US883809A - Power-generating system. - Google Patents

Description

SHEET 1.

PATENTED APR. '7, 1908.

s sEEBTs :u mel' J. M. w., KTHEN. POWER GBNERATING SYSTEM PPLIUATION FILED JUNE 2, 19.06..

.////4// ///////////////////////////////V//// P//,/////////////////-/////// f z m Y E Y illy No. 888,809. PATENTED APR. '7, i908. l, J. M. W. KITCHEN. POWER GENERATING SYSTEM.

APPLI TION FI ED UN 2 1906.

0A L J E asHzETsnsHBBT z.

im I2- Atty No. 883,809. l PATENTED APR. 7, 1908.

J. M. W. KITCHEN.

. POWER GENERATING SYSTEM.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

APPLICATION FILED JUNI] 2, 1906.

v mon .in power generators.

' and the motor to be actuated an intermedi- 'heat and exhaust steam to i JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN, OF EAST GRANGE.

NEW JERSEY.

rowna-eENaRATrNG sYsTEi/i.

No. ssasoe.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April '7, 1908.

Application filed Slime 2, 1905. Serial No. 319,873.

To all whom it 'may concern: Y

Be it known that I, JOSEPH Moses WARD KITCHEN, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of East Orange, ES- sex county, and Stateof New Jersey, have :invented certain new and useful Improvements in Power Generatinf Systems, of which the following is a specihcation.l

The object of my invention is to secure economy 1n power generation by preventing wastes in various lines that have heen'coin.-

In carryinv out the purpose of the invention I apply lhoth the expansiven force of gas explosion and of steam generated from `the heat of explosion. I also use steam produced from the heat of gas generation. I. interpose between the force of gas. explosion ate elastic heat absorbing medium, such'as steam, air. or other gas singly or admixed with vapor or steam, and after thisrinterposed ower transmitting means has passed throug the motor and become expanded, I recompress the power transmitting medium Vsteam and vapor thus using it in a circuitous round. Inthis way I render the explosive force of gases more tractable when used in power transmission; and inasmuch as I enerally use steam as the power transmitting medium, I secure the advantages which pertain to the use ofV steam as a motive agency, and yet secure the .force of explosion in actuating a prime motor without doing damage to thatmotor and its connected mechanism from too great heat, and from the jarring shock of intermittent explosions. I apply in this system various interdependent economies which are coactive in securing the unitary aimed for result. I introduoefeatures for producing explosive gas from the very cheapest fuel. I provide tor securing by-products `of considerable value, such as ammonia. I utilize latent generate watery vapor'free from earthy salts to replenish and make good the steam leakages in the system.

n economizin the waste heat of the sysi tem I apply the cwest degrees of,the waste heat for lieatingair for combustion a higher degree of heat for 'progressivelyT heating wey ter in an eoonomizer steam holler; astill higher degree of heat for producing steam of greater or less pressure; and apply the highest degree of the waste heat l or superhcating steam that has been hi lily compressed. In this way I econoinlze arge volumes of low l i and vol atilizing degrees of heat in power generation that are usually lost, and thus secure in power generation the application of both the expansive force of explosion and the heat of explosion in the distribution of heat energy.

It should be understood that so far as possible I create vapor and steam at a low pressure, and increase the pressure of that steam bythe force' of explosion. I Withdraw exaust steam from the prime l nd other inotors of the system, and-from the steam generating econoinizers in the system by means of suction pumps, thus securing the advantages of a vacuum exhaust to the motors and a arge generation of steam or vapor in the economizers from low degrees of heat. The

drawn into the mechanism, hy suction, is immediately forced into a storage compression tank, from which it is drawn to the various motors as needed;

I prefer to use steam as a power transinitting medium because, besides being compressible and cleanly, it absorbs `very large amounts of heat, and when expanding does not interfere with practical results by creating too low a temperature. Steam dilutes the intense he at of explosion, and makes that force more smooth and controllable.

