USRX71I2 - Improvement in machines for planing, tonguing, grooving, and dktssing boards - Google Patents

Description

' UNITED STATES PATENTV OFFICE.

XVILLIAM \V. W'OODW'ORTH, OF HYDE PARK, NEW' YORK. ADMINISTRATOR -7/ OF XVILLIAM \VOOD\VORTH.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR PLANING, TONGUING, GROOVING, AND DhESSlNG BOARDS, dic.

Specitlcation forming part of Letters Patent dated December 2T 1625!; Reissue No. 7l. lated July S, i545.

To ali whom it may concern.-

Be it known that the following is a full, clear, aud exact description of the method of Planing, Tonguing, and Grooving Plank or Boards invented by WILLIAM WooDwoR'rH, deceased, and for which Letters Patent ofthe United States were granted to hiin on the 27th day of December, in the year 1828, the said Letters Patent having been surrendered for the purpose of describing the same invention and pointing out in what it consists in more clear, full, and exact terms than was done in the original specification.

The plank or boards which are to be planed, tongued, and grooved are tirst to be reduced 'to a width by means of circulars'tws, by reducing-wheels, or by any other means. XVheu circular saws are used for this purpose, two such saws should be placed upon the saine shalt, on which they are to be capable of adjustment, so that they may be made to stand at any required distance apart. Under these the board or plank is to be forced forward and brou'ght to the width required. This apparatus and process do not require to be -further explained, they being well understood by lnechanicians.

When what has been above denominated reducing-wheels are used, theseare to consist of revolving cutter-wheels, which resemble in their construction and action the planing and reducing wheel to be presently described.

These are to be made adjustable like the circular saws; but the latter are preferred for this purpose. The plank may be reduced to a width on a. separate machine. \Vheu the plank or boards have been thus prepared,(on a separate machine,) they may be placed on or against a suitable carriage resting on a frame or platform7 so as to be acted upon by a rotary cutting or planing and reducing wheel, which wheel may be made to revolve either horizontally or vertically,as may be preferred. The carriage which sustains the plank or board to be operated upon may be moved forward by means of a rack and pinion, by an endless chain or band, by geared frictionrollers,or by any of the devices well known to machinists for advancing a carriage or mat-erials to be acted upon in machines for various purposes. The plank or board is to be moved ou toward the cutting-edges of the cutters or 551'5 FPL-:Leren Doc.

knives o'n the plauiugcylimler, so that its knives or cutters as they revolve may moet and cut the plank or board in a direction contrary to that in which it is made to advance. The edges of the cutters are in this method prevented' from coming first into Contact with its surface, and are made to cut upward from the reduced part of thoplauk toward said surface, by which Ineans their edges are protected from injury by gritty matter, and the board or plank is more evenly and better planed than wheuinovedin the reverse direction. After the board or plank passes the planing-cylinder, and as soon or fast as the planing-cylinder has done its work on any part of the board or plank, the edges are brought into contact with two revolving cutter-wheels, one ot' which is adapted to the cutting of the groove, and the other to the cutting ot the two rabbets that form the tongue. 'hen the axis ot the planing and reducing Wheel stands vertically, the grooving and tongung wheels are placed one above the other, with the plank edgewisc between them. NVhen the axis ot' the planing-wheel stands horizonta1ly,these wheels are on the saniehorizontal plane with each other,standing ou perpendicular spindles.

The groovingwheel consists of a circular plate fixed on au axis, and having one, two, three, four, or more cutters, which are to be screwed, bolted, or otherwise attached to it, the edges ot' which cutters project beyond the periphery of the plate to such distance as is required for the depth ot' the groove. Their thickness may be such as is necessary for its width. They are of course so situated as to cnt the groove in the middle ofthe edge ofthe board, or asnearly so as may be required. The tonguing-whecl is similar in form to the grooviug-wheel; but it has cutters ou each ot' its sides, or otherwise so formed and arranged as to cut the two rabbets which are necessary to the formation of the tongue. The grooving and tonguing .cutters at the same time and by thesame operation reduce the board or plank to anexact width throughout. When the axis of the planing-wheel is placed vertically, the knives or cutters m'aygbe made to plane two planks at the same time, the planks being in 1 this case moved in contrary directions, and so as to meet the edges of the revolving knives `horizontally will, however,

