WO1982004519A1 - Electric arc control device - Google Patents
Electric arc control device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1982004519A1 WO1982004519A1 PCT/BE1982/000013 BE8200013W WO8204519A1 WO 1982004519 A1 WO1982004519 A1 WO 1982004519A1 BE 8200013 W BE8200013 W BE 8200013W WO 8204519 A1 WO8204519 A1 WO 8204519A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reaction chamber
- fuel
- electric arc
- fields
- aerodynamic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
- H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
- H05B7/185—Heating gases for arc discharge
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for controlling an electric arc and is particularly applicable to arc furnaces and plasma ovens or torches.
- One of the methods known and used for a very long time to heat a gas to a high temperature consists in using an electric device in which the energy supply is due to the creation of one or more arcs electric, which led to the development of arc and / or plasma ovens.
- Arc furnaces are precisely one area in which controlling the movement of the arc is very important.
- Arc furnaces generally have at least one reaction chamber in which the electrodes between which the arc flows are located. In this reaction chamber, a gas or a gaseous mixture is introduced into the zone where the arc exists, so that by supplying heat, one or more gases at the desired temperature are obtained at the outlet. .
- the aforementioned hot gases are very interesting, because they contain CO which is very useful for the reduction of the ore.
- an oxidizing gas which is often air alone or enriched in oxygen, or composed of CO 2 or H 2 O, and this so as to obtain by reaction with another element, CO and H 2 .
- the major problem when using hot gases and / or plasmas consists in the thermal resistance to the constituent materials of the apparatus brought into contact with hot gases and / or plasmas.
- the type of fuel injection that is to say tangential, radial or helical, does not matter and it is mainly the parameters of the magnetic field or fields applied to the arc which determine the displacement of the feet of the arc on the electrodes.
- the characteristic of the device of the present invention is to allow a control of the movements of the arc based on observations of the aerodynamic fields present in the reaction chamber and this by acting on parameters related to the fuel injection devices, and possibly oxidizing gas with incidental and / or corrective intervention on one or more magnetic fields.
- the device of the invention is described in the particular case of its use in the case of an arc furnace comprising a reaction chamber with injection of oxidizing and / or oxidizing and / or reducing gas.
- the voluntary limitation of the description in the case of an oven is not restrictive of the scope of the invention, but only due to the desire to present it as clearly as possible.
- the device of the invention can be used in appropriate form in various devices in which the control of the displacement of one or more arcs is desired.
- the device for controlling an electric arc, object of the present invention applicable to an arc furnace comprising at least one reaction chamber in which are located at least two electrodes, a device for injecting a fuel, possibly a separate device for introducing an oxidizer and possibly means for creating one or more magnetic fields in the aforementioned reaction chamber, is essentially characterized in that it comprises means for moving the electric arc constituted at least mainly and preferably entirely by generators of aerodynamic fields.
- aerodynamic fields is meant a spatio-temporal distribution of the movements of the fuel and / or of the oxidizer and / or of the gases resulting from reactions in the aforementioned reaction chamber.
- the means generating aerodynamic fields are the device for injecting the fuel into the reaction chamber.
- the means generating aerodynamic fields for moving the electric arc in the reaction chamber are the fuel injection and oxidant introduction devices.
- the device of the invention is equipped with means for adjusting the aerodynamic fields modifying the directions in which the fuel is injected into the reaction chamber.
- the reaction chamber has a cylindrical symmetry and it can for example be limited by two coaxial cylinders; the electrodes may be two coaxial cylinders arranged one after the other in the axial direction and having between them an interval in which is located the fuel injection device; the means of modulating the aerodynamic fields are not only modifiers of the direction of injection of the fuel which can pass through different positions such as radial, tangential, helical and all the intermediate cases, but also possibly adapters of the speed to which the fuel is injected.
- the aerodynamic field modulators cause a rotation of the electric arc.
- the fuel injection device gives the latter a speed at least equal to 90 m / second and less than that of sound.
- a field magnetic back-up is created and the displacements of the electric arc are governed by the simultaneous action of the extra magnetic field and the aerodynamic fields present in the reaction chamber.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Dispositif de contrôle d'un arc électrique. Electric arc control device.