In this inventionI make use of the force of gravity in econoniizing waste heat by applying the medium carrying that waste heat from a high level to a low level through the ecoiioniizer, and in heating air, water or steam progressively in a travel from a low level to a high level. In some applied forms of in v invention, as for example, locomotives, l use the principle of progressive heating hv the use of several sectional horizontally placed tubular boilers 5 and in some cases I also use' various other boilers placed in horif/.ontal relation to each other.

Ialso utilize waste heat by passing such l waste heat through fuel for the preliminary heating of the fuel. `-In such instances I have the heat tra-vel iii a reverse'route from that traveled hy the fuel heated.

In ap plving the principle of utilizing both the expensive power of explosion and its heat, i may take the waste heat and transfer that `heat into steam, and in turn create electrical energy through the expansivo force of steam, and generate heat with the electrical current in the' interior of a fuel mass with the view of heating the fuel mass the fuel, producing a combustible gas without` adinixture with air.

I do not confine myself to any specific application of suc'h economizing ideas, as every ease requires special modifications to suit the 1t by the frce of explosion, and then reconvlatent heat of steam.

veying it to the motor again in a circulatory manner, I avoid the loss of much of ,the

In generating a replenishing supply of vapor for making good the steam leakages in the system in the way that I do, I can use water of any character, and yet avoid the damaging effects of the deposition of earthy salts and organic impurities My invention ycomprises a gasv producer with several novel features,'it being designed to use soft bituminous coal, and also coaldust in gas production, and which gas is used in the various gas engines comprised in the system. I use the special means herein own for feeding fuel, for producin steam with the heat of the newly produce gases, and for purifyin the gas generated from tarry, ammoniaca and sulfur contaminants bly securing their condensation on the tubes o the steam producer, running cold water through those tubes from a low level to a high level, and in some cases using other refrigerating means to secure the desired condensation. In some cases I' pass the gas through a series of compartments filled with a fluid atomized spray in the upper levels of the compartments, while the fluid used for producing the spray is gravitated from one compartment to another, gradually becoming impregnated with ammonia and sulfur compounds. The current taken by the gas thus subject to urification is ina reversed direction to t at taken by the Water or other fluid used to cleanse the gas by being blown in an atomized sprayV through the gascurrent. The force inducing the spray is that of a compressed supply of the same gas as that which is being cleansed. In some .instances I' may use atower scrubber to clean the gas.

In this invention. I use the force of gravitation to give a sufficient momentum to gravitating fuel to secure its introduction into the gas generator-in a diffused manner. The diffusion is also helped through injecting a as free from uncombined oxygen to blow uel and dry the fuel thusI fed. A Such a gas however, may have combined oxygen with it, as carbon monoXid, carbon dioxid, or hydrocarbon gases.

-gas generator.

In they accompanying drawings: Figure 1 represents, in part schematically and in outline, the right hand half of a power generating system embodying my invention.` Fig. 2 represents the left hand half of the same system. Fig. 3 shows' a side vertical view of a locomotive and tender embodying my invention. It is shown )artly in section and is partly cut away. ig. 4 shows the main )oiler of the locomotive. Fig. 5 represents in section a gas generator of which a number are used to furnish producer gas used in the locomotive. -1

