US920056A - Gas-engine with combined apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

W. HEGKERT.

GAS ENGINE WITH COMBINED APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 0014,1906.

Patented Apr. 27, 1909,

43 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

van-box W. HEGKERT.

GAS- ENGINE WITH COMBINED APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 0013.4, 1906.

920,056. Pat nted Apr. 27, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

1U Nll'lllll) STATES PATENT @FFKQE.

wllrllldlil llltOlili-lt'l, Ol FINDLAY, OIllO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO .l. .T. DUFFORD, O1 l\l'I\\' (l-Asllrll, PENNSYLVANIA, ONE-SIXTH T l'l l INRY QW. SENEY, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, Jul) UN l'l-SlXlll 'lO lilAltGAltl ll hNAll, Oi FINDLAY, Ollll).

GAS-ENGINE WITH COMBINED APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 27, 1909.

Application filed October 4, 1906. Serial No. 337,398.

' 5 of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements-in Gas-Engines with Cornbined Apparatus; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the iniientionpsuclr' as will lp'enable others skilled in the art to which it ap ertains to make and use the same.

like object of my invention is to provide aniinproved type of motor, of high power and efficiency, adapted for heavy work,

either heating or power purposes, such as steam-heating, electric-lighting, pumping, locomotive, rolling-mill and steamship propelling.-

More especially, my invention seeks to improve the construction and increase the efiiciency of operation of combined as and steam-engines having an associated boiler, and in which the heat derived from the combustion in the gas-engine is utilized for firing the boiler, for generating steam, for

running the steain-engine or for other purposes. v

A second object of my invention is to provide a supplemental firing means, independout of that afforded by the gas-engine, for

internally firing the boiler and generating steam}, to be used either independently of or conjunctively with the gas-engine as a heating or firin agency; and, further, to $5 fully utilize the heat from both sources'in a most economical and ellcctive manner.

Another object is to utilize the supplemental firing agency as a meansfor starting the gas-engine, thereby obviating the difli- 40'culty, hitherto incident to gas-engines or combined gas and stealnsengines, of requiring some exterior force to start them, and thus making the engine applicable to all kinds of heavy Work, the same as the present steam-oli ine.

Stillia iurther objeetis to provide, in conjunction with the supplenicntal firingagency,

a gasp1"'oducing means for producing the combustible fuel for the'supplernental firing agency, as wella's for the gas-engine, or

for other additional purposes if desired; and,

moreover, to obtain the production of gas from coal as well as other gasiiiable material, thereby avoiding the restrictions to the use of oil as fuel.

For attaining these objects, together with such additional objects as are incidental to or included in the foregoing, a complete heat and power apparatus embodying all my 1111- provcments, comprises, in the main, first, a boiler in association with a combined gas and steam engine ofthe ty'Jc known as the trimotor (see my U. Patents Nos. 708,637 and 764,808, dated Sept. 9, 1902,

and July 12, 1904) wherein agas-engine,

strain-engine and boiler are united in one cylinder, the piston being propelled in opposite directions by the action of explosive gases on the one side and by the action of steam on the other side, and the cylinder being surrounded by a water-clnnnber constituting a jacket for the gas end of the cylinder and also serving as the boiler for generating steam to supply the steam end of the cylinder. In this case, the waterchamber or jacket surrounding the engine cylinder constitutes a part of or is in communication with the main boiler; and, in addition to heating the water in said chamber or jacket by t 10 heat of the explosions or conibustions in the gas side of the enginecylinder, the hot exhaust gases are conve cd off through a plurality of lines extending through the main boiler, so that the gasengine practically constitutes a furnace for firing the boiler. Other Sllillltll,ll1l63, extending through the boiler are in connnunication with a supplemental tiring or combustion-chambcr, which is substantially surrounded by or incloscd in the boiler. In said firing or combustion-chamber, a suitable burner or burners is or are provided for delivering thcreinto gas, oil, or other ilnid conilmstiblc, which on boing'ignitod likewise supplies hot gases for liring the boiler, as an independent agency from that allordcd by the gas-enginc. Through said supple mental iiring or combustion-chamber ex tends a pipe or conduit, whose inlet end re ceives coal or other gasifiable substance,

