USRE71E - Improvement in machines for planing, tonguing, grooving, and dh esslng boards - Google Patents

Description

ol' revolving cutter-wheels, which resemblein reducing wheel to 'be presently described. These are to be made adjustable like the circuagainst a, suitable carriage resting on a frane UNITED STATES WILLIAM \V. W'OOD'WORTH, OF HYDE PATENT' OFFICE.,

PARK, NEW YORK, ADMTNISTRATOR OF VILLIAMl W'OODVORTH.

IM-PROIVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR PLANING, TONGUING, GROOVING, AND DRESSING BOARDS, &c.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent dated December 27 l1829,: Reissue No. 71,1lated July S, w45.

To all whom it may concern-.- l Be it known that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the method of Planing, Tonguing, and Grooving Plank or Boards invented by WILLIAM WooDwoRrH, deceased, and for which Letters Patent ofthe United States were granted to .him on the 27th day of December, in the year 1828, the said Letters Patent having been surrendered for the purpose of' describing the salue invention and pointing out in what it consists in more clear, full, and exact terms than was done in the original specification.

Theplank or boards which are to be planed, tongued, and grooved are first to'be reduced 'to a width 'by means ofcircuiar'saws, icy-re ducing-wheels, or by any other means. Then circular saws aroused for this purpose, two such saws should be placed upon the same shaft, on which they are to be capable of adjustment, so that they may be made to stand at any required distance apart. Under these the board or plank is tobe forced forward and brought to the width required. This apparatus and process do not require to be -further explained, they ybeing well understood by mechanicians.

VYhen what has been above denominated reducing-wheels are used, theselare to consist their construction and action the planing and lar saws; but'the latter' are preferred for this purpose. The plank may be reduced to a width on a separate machine. Then the plank or boards have been thus prepared, (on a separate machine,) they may be placed'on or or platform) so as to be acted upon by a rotary cutting or planing and reducing wheel, which wheel ,may be made to revolveeither horizontally or vertically, as may be preferred, The carriage which sustains the plank or board to be operated upon may be moved forward by means'- of la rack and pinion,- by an endless chain or band,` by geared yfrictionrollers, or by any of the devices well known to machinists for advancing a carriage or 'mater rials to be acted upon in machines for various purposes.4 The plank or board is to be moved on toward the cutting-edges ,of the'cutters or knives on the planing-cylinder, so that its knives or cutters as they revolve may meet and cut the plank or board in a direction coutrary to that-in which it is made to advance. The edges ofthe cutters are in this method prevented' from coming first into contact with its surface, and are made to cut upward from the reduced part of the plank toward said surface, byvwhich means their edges are protectn ed from injury by gritty matter, and the board or plank is more evenly and better planed than when 'Inovedin the reverse direction. After the board or plank passes the planing-cylinder,'and as soon or fast as the planing-cylinder has done its work onany "partei the board or plank, the edges are brought into contact with two revolving cutter-wheels, one of which is adapted to the cntting of the groove, and the other to the cutting of the two rabbets that form the tongue. Then the axis of the planing and reducing wheel stands vertically, the grooving and tonguing wheels are placed one above the other, with the plank edgewise between them. NVhen theaxis of the planing-wheel stands horizontally, these wheels are on the samehorizontal plane with each other,standing on perpendicular spindles. l

The grooving-wheel consists of a circular plate fixed on an axis, and having one, two, three, four, or more cutters, which are to be screwed, bolted, or otherwise attached to it, the edges of which cutters project beyond the periphery of the plate to suoli distance as is required for the depth of the groove. Their thickness may be such as is necessary for its width. They are ofcourse so situated as to cut the groove in 4the middle ofthe edge of the board, or as nearly so as may be required. llhe tonguing-wheel is similar in form to the grooving-wheei; but it has'cutters on each of its sides, or otherwise so form-ed and arranged as'to cut the two rabbets which are necessary to the formation of thetongue; and tongung ,cutters at the same time and by the. same operation reduce the board or plank to auexact'width throughout. When the axis of the planing-wheel is placed vertically, the

knives or cutters maybe made to plane two. planksat the same time,A 'the planks being in l this case moved'in contrary directions, and so aste meet-the edg' of the revolving knives The grooving or cutters. l \`\'hen the machine is thus constructed, a second pair of grooving and tonguing wheels may be made to operatein the same way with those above described. A machine isto operate upon asingle lplank or board, and having the axis of the-planing-wheel placed 4horizontally will, however, b'e more simple and less expensive than that intended to operate on two planks simultaneously.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a perspective representation of the principal operating parts of the machine when arranged and combined for planing, tonguing, and

grooving, and when so arranged as to be capable of planing two planks at the saine time, the axis of thLvplaning-wheel being placed vertically. A A is a stoutsubstantial frame of the machine, which may be of wood or of iron,

and may be variedin length, size, and strength.

