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US8841304B2 - Pyrrolopyridines as kinase inhibitors - Google Patents

Pyrrolopyridines as kinase inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
US8841304B2
US8841304B2 US12/812,447 US81244709A US8841304B2 US 8841304 B2 US8841304 B2 US 8841304B2 US 81244709 A US81244709 A US 81244709A US 8841304 B2 US8841304 B2 US 8841304B2
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compound
mmol
pyrrolo
reaction
phenyl
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US20100324041A1 (en
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James F. Blake
Indrani W. Gunawardana
Yvan Le Huerou
Peter J. Mohr
Eli M. Wallace
Bin Wang
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Genentech Inc
Array Biopharma Inc
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Genentech Inc
Array Biopharma Inc
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Assigned to ARRAY BIOPHARMA, INC. reassignment ARRAY BIOPHARMA, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WANG, BIN, BLAKE, JAMES F., GUNAWARDANA, INDRANI, LE HUEROU, YVAN, MOHR, PETER J., WALLACE, ELI M.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, to a process for making the compounds and to the use of the compounds in therapy. More particularly it relates to certain 4-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines useful in the treatment and prevention of hyperproliferative diseases.
  • Protein kinases are kinase enzymes that phosphorylate other proteins. The phosphorylation of these proteins usually produces a functional change in the protein. Most kinases act on serine and threonine or tyrosine, and some kinases act on all three. Through these functional changes, kinases can regulate many cellular pathways. Protein kinase inhibitors are compounds that inhibit these protein kinases, and thus can be used to affect cellular pathways.
  • CHK1 Checkpoint kinase 1
  • CHK1 is a serine/threonine kinase. CHK1 regulates cell-cycle progression and is a main factor in DNA-damage response within a cell. CHK1 inhibitors have been shown to sensitize tumor cells to a variety of genotoxic agents, such as chemotherapy and radiation. (Tse, Archie N., et al., “Targeting Checkpoint Kinase 1 in Cancer Therapeutics.” Clin. Cancer Res. 13(7) (2007) 1955-1960). It has been observed that many tumors are deficient in the G 1 DNA damage checkpoint pathway, resulting in the reliance on S and G 2 checkpoints to repair DNA damage and survive.
  • CHK2 Checkpoint kinase 2
  • CHK2 is also a serine/threonine kinase. CHK2's functions are central to the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by DNA damage.
  • CHK2 is activated in response to genotoxic insults and propagates the checkpoint signal along several pathways, which eventually causes cell-cycle arrest in the G 1 , S and G 2 /M phases, activation of DNA repair, and apoptotic cell death.
  • Bartek, Jiri, et al. “CHK2 Kinase—A Busy Messenger.” Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Vol.
  • Cancer cells often lack one or more genome-integrity checkpoints, so inhibition of CHK2 could make tumor cells selectively more sensitive to anti-cancer therapies, such as ⁇ -radiation or DNA-damaging drugs. Normal cells would still activate other checkpoints and recover, while cancer cells deprived of checkpoints would be more likely to die. It has been demonstrated that a peptide-based inhibitor of CHK2 abrogated the G2 checkpoint and sensitized p53-defective cancer cells to DNA damaging agents. (Pommier, Yves, et al., “Targeting Chk2 Kinase: Molecular Interaction Maps and Therapeutic Rationale.” Current Pharmaceutical Design Vol. 11, No. 22 (2005) 2855-2872).
  • CHK1 and/or CHK2 inhibitors are known, see for example, International Publication Number WO 2007/090493, International Publication Number WO 2007/090494, International Publication WO 2006/106326, International Publication WO 2006/120573, International Publication WO 2005/103036 and International Publication WO 03/028724.
  • Certain pyrrolopyridines are known, but not as CHK1/2 inhibitors, see for example, United States Patent Application Publication 2005/0130954, United States Patent Application Publication 2007/0135466, U.S. Pat. No. 7,115,741, and International Publication Number WO 2007/002433.
  • the present invention relates to compounds that are inhibitors of CHK1 and/or CHK2. Accordingly, the compounds of the present invention are useful in the treatment of diseases and conditions that can be treated by the inhibition of CHK1 and/or CHK2 protein kinases.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides methods of preventing or treating a disease or disorder modulated by CHK1 and/or CHK2, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of this invention or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • diseases and disorders include, but are not limited to, hyperproliferative disorders (such as cancer), neurodegeneration, cardiac hypertrophy, pain, migraine and neurotraumatic disease.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides methods of preventing or treating cancer, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of this invention, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, alone or in combination with one or more additional compounds having anti-cancer properties.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating a hyperproliferative disease in a mammal comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of this invention to the mammal.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides the compounds of this invention for use in therapy.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides the compounds of this invention for the use in the treatment of a hyperproliferative disease.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides the use of a compound of this invention in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a hyperproliferative disease.
  • the hyperproliferative disease is cancer.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides the use of a compound of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament, for use as a CHK1 and/or CHK2 inhibitor in the treatment of a patient undergoing cancer therapy.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides the use of a compound of the present invention in the treatment of a hyperproliferative disease.
  • the hyperproliferative disease is cancer.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention for use in the treatment of a hyperproliferative disease.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention for use in the treatment of cancer.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of this invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • Another aspect of the present invention includes methods of preparing, methods of separation, and methods of purification of the compounds of this invention.
  • alkyl includes linear or branched-chain radicals of carbon atoms. Some alkyl moieties have been abbreviated, for example, methyl (“Me”), ethyl (“Et”), propyl (“Pr”) and butyl (“Bu”), and further abbreviations are used to designate specific isomers of compounds, for example, 1-propyl or n-propyl (“n-Pr”), 2-propyl or isopropyl (“i-Pr”), 1-butyl or n-butyl (“n-Bu”), 2-methyl-1-propyl or isobutyl (“i-Bu”), 1-methylpropyl or s-butyl (“s-Bu”), 1,1-dimethylethyl or t-butyl (“t-Bu”) and the like.
  • the abbreviations are sometimes used in conjunction with elemental abbreviations and chemical structures, for example, methanol (“MeOH”) or ethanol (“EtOH”).