y while its outlet end is in communication with pt-ure of gas and air is periodically admitted the gasome ter; so, that, the gasifiable ma? into the eombustion-cliamber 8 through the terial in the conduit being exposed to the I mixing-valve 10, the gas or fluid combustiheat of the supplemental firing or cowhunble being injected from the injector br noztion-chaniber, generates gas in said pipe or zle 1], controlled by a valve 12, and the air conduit for supplying the gasometer. The for admixture therewith being taken through gasometer, or the pipe or conduit, leading suitable openings in the casing or chamber thereto, may be in communication with the i of the said mixing-valve 10. As understood, gas-engine and with the burners in the supi an explosive charge or admixture is'admitted plemental 'liring-chamber, so as to supply to the colnbustion-chamber by the valve 10 the fluid combustible to both places; while during a reverse or down stroke of the piston, the gas may also be supplied elsewhere for T compressed on thefore ard or upward stroke, other uses if needed... The boiler has a surand ignited or exploded at the proper time mounting steam-dome from which steam- 1 by means of any suitable igniter, thusforcpipes convey the steam for utilization. One log back or propelling the piston on the steam-pipe extends to the steam side of the second down stroke, uhile on the next uptrimotoi, or combined gals and steam en- \aard stroke the expanded gases and prodgine, for supplying the same with steam for nets of combustion are exhausted through propelling the piston; and thus makes pro- Q the exhaust valve 13. Said exhaust valve vision for starting the motor prior to the 13 is opened at the proper period by means starting ofthe gas-engine, since the steam of a tappet or presser-arm 14 caused to press generated in the boiler by firing with the (l()\-\l1 the valve-stem by the periodic action supplemental firing device may be used for i of a cam 15 ona roller-bearing arm 16 atthat purpose. Another steam-pipe leads tached to the shaft or axis of said tappet; to the aforesaid conduit which carries the i the cam 15 being aflixed on a vertical shaft gasiiiable sul'istanre through the supple- Q 17 geared with the crank-shaft to turn at a mental firing-chamber, whereby the coal or 2 speed of one rotation to every two revoluapparatus, taken on line l-1 of Fig. 2.

other gasi'iiable substance is forced by a, steam-jet through said conduit.

Reference will now be had to the accomi panying drawings, which constitute a part of this specification, and wherein is illus-;

trated o'ne practicable form of apparatus embodying my invention; it being understood however that the invention is susceptible of other embodiments and various changes in design, arrangement of parts, and details; so that I do not confine myself to this or any specificconstruction; v

The invention will first be described with E reference to said drawings, and then more articularly pointed out and defined in the appended claims.

Figure 1 is a central vertical section of the Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section taken transversely through the burners of' the gas-proi ducer and firing device. i

in said drawings, 1 denotes an engine-bed having bearings for an ordinary crank-shaft 2, shown provided with the fly-wheels 3. The crank 4 is connected by the pitinan 5 with a piston 65, shown working in a vortically-arranged cylinder 7 above the crankshaft. The piston 6 ispropelled in opposite directions. by the action of explosive or combustible gases on one side (here the upper side) and by steam upon the opposite side.

The numeral 8 denotes the combustionchamber of the gas-engine and 9 indicates the steamchamber. i

The gas-engine may be of any appropriate construction. As shown, an explosive mixtions of the crank-shaft.

The engine-cylinder 7 has a surrounding water-jacket or casing 18, always iilled' ith water, which besides jacketing the combusthin-chamber of the gas-enginc, serves also as a steam generator, the heat being furnished by the explosions or combustions in the gas-engine. Said water-jacket i8 is interiorly in communication with and forms a part of an upright boiler 19 in this instance the unitary casing of the engine-cylinder and its surrounding jackct'being shown.

bolted to the side of the boiler, which in turn is monn ted on the engine-bed 1. W ater is supplied to the boiler, preferably at or near its bottom, by means of any suitable pump or'injector, not shown. From the combustion-chamher of the gas-engine, the hot gases or products of combustion pass through the exhaust-valve 13 into a firespace or passage 20, in the upper part of the boiler, and thence downeardlythrough a series of fire-Hues or boiler-tubes 21 into a lower exhaust-passage 22. Thus the heat of the explosions and exhausted products of combustion is fully and effectively utilized, since the engine-cylinder itself constitutes an internal firing agency, besides which the hot exhaust gases therefrom pass at their highest temperature through the upper por- ,tion of the boiler, containing the hottest water, and thence-pass downwardly at a diminishing temperature and give up their heat to the colder w ater; In other words, the hi hest temperature of the exhaust gases is appdied to the l1ottest,water above, and

the low est temperature of'such gases to the;

coldest water in the bottom of the boiler; so

saopse that the water in ascending is continuously .3 means of said valve 26, steam may be Init-ted toand exhausted from the steamchamber 9; the :live steam bein supplied through the pipe 24 as aforesai anr the exhaust steam passing up through a tube 27 to the fire-space and thence down through the tines 2'1 and out throu h the general exhaust 22. The steam-Va ve 26 may be of any up ropriate type or construction,'for exarnpe, a rocking or rotating valve, actuated through a. cdnnecting-rod 28 by an eccentrid29 on the crank-shaft.