according to the work to be done. B B are the heads of the planing-cylinder, and C C the knives or cutters, which extend from one to the other of said heads, to the peripheries of which they may be attached by means of screws. The knives GIC, with the faces form-A ing a planing-angle, may be placed in aline with the axis J of the cylinder, or they may stand obliquely thereto, as may be preferred; but in the latter case the edge should form the segment or portion of a helix. b represents a pulley near to the upper end of the axis J, and I a pulley or drum, which may be made to revolve by horse, steam, or other motive power, and from which a belt may extend around the pulley b, to drive the planing-cylinder and other parts of the machinery.` G is the carriage, which is represented as being driven forward by meansV of a rack and pinion, H. Against this carriage the plank K which is to be planed, tongued, and grooved is placed, and is made to yadvance with it. It will be manifest, however, that the plank may be moved forward by other means-as, for ex! ample, by an endless chain or band passing arounddruins or chain-wheels, or by means of geared friction-wheels borne up against it. To cause the vcarriage and plank to move forward readily, there may be friction-roller. f

f placed horizontally; and extending un er them. The rollers f f. f', which stand verti cally, are to be made to press against the plank and keep it close to the carriage, and thus prevent the action of the cutters from drawing the'plank up from its bed in cutting from the pla-ned surface upward. They may be borne against it by means of weights or springs in a manner well known to machinists. ln a single horizontal machine the horizontal friction-rollcrs may be geared and the pressnrerollers placed above them, to feed the Y board with or without thecarriage, abedplate being used directly under the planingcylinder.

Fig. 2 is a separate viewof the planing-cylinder with its knives or cutters, and Fig. 3.'

an end view of one of the heads. E E'are the revolving cutter or tonguing and grooving wheels, and D D whirls upon their shafts, which may be driven by bands or otherwise, so as to cause said wheels to revolve in the proper direction.

Fig. 4 is a side view of one of these wheels. Fig. 5 is an edgeview of thetonguingwheel, and Fig. (i an edge view of the grooving-wheel, the two latter being each shown with twocutters in place. The number of cutters on these wheels may be varied; but they are represented as furnished with four. The -cutters may be fixed on the sidesl of circular plates, with their edges projecting beyond the periphery 'of said plate. The edges of the plank as its planed part passes the planing-cylinder are brought into contact with the above-described tonguing and grooving wheels,which are so placed upon shall be left at theproper distance from the face of the plank, the latter being sustained against the planing-cylinder .byineans of, the

thickness arid correctly tongued and grooved. In Fig. 1v, above referred to, only one carriage and one pair of cutter-wheels are shown,it not the opposite side, they being similar in all 'respects.

Fig. 7. represents the same machine with the axis of the planing-cylinder placed horizontally, and int-ended to operate on one plank only at the same, time. the heads of the planing-cylinder; C C, the knives or cutters attached to' saidheads. -To meet the different thicknesses of the plank or der may be made movable by screws or other means to adjust-it to the work; or the carriageror bed-plate may be made so as to raise vertical shafts having upon them pulleys D D, around which pass belts or bands from the main drum 1,' to which a revolving motion -may be given by any the pulley b on the shaft of the planing-cylinder 'and gives to it the requisite motion. There may in this machine be a horizontal'carria'ge 'moved forward bya rack'and pinion 1n a manner analogous to that represented in Fig. 1; .but in the present instance the plank is supposed to be advanced by means of one or two pairs of friction or feed rollers. (Shown at f f The uppermost, f f', of the pairsof rollers may be held down by .springs or weighted levers, which it has not been thought neces sary to show in this drawing, as such are in common use. The lowermost of these rollers may be tinted or made rough on their surfaces,