  • heterocycle or “heterocyclic” means a four to six membered ring containing one, two or three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
  • heteroaryl means a five to six membered aromatic ring containing one, two or three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
  • beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable.
  • Treatment can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment.
  • Those in need of treatment include those already with the condition or disorder, as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount or “effective amount” mean an amount of a compound of the present invention that, when administered to a mammal in need of such treatment, sufficient to (i) treat or prevent the particular disease, condition, or disorder, (ii) attenuate, ameliorate, or eliminate one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevent or delay the onset of one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder described herein.
  • the amount of a compound that will correspond to such an amount will vary depending upon factors such as the particular compound, disease condition and its severity, the identity (e.g., weight) of the mammal in need of treatment, but can nevertheless be routinely determined by one skilled in the art.
  • cancer and “cancerous” refer to or describe the physiological condition in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth.
  • a “tumor” comprises one or more cancerous cells. Examples of cancer include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma, and leukemia or lymphoid malignancies.
  • cancers include squamous cell cancer (e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer), lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (“NSCLC”), adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney or renal cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, skin cancers, including melanoma, as well as head and neck cancer.
  • squamous cell cancer e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer
  • lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (“NS
  • phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable” indicates that the substance or composition must be compatible chemically and/or toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, and/or the mammal being treated therewith.
  • phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable salt,” as used herein, refers to pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic salts of a compound of the invention.
  • the compounds of this invention also include other salts of such compounds which are not necessarily pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and which may be useful as intermediates for preparing and/or purifying compounds of this invention and/or for separating enantiomers of compounds of this invention.
  • mammal means a warm-blooded animal that has or is at risk of developing a disease described herein and includes, but is not limited to, guinea pigs, dogs, cats, rats, mice, hamsters, and primates, including humans.
  • the present invention provides certain 4-substituted 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines that are CHK1 and/or CHK2 inhibitors useful in the treatment of diseases, conditions and/or disorders modulated by CHK1 and/or CHK2.
  • G is cyclohexyl or phenyl optionally substituted by 1-3 independent R 4 groups, or
  • G when m is 0, G may additionally be absent or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
  • R 1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, —C( ⁇ O)OR a , —OR e , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl, phenyl or —O-phenyl, wherein the heteroaryl, phenyl or —O-phenyl may be optionally substituted with one or two R b groups;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, CH 3 , or —NHC( ⁇ O)R f , provided that when R 1 is hydrogen, R 2 is —NHC( ⁇ O)R f ;
  • R 3 is selected from H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl
  • each R 4 is independently selected from halogen, CF 3 , OCF 3 and CN;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen or CH 3 ;
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl
  • R a is C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • each R b group is independently selected from halogen, CN, OCH 3 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, oxo, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl or NR g R h ;
  • R e is C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle
  • R f is C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from oxo, halogen, CN, CF 3 or C 1 -C 3 alkyl, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, CN, CF 3 or C 1 -C 3 alkyl;
  • R g and R h are independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • n and p are independently 0 or 1;
  • R 5 is hydrogen, R 6 and R 7 together with the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclic ring having one ring nitrogen atom, and R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) such that the compound of Formula I has the structure of Formula II:
  • R c and R d are independently selected from hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • r is 1 or 2.
  • G is cyclohexyl
  • G is phenyl optionally substituted by one to three R 4 groups.
  • R 4 is halogen.
  • G is 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-chlorophenyl or 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl.
  • examples include phenyl optionally substituted with one or more R 4 groups independently selected from halogen, CF 3 , OCF 3 and CN.
  • m is 0 and G is cyclohexyl, phenyl optionally substituted by 1-3 independent R 4 groups, absent or C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • m is 0 and G is absent.
  • m is 0 and G is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • m is 0 and G is isopropyl.
  • R 1 is selected from halogen, CN, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, —C( ⁇ O)OR a , —OR e , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl, phenyl or —O-phenyl, wherein the heteroaryl, phenyl or —O-phenyl may be optionally substituted with one or two R b groups.
  • R 1 is selected from Br, CN, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, —C( ⁇ O)OR a , —OR e , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl, phenyl or —O-phenyl, wherein the heteroaryl, phenyl or —O-phenyl may be optionally substituted with one or two R b groups.
  • R 1 is selected from halogen, CN, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, —C( ⁇ O)OR a , —OR e , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, phenyl or —O-phenyl, wherein the phenyl or —O-phenyl may be optionally substituted with one or two R b groups.
  • R 1 is selected from Br, CN, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, —C( ⁇ O)OR a , —OR e , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, phenyl or —O-phenyl, wherein the phenyl or —O-phenyl may be optionally substituted with one or two R b groups.
  • R 1 is selected from CN, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, —C(O)OR a , —OR e , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, phenyl or —O-phenyl, wherein the phenyl or —O-phenyl may be optionally substituted with one or two R b groups.
  • R 1 is selected from CN, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, —C(O)OR a , —OR e , phenyl or —O-phenyl, wherein the phenyl or —O-phenyl may be optionally substituted with one or two R b groups.
  • R 1 is Br.
  • R 1 is CN
  • R 1 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • R 1 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen. In certain embodiments, R 1 is CF 3 .
  • R 1 is C( ⁇ O)OR a .
  • R a is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • R a is CH 3 .
  • R 1 is C( ⁇ O)OCH 3 .
  • R 1 is —OR e .
  • R e is C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or 5 or 6 membered heterocycle.
  • R e is 5 or 6 membered heterocycle. In certain embodiments, R e is morpholinyl.
  • R e is C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R e is isopropyl. In certain embodiments, R 1 is —OCH(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • R e is C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with OH. In certain embodiments, R e is 2-hydroxybutane. In certain embodiments, R 1 is —OCH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 CH 3 .
  • R e is C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle. In certain embodiments, R e is C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with morpholinyl. In certain embodiments, R e is CH 2 CH 2 -morpholin-4-yl or CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -morpholin-4-yl. In certain embodiments, R 1 is —OCH 2 CH 2 -morpholin-4-yl or —OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -morpholin-4-yl.