n the machine,

varound the pulley b,

or cutters. When the machine is thus constructed, n. second pair of grooving and tonguing wheels may be mede to operatein the seme wey with those above described. A machine isto operate upon asingle plnn'l; or board, and having the nxis of tlle'planing-wheel placed be more simple and less expensive than that intended to opernte on two planks simultaneously.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective representation oi' the principal operating ports of the machine when nrianged ond combined for planing, tong'ning, and

growing, and when so arranged as to be capoble of planing two planks at the same time, the exis' ofthhJplening-wheel being placed verticelly. A A. is a stoutsubstantial freine of which may be of wood or of iron, end may be varied'in length, size, and strength. according to the work to be done. B B are the heads of the planinb-cylinder, and C C the knives or cutters, which extend from one to the other of said heads, to the peripheries oi' which they may be attached by means of screws. The knives GC, with the faces fern. ing e planing-angle, may be placed in e. line with the axis J ol' the cylinder, or they may stond obliqucly thereto, as muy be preferred; but in the letter case the odge should form the segment or portion of n helix. b represents a pulley near to the upper end of the anis J, and I a. pulley or drum, which may -be made to revolve by lhorse, steam, or other motive power, and from which a belt may extend to drive the plnui'ngcylindcr and other parts of the machinery.` G is the carriage, which is represented as being driven forward by means of a. rack and pinion, H. Against this carriage the plank l which is tobe pinned, tongucd, and greoved is placed, r

and is made to advance with it. It will be mnifest, however, that the plank in moved forward by other 1neans-es, for ex` ample, by nn endless chain or bond passing nrounddrmns or chain-wheels, or by means of geared frietiou-wheels borne up against it. To canse the carriage'and plank to move forward readily, there mcy be friction-rollers' f f placed horizontally. sind extending un er them. The rollers f f.' f', which stand verti: cally, ere to be inode to press against the piani-z and keep it close to the carriage, and thus prevent the notion ot' the cutters from drawing the 'plank up from its bed in cutting from the pinned surface upward. They may be borne against it by ineens of weights or springs in e manner well known te machinists. 'in e single horizontal mnchine the horizontal friction-rollers may be geared and the prossnrerollezs placed above them, to feed he board with or without thecnrringc, e.. bedplnte being used directly under the pin-ningeyiindcr.

Fig. 2 is n separate view of ieder with its knives or en end View of one of the heads. E l 'nre the revolvingIr entrer or tongning and groovthe planing-cyloy be cutters, Fig. 3.

ing wheels, and D D whirls upon their shafts, which moy be driven by bonds or otherwise, so as to cause said wheels to revolve in the proper direction.

Fig. 4 is n. side view of one of these wheels. Fig. 5 is on edge'view of the tonguing-whecl, and Fig. an edge view of the grooving-wheel, the' two latter being each shown with twocut- `ters in .pl-ace. The number of cutters on these wheels may be varied5but they are represented as f u'rnished with four. The ,cutters may be fixed on the sides of circular plates, with their edges projecting beyond the periphery 'of said plate. The edges of.' the plank as its planed port passes the planing-eylinder are brought into contact with the abovedescribed tonguing end-growing wheels,whioh are so placed upon their shafts as shall be left at the proper distance from the face of the plank, the latter being sustained against the planing-cylinder .by means of, the carriage or bed-plate, or otherwise, cannot deviate, but mustbe reduced to a proper thickness arid correctly tongued and grooved. In Fig. 1, above referred to, only one carriage and one pair of cutter-wheels are shown,it not being deemed necessary the opposite side, spects.

