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USH2048H1 - Non-hydroquinone photographic developer composition with lith quality and its method of usage - Google Patents

Non-hydroquinone photographic developer composition with lith quality and its method of usage Download PDF

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Publication number
USH2048H1
USH2048H1 US08/388,600 US38860095A USH2048H US H2048 H1 USH2048 H1 US H2048H1 US 38860095 A US38860095 A US 38860095A US H2048 H USH2048 H US H2048H
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Prior art keywords
developer composition
mol
amount
alkali metal
developer
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Abandoned
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US08/388,600
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English (en)
Inventor
Haixing Wan
Diane Zhang
David Carlson
Alan A. Bornstein
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Fujifilm Hunt Chemicals USA Inc
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Fujifilm Hunt Chemicals USA Inc
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Priority to US08/388,600 priority Critical patent/USH2048H1/en
Assigned to FUJI HUNT PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS, INC. reassignment FUJI HUNT PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CARLSON, DAVID, BORNSTEIN, ALAN A., WAN, HAIXING, ZHANG, DIANE
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Publication of USH2048H1 publication Critical patent/USH2048H1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
    • G03C5/30—Developers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/061—Hydrazine compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/48—Polyoxyethylene
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/32—Colour coupling substances
    • G03C7/36—Couplers containing compounds with active methylene groups
    • G03C7/38—Couplers containing compounds with active methylene groups in rings
    • G03C7/384—Couplers containing compounds with active methylene groups in rings in pyrazolone rings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a non-hydroquinone developer composition and its method of usage in development of photographic elements. More specifically, this invention relates to a non-hydroquinone developer composition which is particularly useful in the development of various types of photographic black-and-white photographic elements to assuredly achieve a lith quality development without the need for the presence of toxic hydroquinone. Even more particularly, the photographic developing composition of the present invention is advantageously used to develop internally boosted silver halide emulsions containing a hydrazine compound functioning as a nucleating agent.
  • the developer exhibits low capacity as a result of the fact that it contains hydroquinone as the sole developing agent and, further, aldehyde tends to react with the hydroquinone developer to cause undesirable changes in development activity. Further, the low sulfite ion concentration is inadequate to provide effective protection against aerial oxidation. As a consequence, the conventional “lith” developer solution is lacking in stability.
  • hydroquinone-based developing systems have allergenic effects. Therefore, the use of hydroquinone poses certain handling and disposal problems in view of applicable health, safety and environment guidelines and regulations.
  • WO 93/11456 describes a rapid access developer for hydrazine-containing films comprising at least one alkanolamine in an amount of 5-50 g/l; at least one ascorbic acid developing agent; and having a pH in the range of 10.7 to about 12.0.
  • the developer may further contain KOH and potassium carbonate.
  • alkanolamines possess the undesirable characteristic of toxicity, excessive volatility and unpleasant odor.
  • alkanolamines tend to adversely affect high contrast lith image performance.
  • EP 603586 discloses a concentrated developer containing an ascorbic acid type compound, a 3-pyrazolidone auxiliary developing agent and at least one basic compound selected from an alkali metal carbonate, sulfite or hydroxide. The combined use of a carbonate and sulfite is preferred.
  • the pH of a working strength developer is within the range of 9.0 to 11.0.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,196,298 which corresponds to European Patent Application No. 0 498 968 published Aug. 19, 1992, proposes a photographic developing solution for immersion development having a pH of at least 12.0 and containing more than 0.4 mols/liter of a sugar derivative, or an alkali metal salt thereof, such as l-ascorbic acid and iso-ascorbic acid, which preferably contains no other developing agents and no sulfite ions.
  • the developer solution of U.S. Pat. No. 5,1 96,298 is described as permitting the development of graphic arts photographic materials with lith quality while permitting the disposal of the depleted developer solutions in a more environmentally ready manner.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,819 also discloses a non-hydroquinone and non-alkali metal hydroxide containing photographic developer composition.