  • R 1 is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • R 1 is cyclopropyl
  • R 1 is a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two R b groups.
  • the 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl is pyrazolyl, 1-oxa-3,4-diazolyl, thiophenyl or pyridinyl.
  • each R b is independently selected from halogen, CN, OCH 3 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, oxo, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl or NR g R h .
  • R b is 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl. In particular embodiments, R b is pyrazolyl.
  • each R b is independently selected from halogen, CN, OCH 3 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, oxo, pyrazolyl or NR g R h .
  • R 1 is a pyrazolyl optionally substituted with one or two R b groups. In certain embodiments, R 1 is a pyrazolyl substituted with one R b group. In certain embodiments, R b is methyl. In certain embodiments, R 1 is a 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-yl.
  • R 1 is 1-oxa-3,4-diazolyl optionally substituted with one or two R b groups. In certain embodiments, R 1 is 1-oxa-3,4-diazolyl substituted with one R b group. In certain embodiments, R b is C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 1 is 2-isopropyl-1-oxa-3,4-diazol-5-yl. In certain embodiments, R 1 is 2-methyl-1-oxa-3,4-diazol-5-yl.
  • R 1 is pyridinyl optionally substituted with one or two R b groups. In certain embodiments, R 1 is pyridinyl. In certain embodiments, R 1 is pyridin-3-yl.
  • R 1 is thiophenyl optionally substituted with one or two R b groups. In certain embodiments, R 1 is thiophen-2-yl.
  • R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two R b groups.
  • each R b is independently selected from halogen, OCH 3 , —C( ⁇ O)NR g R h or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, oxo, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl or NR g R h .
  • R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two R b groups.
  • each R b is independently selected from halogen, OCH 3 , —C( ⁇ O)NR g R h or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, oxo, pyrazolyl or NR g R h .
  • R 1 is phenyl
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one or two R b groups.
  • R b is selected from halogen, CN, OCH 3 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, oxo, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl or NR g R h .
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one or two R b groups.
  • R b is selected from halogen, CN, OCH 3 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, oxo, pyrazolyl or NR g R h .
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one R b group. In certain embodiments, R b is halogen. In certain embodiments, R 1 is phenyl substituted with F or Cl. In certain embodiments, R 1 is 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one R b group. In certain embodiments, R b is CN. In certain embodiments, R 1 is phenyl substituted with CN. In certain embodiments, R 1 is 3-cyanophenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one R b group. In certain embodiments, R b is OCH 3 . In certain embodiments, R 1 is phenyl substituted with OCH 3 . In certain embodiments, R 1 is 3-methoxyphenyl or 4-methoxyphenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one R b group.
  • R b is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • R b is isopropyl.
  • R 1 is 3-isopropylphenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one R b group.
  • R b is C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with halogen.
  • R b is CF 3 .
  • R 1 is 3-trifluoromethylphenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one R b group.
  • R b is C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with OH.
  • R b is —CH 2 OH.
  • R 1 is 3-hydroxymethylphenyl or 4-hydroxymethylphenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one R b group.
  • R b is C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl.
  • R b is C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with pyrazolyl.
  • R b is (1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl.
  • R 1 is 4-((1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)phenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one R b group.
  • R b is C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with NR g R h .
  • R g and R h are methyl.
  • R h is —CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • R 1 is 3-(CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 )phenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one R h group.
  • R h is C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with oxo and NR g R h .
  • R h is —C( ⁇ O)NR g R h .
  • R g is methyl and R h is hydrogen.
  • R h is —C( ⁇ O)NHCH 3 (N-methylformamide).
  • R 1 is 4-(C( ⁇ O)NHCH 3 )phenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one R h group.
  • R h is C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with oxo and NR g R h .
  • R b is —CH 2 C( ⁇ O)NR g R h .
  • R g and R h are hydrogen.
  • R b is —CH 2 C( ⁇ O)NH 2 .
  • R 1 is 3-phenylacetamide (phenyl-CH 2 C( ⁇ O)NH 2 ).
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with one R h group.
  • R h is C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with oxo and NR g R h .
  • R g and R h are hydrogen.
  • R h is —C( ⁇ O)NH 2 .
  • R 1 is 3-(C( ⁇ O)NH 2 )phenyl or 4-(C( ⁇ O)NH 2 )phenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with two R h group. In certain embodiments, R h is OCH 3 . In certain embodiments, R 1 is phenyl disubstituted with OCH 3 . In certain embodiments, R 1 is 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with two R h group. In certain embodiments, R h is halogen. In certain embodiments, R 1 is phenyl disubstituted with F. In certain embodiments, R 1 is 3,5-difluorophenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with two R h group. In certain embodiments, each R h is independently selected from halogen and OCH 3 . In certain embodiments, R 1 is phenyl substituted with F and OCH 3 . In certain embodiments, R 1 is 3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted by at least one R h group at the 3-phenyl position.
  • each R h group is independently selected from halogen, CN, OCH 3 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, oxo or NR g R h .
  • R 1 is 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-isopropylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 3-hydroxymethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-(CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 )phenyl, 3-(CH 2 C( ⁇ O)NH 2 )phenyl, or 3-(C( ⁇ O)NH 2 )Phenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted by at least one R b group at the 4-phenyl position.
  • each R b group is independently selected from halogen, OCH 3 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, oxo, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl or NR g R h .
  • each R b group is independently selected from halogen, OCH 3 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, oxo, pyrazolyl or NR g R h .
  • R 1 is 4-fluorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-hydroxymethylphenyl, 4-((1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)phenyl or 4-(C( ⁇ O)NHCH 3 )phenyl or 4-(C( ⁇ O)NH 2 )phenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted by at least one R b group at the 2-phenyl position. In certain embodiments, R b is halogen. In certain embodiments, R 1 is 2-fluorophenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with two R b groups.
  • each R b is independently selected from halogen, CN, OCH 3 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, oxo, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl or NR g R h .
  • each R b is independently selected from halogen, CN, OCH 3 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, oxo, pyrazolyl or NR g R h .
