US996829A - Coke-oven. - Google Patents

Description

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Patented .my/1,1911.

G. E. BEER, JR.

COKE OVEN. A

APPLIOATION FILED APB. 20, 1909.

WITNESSS l /Wflvran mix. Zz'jr er Y I mami/s '9. E. BEER, JR. COKE OVEN.

AIPLICIATION FILED APR Patented Juy 4, 1911.

/ WWAMMM .G UsTAvUs E. BE-HR, JR., or' BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

COKE-OVEN,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 4.-, 1'911.

Application filed Ap'ril 20, 1909. Serial N o. 491,146. y

To-aZZ whom it may concern.'

Y Be it known that I, GUsTAvUs E. BEHR,

Jr., a citizen of the United States, and resi-- dent oft-he borough of Brooklyn, county of 5 Kings, 'State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coke-Ovens, of which the following "is a specification.

My invention relates to the constructionof coke ovens in such a manner as toV increase the yield of. byproducts due to the withdrawal of the gases from the hot coal, and furthermore in so constructing a coke oven'that the by-products in the form ofgas shall not become deteriorated or decomposed between the time they are generated and the time of their withdrawal from the oven.

In the drawings Figure l illustrates a section through the oven of my construction;

Fig. 2 illustrates a section through a -modied form; Fig. 3 illustrates another modiication;` and Fig.

tral walls of Fig. 1.

The `coke oven A is built of brick, and some of the walls, to wit: alternate walls B,

contain a number of ilues C, which serve for the passage of combustion gases heated approximately to 1200o C.` Coal'is fed' into the oven through the openings D until it reaches the level indicated inthe drawings; The enormous heat acting through the'ilues C upon the coal expels from the coal certain gases and organic matters which are proitably carried off, being condensed, scrubbed and refined after leaving the oven and containing among other valuable ingredients` ammonia, hydrocarbons, and oils.-

10 tion ofthe hydrocarbons and other gases constituting illuminating gas thus withdrawn lfrom the coal is usually employed for heating the oven as .itpasses through the` fines C. the; wall E opposite the heat Y 4,5 radiating Wall .'is built a system of '.lues' comprising a vertical flue F connectedwith downwardly and backwardly projectingv gas 'withdrawal lues Gr, Eas illustrated in Fig. 4.

j According to the usual dimensions of a coke 'oven/ thisv wall should' be about thirty or -Iriore feet inlengt'h, and about eight or nine eet inheight`,`the coal chambers being about `ten inches in ,width v- Y The'operationfofny oven is as` follows:

5g After coal has beeneh'arged* into the oven up to thelevel indicated, the oven is closed is a side View of thewall showing the gas withdrawing orifices,- Fig. 4 being a side view of one of the een# so as to prevent theentrance of air or oxygen.l This is to prevent combustion during the heating processr which may last from twenty to twenty-four hours moie or less. Ithas been found that the heat is transmitted through the coal very slowly, and that it will take as much as eighteen hou'rs for the coal ten inches away from the heat radiating wall to reach the same. temperature 'as the coal which touches said Wall.

`As soon, however', asthe heat begins to act upon thecoal, the coal gives up its organic matter, its coal tar, oils, and gaseous hydro- 'carbons which in the oven of my invent-ion are drawnoii1 in a Vdirection awa y from the source of heat, and in lines substantiallyv perpendicular to the heat radiating wall.

The advantage of this method of withdrawing the gases vis that it prevents them from coming in contact with any portion of the apparatus hotter than that portion where they Awere generated, thereby preserving the gases in the condition in which they were formed and preventing all possibility of decomposition or deterioration due to the action of heaton said gasesl after their formation.

In the ordinary coke ovens now in use the gases rise through the heated coal and are withdrawn from the top of the coal chamv ber, a process acco-rding towhich the gases are continuously subject to heat either of the same degree or of a greater degree than the heat under which they were genera-ted.`

According to this older process itwas found that the ammonia constituent of the gases was broken up into nitrogen and hydrogen, two gases of con'iparatively no commercial value asV comparedwith the ammonia, and that-the by-products such yas vthe gaseous hydrocarbons and oils were Apartially converted into hydrocarbons of a lower order and carbon, neither-of which products com-` pare in commercial value with the undecoml posed oils and hydrocarbons. By my invention, therefore, I accomplish the important economic result ofobtaining a far greater yield of valuable by-product than has been heretofore known to be possible,`this being due to a large extent, as' already described, tothe avoidance of all eifects of heat on the gases after they have once been generated. Aft-er perhaps 24. hours of heat treatment, the coal is completely. converted into coke,

the lovenI doors are `opened','aiid the'gnt'ire friction and decreasing the power necessary to push the mass of coke out ofthe oven.v The gas withdrawal flues Glare inclined toward the rear end of the furnace, so that when the coke is pushed out of it, the vwall willnot be damaged by reason of any frictlcn between the coke and the apertures of the gas withdrawal flues G. These aper-' turcs are as nmnerous and as small as possible, bcingbuilt practically in the lire brick.

composing the wall. The upward inclination of the gaswithdrawal fines G toward the line F prevents the coal from lodging in the gas withdrawal lines G as it is charged into the oven.'I The free end of the flue F is connectcdQwith an exhauster in the usual way, which-"creates suction in said flue, and causes'the, gasesfgenerated by the hot coal to be withdrawn from the oven.