  • the non-hydroquinone developer solution of this patent contains a developer selected from ascorbic acid and sugar-type derivatives thereof, together with a sulfite, an alkali metal carbonate and a 3-pyrazolidone developer compound, wherein the developer solution has a pH range of 9.75 to 10.6.
  • the U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,819 describes the developer composition as being subject to degradation at pH's in excess of about 10.6.
  • Japanese Published Patent Application No. 59-191035 published Oct.
  • a developer composition which is especially adapted for processing a silver halide emulsion containing a black dye, wherein the developer is described as containing ascorbic acid, alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal sulfite and alkali hydroxide in a pH range of 10 to 14.
  • these two latter-mentioned publications do not describe lith developers in particular, nor do these publications describe testing data which shows lith quality development.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a developer composition which does not require the presence of hydroquinone-type developer components or alkanolamines, and as a consequence, poses less of a threat to health and environment and can be more easily handled and disposed.
  • non-hydroquinone developer composition consisting essentially of the following:
  • a developer selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid and sugar-type derivatives thereof, or alkali metal salts and mixtures thereof, in an amount of 0.1 to 0.4 mol/liter (mol/l);
  • an auxiliary developer comprising a 3-pyrazolidone compound, an aminophenol compound or a mixture thereof;
  • said developer composition does not contain an alkanolamine or contains an alkanolamine in an amount of less than 5 g/l.
  • the developer composition additionally contains one or more of the following additional components:
  • the restrainer is selected to be an alkali metal bromide
  • the organic anti-fogging agent is selected to be a combination of 0.01 to 0.1 g/l benzotriazole and 0.01 to 0.1 g/l phenyl mercaptotetrazole (PMT)
  • the sequestering or chelating agent is selected to be Na 2 EDTA.
  • the developer composition of the present invention does not contain an alkanolamine or contains an alkanolamine in an amount of less than 5 g/l. Most preferably, the developer composition does not contain an alkanolamine. Many alkanolamines possess the undesirable characteristics of toxicity, excessive volatility and unpleasant odor. Many alkanolamines can form azeotropes with water that can complicate accurate replenishment of developer solutions, and such compounds are also quite costly. Furthermore, alkanolamines tend to accelerate the process of chemical development at the expense of physical development. This phenomenon tends to produce an image which is more grainy than an image obtained without an alkanolamine, and is contrary to the goal of obtaining a very high contrast lith image.
  • the use of the developer composition of the present invention has been found to unexpectedly provide for the attainment of lith quality in an assured manner and therefore high dot quality without the need for the presence of hydroquinone or an alkanolamine.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention comprises developing an image-wise exposed silver halide photographic material containing a hydrazine compound as a nucleator with a developer comprising a developing agent selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid and sugar-type derivatives thereof, or alkali salts and mixtures thereof, and substantially free from dihydroxybenzene with the term “substantially free from dihydroxybenzene” meaning the amount of the dihydroxybenzene is less than 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol/l and preferably is zero.
  • the other developer composition components described above can also be employed in combination in this method embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows D-LogE curves for a EK 2000 CGP internally boosted emulsion film as processed by the developer composition of the present invention and several representative prior art developer compositions.
  • FIG. 2 shows D-LogE curves for a EK 2000 CLW internally boosted emulsion film as processed by the developer composition of the present invention and several representative prior art developer compositions.
  • FIG. 3A shows D-LogE curves for a Fuji RO-100 conventional rapid access emulsion film developed by the developer composition of the present invention and the developer of European Patent No. 0 498 968 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,196,298).
  • FIG. 3B shows D-LogE curves for a Fuji RO-100 conventional rapid access emulsion film developed by the developer composition of the present invention and the developer of U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,819.
  • FIG. 3C shows D-LogE curves for a Fuji RO-100 conventional rapid access emulsion film developed by the developer composition of the present invention and the developer of Japanese Patent Application (OPI) No. 59-191035.
  • FIG. 4A shows the D-LogE curve for different formulations of the developer composition of the present invention on an EK 2000 CGP internally boosted emulsion film.
  • FIG. 4B shows the D-LogE curve for different formulations of the developer composition of the present invention on an EK 2000 CLW internally boosted emulsion film.