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with two R b groups at the 3 and 4 positions. In certain embodiments, each R b is OCH 3 . In certain embodiments, R 1 is 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl.
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted with two R b groups at the 3 and 5 positions.
  • each R b is independently selected from halogen or OCH 3 .
  • R 1 is 3,5-difluorophenyl or 3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, provided that when R 1 is hydrogen, then R 2 is —NHC( ⁇ O)R f .
  • R 2 is hydrogen
  • R 2 is CH 3 .
  • R 2 is —NHC( ⁇ O)R f .
  • R f is C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from oxo, halogen, CN, CF 3 or C 1 -C 3 alkyl, or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, CN, CF 3 or C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
  • R f is C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R f is methyl or propyl. In certain embodiments, R 2 is —NHC( ⁇ O)CH 3 or —NHC( ⁇ O)CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 .
  • R f is C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituted with OH. In certain embodiments, R f is hydroxymethyl. In certain embodiments, R 2 is —NHC( ⁇ O)CH 2 OH.
  • R f is a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from oxo, halogen, CN, CF 3 or C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
  • R f is a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R f is pyridinyl. In certain embodiments, R 2 is nicotinamide (—NHC( ⁇ O)-pyridin-3-yl).
  • R f is a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R f is pyridinyl. In certain embodiments, R 2 is selected from nicotinamide and 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.
  • R f is a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, CN, CF 3 or C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
  • R f is a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, CN, CF 3 or C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
  • R 2 is selected from 5-chloronicotinamide and 5-methylnicotinamide.
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • n is 0 or 1. In certain embodiments, m is 0. In certain embodiments, m is 1.
  • R 4 is a halogen. In a further embodiment, R 4 is Cl.
  • n is 0 or 1. In certain embodiments, n is 0. In certain embodiments, n is 1.
  • p is 0 or 1. In certain embodiments, p is 0. In certain embodiments, p is 1.
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen or CH 3 . In certain embodiments, R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 5 and R 6 are CH 3 .
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • R 7 is hydrogen
  • R 8 is hydrogen
  • R 7 and R 8 are hydrogen.
  • R 7 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In a further embodiment, R 7 is a C 3 alkyl. In a further embodiment, R 7 is an isopropyl group. In certain embodiments, R 8 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • R 8 is methyl
  • R 2 is isopropyl and R 8 is methyl.
  • R 5 is hydrogen, R 6 and R 2 together with the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclic ring having one ring nitrogen atom, and R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) such that the compound of Formula I has the structure of Formula II:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R c , R d , G, m, n and r are as defined herein.
  • r is 1 (having the structure of Formula IIa):
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R c , R d , G, m and n are as defined herein.
  • n 0.
  • R e is hydrogen
  • R d is hydrogen
  • R e and R d are both hydrogen.
  • R c is methyl
  • R d is methyl
  • R c and R d are both methyl.
  • R 8 is H.
  • R 8 is methyl
  • n 0 and r is 1 (having the structure of Formula IIa1):
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R c , R d , G and m are as defined herein.
  • r is 2 (having the structure of Formula IIb):
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R c , R d , G, m and n are as defined herein.
  • n 0 and r is 2 (having the structure of Formula IIb1):
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R c , R d , G and m are as defined herein.
  • Formula I has the structure of Formula III:
  • R 2a is H or methyl
  • R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , G, m and p are as defined herein.
  • Formula I has the structure of Formula IV:
  • R 1a is halogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen (for example CF 3 ), and R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , G, m and p are as defined herein.
  • n 0 and G is G 1 , such that the compounds of Formula I have the structure of Formula V:
  • G 1 is absent or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and p are as defined herein.
  • G 1 is absent.
  • G 1 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • G 1 is isopropyl.
  • R 5 is hydrogen
  • R 6 and R 7 together with the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclic ring having one ring nitrogen atom
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) and G is G 1 , such that the compounds of Formula I have the structure of Formula VI:
  • G 1 is absent or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R c , R d and r are as defined herein.
  • G 1 is absent.
  • G 1 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • G 1 is isopropyl.
  • r is 1.
  • r is 2.
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl).
  • R c is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • R d is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • R 5 is hydrogen
  • R 6 and R 7 together with the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 5 membered heterocyclic ring having one ring nitrogen atom
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) and G is G 1 , such that the compounds of Formula I have the structure of Formula VIa:
  • G 1 is absent or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R c , and R d are as defined herein.
  • R 5 is hydrogen
  • R 6 and R 7 together with the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 6 membered heterocyclic ring having one ring nitrogen atom
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or O(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) and G is G 1 , such that the compounds of Formula I have the structure of Formula VIb:
  • G 1 is absent or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 8 , R c , and R d are as defined herein.
  • stereochemistry of any particular chiral atom is not specified, then all stereoisomers are contemplated and included as the compounds of the invention. Where stereochemistry is specified by a solid wedge or dashed line representing a particular configuration, then that stereoisomer is so specified and defined.
  • the compounds of the present invention may exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like, and it is intended that the invention embrace both solvated and unsolvated forms.
  • Compounds of the present invention may be synthesized by synthetic routes that include processes analogous to those well-known in the chemical arts, particularly in light of the description contained herein.
  • the starting materials are generally available from commercial sources such as Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo.), Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, Mass.), or TCI (Portland, Oreg.), or are readily prepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art (e.g., prepared by methods generally described in Louis F. Fieser and Mary Fieser, Reagents for Organic Synthesis , v. 1-19, Wiley, N.Y. (1967-1999 ed.), or Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie, 4, Aufl. ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, including supplements (also available via the Beilstein online database)).
  • Schemes 1-6 and Schemes A-H shows a general method for preparing the compounds of the present invention as well as key intermediates.
  • Examples section below For a more detailed description of the individual reaction steps, see the Examples section below.
  • Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other synthetic routes may be used to synthesize the inventive compounds.
  • specific starting materials and reagents are depicted in the Schemes and discussed below, other starting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to provide a variety of derivatives and/or reaction conditions.