La présente invention a trait à un dispositif de contrôle d'un arc électrique et est particulièrement applicable aux fours à arcs et fours ou torches à plasma.The present invention relates to a device for controlling an electric arc and is particularly applicable to arc furnaces and plasma ovens or torches.
Les domaines d'utilisation de gaz à hautes et très hautes températures sont très étendus et fort diversifiés. Ces gaz sont utilisés en chimie, métallurgie, dans les techniques de revêtement et aussi dans les techniques de soudage.The fields of use of gases at high and very high temperatures are very wide and very diverse. These gases are used in chemistry, metallurgy, in coating techniques and also in welding techniques.
Une des méthodes connues et utilisées depuis fort longtemps pour chauffer un gaz à une température élevée par exemple 2000 à 5000οC consiste à utiliser un appareil électrique dans lequel l'apport d'énergie est dû à la création d'un ou de plusieurs arcs électriques, ce qui a conduit au développement des fours à arcs et/ou à plasma. Les fours à arcs sont précisément un domaine dans lequel le contrôle du déplacement de l' arc est fort important . Les fours à arcs comportent généralement au moins une chambre de réaction où sont sises les électrodes entre lesquelles l ' arc jaillit . Dans cette chambre de réaction, un gaz ou un mé lange gazeux est introduit dans la zone où l' arc existe, ce de telle sorte que par apport de chaleur, on obtienne à la sortie de la dite chambre un ou des gaz à température voulue . Bans beaucoup de cas, on peut prévoir un dispositif propre qui inj ecte un combustible dans la zone où l' arc existe et un autre dispositif pour admettre un comburant, et ce afin de provoquer une réaction libérant des gaz chauds de composition adéquate.One of the methods known and used for a very long time to heat a gas to a high temperature, for example 2000 to 5000 ο C, consists in using an electric device in which the energy supply is due to the creation of one or more arcs electric, which led to the development of arc and / or plasma ovens. Arc furnaces are precisely one area in which controlling the movement of the arc is very important. Arc furnaces generally have at least one reaction chamber in which the electrodes between which the arc flows are located. In this reaction chamber, a gas or a gaseous mixture is introduced into the zone where the arc exists, so that by supplying heat, one or more gases at the desired temperature are obtained at the outlet. . In many cases, it is possible to provide a clean device which injects a fuel into the area where the arc exists and another device for admitting an oxidizer, in order to cause a reaction releasing hot gases of suitable composition.
Dans certains cas, par exemple en métallurgie dans le cadre de la réduction de minerai de fer avec injection de gaz réducteurs, les gaz chauds précités sont fort intéressants, car ils contiennent du CO qui est fort utile peur la réduction du minerai.In certain cases, for example in metallurgy within the framework of the reduction of iron ore with injection of reducing gases, the aforementioned hot gases are very interesting, because they contain CO which is very useful for the reduction of the ore.
En outre, il est aussi connu d ' injecter dans la chambre de réaction, un gaz oxydant qui est souvent de l' air seul ou enrichi en oxygène, ou composé de CO2 ou H2O, et ce de manière à obtenir par réaction avec un autre élément, du CO et du H2 .In addition, it is also known to inject into the reaction chamber, an oxidizing gas which is often air alone or enriched in oxygen, or composed of CO 2 or H 2 O, and this so as to obtain by reaction with another element, CO and H 2 .
Le problème majeur lors de l' emploi de gaz chauds et/ou de plasmas consiste en la résistance thermique àas matériaux constitutifs de l' appareillage mis en contact avec les gaz chauds et/ou les plasmas .The major problem when using hot gases and / or plasmas consists in the thermal resistance to the constituent materials of the apparatus brought into contact with hot gases and / or plasmas.
Dans cet ordre d ' idée, les points de contact d ' un arc é lectrique avec les électrodes enzre lesquelles il s ' établit, c ' est-à- dire les pieds ce l' arc électrique, sont particulierement sollicités de par la très hauze température qui y règne, ce qui peut mener à la destruction rapide de l'électrode.In this order of idea, the points of contact of an electric arc with the enzyme electrodes on which it is established, that is to say the feet of the electric arc, are particularly stressed by the very high prevailing temperature, which can lead to rapid destruction of the electrode.