  • FIG. 4C shows the D-LogE curve for different formulations of the developer composition of the present invention on an Fuji RO-100 rapid access emulsion film.
  • FIG. 5A shows the effect of the sodium hydroxide level, i.e., the pH value, on D-LogE curves for an EK 2000 CGP internally boosted emulsion films with an ascorbic acid-based developer formulation.
  • FIG. 5B shows the effect of the sodium hydroxide level, i.e., the pH value, on D-LogE curves for EK 2000 CLW internally boosted emulsion films with an ascorbic acid-based developer formulation.
  • FIG. 5C shows the effect of the sodium hydroxide level, i.e., the pH value, on D-LogE curves for Fuji RO-100 rapid access emulsion films with an ascorbic acid-based developer formulation.
  • FIG. 6 shows the effect of the sodium hydroxide level, i.e., the pH valve, on D-LogE curves for an EK 2000 CGP internally boosted emulsion film with an ascorbic acid-based developer formulation.
  • the ascorbic acid and sugar-type derivatives thereof useable as the developing agent also include stereoisomers and diastereoisomers of ascorbic acid and its sugar-type derivatives, their salts and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable developers which fall within the scope of the above include, but are not limited to include, l-ascorbic acid, d-erythro-ascorbic acid (i.e., erythorbic or isoascorbic acid), d-gluco-ascorbic acid, 6-deoxy-l-ascorbic acid, l-rhamno-ascorbic acid, l-fucoascorbic acid, d-glucohepto-ascorbic acid, sorboascorbic acid, imino-l-ascorbic acid, ⁇ -lactoascorbic acid, maltoascorbic acid, -araboascorbic acid, l-glucoascorbic acid, d-galactoa
  • the ascorbic acids and ascorbic acid sugar derivatives of this invention are generally used in amount ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mol/l, or more, and preferably used in an amount ranging from 0.14 to 0.28 mol/l in the working developer solution. While the useful range of developer includes 0.1 to 0.4 mol/l, the useful amounts of developer can even exceed 0.4 mol/l in some circumstances, which generally will decrease the amount of auxiliary developer, such as phenidone that is needed.
  • Preferred ascorbic acid compounds for use in the present invention as the developing agent are alkali metal ascorbates and l-ascorbic acid.
  • the ascorbic acids and ascorbic acid sugar derivatives of the present invention can be dissolved into the developing solution in the free acid form or, alternatively, they can be incorporated as an alkali salt, preferably the sodium or potassium salt thereof, or as a mixture of both free acid form and salt thereof.
  • alkali salt form of the developer a lesser amount of alkali metal hydroxide is needed to establish a pH of 11.8 or higher.
  • free acid form of the sugar is used alone, a larger amount of alkali metal hydroxide is usually employed to adjust the pH to 11.8 or higher.
  • Other examples of useable ascorbic acid and sugar-type derivatives useable as the developing agent for the developing solution of the present invention are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,098,819 and 5,196,298, with the disclosures of which being incorporated by reference herein.
  • An auxiliary developing agent comprising a 3-pyrazolidone (or derivative thereof, an aminophenol compound or a mixture thereof is also included in the developer solution of the present invention in order to enhance the speed of the development of the developer composition.
  • 3-pyrazolidone developing agents are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,819, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference with 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone (also known as phenidone) being preferred.
  • Suitable aminophenols which can be used include p-methylamino-phenol (metol) and those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,914,003, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
  • the auxiliary developing agent is used in an effective amount to achieve high density and high contrast.
  • Such is generally used in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.12 mol/l, and preferably is used in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.006 mol/l for the 3-pyrazolidone or 0.001 to 0.02 mol/l for the p-aminophenol.
  • the developer composition of the present invention can be successfully employed without the need of any hydroquinone-type developer or an alkanolamine.
  • other important addenda to the developer composition of the present invention include an alkali metal sulfite, preferably sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 ) used in an amount of up to 0.32 mol/l, preferably from 5 to 30 g/l (where Na 2 SO 3 is used), as a preservative and stabilizer against aerial oxidation.