  • many of the compounds prepared by the methods described below can be further modified in light of this disclosure using conventional chemistry well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Scheme 1 shows a method of preparing compound 7 of Formula I, wherein R 11 is hydrogen, halogen, CN, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, aryl optionally substituted with one or two R b groups, heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two R b groups, —OR % or —C( ⁇ O)OR j , R r is aryl optionally substituted with one or two R b groups, heteroaryl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, a 5-7 membered heterocycle or C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, IV is H, NH 2 or C 1 -C 6 alkyl; R 12 is W—Y or —NHC( ⁇ O)R u (both defined in Scheme 3) and R 3 and R b are as defined herein.
  • Functionalization of compound 1 to install R 11 can be carried out via lithiation under standard conditions (e.g., s-BuLi in an appropriate solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, “THF”) and trapping with a suitable electrophile (CBr 4 , (1R)-( ⁇ )-(10-camphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine, methylchloroformate, etc., as detailed in Scheme 2) to give compound 2.
  • a suitable electrophile CBr 4 , (1R)-( ⁇ )-(10-camphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine, methylchloroformate, etc., as detailed in Scheme 2
  • Removal of the protecting group under standard conditions for example, tetra-N-butylammonium fluoride, (“TBAF”) to remove a silyl group
  • Installation of the R 12 group can be carried out on compound 3 as described in Scheme 3 to give 4.
  • Compound 5 is obtained by reacting compound 4 with an appropriately substituted piperazine under standard S N Ar reaction conditions. Further elaboration of 5 can be carried out as necessary as shown in Scheme 4. Compound 5 is then deprotected to yield compound 6. Acylation of 6 with an appropriate acid in the presence of a coupling reagent (such as 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, “HBTU”), followed by elaboration of R 1 (as detailed in Scheme 5) and deprotection (if necessary), gives compound 7 of Formula I, wherein R 17 and R 18 are independently selected from hydrogen; C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, oxo, OH, OCH 3 , CF 3 , NH 2 , NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, a
  • R 1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, —C( ⁇ O)OR a , —OR e , C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl, phenyl or —O-phenyl, wherein the heteroaryl, phenyl or —O-phenyl may be optionally substituted with one or two R b groups;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, CH 3 , or —NHC( ⁇ O)R f , provided that when R 1 is hydrogen,
  • R 2 is —NHC( ⁇ O)R f ;
  • R 3 is selected from H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl
  • R a is C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • each R b group is independently selected from halogen, CN, OCH 3 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, oxo, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl or NR g R h ;
  • R e is C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle
  • R f is C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from oxo, halogen, CN, CF 3 or C 1 -C 3 alkyl or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halogen, CN, CF 3 or C 1 -C 3 alkyl; and
  • R g and R h are independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • G is cyclohexyl or phenyl optionally substituted by 1-3 independent R 4 groups, or
  • G when m is 0, G may additionally be absent or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
  • each R 4 is independently selected from halogen, CF 3 , OCF 3 and CN;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen or CH 3 ;
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl
  • n and p are independently 0 or 1; in the presence of a coupling reagent;
  • Scheme 2 shows a method of preparing compounds 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e, wherein R s is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, R q is alkyl, aryl or a 5-7 membered heteroaryl, R r is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, 5-7 membered heterocycle, etc., Q is a halogen and X and PG are as described in Scheme 1. As described in Scheme 1, lithiation of compound 1 and reaction with the appropriate electrophile gives compounds 2a, 2c or 2e.
  • Scheme 3 shows a method for installation of the R 12 group to provide compounds 4a-e.
  • Halogenation of compound 3 of Scheme 1 under standard conditions gives compound 4a, wherein Z is a halogen and R 11 and X are as defined in Scheme 1.
  • Compound 4a can be converted to compound 4b, wherein R t is W—Y, and W is O, CH 2 , NH or a direct bond to Y and Y is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkenyl (wherein when Y is alkenyl, W is a direct bond to Y), C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, aryl, a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl may be further optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from halogen, OH, CF 3 , CN or oxo (only on the heterocycle), and the alkyl, alkeny
  • R u is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 3 -C 8 carbocycle, 5-7 membered heterocycle, etc, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle or heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from halogen, OH, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, CF 3 , CN or oxo (only on the alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or heterocycle).
  • compound 3 may be converted to a 3-formyl-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine as described in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 12(21), 5505-5513 (2004), wherein the formyl substitution can be further elaborated to R t by a variety of substitution reactions, such as, Wittig, Horner-Emmons or Emmons-Wadsworth.
  • substitution reactions such as, Wittig, Horner-Emmons or Emmons-Wadsworth.
  • compound 4d appropriately protected on pyrrole nitrogen, could be converted to 4b where R t is NHY by reductive amination, alkylation or transition metal mediated coupling. Choice of reaction condition will depend on the nature of Y.
  • Scheme 4 shows a method for elaboration of compound 5 of Scheme 1.
  • compound 5e wherein R w is CH 3
  • compound 5f wherein R x is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl, using the procedures detailed in the Examples section.
  • Scheme 5 shows a method for elaboration of compound 7 of Formula I.
  • Hydrolysis of compound 7e wherein R y is alkyl and R 12 , R 3 and R are as defined in Scheme 1, under basic conditions gives acid 7g.
  • Coupling of acid 7g provides amide 7h.
  • Dehydration of the amide 7h, wherein R 12 is hydrogen gives the nitrile 71.
  • compound 7a wherein Y is halogen
  • R z is aryl or heteroaryl, using similar conditions for the conversion of 2a to 2b in Scheme 2.
  • Scheme 6 shows a method of preparing compound 17.
  • Condensation of an appropriately substituted phenyl acetic acid 8, wherein G and m are as defined herein, with a chiral auxiliary (e.g. an Evans' oxazolidinone 9) can be performed using an acid chloride, such as pivaloyl chloride, as activating agent in the presence of a tertiary amine base, such as Hunig's base.
  • DIBAL-H diisobutylaluminium hydride
  • a fully elaborated analog can be synthesized by coupling an acid 14 to the piperazine intermediate 15, wherein R 11 , R 12 and R 3 are as defined herein, using peptide bond forming conditions (e.g. HBTU and, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (“DIEA”) at 0° C. to 50° C.).