Afin de pallier cet inconvénient grave, on a mis en oeuvre divers types de solutions dont la plus répandue consiste à déplacer les pieds de l'arc électrique sur les électrodes de manière à changer constamment les lieux soumis à haute température. La technique communément développée pour faire mouvoir l'arc, et donc aussi ses pieds sur les électrodes, consiste à utiliser un champ magnétique généré dans l'espace où est créé l'arc électrique. L'interaction entre l'arc et le champ magnétique a pour effet la création d'une force qui déplace l'arc.In order to overcome this serious drawback, various types of solutions have been implemented, the most common of which is to move the feet of the electric arc on the electrodes so as to constantly change the places subjected to high temperature. The technique commonly developed to move the arc, and therefore also its feet on the electrodes, consists in using a magnetic field generated in the space where the electric arc is created. The interaction between the arc and the magnetic field creates a force that moves the arc.
Dans la méthode de contrôle précitée, le type d'injection du combustible, c'est-à-dire tangentiel, radial ou hélicoïdal, importe peu et c'est principalement les paramètres du ou des champs magnétiques appliqués à l'arc qui déterminent le déplacement des pieds de l'arc sur les électrodes.In the aforementioned control method, the type of fuel injection, that is to say tangential, radial or helical, does not matter and it is mainly the parameters of the magnetic field or fields applied to the arc which determine the displacement of the feet of the arc on the electrodes.
De plus, les déplacements sont souvent fort influencés par les courants aerodynamiques perturbateurs qui prennent naissance au cours de la combustion.In addition, the movements are often strongly influenced by the aerodynamic disturbing currents which arise during combustion.
Le propre du dispositif de la présente invention est de permettre un contrôle des mouvements de l'arc basé sur des observations des champs aérodynamiques présents dans la chambre de réaction et ce en agissant sur des paramètres liés aux dispositifs d'injection du combustible, et éventuellement du gaz oxydant avec intervention accessoire et/ou correctrice d'un ou de plusieurs champs magnétiques.The characteristic of the device of the present invention is to allow a control of the movements of the arc based on observations of the aerodynamic fields present in the reaction chamber and this by acting on parameters related to the fuel injection devices, and possibly oxidizing gas with incidental and / or corrective intervention on one or more magnetic fields.
Le dispositif de l'invention est décrit dans le cas particulier de son utilisation dans le cas d'un four à arc comprenant une chambre de réaction avec injection de gaz comburant et/ou oxydant et/ou réducteur. Toutefois, la limitation volontaire de la description au cas d'un four n'est pas restrictive du domaine d'application de l'invention, mais uniquement due au souci de la présenter le plus clairement possible. Il va de soi que le dispositif de l'invention peut être utilisé sous forme appropriée dans divers appareils dans lesquels le contrôle du déplacement d'un ou de plusieurs arcs est souhaité.The device of the invention is described in the particular case of its use in the case of an arc furnace comprising a reaction chamber with injection of oxidizing and / or oxidizing and / or reducing gas. However, the voluntary limitation of the description in the case of an oven is not restrictive of the scope of the invention, but only due to the desire to present it as clearly as possible. It goes without saying that the device of the invention can be used in appropriate form in various devices in which the control of the displacement of one or more arcs is desired.
Le dispositif de contrôle d'un arc électrique, objet de la présente invention, applicable à un four à arc comprenant au moins une chambre de réaction dans laquelle sont sises au moins deux électrodes, un dispositif pour injecter un combustible, éventuellement un dispositif distinct pour introduire un comburant et éventuellement des moyens pour créer un ou des champs magnétiques dans la chambre de réaction précitée, est essentiellement caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens pour déplacer l'arc électrique constitués au moins principalement et de préférence entièrement par des générateurs de champs aérodynamiques. On entend par champs aérodynamiques, une distribution spatio-temporelle des mouvements du combustible et/ou du comburant et/ou des gaz issus de réactions dans la chambre de réaction précitée.The device for controlling an electric arc, object of the present invention, applicable to an arc furnace comprising at least one reaction chamber in which are located at least two electrodes, a device for injecting a fuel, possibly a separate device for introducing an oxidizer and possibly means for creating one or more magnetic fields in the aforementioned reaction chamber, is essentially characterized in that it comprises means for moving the electric arc constituted at least mainly and preferably entirely by generators of aerodynamic fields. By aerodynamic fields is meant a spatio-temporal distribution of the movements of the fuel and / or of the oxidizer and / or of the gases resulting from reactions in the aforementioned reaction chamber.