  • alkali metal sulfite preferably sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 ) used in an amount of up to 0.32 mol/l, preferably from 5 to 30 g/l (where Na 2 SO 3 is used
  • Other useable sulfites are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,819, which is incorporated by reference.
  • the full benefits of this invention when processing hydrazine- containing internally boosted films such as EK 2000 CGP type film are obtained in a pH range of 11.8 or higher at 25° C. or in a pH range of 12.05 or higher at 25° C., preferably in a pH range of from 11.8 to 14.0 at 25° C. or in a pH range of from 12.05 to 14.0 at 25° C., more preferably in a pH range of from 11.8 to 13.5 at 25° C. or in a pH range of from 12.05 to 13.5 at 25° C., and particularly preferably in a pH range of from 11.8 to 12.5 at 25° C. or in a pH range of from 12.05 to 12.5 at 25° C.
  • the developer composition has a pH of from 11.8 to 12.2 at 25° C. or a pH of from 12.05 to 12.2 at 25° C. or a pH of from 12.50 to 13.50 at 25° C.
  • an antifoggant may be added as described below in proportion to the increased pH.
  • the alkalinity of the developer composition is maintained within the desired range by the presence of an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium or potassium carbonate in an amount of 0.1 to 0.4 mol/l or less, preferably from 0.14 to 0.28 mol/l.
  • the alkali metal carbonate is preferably used in conjunction with an alkali metal hydroxide to adjust the pH to within the desired range.
  • the amount of alkali metal hydroxide added partly depends on whether the developer is used in a free acid form or if the developer is used in salt form.
  • the amount of the alkali metal hydroxide needed to achieve a pH of 11.8 or higher is generally from 0.08 to 2.0 mols/l of the developer composition.
  • alkali metal carbonates give rise to less caustic compositions than alkali metal hydroxides.
  • alkali metal carbonates typically require greater amounts to be present to effect a pH adjustment in comparison to alkali hydroxides.
  • the alkalinity of the developer solution be established through a discretionary selection of amounts for each of alkali metal carbonate and alkali hydroxide, and with refinements made to the pH preferably being made by supplemental addition of alkali metal hydroxide.
  • the developer composition of the present invention also can contain a wide variety of other conventional additives and addenda, which serve other various desirable functions.
  • additional addenda include, but are not limited to, additional developing agents other than hydroquinone, antifogging agents, buffers, sequestering agents, swelling control agents, development accelerators, and so forth.
  • the developer solution contains certain other addenda including each of a restrainer agent, an organic antifogging agent and a sequestering or chelating agent.
  • sodium or potassium bromides are preferably included as restrainers in an amount of about 0.008 to 0.5 mol/l.
  • exemplary organic anti-fogging agents preferably include a combination of a benzotriazole and phenyl mercaptotetrazole each in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 g/l, respectively.
  • Useful benzotriazoles are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,354, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
  • An exemplary mercaptotetrazole is 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole.
  • the present invention also encompasses the use of other antifogging agents, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,098,819 and 5,196,298, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference.
  • a small amount of a sequestering or chelating agent is generally used to sequester trace amounts of metal ions present in the components or water used in formulating the developer formulation.
  • Exemplary sequestering agents useable in the present invention are disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,819, incorporated herein by reference, and are generally used in an amount of 0.5 to 3 g/l, preferably from 0.5 to 2.0 g/l.
  • the sequestering agent used in the present invention is Na 2 EDTA in the above amounts.
  • the developing solutions of the present invention can be employed to develop various types of photographic materials, especially black-and-white photographic elements including conventional rapid access films, such as Fuji RO-100 film by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., as well as silver halide photographic materials containing a hydrazine compound as a nucleator, such as EK 2000 CGP and EK 2000 CLW film manufactured by Eastman Kodak Company.
  • the utility of the developing solution of the present invention is not limited thereto and is understood to extend to other black-and-white materials such as radiographic recording and duplicating materials, cinematographic recording and duplicating materials and microfilm.