  • peptide bond forming conditions e.g. HBTU and, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (“DIEA”) at 0° C. to 50° C.
  • DIEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine
  • amino acids used in the synthesis of compounds of the present invention as illustrated in Schemes 1-6 and in the Examples are either commercially available or may be prepared according to the methods disclosed herein.
  • the amino acids used to prepare compounds of Formula I include ⁇ -phenylglycine amino acids having the Formula 1A, ⁇ -phenylglycine amino acids having the Formula 2A, ⁇ -phenylalanine amino acids having the Formula 3A, and ⁇ -phenylalanine amino acids having the Formula 4A.
  • R 17 , R 18 , G, R 5 and R 6 are as defined above.
  • Scheme A illustrates a method of preparing optionally substituted ⁇ -phenylglycine amino acids 25 and 26 of the Formula 1A, wherein t is 0 to 3, PG is an amine protecting group, R 17 , R 18 and R 4 are as defined above.
  • the acid 20 is converted to an ester 21, wherein R′ is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, using standard conditions such as treatment with an appropriate alcohol (e.g., MeOH) in the presence of a catalytic amount of an acid such as concentrated H 2 SO 4 or a coupling agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (“DCC”)/4-dimethylaminopyridine (“DMAP”); or alternatively by treatment with an appropriate electrophile (e.g., MeI, EtBr, BnBr) in the presence of a base such as NEt 3 /DMAP at an appropriate temperature (e.g., ⁇ 20° C. to 100° C.).
  • an appropriate alcohol e.g., MeOH
  • DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • DMAP dimethylaminopyridine
  • ester is determined by the conditions required to reform the acid at the end of the synthesis, with many appropriate examples and conditions being listed in ‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’ by Greene and Wuts, Wiley-Interscience, third edition, Chapter 5.
  • Introduction of the hydroxymethyl group to provide compound 22 may be performed by treatment with an appropriate aldehyde (e.g., formaldehyde) in the presence of base such as NaOEt at an appropriate temperature (e.g., ⁇ 20° C. to room temperature).
  • an appropriate aldehyde e.g., formaldehyde
  • base such as NaOEt
  • Activation of the alcohol group of compound 22 to form a leaving group may be accomplished by treatment with, for example, methanesulphonyl chloride in the presence of excess base such as NEt 3 , DIEA, or 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene (“DBU”) at an appropriate temperature (e.g., ⁇ 20° C. to room temperature).
  • excess base such as NEt 3 , DIEA, or 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene (“DBU”)
  • DBU 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene
  • the olefin 23 can be isolated directly from this procedure, in other cases warming (30° C. to 100° C.) or additional base (e.g., DBU in the case of halide) may be required to complete the elimination to provide compound 23.
  • the activated olefin 23 may be treated with the desired primary amine (e.g., ethylamine) in a suitable solvent, such as THF, at an appropriate temperature (e.g., ⁇ 20° C. to reflux) to generate the amino ester intermediate.
  • a suitable solvent such as THF
  • heating e.g., 30-240° C. in a sealed tube
  • microwave chemistry may be required. Protection of the amine group (for example a t-butoxycarbonyl (“Boc”) group) may be accomplished using di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (“Boc 2 O”) under standard conditions to provide compound 24, wherein Pg is a protecting group.
  • the activated olefin 23 may be treated with a secondary amine (e.g., diethylamine) in a suitable solvent such as THF at an appropriate temperature (e.g., ⁇ 20° C. to reflux) to generate the aminoester intermediate (not shown).
  • a secondary amine e.g., diethylamine
  • THF a suitable solvent
  • an appropriate temperature e.g., ⁇ 20° C. to reflux
  • heating e.g., 30-240° C. in a sealed tube
  • microwave chemistry may be required.
  • Saponification of the ester to form the amino acid 26 may be accomplished using conditions appropriate for the ester (e.g., aqueous LiOH for methyl esters, hydrogenation for benzyl esters, acid for t-butyl esters, etc.).
  • Scheme B shows a method of preparing optionally substituted y-phenylglycine amino acids 30 of Formula 2A, wherein R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are as defined herein, and t is 0 to 4.
  • the starting unsaturated ester 23 (may be prepared according to Scheme A) can be treated with a substituted nitromethane derivative (e.g., nitroethane) in the presence of a base, such as DBU, at an appropriate temperature (e.g., 0° C. to room temperature) to give the homologated adduct 27.
  • a base such as DBU
  • the nitro group of compound 27 can be reduced using standard conditions (e.g., hydrogenation, Zn/acid, etc.) at an appropriate temperature (e.g., room temperature to reflux), and the resulting intermediate can be cyclized to give the lactam intermediate 28. Protection of the amine, for example with a Boc-group to provide compound 29, may be accomplished using Boc 2 O under standard conditions. Alternative protecting groups may be used, and many appropriate examples are listed in ‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’ by Greene and Wuts, Wiley-Interscience, third edition, Chapter 7. Treatment of compound 29 with an aqueous base such as LiOH or KOH at an appropriate temperature (e.g., 0° C. to 100° C.) effects ring opening of the lactam to give the appropriately substituted protected amino acid compound 30.
  • an aqueous base such as LiOH or KOH
  • Boc may be replaced with R 17 in compounds 29 and 30.
  • Scheme C shows representative methods of forming the single enantiomers of the gamma amino acids 34 and 35, wherein t is 0 to 3, PG is an amine protecting group such as Boc, R* is a chiral auxiliary (such as Evans' oxazolidinone) and R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are as defined herein.
  • the racemic amino acid is subject to chiral chromatographic separation using a chiral stationary phase.
  • a diastereomeric mixture may be prepared which could be separated by conventional chromatographic or crystallization techniques.
  • a chiral auxiliary e.g., an Evans' oxazolidinone
  • a basic amine e.g., Hunig's base
  • This mixture may be separated using standard conditions (e.g., column chromatography, HPLC, SFC, etc.) to give the individual diastereomers.