In F ig. 1, C re )resents the gas cavity of the represents an endless chain grate, located in a cavity or pit G2. The pit is impervious except at its top, where the grape is introduced. In this cavity is forced coo through the pipe Q1, for keeping the grate cool; the as being forced up throu h the interstices of tie gratenland of the fue moved by the grate from the fuel hopper Q. I may use water in this pit. G3 is a combustion pit with heat refractory walls W, of a sufficient depth for holding a deep enough bed of fuel to make producer gas or water gas. and dumping grate. Heated air for combustion is supplied from the air conduit A under the grate, as is also the steam, through the pipes A, used in gasproduction. The gas after its production may be cooled by an admixture of cooler gas through the tubes Gf to prevent damage to the structure of the apparatus.v The producer gas is drawn through a mass of coke K, or other purifying material, resting on a hollow grate G1 which is cooled by a current of cool gas passing through the rate from the ipe O4. This grate is shaken y the handle ,The purifying material K removes soot and dust from the gas, which is then drawn through the gas passage O2, to the top of the heating cavity B2, in which is located the economizer steam boiler B with .water tubes T, mud drum B", and the scraper S, which is o )eratcd by the lifting and-lowering devices l 3. The scraper S4, when in a lifted position, is heated by hot gases, and when lowered scrapes the tarry matters from the lower parts of the tubes T, on which they have condensed,. it being understood that cold water is forced into a low level o'f the boiler B through the feed pipe C2. As the gas is cooled, 'it is also drawn to the bottom of the cavity B2, and is drawn through the conduit C1, and C through the scrubber and purifier S, lfig. 2, and through the gas supply pipe li to the engine cylinders E, E, E; heilig purified by the atomizers L4. When desired, fine fuel is fed from thcfeeder F, Fig] through the chute J1 into the gas cavity C, and is given an impetus by the ras-forced through the injector nozzle. O. represents a fuel chute conveying fuel to the fuel hopper Q, through which hopper a coil F1 is passed,

gas free from uncombinedoxygen ,Gl is `a shaking Awhich convoys hot exhaust l induced, draftv passing from the yhot air conduit A, and without un-y ases therey through and then out through t e outl'et'Fa. Gas thus vol'atilized from the fuel in the hopper by the hcutiii the coil-F1 islrau'ir lthrough the conduit` '01 into the gas passage fan operated bythe'i'notor I3.

producer' gas from the lrottoni cavity'B2 fan l, and

.lt draws cool which is provided to give a free exoilusto' any explosion C. The lid and its frame have gus cooled frame, and from the the fpassagel O2. lThe passing through the cavity G2, arealso forced throughthe injectorsY, which are arranged to accelerate the through the ash pit A3 deairably,v diluting with nitrogen and loarb on 'dicid the producergasbcing: made.l f

l boiler of' ordinary construction, Withfa direct updraft exit H3, which and ay low level exit communicating Witlrthecool exhaust gas stack H, which communicateswith an inducing draft accelerator AIt actuated by aA turbine Il,

having a disk fan l1 which assists the natural draft to pass thcexaust gases 'through the outlet lstack -12 ahovethedrait accelerator.v I j The' 'engines E, E, E, have Water jackets X,-and have a water circulation connected with the boiler R1 throughthe, pipes R2 and R3. lEach ygas engine is independent in its vaction ofthe other, or sections oengines devoted to V'speciall work'may be run-in series;

' only all yhave, in common the same source of gas supply. `Each engine has either a con- `ne'cted pumpD for steam compression, and

has .valvesfon` allowing steam to flow into the pump, ora pump D? water-'Where needed through' the pipe U or r:the pump D2 forcesv its outflow through the pi e M into the pipe T )Ott er-uses may be fulh engirres5tsuch as D1 which is used in cornressiiigaiid forcing gas through thepipeLa or atoni'izing the cleansing'uid in the scrub ber Si' Some draw newlygilformed steamv through; the pipe B1', and 'after compressing force the cornpressed vapor ori steam into the equalizer and' storage tank `N through the pipes B3. Others draw exhaust steam through the pipe R making a vacuum exhaust'or the prime motor Phandalso `force i't into the com-l l pression and storage .tank N'. i E1, E1, re resent ily wheels'havingcounter-weights 8.' l

of gas that may occur in th(i cavityif lid and frame thi-miglia" pipe, not shown inthe drawings, limduig'into cooling-"gascsj besides i1 )e- 1. into :thev .grate l l e Fig 2, represents an auxiliary '-stieain,

has` .a damper Ha,-

for pumping feed v lled by individu al watery vapor or receivev seance l. represents airinduction' and forcing" supply pipe-S2 to the y `ol'thcheating' whence the hrough thc duct (),'tl1rough'the` y forces 'the gas through thoitlnots 'inlafcirculatory iuannerj, 03 and .01, to and through thc saietylidwg,

partly evaporated tions P"5 thcgrate G1V in thel ash `mixed there' with other fvapor and the next.