  • the photographic elements which can be developed by the developer's solution of the present invention can take on conventional layering schemes such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,198,298, which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • films which can be used in the present invention is a silver halide photographic material containing a hydrazine compound as a nucleator.
  • Such photographic materials are shown in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,975,354, 4,988,604 and 4,994,365 with respect to the layer structure, the silver halide emulsion, the internal booster, and other components of the photographic material. The disclosures of these patents are incorporated by reference.
  • Non-limiting examples of hydrazine compounds are the following compounds:
  • hydrazine compounds which can be used in the photographic material, include those described in RESEARCH DISCLOSURE, Item 23516 (November, 1983, page 346) and the literature references referred to therein, as well as in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the hydrazine compound may be introduced in any hydrophilic colloid layer of the photographic material, such as a silver halide emulsion layer, an inter layer, a protective coating layer, etc.
  • the amount of the hydrazine compound present in the photographic material is preferably from 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol, especially preferably from 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol to 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol, per mol of silver halide in the photographic light-sensitive element.
  • developing a photographic material containing a hydrazine compound with the non-hydroquinone developer composition of this invention provides a high contrast image suitable for lith quality work having a gamma higher than 15.
  • the photographic material to be developed by the developing solutions of the present invention can be image-wise exposed by any convenient radiation source in accordance with this specific application.
  • an automatically operating apparatus is used provided with a system for automatic replenishment of the processing solutions.
  • the development step can be followed by a stop step, for example, using a stopping solution such as a 3% acetic acid solution used at approximately 90° F. for 15 seconds, followed by a fixing bath, for example, using a commercially available fixer, such a F-O-G available from Fuji Hunt Photographic Chemicals, Inc., used at about 90° F. for 30 seconds, followed by a washing or stabilization step. Finally, the photographic material is dried according to standard practices.
  • the developing conditions used were a temperature of 90° F. and a developing time of 30 seconds for CGP and CLW films and 25 seconds for RO-100 film. Afterwards, a stop bath (3% acetic acid soln.) was used at 90° F. for 15 seconds. Then a fix bath (commercially available F-O-G fixer with hardener from Fuji Hunt Photographic Chemicals, Inc.) was used at 90° F. for 30 seconds.
  • results are shown graphically in FIGS. 1, 2 , 3 A, 3 B and 3 C, wherein + represents results for Kodak RA 2000; ⁇ represents results for the solution 1 developer; o and + represent results for solutions 2 and 3, respectively; ⁇ , o, and ⁇ represent results for solutions 4, 5 and 6, respectively; and ⁇ represents results for solution 7 representing the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows D-LogE curves for a EK 2000 CGP internally boosted emulsion film as processed by the developer composition of the present invention and several representative prior art developer compositions.
  • FIG. 2 shows D-LogE curves for a EK 2000 CLW internally boosted emulsion film as processed by the developer composition of the present invention and several representative prior art developer compositions.
  • FIG. 3A shows D-LogE curves for a Fuji RO-100 rapid access emulsion film developed by the developer composition of the present invention and the developer of European Patent No. 0 498 968 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,196,298).
  • FIG. 3B shows D-LogE curves for a Fuji RO-100 rapid access emulsion film developed by the developer composition of the present invention and the developer of U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,819.
  • FIG. 3C shows D-LogE curves for a Fuji RO-100 rapid access emulsion film developed by the developer composition of the present invention and the developer of Japanese Patent Application (OPI) No. 59-191035.
  • the sharp slope in the D-LogE curves for the inventive soln. 7 in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate lith quality for the Kodak CGP and CLW IB emulsions.
  • This effect is truly unexpected because lith quality was not observed for the other investigated prior art non-hydroquinone developer chemistries of EP 0 498 968 (which provide high contrast on EK CGP film but the D max is unacceptably low) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,819, as indicated by the curves for solutions 1-6 in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • Lith quality was observed for Kodak RA 2000 developer, which is a conventional hydroquinone type developer.
  • the soln. 7 curve is sharper than that for the Kodak RA 2000, which indicates a better performance of the Kodak emulsions with the developer composition of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A shows the D-LogE curve for different formulations of the developer composition of the present invention on an EK 2000 CGP internally boosted emulsion film.