Referring now to the supplemental-firing and gas-producing device, a water-jacketed firing-chamber 30 is arranged at or in the upperpart of the boiler; its jacket 31 in this instance being shown bolted to the side of tliiboiler and having the water-space therein in communication with the water in the Said firing-chamber 30, shown enlargedv'n Fig. 3, is provided with two or more hydrocarbon burners 32, each having an air-- supply pipe 33 and a gas or oil-supply pipe 34. As usual in such burners, the gas or oil is discharged through a nozzle extending through the air-chamber of the burner, the supply of gas or oil being regulated by a needle-valve 35. The said burners 32 can be lighted through an opening 36 in the firingchamber, said opening being closed by a detachable-screw-cap. 'Thehot productsof combust-ion pass from the iiring-chamber 30 into the fire-space or passage 37, which is shown in-line with the before--mentioned fire-space .20, and separated tl'ierefrom by a partition .38. From the fire-space 37, the hot products of combustion pass downwardly through a series of fire-fines or boiler-tubes 39 to the gen era-l exhaust 22 at the bottom of the boiler. Thus the heat from the supplemental firing-devioe is utilized in the same perfect and-effective manner already explained with reference to the heat from the products of combustionof the gas-en ine. As to the respective numbers of the boiler-tubes 21 and 39, a desirable arrangement would be twentyfour tubes 21 for the hot gases from the gas-enginc,. and twelve tubes 39 for the hot "gases from the supplemental firing-chamber although of course the respective numbers of such tubes maybe various.

I A pipe 40 extends vertically through the centerof thefiringwhamberih), in the focus of the heat of the said two or more hydrocarbon: burners 32. At the upper end of said pipe 40, n bove the chamber 30, is a'liopper 41 :for renewing-pulverized or ground coal crude oil, or other gasifiabie material. From the steam-dome 23 extends a steam s'upply pipe 42, controlled by a valve 43, and having an injector or steam-jet 44 arranged in the hopper 41 in such manner to force the ground coal or other material down through thopipe 40, wherein the said material is subjected to the intense heat within the firing-chamber Ill) and is thereby gasificd. A gasomctcr 45 is connected to the lower end of the pipe -10. branch pipe 46 leads therefrom to the gasfc eding device 1] at the headof the gas-cirgine, and other branch pipes lead to the hydrocarbon burners 32; that is the f uol supply-pipes 34 ofsaid burners 32 may derive their suppiyof gas from the pipe 40 or from the asometer 45.

T in operation of the supplcmental-firing, gas producing and engine-starting device is as follows: Assuming a gas supply in the are opened and the gas in the firing-ch11 mber 30 is lighted through the opening In a short time the watcrin the jacket surrounding the firing-chamber and in the upper-portion of the boiler will be heated and steam formed at high pressure in the steam-dome 23. If gas now he admitted to the mixing-valve 10 of the gas-engine, by opening 'the valve 12 of the gas-feeder or nozzle 11, and if the valve 25 of the steam-pipe 24 be opened to admit steam through the valve 26 to the steam-chamber 9 of the cylinder, the engine will start the same as any other steam engine, under the impulse of steam admitted through the said valve 26. At the same time, the gas end of the evlindcr will take. in

exploded in the usual way, thereby adding its impulse to the other side of the piston, and setting the gas-engine into operation. The engine having now been started, its op eration will continue, the steam giving an impulse at each upward stroke of the piston and the explosion or combustion of the gas giving an inipulsc in the opposite directioi'i at every second down stroke of the piston or every second revolution of the crankshaft.

if desired, the Sll])})l0lll(lltill-l lll'llOl'S 32 may now be extinguished since the gas-- engine will continue in operation, and the boiler will be fired by the heat from the gasengine and from the products of combustion exhausted therefrom through the lire-flue or boiler-tubes 21. Or, if preferred, the supplemental-firing agency may be continued in operation. conjuuctively ith the firing atforded by the gas-engine, thereby increasing the capacity of the motor. As heretofore practiced u ith the trimotor or u ith a combined gas and stcmn-cngine of the character disclosed herein, the waste heat from the gas end of the cylinder has caused the generation of a certain amount of steam for the steam end of the cylinder, reaching its maximum limit hen a full charge of mixed gas and air is consumed in the gas end of the nornbined gasonieter 45, the valves of the burners32 and compress a charge oi gas which will be pipes 46 so as to supply the gas end of the supplemental firing device.

residue of combustion usually passes away cylinder of an internal combustion or explomotor. On the other hand, by the aid of in r supplemental-firing device, any desired audition of steam and pressure can be given to the steam end of such motors. It is also evident that when such motors are used to heat and light buildings, the engine can be stopped at night or at any time, in gvhich case the supplemental-firing device will keep up steam curing the night to warm the building and start the engine again in the morning. 7