that followed by subjected to a progressive cleansing as it-- exit leading into Steam is' passed through .the pipeNZv from.

the tankN into thcsupcr-heater S1, having theheatiiig tubes T1, and thenA through the 4 turbine lich reprcsentedby P1, from exhaust steam is returned-for compression to the pump l), and is thus used pulley' ol wl 'Fo-replenish the stcani supply, in 4Caseof aniinpurewater supply,4 some ofthe eX- haus` steam isd'rawn through the pipe Z, through the feed water: purifier and evaporizcrP, sand`il` a `l Y to the, pumps D through thc' pipe 231, tluimpure Water 4,which is inl passing through the evaporiier P,'isi'orce`d' hy'a pumpy not shown throi'lgli the pipe P2 and gravitates from compartment to" compartment over the parti and out through the .pipe P3, having lostr 'alarge vamount of its water, and being hotand in' concentrated forni, is run under pity A? to furnish -Warin vapor for moderating the too intense heat olthciire.- The vapor created inthe evaporizer'P-lis drawn through the -`by a pumpfnot shown, and is compressed by pipe M1 that pump andfifirced ,iiitothe tank N to be steam. A somewhat similarconstruction is adopted scrubber-S ,in other scrubbing iluids therethrough. Apertures are provided at' progressively lower levels in the partitions which separate the fluids in the several compartir-rents of the scrubber, andV the fluids gravitate through these apertures from one compartment to the scrubber in a reversed direction from the Iscrubbing fluid it is passes through each successive compartrnient by the atornizers L1 located in each compartment and which the compressed gas forced by the pump D1 through thev pipe L3.' As the cleansing 'are y'actuated b f fluid progresses ythrough the lscrubber it be-l comes more and Ymore -impregnated with the ammonia and sulfur compounds of the gas, and is finally drawn oil' through the Huid seal L5. L2 is the pipe conveying hot exhaust gases coinbustion'into the topof the superheater S1. EZ is another pipe', which 'in the drawing is broken in its course for clearness,

carrying the same as to the fuel heating coil F1'in the hopper the gas conduit O7.

C4. is a by-pass gas damper.

In startin this power generating apparatus, -a lireA is first built in the boiler R1, the damper H is-opened and adirectnatural draft created upthrough the tor It and stack outlet 12;

motor P1, the.

In this Wav asv vthe as trarerses` to which there isa gas t conveying Water or draft accelerav the form of the acbe conveyed to-,the placeswhere it will be ed vup and the boilerB generating steam, the

shown there would in practico be means procelerator and its large fan 'openings allowing for the free passage of ases into the stack I2. The by-passd'am er is opened and a fire started in the com ustion it G. As soon as steam is generated in the oiler R1, the turbine I5 and its `connected fan Il is' started, and this creates a draft through the passa e-O, the heating cavity B2, the conduit C, t ie .gas by-pass H2 with a damper C, and the lower gas stack H. Air for combustion is first admitted into the gas cavity C, and the feeding grate G is started. When all parts are heatdamper C* is closed, and the damper H'l is opened, when the waste gases from the boiler Rl are drawn into the top of the heater H5 through the conduit H1. Air for combustion is 'then drawn dividedly through the heater H5 from below upward, becomin thus heated, into the ash it of the boiler l, and the ash pit A of t e gas enerator, and the damper H .bei opene a plungi draft through the air eater H5 is created y the draft accelerator fan I1. The supply of air for combustion now being shut o from the gas cavity Czproducer gas is created, and the gas engines E, being started,an induced suction draft is created, the producer gas being drawn to the engines E, E, through the ipes C, C3 and L, and through the branches connecting with the several en ine cylinders, each branch being controlle by'a se arate Valve. After the exhaust as from t e engine cylinders is forced throu Il the su erheater S1, it finally finds its exit rom the ot-l tom of the super-heater throu h the exhaust pipe L1 which connects with t ie stack I-I.