  • These may be converted to the desired acids by cleavage of the chiral auxiliary (in the case of an Evans' auxiliary, by using (for example) LiOH/HOOH at ⁇ 15° C. to room temperature) to give the compounds 34 and 35.
  • the temperature may need to be kept low so as to prevent racemization of the newly separated chiral center.
  • Scheme D shows a method of preparing optionally substituted ⁇ -phenylalanine amino acids 39, 40 and 41 of Formula 3A, wherein t is 0 to 3, PG is an amine protecting group, R 17 and R 18 are defined above, and R 4 is as defined herein.
  • An appropriately substituted aldehyde 36 can be treated with a cyanoacetate of the formula CN—CH 2 CO 2 R′′′, wherein R′′′ is C 1 -C 6 alkyl (e.g., ethyl 2-cyanoacetate), in the presence of a suitable base, such as piperidine, at an appropriate temperature (e.g., room temperature to reflux) to give the unsaturated ester 37.
  • a suitable base such as piperidine
  • Reduction of the olefin and the nitrile groups of compound 37 to provide compound 38 may be accomplished in a number of ways.
  • the olefin may be reduced with any agent known to effect 1,4-reductions, such as NaBH 4 .
  • the nitrile may be reduced using agents such as LiAlH 4 or NaBH 4 in the presence of a Lewis acid such as BF 3 OEt 2 or trifluoroacetic acid (“TFA”).
  • a number of alternative reducing agents may be used, such as those listed in ‘Reductions in Organic Chemistry’ by Hudlicky, ACS monograph, 21 nd edition, Chapter 18.
  • the primary amine 38 can be monoalkylated or bisalkylated at this stage using standard conditions (e.g., reductive amination using an appropriate aldehyde, Lewis acid and reducing agent) to provide intermediates (not shown) en route to compounds 39 and 40.
  • standard conditions e.g., reductive amination using an appropriate aldehyde, Lewis acid and reducing agent
  • protection may be accomplished using any number of protecting groups (e.g., ‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’ by Greene and Wuts, Wiley-Interscience, third edition, Chapter 7), for example as a Boc-group using Boc anhydride at 0° C. to room temperature.
  • Cleavage of the ester group to form the amino acid 39, 40 or 41 may be accomplished using an aqueous bases such as LiOH or KOH, or any of the alternative reagents listed in the aforementioned ‘Protecting Groups’ text (e.g., hydrogenation for a benzyl ester).
  • an aqueous bases such as LiOH or KOH, or any of the alternative reagents listed in the aforementioned ‘Protecting Groups’ text (e.g., hydrogenation for a benzyl ester).
  • Scheme E shows a method of preparing optionally substituted ⁇ -phenylalanine amino acids 45 of Formula 4A, wherein t is 0 to 3, PG is an amine protecting group and R 4 is as defined herein.
  • An appropriately substituted acid 42 may be reduced to the benzyl alcohol 43 using, for example, LiAlH 4 at a temperature ranging from room temperature to reflux.
  • the alcohol group of compound 43 can be activated as a leaving group (e.g., halide, mesylate, etc.) using, for example, PBr 3 , MsCl/NEt 3 , etc.
  • Either enantiomer of the ⁇ -amino acids may be prepared using a procedure such as that shown in Scheme F.
  • a 2-phenylacetate 46, wherein t is 0 to 3 and R 4 is as defined herein, having an appropriate chiral auxillary (R*) (for example, an Evans' auxiliary or a Sultam) with the appropriate stereochemistry to generate the desired chemistry at the (3-position of the amino acid may be treated with an imine or iminium ion synthon (e.g., prepared in situ by the presence of a Lewis acid (e.g., TiCl 4 ) and an appropriately substituted alkoxymethanamine or N-(alkoxymethyl)amide/carbamate at ⁇ 100° C.
  • a Lewis acid e.g., TiCl 4
  • an appropriately substituted alkoxymethanamine or N-(alkoxymethyl)amide/carbamate at ⁇ 100° C.
  • R 17 is an amine protecting group or as defined above.
  • the asymmetric addition may require the presence of Lewis acids (e.g., TiCl 4 ), amine bases (e.g., Hunig's base) and lower temperatures (e.g., ⁇ 100° C. to 0° C.) to generate the best levels of stereochemical induction. If the diastereoselectivity is lower than required, the separate diastereomers may be separated at this stage by, for example, chromatography or crystallization. Cleavage of the chiral auxillary, using methods known to cleave the chosen auxillary (e.g., LiOH/H 2 O 2 at ⁇ 50° C. to 50° C.
  • the chosen auxillary e.g., LiOH/H 2 O 2 at ⁇ 50° C. to 50° C.
  • R 17 is also a protecting group (e.g., 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl), it may be removed in the presence of the Boc-group (e.g., hydrogenation or DDQ, etc.) to give the Boc-amino acid 71, which upon removal of the Boc-group would provide the primary amine (not shown), which may be further functionalized by alkylation, acylation or reductive amination (either prior to or after coupling with the pyrimidine-piperazine unit).
  • the Boc group of compound 48 may be elaborated to R 18 , which is defined above.
  • Scheme G shows a method of preparing optionally substituted amino acids 55 used in preparing compounds of Formula VI, wherein R k is methyl or ethyl, R 19 and R 20 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from halogen, OH, CF 3 , CN or oxo, PG is an amine protecting group, and R 8 , G 1 and r are as defined above.
  • An appropriately substituted lactam 50 may be reduced to an aminal using, for example, LiBEt 3 H. The aminal can then be treated with sodium hydride and a reagent such as (EtO) 2 P(O)CH 2 CO 2 Et to provide the unsaturated ester 51.
  • Scheme H shows a method of preparing optionally substituted amino acids 59 used in the preparation of compounds of Formula V, wherein PG1 is the same as PG as defined above, and R 17 , R 18 and G 1 are as defined above.
  • R 17 can be installed by reductive amination, alkylation or transition metal catalyzed coupling of a commercially available amino acid methyl ester or prepared from corresponding amino acids to give compound 57.
  • R 18 can be installed in a similar manner, and followed by hydrolysis to give the optional substituted amino acid 59.