Suivant une première modalité de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention, les moyens générateurs de champs aérodynamiques sont le dispositif d'injection du combustible dans la chambre de réaction.According to a first embodiment of the device of the invention, the means generating aerodynamic fields are the device for injecting the fuel into the reaction chamber.
Suivant une deuxième modalité de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention, les moyens générateurs de champs aérodynamiques pour déplacer l ' arc électrique dans la chambre de réaction sont les dispositifs d'injection de combustible et d'introduction de comburant. Suivant une autre modalité de réalisation, le dispositif de l' invention est équipé de moyens de réglage des champs aérodynamiques modifiant les directions suivant lesquelles le combustible est inj ecté dans la chambre de réaction.According to a second embodiment of the device of the invention, the means generating aerodynamic fields for moving the electric arc in the reaction chamber are the fuel injection and oxidant introduction devices. According to another embodiment, the device of the invention is equipped with means for adjusting the aerodynamic fields modifying the directions in which the fuel is injected into the reaction chamber.
Suivant encore une autre modalité de réalisation du dispositif de l' invention, la chambre de réaction présente une symétrie cylindrique et elle peut par exemple être limitée par deux cylindres coaxiaux; les électrodes peuvent être deux cylindres coaxiaux disposés l 'un à la suite de l ' autre dans le sens axial et présentant entre eux un intervalle dans lequel est sis le dispositif d ' injection du combustible; les moyens de modulation des champs aérodynamiques sont non seulement des modificateurs de la direction d ' inj ection du combustible qui peut passer par différentes positions telles que radiale, tangen tielle, hélicoïdale et tous les cas intermédiaires, mais aussi éventuellement des adaptateurs de la vitesse à laquelle le combustible est injecté .According to yet another embodiment of the device of the invention, the reaction chamber has a cylindrical symmetry and it can for example be limited by two coaxial cylinders; the electrodes may be two coaxial cylinders arranged one after the other in the axial direction and having between them an interval in which is located the fuel injection device; the means of modulating the aerodynamic fields are not only modifiers of the direction of injection of the fuel which can pass through different positions such as radial, tangential, helical and all the intermediate cases, but also possibly adapters of the speed to which the fuel is injected.
Suivant une autre modalité préférentielle de réalisation du dispositif de l' invention, les modulateurs des champs aérodynamiques provoquent une rotation de l ' arc électrique .According to another preferred embodiment of the device of the invention, the aerodynamic field modulators cause a rotation of the electric arc.
Suivant encore une autre modalité préférentielle de réalisation du dispositif de l' invention, le dispositif d ' inj ection du combustible confère à ce dernier une vitesse au moins égale à 90 m/seconde et inférieure à celle du son.According to yet another preferred embodiment of the device of the invention, the fuel injection device gives the latter a speed at least equal to 90 m / second and less than that of sound.
Suivant encore une autre modalité de réalisation du dispositif de l ' invention, lors de conditions particulières de travail, par exemple de très basses ou de très hautes vitesses d ' inj ection du combustible pouvant faire naître des conditions de champs aérodynamiques non usuelles, un champ magnétique d ' appoint est créé et les déplacements de l'arc électrique sont régis par l'action simultanée du champ magnétique d'appoint et des champs aérodynamiques présents dans la chambre de réaction. According to yet another embodiment of the device of the invention, during particular working conditions, for example very low or very high fuel injection speeds which can give rise to unconventional aerodynamic field conditions, a field magnetic back-up is created and the displacements of the electric arc are governed by the simultaneous action of the extra magnetic field and the aerodynamic fields present in the reaction chamber.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU85232/82A AU8523282A (en) | 1981-06-10 | 1982-06-03 | Electric arc control device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE6/47469A BE889172A (en) | 1981-06-10 | 1981-06-10 | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRIC ARC |
| BE47469810610 | 1981-06-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1982004519A1 true WO1982004519A1 (en) | 1982-12-23 |
Family
ID=3874896