A1 representsthe entrance to the air heating tubes A2.

C2 is a leed water pipe.

Wl is a tar collecting pan.

H1 is the waste gas conduit leadin Y to the air heater H5 through which run theheating tubesAZ.

Hi is a damper.'

In connection'with the elements herein vided for withdrawing the producer gas made in the gas generator and for forcing it into a storage vtank or a coinpressioli tank, neither of which are shown in the drawings for clearness, from which means the gas can needed for explosion or other purposes.

In my invention I dilute. hot newly finade gas with a cooler gas of the same or of a diverse composition, before allowing the newly produced gasto come in 'contact with a heat absorbing surface that might be damaged by too great degreeof heat in the newly formed ga's. In this way I protelt the structure of my invention in its several parts from destructive. conditions. ln such cases of dilution I usually provide a suflicient amount of heat absorbing surface for thel absorption of the heat generated, to rovide for the absorption of the larger'vo unie of diluted heat in the mixed gases of a common lower temperature. In doing .this I usually adopt the principle of applyin heat progressively from a ove downward y to a heat absorbing recipient traveling from below upwardly. lIn carrying out this process I provide means for controlling l the amount of 1 cooler gas that I admix with the hotter gas,

and use a gas that will not adversely affect the qualit'y of the gas being produced. I also provide for the p ace in the system where the admixingprocess occurs, this being particularly the case when I desire to protect certain parts; as e. g. the heat refractory Walls of the combustion chamber that might become disintegrated by the intense heat of burning coal dust, and also the fuel moving grate G. The place of admixture is also arranged so as not to interfere with the nature of the combustion process in the apparatus. Y,

In the locomotive and tender indicatedby Fig. 3, I showin modified form an application of m invention. The engine and drivtaking place in machinery of the locomotive are practica y the same as is generally used. There is a fire box in the lusual place, but of smaller size. This is used to get up steam and to sup ly an auxiliary suppl of steam when nee ed. The-boiler o tie locomotive is l. rather in thelnature of a heat economizer producing small' volumes of steam, and an p'aratus very little of the exhaust steam produced is wasted. The draft l is effected through the boilemb;T a system of twyers T, Fig. 4, discharging Xhaust exploded gas in a forward direction to the funnel of the locomotive. This gas traverses the heating tubes of the boiler. This in`ecting system Vis placed in an interspace T2, Fig-4, between the last section of the boiler which is connected with the combustion chamber, and the sect-ion `next forward to it. In this position the twyers and their connecting pipes are protected from the too great heat generated `in the combustion chamber. Cold feed water is forced from the Water tank X1, Fig. 3, which is located at the bottom of the tender, into the most-forward section of the boiler, and is forced and gravitates gradually through the sections to and around the com' -in running locomotives'.

Most of the energy used in the locomotive v ating gas.

eeeeoe is produced by a line of combustion engines E, E, Fig. 3, which are arranged on both sides of the boiler,a'1id which are reached from inside the cab, which covers about threefourths oi the rear end of the locomotive. The several engines have special work to do; but are mainiy employed in compressing newly formed steam or exhaust steam, and forcing it into the boiler and through the super-:heater N, through which it is drawn and delivered to the engine cylinders of the locomotive. After having done its work there, it is returned to the combustion engines for rc-compression. The gas for these engines is generated in aseries of producer gas generators M2, located in the tender, in numbers equal to the work required of the locomotive, such as length of run, load to be carried, etc. Most of the coal needed for a run is stored in these generators, rather than in the tender itself. The tender is elongated sufficiently to atord space for a sutlcient number of generators and for vfuel bins lil, from which the fuel is taken to supply the fire box of the boiler. In the space at the center of the tender, and at a high level which allows of a man passing beneath it, there is provided a horizontally placed combined dry scrubber' and airl heater S4. lu this application of my invention, only a good quality of hard coal or colte is used for generach gas generator has as an envelop a water heater' or boiler, which absorbs the first heat of the gcrkljlritted gas. The steam generated by these enveloping boilers is conveyed to the compression cngines and is forced into thc boiler. 'l`he produccr gas is drawn through the scrubber S in a diverse direction from that taken by the air for combustion, which is drawn through the scrubber and under the grates of the gas generators by the sticking action of the gas engines.