When'it is desired to use coal as fuel, crushed or linely ground coal is supplied to the hopper 41, the burners 32 being in operation, thereby intensely heating the pipe 40. If the valve 43 now be slightly opened, the steam-injector 44 -will carry mingled steam and crushed coal into the hot tube 40, wherein both the steam and carbon are decomposed into earbureted hydrogen gas, which will continue in its course down into the gasomcter 45, and through the branch gas-engine u ith heated gas as iuel, and in the same. way supply the supplemental burners 32 1th heated gas as the combustible tor the Yith present separate gas-prmlucers, the

at a high temperature, wasting a huge amount of heat, whereas, in my supplemental-tiring and gas-producing device, after intensely heating the decomposing chamber, the hot gases emer into the boiler tubes 3?) in contact with the hottest water and descend-as they cool oil in Contact -with the coldest water through the general exhaust 22, thus recovering and utilizing the heat from such gases, in the same manner that the heat is recovbred and utilized from the gasengine.

[Iaving tl'ius'described my invention, what I claim as non and desire to secure by Letters l Patent oi the United States is l. In a gas-engine nith combined apparatus, a steam-boiler in which are inclosed, and surrounded by the water therein, the

sion engine'and also an imlependent lirechamber, the latter having burners or firing means therein, and separate roups of iirci Hues leading through the boiler one group from the said fire-chamber andtie other from the combustion-rhainher of the gasengine for conveying oil' the hot produets of combustion, all in a unitary structure, whereby the boiler is tired either independently or conjunctively by the gas-en inc and said fire-chamber as a supplemnta means.

2.- Ina gas-engine and combined apparatus, an upright steam-boiler having a [irespace in its upper portion and. an exhaust space in its bottom, iii'elluesv connecting said spaces, and an internal combustion or explo sion engine and supplemental firing device tion and a bottom exhaust passage, or boilertubes connecting said tire and.ex-'

"with hot gases.

' both inclosed and surrounded by the Water in said steam-boiler, and both' arranged to 'disr charge their hot products of combustion into said upper Tire-space to descend throughsaid fines to said bottom exhaust spice.

'3. The combination of a boiler having a. steam-dome, fire-passages in-its upper orneues haust passages, a combined gas and steam engine, the explosion-chamber of the gasa engine being inclosed in the boiler and having its exhaust opening into one of said firepassages, a supplemental firing chamber also inclosed in the boiler and opening into the other iirciassage, a steam-valve in con-. nection with the steam-engine, and a pipe for conducting steam thereto from said steann, dome.

4. In a gas-engine with combined apparatus, a steam-boiler in which are inclosed, and surrounded by the water therein, the cylinder of an internal combustion or ex 10- sion engine and also sin-independent tirechamber, the latter having a burner or burners therein, fire-Hues leading through the boiler from the said firechainber and from the conibustion-ehamber of the explosion-engine for conveying off the hot products of combustion, and a pi e or conduit for gasifiable material extending throu h said fire chamber, being thereby exposed to the heat therein, and leading therefrom to the'explosion-engine to supply the latter with hot gas for explosive mixture.

5. In a gas-engine with combined apparatus, a steam-boiler in which are inclosed, and surrounded by the vvater therein, the cylinder of an internal combustion or explosion engine and also an independent fire-chamber, the latter having a burner or burners therein, fire-tines leading through the boiler from the said fire-chamber and from the combus- Hon-chamber of the explosion-engine for conveying oil the hot roducts ofco nbustion, and a pipe or con uit for gasifiable Inaterial exposed to the heat in said fire-chamber and connnunicating with said burners and with the explosion-engine, thus supplying said burners and the explosion-engine 6. In a gas-engine with combined apparatus, a steam-boiler 1n whlch are lnclosed, and

surrounded by the water therein, the cylinder of an internal combustion or explosionen ine and also an independentfire-chamber, the atter having a burner or burners therein,-fireilues leading through the boiler from the said lire-chamber and from the combustion-chaniber of the explosion-enginefor conveying oil the hot products of combustion, and a ipe or conduit for gasifiable material leading 15 irough said fire chamber-and having connection with the combustion engine, said pi e being providedexteriorly of tho boiler Wit a hopor for feeding ground coal or other crude In testimony whereofI afiix my signature,

us},- flfild :1 steamipe leadinig from the I in presence of 'mvqwitnesses.v

boi e1- avin a nozz e arran e to in'ect a steam-jet inFo said hopper t5) force th e ma- WILLIAM HEX/KER? 5 terial through said pipe and to unite in the Witnesses: v

l0c0mp0siLi0n of the material for formation E. A. BRUCE,

of gases. JAS. M. SHEPARD.

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