  • FIG. 4B shows the D-LogE curve for different formulations of the developer composition of the present invention on an EK 2000 CLW internally boosted emulsion film.
  • FIG. 4C shows the D-LogE curve for different formulations of the developer composition of the present invention on an Fuji RO-100 rapid access emulsion film.
  • Example 1 The effect of sodium hydroxide level, and, hence the pH value, was examined for the same three types of films used in Example 1 with the formulations used in Table 3-1 (all amounts are in g/l, unless indicated otherwise). The same developing conditions were used as in Example 1.
  • FIG. 5A shows the effect of the sodium hydroxide level, i.e., the pH value, on D-LogE curves for an EK 2000 CGP internally boosted emulsion films with an ascorbic acid-based developer formulation.
  • FIG. 5B shows the effect of the sodium hydroxide level, i.e., the pH value, on D-LogE curves for EK 2000 CLW internally boosted emulsion films with an ascorbic acid-based developer formulation.
  • FIG. 5C shows the effect of the sodium hydroxide level, i.e., the pH value, on D-LogE curves for Fuji RO-100 rapid access emulsion films with an ascorbic acid-based developer formulation.
  • FIGS. 5A-5C demonstrate the unexpected importance of the pH value selected, especially for the internally boosted (IB) films.
  • dot quality investigations also were made on the same developer formulations as solutions 1-7 and EK RA 2000 of Example 1 (Table 1-1), and on same three types of films used in Example 1.
  • dot quality is a standard methodology for evaluating the quality of lith developers. The better the lith quality, the better the dot quality. The sharper the dot, the lower the numerical rating assigned.
  • Example 1 The effect of sodium hydroxide level spanning a pH range of 12.05 to 13.50 was examined for EK 2000 CGP film used in Example 1 with the formulations used in Table 4-1 (all amounts in g/l, unless indicated otherwise). The same developing conditions were used as in Example 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows the effect of the sodium hydroxide level, i.e., the pH value, on D-LogE curves for an EK 2000 CGP internally boosted emulsion film with an ascorbic acid-based developer formulation. The steep slope demonstrates the excellent lith result obtained.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US08/388,600 1993-06-18 1995-02-14 Non-hydroquinone photographic developer composition with lith quality and its method of usage Abandoned USH2048H1 (en)

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US08/388,600 USH2048H1 (en) 1993-06-18 1995-02-14 Non-hydroquinone photographic developer composition with lith quality and its method of usage

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US7802493A 1993-06-18 1993-06-18
US08/388,600 USH2048H1 (en) 1993-06-18 1995-02-14 Non-hydroquinone photographic developer composition with lith quality and its method of usage

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US (1) USH2048H1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0738400B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09500221A (fr)
CN (1) CN1053970C (fr)
AT (1) ATE199461T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU689168C (fr)
DE (1) DE69426780T2 (fr)
MY (1) MY111751A (fr)
SG (1) SG34338A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995000881A1 (fr)

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CN102591133A (zh) * 2012-03-03 2012-07-18 合肥通用无损检测技术有限责任公司 一种显影液及其制备方法

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US5866309A (en) * 1997-10-22 1999-02-02 Fitterman; Alan S. Method for processing roomlight handleable photographic elements
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CN103343068A (zh) * 2013-06-18 2013-10-09 厦门市豪尔新材料有限公司 剥胶剂
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EP0738400A1 (fr) 1996-10-23
SG34338A1 (en) 2000-12-19
AU689168B2 (en) 1998-03-26
DE69426780T2 (de) 2001-10-04
JPH09500221A (ja) 1997-01-07
MY111751A (en) 2000-12-30
AU689168C (en) 2001-11-22
EP0738400B1 (fr) 2001-02-28
DE69426780D1 (de) 2001-04-05
AU1092295A (en) 1995-01-17
CN1129989A (zh) 1996-08-28
CN1053970C (zh) 2000-06-28
WO1995000881A1 (fr) 1995-01-05
ATE199461T1 (de) 2001-03-15

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