The exploded gases, after leaving the engines E, E, E, is first run through the superheater N before passing through the twycrs into the heating tubcsof the main boiler. ln

the special application of my invention here shown to a locomotive, l indicate in a gcncral way the application of the power generating systcm here claimed; but l do not rcstrict myself to thc specific form shown. Various other arrangements of thc elements of the invention are practicallv possible. The saaie ,elements can be arranged in a different manner for other applicat ions ofthe` invention. l"or example: by modified arrangements, thc samc system can bc applied to the propulsion of vessels ofiuany types, and also to certain types of automobiles, especially in those cases whcre this class of invention is used for traction purposes.

ln further explanation of my invention it should be said that l neither claim nor consider asan invention the use ot compressed moisture in the transmission ot' power,

whether that air is compressed by t-he )ower l of gas explosionor by other power; though l a specific means for compressing air by explosive power may be so considered. Pneumatic transmission ol powerhas been tensive use l'or a long time.` But if air is intentionally` impregnated with enough watery moisture in the form of either spray, vapor or steam to malte the combined gas and fluid a better absorber of heat and a better transmitter of power than ordinary air, and is then compressed mechanically and utilized ina motor, such useinvolves in part, the inventive idea claimed herein.

fair carrying ordinary amounts of watery l l l through water into steam andA then mechanically compressing the steam, the expansive force in thc steam is utilized on one side of the pistons of the compression pumps and through the crank shafts connecting both pumps and explosion cylinders, and fly wheels of the engines, in partially overcoming the friction and inertia that must be overcome in the mechanical compression of the steam.

The amount. ot' com )rcssion given to the va )or or steam evolved froiilithe waste heat will depend upon varying i'fonditons. ally, to economize force, l do not compress the vapor or steam to a degree that will raise the temperature otthc compressed vapor or steam to above a point where it will readily plosion in a supcrhetiter; butflifn some simple forms of apparatus, such asin the case where a liquid lrvdro-carbon is used togenerate the gas for explosion,- l utilize all the jacket heat and exploded gas exhaust in one economizer boiler, a-nd thcn compress the vapor or steam produced in that boiler to a point that will give, through the force of mechanical compression alone, a good working pressure in the accunmlator-steam tank, and that will secure a sullicient super-heat in the steam.

ln some cases of simplo'forms of apparatus l use mechanically compressed ordinary air to. initiate pow-.er transmission through the motors ol' the s vstem until steam or vapor can he produced t'rom the heat of explosion to bu used for the compressed medium of power transmission.

What l claimas new is:

,1. ln a power generating system, the combination of (l) moans for (2) means for generating power through cxplosion, (I) means for transferring the force of vexplosion to steam, (4) means for convey-` ing the steam carrying thc force of explosion to a motor, and (5) said motor.

2. ln a power generating system, the combination of (l) means for generating steam, (2) means l'or generating power through ex i plosion, (3) neans for transferring the forcein ex- In transferring the heat of explosionv absorb the higher degrees o f the heat of eXv generating stcam,`

of explosion and the heat of explosion to steam, (4) means for conveying 'the steam carrying the combined force and heat of explosion to a motor, and (5) said motor.

3. In a power generating system, the combination of (1) means for utilizing low dcrees of heat to produce vapor or steam of ow pressure, (2) means l'or compressing said vapor or steam when formed, (3) means for applying the force ot' explosion to actuate the compressing means, and (4) means for utilizing said compressed steam.