In Fig. 1 the wall E is apertured to tap two coke ovens standing side by side, thereby greatly strengthening the oven' as compared to some old vstyles of construction where the arches were supported solely on the radiating walls which by virtue 'of the fines therein, and of the action of the great heat on the brick, were not well suited to bear great strain.

In Fig. 2 the walls E are shown as praetieally the sole supporting walls of the oven, thereby taking all the load except that of its own weight from the wall B, increasing its lifc and comparative strength. 2 each of the walls E contains. a separate series of iues Fand gas vwithdrawal flues G, this construction. being desirable for the following reason lVhen the coking operation is completed, and before the pushing` aplmrat-us comes Into play, l1t 1s necessary to' shut off the connection between the flue F A and the gas mains until the coke has been pushed trom the oven and it has'been recharged. 'lhis shut-oli connection would alt'ect two chambers of the oven in the form illustrated in Fig. l, and consequently produce 'a slightly 'mulesirable lresultl as the ypushing machine operates only on oneof said chambers at a time; in `Fig. 2, however, each cut-oft' being independent wlll only all'ect a particular chamber in which the gases generated b heat of the'rtwo walls causes the -gases `to approach the center of the chamber and to run down the central line of the co'al untll they are withdrawn by the gas withdrawal fines G. In this case the gases While not continuously cooled in increasing degreev from the times of generation to the time of Withdrawal, are nevertheless withdrawn from the apparat-us without at any time -bef ing 'heated to a much greater degree than the temperature of their generation.

Having thus describedmy invention whatv y I claim is:

roof andstraight side Walls, there being a lcoal feeding opening intheroof and a coke 1. A coke oven having a bottom Wall, a' '80 discharge opening at the rearend of the* oven; one of the side Walls bein provided f with heating channels and the ot er with Ia suction conduit connected with the interior of theoven by a plurality of gas Withdrawal flues, the latter extending to said interior in a .direction angularly Atoward the bottom wall and the end diseharge'opening.

2. A coke oven comprisingy a series of l'at AVertical-walls sustaining the roof of the oven, the said Walls Icontaining flues and i :connections leading'into the interior of Ithe oven, and into the ilues for withdrawing the 'Y gases generated by `the-radiation of heat, heat radiating walls interposed between two of said series of Walls, and a rsuctiony appaf ratus adapte to Withdraw the vgas generated vby the intermediate heat-radiating'f' ranged as tocause the gases generated .to be withdrawn from. the oint of generation through a zone of heat essintense than that4 existing at the point ofgeneration, the gases being maintained in their passage through' the coal at a temperature less than the teIn perature of generation. 3. A coke oven eomprisin a. series of fiat vertical walls sustaining t e-roofof the 4 oven, the saidv Walls containingflues and connections leading into the interior of thel oven and into the' iluesfor withdrawin' the the radiation of eat, heat radiating wal s inter' osed'between two of said series o f- Walls,':t e said fues and conneetiois in each of said sustainingvwalls comprising two independent series,.oney for each coal chamber, and a suction apparatus adapted to Withdraw Athe gasvgenerated by thc intermediate heatradiat'mgl walls through the smallfconneetions and the flue, in a direction substantially atrightanglges to the radiating wall, and so arranged as rto cause the gases generated to be withdrawn from the point of generation through a zone .of heat less-intense than that existing at the.;`

point of generation, the gases being main: tallied 1n their passage through he coal at generation. sages. Y 4. A coke oven comprising a bottom Wall, In testimony whereof I have Signed this a roof, heat radiating walls provided with specification in the presence of two subscriba. temperature less than the temperature of ltion conduit connected-with the outlet pals- 10 4substantiallyhorizontal heating iues, .gas ing witnesses.

withdrawal 'walls extending between and GUSTAVUS E. 'l alternating with theiradia'ting 'Walls and Witnesses: 4 provided with outlet passages for the gas 'HANS 'v BRmsEN,

generated inthe coking process and a sue- JOHN A; KEHmNBEGK.

Images