können bei einem Rauminhalt von ca. 200 m3 ca. 1150 t/d Pyrolysegut durchgesetzt werden, wobei, wenn als Wärme träger Sand verwandt wird, ca. 7000 t/d im Kreislauf umgewälzt werden. Auf den ersten Blick hält man dies für sehr aufwendig. In Wirklichkeit beträgt der Energiebedarf für den Sandtransport rund 350 kwh: das sind auf den Durchsatz bezogen 7 kwh/t. With a sand coker of this modification, about 1150 t / d of pyrolysis can be carried out with a volume of approx. 200 m 3 , whereby, if sand is used as a heat carrier, approx. 7000 t / d are circulated. At first glance, this is considered to be very complex. In reality, the energy requirement for sand transport is around 350 kwh: that is 7 kwh / t based on the throughput.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims 1. Verfahren zur Pyrolysierung von Kunststoffen, Teilen or- ganischen Sondermülls, auch chlorierter und/oder fluorierter Stoffe, auch Gemischen mit Kohlenwasserstoffen daraus unter absolutem Luftabschluß im modifizierten Sandkoker, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß1. Process for the pyrolysis of plastics, parts of organic hazardous waste, also chlorinated and / or fluorinated substances, also mixtures with hydrocarbons therefrom with absolute exclusion of air in the modified sand coker, so that e - die ggf. vorzerkleinerten Materialien über eine Schleuse (41) einem vertikalen Reaktor (40) zugeführt werden, dem gleichzeitig über einen Auf gabezyklon (42) mit Schleuse (41a) ein auf ca. 400 - 700 °C erhitzter, feinkörniger Wärme träger, z.B. Sand, Feinerz, Restschlacke etc., von einem Durchmesser von 0,5 - 3 mm in einem Gewichts-Mengen- Verhältnis von 1 : 4 bis 1 : 8 zugegeben wird, welche beim Eintrag im Reaktor (40) durch einen Egalisator (44) innig vermischt werden,- The possibly pre-comminuted materials are fed via a lock (41) to a vertical reactor (40), which is simultaneously heated via a feed cyclone (42) with lock (41a), a fine-grained heat carrier at approx. 400 - 700 ° C, e.g. Sand, fine ore, residual slag etc., with a diameter of 0.5 - 3 mm is added in a weight-quantity ratio of 1: 4 to 1: 8, which, when entering the reactor (40) by a leveler (44) be intimately mixed, - die Mischung durch die Abwärtsbewegung im Reaktor (40) in steter Bewegung gehalten und am Fuße des Reaktors (40) von mindestens einer horizontalen Transportschnecke (45) übernommen wird, die im Troge versetzt mit einem Sieb (50) versehen ist, durch welches der Wärmeträger in einen Bunker (51) abläuft,- The mixture is kept in constant motion by the downward movement in the reactor (40) and is taken over at the foot of the reactor (40) by at least one horizontal screw conveyor (45) which is offset in the trough and provided with a sieve (50) through which the Heat transfer medium runs into a bunker (51), - der Pyrolysekoks unter Luftabschluß einer Mühle zugeführt und auf 0,5 bis 3 mm gemalen wird, um ggf. über Eingabe (57) zur Erhitzung des Wärmeträgers als Ersatz für Pyrolysegas zu dienen. - The pyrolysis coke is fed to a mill in the absence of air and is painted to 0.5 to 3 mm in order to serve as a replacement for pyrolysis gas, if necessary, via input (57) for heating the heat transfer medium. 2. Verfahren zur Pyrolysierung von Kunststoffen, Teilen organischen Sondermülls, auch chlorierter und/oder fluorierter Stoffe, auch Gemischen mit Kohlenwasserstoffen daraus unter absolutem Luftabschluß im modifizierten Sandkoker, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß2. Process for the pyrolysis of plastics, parts of organic hazardous waste, including chlorinated and / or fluorinated substances, and also mixtures with hydrocarbons thereof with absolute exclusion of air in the modified sand coker, thereby ensuring that - bei zweistufiger Pyrolyse über einen Dosierer (59) aus einem Silo (58) ein auf 600 ois 800 ºC erhitzter Wärme träger für eine Nachpyrolyse dem Material zugegeben wird, der versetzt über ein Trogsieb (63) in einen Bunker (61) abgezogen und über einen Dosierer (62) und Leitung (64) in einen Gasstrom dem Auf gabezyklon (42) mit einer Temperature von 400 bis 500 °C zur Vorpyrolyse im Reaktor (40) zugeführt wird,- In two-stage pyrolysis via a dosing device (59) from a silo (58) a heated to 600 ois 800 ° C heat carrier for a post-pyrolysis is added to the material, which is offset over a trough sieve (63) drawn into a bunker (61) and over a metering device (62) and line (64) are fed into the gas supply cyclone (42) at a temperature of 400 to 500 ° C. for pre-pyrolysis in the reactor (40), - der Pyrolysekoks unter Luftabschluß einer Mühle zugeführt und auf 0,5 bis 3 mm gemahlen wird, um ggf. über Eingabe (57) zur Erhitzung des Wärmeträgers als Ersatz für Pyrolysegas zu dienen.