4. 11i a power generating system, tlie combination of (1) means for exploding gases, (2) means for com iressing a lieat absorbing power conveying fluid medium by tlie force of explosion, (3) means for transferring'tlie lieat of explosion to said medium, (4) means for conveying said compressed medium bearing tflie absorbed lieat of ex ilosion to a motor, (5) said motor, (6) an exlliaust conduit for said iiiediu'in leading to an exliaust pump, and (7) means comprising said pumps for tlie reintroduction ol said medium to said compressing means l'or tlietiavel of said medium iii a`circuitous round between said compressing means aiid'said motor.

5. ln ay powergenerating system, tlie conilination ol (l) means l'or producing 'explosive gases, (2) means l'or producing motive power by tlie explosion ot` said gases, said second named means comprising an engine, (3) means l'or producing steam, including irovision l'or yits generation l'roni tlie waste lient oll said engine` (t) means l'or utilizing tlie l'oi'ec ol' tlie explosive. gases to compress tlie steam, (5) a motor, and (t'i) iiieaus l'or conveying tlie compressed steam to tlie motor l'or utilizing tlie l'orce ol` tlie coinpressed steam in tlie motor.

(i. lna power generating system, tlie combination ol (l) means l'or producing explosive. gas, (LZ) an internal combustion enginel l'or producing lieat and energy tlirougli tlie explosion ol`,said gas, (Btu water picket for said engine l'or absoibiiig lieat lrom lsaid engine, (4)' a supplenientary boiler deriving lient I'rom said engine and jacket l'or beating water and producing steam, and (5) an economizer'providing l'or tlie passage of a medium l'or lieat absorption and steaniformation in a vertical current l'rom a low level to a. liigli level and l'or tlie travel of tlie lieating gases generated in a reverse current from a liigli level to a low level.

7. ln a power generating system, tlie coinbination of (l) a generator ol' combustible gas, (2) an engine actuated by tlie explosion ol' said gas, (3) meansactuated by said'enginc l`or compressing a medium l'or transmitting power, said tliird named means being exeiiiplilied by a pump lor compressing steam, (l) means l`or stoi'iiig said medium ina coinpressed state and l'or securing an equalized expansive outllow ol said medium from said storing means, (5) means for conveying'said medium under pressure to a motor, (6) said motor, and (7) econoinizers for heating air for combustion and for producing steam with tlie waste beat produced in said generator ol` gas `and in said engine.

S. ln a power generating system, the coinbiiiatioii o (l) a gas generator, (2)an internal combustion engine for exploding said gastY (3) means actuated by said engine for compressing a medium for power transmission,

(4) means l or storing said power compressed medium and for equalizing the outflowing pressure of said medium lroin said storage means, (5) means for inducing a draft,

tlirougli tlie said system, (6) lieat absorbing economizers comprising passages for'absorbl ing lieat generated 'in said system for gas.

travel, and (7) means for controlling the amount ot beat passing through said system and said passages tor gas travel of said economizers.

t). ln a power generating system, the combination of (l) means lfor producing explosive gas, (2) an internal combustion engine tor exploding said gas, (2%) means for, producing yapoi or steam ol' low pressure from the lieat generated in said system, (4) motors actuated by said vapor or steam, (5) means for coinpressing said vapor or steam of low pressure and also l'or compressing exhaust steanifrom said motors, and (6) ineansfor accumulating and l'or conveying said compressed vapor or steam to said motors. l