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BE1982/000013 Ceased WO1982004519A1 (en) | 1981-06-10 | 1982-06-03 | Electric arc control device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO1982004519A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA824042B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3377457A (en) * | 1965-01-12 | 1968-04-09 | Thermal Dynamics Corp | Electric arc torches |
| US3446902A (en) * | 1968-01-08 | 1969-05-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrode having oxygen jets to enhance performance and arc starting and stabilizing means |
| DE1468375B1 (en) * | 1964-01-20 | 1971-08-26 | Ministerul Ind Petrolului Si C | Arc reactor for the production of acetylene |
| DE2212977A1 (en) * | 1971-04-15 | 1972-10-19 | Petrolchemisches Kombinat | Plasma generator - using multiphase ac supply |
| US3777112A (en) * | 1969-01-10 | 1973-12-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Recurrent arc heating process |
| GB1515003A (en) * | 1975-03-13 | 1978-06-21 | Inst Teplo I Massoobmena Akade | Methods and apparatus for heating gas by electric arc discharge |
-
1982
- 1982-06-03 WO PCT/BE1982/000013 patent/WO1982004519A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-06-09 ZA ZA824042A patent/ZA824042B/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1468375B1 (en) * | 1964-01-20 | 1971-08-26 | Ministerul Ind Petrolului Si C | Arc reactor for the production of acetylene |
| US3377457A (en) * | 1965-01-12 | 1968-04-09 | Thermal Dynamics Corp | Electric arc torches |
| US3446902A (en) * | 1968-01-08 | 1969-05-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrode having oxygen jets to enhance performance and arc starting and stabilizing means |
| US3777112A (en) * | 1969-01-10 | 1973-12-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Recurrent arc heating process |
| DE2212977A1 (en) * | 1971-04-15 | 1972-10-19 | Petrolchemisches Kombinat | Plasma generator - using multiphase ac supply |
| GB1515003A (en) * | 1975-03-13 | 1978-06-21 | Inst Teplo I Massoobmena Akade | Methods and apparatus for heating gas by electric arc discharge |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA824042B (en) | 1983-04-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2198901A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for electric steelmaking | |
| CA2283252A1 (en) | Method and device for melting and refining materials capable of being vitrified | |
| KR930010512A (en) | Electric Arc Furnace Equipment for Steelmaking | |
| US9320125B2 (en) | Plasma device | |
| AU643795B2 (en) | Process and apparatus for melting a furnace charge | |
| RU2001108366A (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING METAL MELT AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL LONG FOR PRODUCING METAL MELT (OPTIONS) | |
| EP0171316A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for contacting at least two gaseous components reacting at high temperatures | |
| FR2556332A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS FROM HYDROCARBON FUEL | |
| FR2503598A1 (en) | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MELTING AND TREATING METALLIC RESIDUES | |
| EP0155254A2 (en) | Arc plasma torch | |
| ES2163313T3 (en) | DOUBLE LAUNCH INJECTION BURNER / DEVICE WITH ORIENTABLE LAUNCH UNITS AND FUSION METHOD USING IT. | |
| WO1982004519A1 (en) | Electric arc control device | |
| BE889172A (en) | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRIC ARC | |
| ES2170421T3 (en) | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE OPERATION OF A CUBA OVEN. | |
| ES2114388A1 (en) | Process for melting a metal charge in a rotary kiln, and rotary kiln for implementing such process | |
| AU534319B2 (en) | Method of steel production from solid ferrous materials | |
| EP0834049B1 (en) | Method for melting a batch in an electric arc furnace | |
| FR3030689A1 (en) | OXY-BURNER FOR COMBUSTIBLE GAS WITH LOW CALORIFIC POWER AND USE THEREOF | |
| LU84155A1 (en) | METHOD FOR MOVING AN ELECTRIC ARC | |
| JPH09243267A (en) | Method for preventing flow ability lowering of molten slag in plasma melting furnace | |
| CH598928A5 (en) | Heat boring non electrically conductive matls. | |
| BE829239R (en) | INSTALLATION FOR OBTAINING A HIGH TEMPERATURE PLASMA | |
| FR2548048A1 (en) | High-temperature reactor associated with a zone for generating plasma, in particular a mixed electricity-fuel burner | |
| FR2830208A1 (en) | Vibratory ignition of electric welding arc, uses electrical or mechanical vibration linked to arc supply to start arc | |
| RU2181861C2 (en) | Method for staged gasification and combustion of solid fuel in air-slag melt |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Designated state(s): AU JP US |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Designated state(s): DE FR LU SE |
|
| WA | Withdrawal of international application |