Y Fig. represents the seine machine with the axis of the planing-cylinder placed horizontally, and intended to operate on one plank only at the same time. A A is the frame; the heads of the planing-cylinder; C C, the knives or cutters attached to saidheads. To meet the different thicknesses of the plank or boards, the bearings der may be made movable by screws or other means to ndjustit to the work; or the carriageror bed-plate maybe made so as to raise the board or plank up to the planing-cylinder. E and E are th they being similar in all'revertical shafts having upon them pulleys D D, around which pass belts or bends frein the main drum I, to which a revolving motion 4mey be given by enyndequate motive power. Fointhe drum la belt, L, passes also around the pulley b on the shaft of the planing-cylinder'and gives toitthe requisite motion. There may in this machine be a. horizontalfcarriege 'moved forward byn. raok'andpinio'n 1n a manner analogous to that represented iu Fig. 1; but in the present instance the plank is supposed to be advanced by means of one or two pairs offrietiou or' feed rollers. (Shown at ff rEhe uppermost, f f", of the pairs of rollers may be held down by springs or weighted levers, which it has not been thought necessary to show in this drawing, as such are 1n common use. The lowermost of these rollers may be noted or. made rough. on their surfaces, `-sees to conse friction on the under side ofthe plank. M M are pulleys ort-the axles of these' lower rollers, N N',whieh also poss e. shaft which crosses the frame A. Aand has a that the tongue and grooveso that it to represent those on of the shaft of the cylin e'rcvolving'cutter or tonguiug .and grooving wheels, which are placed upon which 'are embraced by hands around apulley, O, on

Pon a pulley, I. These bands and 'the width of the board. or plank to be plaried.

wheels; butl the followin pulley,T, on it which is embraced by the belt on the shaft of the main drum pulleys serve to give, x1i0- A tion to the feed-rollers, as will be readily un'. derstood by inspecting the drawings. RR are guide-strips used in place of the rollers, usedandI alsoifor bearin g or,

Having thusl fullyde'scrbed 'the parts and )combinations of parts and operation of the machine for planing, tonguing, andgroovng boards-or plank, and shdwnvarious modes in which. the same to operate vgithout changing 'the mode of operation of the mach claimed therein Woopwonrm deceased may .be constructed an dmade principleA or ine, what4 is4 as-the invention of WILLIAM ms opposite edge any pressure maybe' used -1- Theemploymentotftoiilllln Sl1bequal tothe weight of the`board or plank when3 stantiallysuch as herein described,4 inA combiworked in 'a vertical position. One of the cutter-wheels should be made adjustable, to adapt it to stuif of dierent widths.

The planingcylinder.and likewise the cutter .or tonguing and grooving wheels, may be cou'-4 strncted'in the manner represented in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and hereinbefore fully described. One of the heads of the planing-wheel maybe accommodate its leng'tlrt'o The respective parts of this machinegmay be yaried in size, as may also the velocity ofv the motion of the planing-cylinderand cutter has been fonndtoV answer well in and on the cutter-wheels may be six inches in diameter. The plank4 shouldi be moved fori chine may be in som'edegree varied; Ybut the' l found to worlwell.

scribed.-

3.'The combination of p l 4grooving cutter wheels for-. -tqngqin l grooving boards,'l&c.,'at'one'operation, as de nation `with frgolle'rs or any-analogous device to preve'nt the board from the planes when cutting reduc described.

with the cutter-wheels for ton 1' ng,'for the being drawn up'by -upward or from'the or placed tothe uuplaned surface, as The combi-nation of thel 4rotntingfplanes ding 'alldglrw purpose of p1aning,tong1ning,fand A boards,.&c. at oneV operation, as de- 4 l the touguifng'l and gf and :weee c .Y .s l ,14.The1combinaton ofeitherthto guing. Y gorlthe grooving f'g'rooviug boards, &c., with thepressurefrolldrs,as1desc`ribed,"the .eiffect 'f the pressurerollers 'inutiles'e yoperationsj" being 4anches tq ,keeptheboard,y&c.,.steady. and prevent the ,leutt'ers from. .drawing theflard--cowardthe ,-jcenteroflthe"cntter-.wheels'whil eit is moved- 'hllhrongh 'by mach-inery.- lIn the planing op cutterfwhxefel .ferritin y of the planesto litt the WrnnrAM 4W0onwerrrrr,

' 'Jaarkalender of William woadwmfgaemea.

theabove parteci' this ina- Witnesses:

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