lt). ln a. power generating system, tlie combination of (i) an internal combustion engine, (2) a. steam Vgenerator for furnishing" .st-cani for starting tlie motors of said system v and l`or equaliziiig tbe amountv of k'steam4 needed in said system, (3) a steam boiler for eeonomizing waste. lieat and for producing steam as an adjunct source of power to tliat created by said engine, (4) a superlieater for' controlling tlie temperature ol' tlie steam used in actuating tlie motors of said system, (5) said motors, an air lieatei for lieating'air l`or combustion witli waste beat, (7) means forinducing a dral't in said system, (S) means for forcing a dral't in said system, (9) a gas produc-er comprising provision for automatically feeding l'uel into said gas producer, (10)-'nieans l'or supplyimir vand controlling tlie supply of steam and lieated air to sait gas producer, (ll) lmeans for storing tlie `power created by -said engine and vfor conby exploding gases, (4) means for conveying ilo the steam thus mechanically compressed to comprising pro vision'for producing combus- 55 a motor, and said motor. tibleas by volatilizin uel with said econo- In a power generating system, the mize `leat Without tiie'gases bearing the combination of (1) an explosion engine, (2) heat of en losion becomin mixed with' said 5 means for producing steam, (3) means for combustible gas volatilized ythe heat of excompressing said steam with the power plosion, and (6) means for conveying the 60 evolved by said engine and for forcing said 'newly formed combustible gas to' a place o f Steam to a motor, (4) said motor, (5)'1neans combustion. vfor drawing said. steam back into said third 15. In a power generating system, the named means for the repeated use of said combination-"of (1) means forgenerating gas, steam as a circulatory motive medium (2) means for generating and compressin 65 Without the loss ci much of thelatent heat oi steam, (3) means for purifying said gas, sai said steam, (5) means for replenishing the means forpurifying gas comprlsing provision volume of said steam with vapor free from for 'condensing tar, (4) jneansv for removing earthy salts and other contaminants, (6) ,i other cotamlnants insaid gasi'(5) means means for heating said steam when comf for explbding gas, and (6) means for trans- 70 pressed, (7) means for producing steam from f mitting thpowerzof explosion to the means the-heat generated in making a combustiblel for compesslng Steam.' u f gas, and (8) means for introducing said steam' 16": In a-fpower generatin system, the

` 1nto` any desired part of said system through con'lbination4 of,` (1) means or generating suction or by compression. steam, (2) meansjfor utilizing said steam for. 75 13. In a power generating system,y the 'motive power, (3) means for creating watery? combination of (1) aproducer gas generator, vapor or steam of low ressure' from the (2) means for cooling the newly made Ygas waste heat ofsaid system or replenishing the evolved in said gas enerator, and formakmg leakages or Wastes of st eam;.u sed for power steam from the coo ing of said gas, (3) a plutransmission in vsaid system,l and (4) means 80 rality of inde endentl r actuated explosion for giving expansive force' to said va or yor engines for e ecting with separate 'engines steam of lov'prggsure by mechanica comthe various lines of work needed for the operpression and forjf" adding said compressed 3o ation of said system, (fi) other' means of provapor or steam to the steam generated by ducing steam for initiating action in said* the first named mean s.- 85 system and for equalizing the amount of 17. In a power generating s stem, the lsteam needed in said system, (5) means for combination of (l) means for ma 'ng explothe f' mechanical compression of steam and sive gas, (2) an engine for the explosion of for the use of said steam at various parts of said gas (3) means 'for producing steam or said system, 6) means for conveying steam va or 'olg low prsure `from the low degrees 90 to variousparts of said system, (7) means of eat yproduced byfftheiekplosion of as in for heating air for combustionwith waste said engine, (4) meangifA for mechanicallyv heat generated in said system and for feedcompressing said steam-,produced by low 40 lng said heated air to said gas generator, and degrees of heat with lthif'rce of said en' 'ne,

(8) a motor actuated by the expansive force (5) means for supeilieting with the i h 95 lof said compressed steam, said combination degrees of heat generatedby said engine t e comprising provision for the circulatory use steam `inechamcally''icompressed by'sald enof 'said steam and for the economization of gine, (b) meansforutilizing in a-motor the the latent heat of said steam. steam thus generatedcompressed and super- 14. In a power generating system, the heated, (7) said motor, and-(8) meansior 100 combination of (1) means for making proeconomizing the exhaust steam fromsaid l ducer gas with low cost fusi, (2) means for motor. cooling said gas and producing steam, (3) Signed at New York, N. Y., this 29th day means for purifying said gas, (4) means vfor of May, 1906. I

explodin said gas and producing power by JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN. sald exp osion, (5) means for economizlng Witnesses: the heat of explosion (such as in heating OLIVE B. KING, fuel in the hopper Q),said Frith named means GEO. L. WHEELOCK.

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