- The pyrolysis coke is fed to a mill with the exclusion of air and ground to 0.5 to 3 mm in order to serve as a replacement for pyrolysis gas, if necessary, via input (57) for heating the heat transfer medium. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß pastöse und dickflüssige Stoffe durch geeignete Materialien wie z.B. Sägespäne, Sägemehl etc. verfestigt und so dem zu pyrolysierenden Materialstrom zugegeben werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that pasty and viscous substances by suitable materials such as. Sawdust, sawdust etc. solidified and thus added to the stream of material to be pyrolyzed. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 und 3, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß gasförmige oder flüssige Stoffe, ggf. vorerhitzt, über Düse oder Lanze (47) eingegeben werden.4. The method according to claim 1 or 2 and 3, characterized in that gaseous or liquid substances, optionally preheated, are introduced via a nozzle or lance (47). 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 und 3 und 4, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die über Leitung (46) abgezogenen Pyrolysegase mit den kondensierbaren Dämpfen zur Weiterverarbeitung einer Hydrierung zugeführt werden. 5. The method according to claim 1 or 2 and 3 and 4, characterized in that the pyrolysis gases withdrawn via line (46) are fed with the condensable vapors for further processing of a hydrogenation. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 und 3 bis 5, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß überschüssiges Pyrolysegas ggf. zur Wasserstofferzeugung genutzt wird.6. The method according to claim 1 or 2 and 3 to 5, characterized in that excess pyrolysis gas is optionally used for hydrogen generation. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 und 3 bis 6, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Verfahren auch in geteilten Transportschnecken durchgeführt werden kann.7. The method according to claim 1 or 2 and 3 to 6, characterized in that the method can also be carried out in split screw conveyors. 8. Verkokungsvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2 und 3 bis 7, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß alle Teile, die hohem Verschleiß unterworfen sind, wie z.B. Schneckentröge, SehneckenWindungen der Transportseite, Zyklone etc., mit einem Verschleißsdutz, wie z.B. Schmelzbasalt, versehen sind.Coking device for carrying out the method according to claims 1 or 2 and 3 to 7, characterized in that all parts which are subject to high wear, such as e.g. Screw troughs, chord corners, windings on the transport side, cyclones etc., with a wear protection, such as Melt basalt, are provided. 9. Verkokungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß er geteilte Transportschnecken aufweist. 9. coking device according to claim 8, characterized in that it has divided transport screws.
PCT/DE1989/000411 1988-06-09 1989-06-09 Process and facility for pyrolysis of plastics, special waste containing organic materials, etc., in modified sand cokes Ceased WO1989012086A1 (en)

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DE3819699A DE3819699C1 (en) 1988-06-09 1988-06-09 Process for pyrolysing plastics, components of organic hazardous waste and the like in modified sand coker, and equipment for carrying out the process
DE3835941A DE3835941A1 (en) 1988-06-09 1988-10-21 PROCESS OF PLASTIC PYROLYSIS IN SANDCOKER
DEP3835941.3 1988-10-21

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FR2668774A1 (en) * 1990-11-07 1992-05-07 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SOLID FUEL FROM COMBUSTIBLE WASTE.
EP0635114A4 (en) * 1992-04-06 1995-05-31 Wu Arthur Cheng Hsin Thermal conversion pyrolysis reactor system.
EP0684977A4 (en) * 1993-02-19 1996-03-20 Frank D Marhanka Method and apparatus for desulfurizing coal.
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EP2717990A1 (en) * 2011-06-07 2014-04-16 Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives Reactive solid/heat-transport gas reactor including a helical duct in which the solid and the gas flow in opposite directions

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