"so as to cause friction on the under side ofthe M M are pulleys onthe axles of these' are embraced by bands plank. lower rollers, which a shaft which crosses the frame A A and has a their shafts as that the tongue and groovecarriage or bed-plate, or otherwise, so that it cannot deviate, but must be reduced to a proper being deemed necessary to represent those on boards, the bearings of the shalt of the eylin-y the board or plank up to the planing-cylinder.V E and E are the'revolving'cutter or tonguing ,and grooving wheels, which are placed upon adequate motive power. Fromthe drum la belt, L, passes also around f N N,which also pass around a pulley, 0, on

pulley,T, on it which is embraced by the belt Having thus fullydescribed the parts and i Pon a pulley, Q, on'theshaft of the main drum combinations of parts and operation of the f I.v These bands and pulleys serve to givem( l machine Vfor planing, tonguing, and groovlng tion to the feed-rollers, as will be readily unfi boards-or plank, and shownvarious modes 1n derstood by inspecting the drawings. RR are which the same may be constructed and made guide-strips used in place of the rollers', used to operate without changing the principleor for the same purpose,andialso.for bearing or, mode of operation of the 4machine, what is Yfrictionrollers when the machine is vertical', i l'claimed' therein as the invention of WILLIAM to direct one -edge of the plank, and against WOODWORTH, deceased, is

.its opposite .edge any. pressure may be nsed -.1. The employmentoffrotatingplanes subequal to the weight of theboard or plank. when stantally such Ias herein described, in combiworked in 'a vertical position. One of the nation .with rollers vor any-analogous device cutter-wheels should be made adjustable, to :to prevennt theboard fromjbeing drawn npby adapt it to stuff of different widths. the planes when cutting upward or from the e The planing-cylindenand likewise the cutter redu d' or `planed to the unplaned surface, as or tonguing and groovingwheels, may be condescribed. v structedin the manner represented in Figs-2, 2. The combination of the .rotatingplanes 3, 4, 5, and 6, and hereinbefore fully described. with the cutter-wheels for tonguing and'gjroovf One of the heads of the planing-wheel maybe ing, for the purpose ol' planing,\tonguing,'and' made movable, to accommodate its length to groovi'ng boards, .&c. at one operation, as .dethe width of the boardor plank to be planed. scribmi'.-` v 1 The respective parts o f this machinemay The combinationv of the to1'1gui ng andv be varied in size, as may also the velocity of groovinggp cutter -wheels for '\-tongnjing and the motionof the planing-cylinderand cnttergrooving boards," &e'.,'at' one operation, as dewheels; but the'followin has been found`to scribed., 1 answerwell in practice: he planing-cylinder 4."Thevcombin`ation of1 e itl1er theftopguinghaving four knives or cutters may be twelve Iorthe grooving cutter-wheel .fo'r-tongnin'gor.- inches in diameter and may make twov thou-y Igrooving boards, &c., with the pressurefro'llsand and upward revolutions in aminute, lefr-s, as'described, the vc iectjol." the, pressurelIn a machine constructed like tha't'shovvnl ilfolle'rs in `these.: op eratio'nsg' being suchas to in Fig. 7 the main drum I may be two feet-inl keep-the board, '8tc.,.ste`a cly and prevent the diainet'er andl 'maybe driven with apeedof i cutters from drawing ltheaboardtovvardtli" five hundred and upward revolutions ina ,.-centerotliecutterfwheels while it is moved f minute. The vpulleys on the planingcylinder ,through by machinery.. In the planing operand on the cutter-wheelsmay be six inches in ation the ,tiendencyatf'the planel isto 'lift the diameter. The-v plank should' be movedfor- ,board :directly npagainst lthe rollers; but -in ward at the rate of about one foot for every the tongn'ng'aiidgroovingfthe tendencyis to hundred vrevolutions of the. cutter-vvhccl,` andV overcome the-frietionl occasioucdbyth press.- of course the diameters of the feedlrollelea'd iure of'the 1-'oller.!i.4` of the pulleys by which they are turned must' "WILLIAM WOODWQRTH, be s o graduated as to produce'this result. The Administrator of William .Woodwootfgjeceaaed. size andspeed of theabove partsof this mae 'Witnesse'sij chine maybe in some-degree varied; butthe JAMESXMILLHOLLANW v above have been found tov work well. f SCHH. KELLER.

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