  • Suitable amino-protecting groups include acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, Boc, benzyloxycarbonyl (CBz) and 9-fluorenylmethyleneoxycarbonyl (Fmoc).
  • Boc benzyloxycarbonyl
  • Fmoc 9-fluorenylmethyleneoxycarbonyl
  • reaction products from one another and/or from starting materials.
  • the desired products of each step or series of steps is separated and/or purified (hereinafter separated) to the desired degree of homogeneity by the techniques common in the art.
  • separations involve multiphase extraction, crystallization from a solvent or solvent mixture, distillation, sublimation, or chromatography.
  • Chromatography can involve any number of methods including, for example: reverse-phase and normal phase; size exclusion; ion exchange; high, medium and low pressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus; small scale analytical; simulated moving bed (SMB) and preparative thin or thick layer chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography.
  • SMB simulated moving bed
  • Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.
  • Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride), separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereoisomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers.
  • an appropriate optically active compound e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride
  • Enantiomers can also be separated by use of a chiral HPLC column.
  • a single stereoisomer, e.g., an enantiomer, substantially free of its stereoisomer may be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixture using a method such as formation of diastereomers using optically active resolving agents (Eliel, E. and Wilen, S. “Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994; Lochmuller, C. H., (1975) J. Chromatogr., 113(3):283-302).
  • Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds of the invention can be separated and isolated by any suitable method, including: (1) formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2) formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing reagents, separation of the diastereomers, and conversion to the pure stereoisomers, and (3) separation of the substantially pure or enriched stereoisomers directly under chiral conditions. See: “Drug Stereochemistry, Analytical Methods and Pharmacology,” Irving W. Wainer, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (1993).
  • diastereomeric salts can be formed by reaction of enantiomerically pure chiral bases such as brucine, quinine, ephedrine, strychnine, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -phenylethylamine(amphetamine), and the like with asymmetric compounds bearing acidic functionality, such as carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid.
  • the diastereomeric salts may be induced to separate by fractional crystallization or ionic chromatography.
  • addition of chiral carboxylic or sulfonic acids such as camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, or lactic acid can result in formation of the diastereomeric salts.
  • the substrate to be resolved is reacted with one enantiomer of a chiral compound to form a diastereomeric pair
  • a diastereomeric pair E. and Wilen, S. “Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994, p. 322.
  • Diastereomeric compounds can be formed by reacting asymmetric compounds with enantiomerically pure chiral derivatizing reagents, such as menthyl derivatives, followed by separation of the diastereomers and hydrolysis to yield the pure or enriched enantiomer.
  • a method of determining optical purity involves making chiral esters, such as a menthyl ester, e.g., ( ⁇ ) menthyl chloroformate in the presence of base, or Mosher ester, ⁇ -methoxy- ⁇ -(trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetate (Jacob III. J. Org. Chem ., (1982) 47:4165), of the racemic mixture, and analyzing the 1 H NMR spectrum for the presence of the two atropisomeric enantiomers or diastereomers.
  • Stable diastereomers of atropisomeric compounds can be separated and isolated by normal- and reverse-phase chromatography following methods for separation of atropisomeric naphthyl-isoquinolines (WO 96/15111).
  • a racemic mixture of two enantiomers can be separated by chromatography using a chiral stationary phase (W. J. Lough, Ed., Chapman and Hall, New York, “Chiral Liquid Chromatography” (1989); Okamoto, J. of Chromatogr., 513:375-378 (1990)).
  • Enriched or purified enantiomers can be distinguished by methods used to distinguish other chiral molecules with asymmetric carbon atoms, such as optical rotation and circular dichroism.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered by any convenient route appropriate to the condition to be treated. Suitable routes include oral, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural), transdermal, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal, intraperitoneal, intrapulmonary and intranasal.
  • the compounds may be administered in any convenient administrative form, e.g., tablets, powders, capsules, solutions, dispersions, suspensions, syrups, sprays, suppositories, gels, emulsions, patches, etc.
  • Such compositions may contain components conventional in pharmaceutical preparations, e.g., diluents, carriers, pH modifiers, sweeteners, bulking agents, and further active agents. If parenteral administration is desired, the compositions will be sterile and in a solution or suspension form suitable for injection or infusion.
  • a typical formulation is prepared by mixing a compound of the present invention and a carrier or excipient.
  • Suitable carriers and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in detail in, e.g., Howard C. Ansel et al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, (8 th Ed. 2004); Alfonso R. Gennaro et al., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, (20 th Ed. 2000); and Raymond C. Rowe, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, (5 th Ed. 2005).
  • the formulations may also include one or more buffers, stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents, diluents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present invention or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament).
  • buffers stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents, diluents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present invention or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing
  • One embodiment of the present invention includes a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • the invention includes methods of treating or preventing disease or condition by administering one or more compounds of this invention, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a human patient is treated with a compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle in an amount to detectably inhibit CHK1 activity.
  • a method of preventing or treating a disease or disorder modulated by CHK1 and/or CHK2, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of the present invention is provided.
  • a method of treating a hyperproliferative disease in a mammal comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal is provided.
  • a method of treating or preventing cancer including the below identified conditions, in a mammal in need of such treatment, wherein the method comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • sarcoma angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma
  • myxoma rhabdomyoma
  • fibroma fibroma
  • lipoma teratoma
  • Lung bronchogenic carcinoma (squamous cell, undifferentiated small cell, undifferentiated large cell, adenocarcinoma), alveolar (bronchiolar) carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, chondromatous hamartoma, mesothelioma
  • Gastrointestinal esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosar
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides the use of a compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.
  • a method of treating or preventing a disease or disorder modulated by CHK1 and/or CHK2 comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a method of preventing or treating cancer comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of the present invention, alone or in combination with one or more additional compounds having anti-cancer properties.
  • CHK1 inhibitors are expected to potentiate the activity of a wide range of anti-cancer agents, when such agent(s) trigger the CHK1 dependent cell cycle checkpoint.
  • the invention relates to a composition for the treatment of a hyperproliferative disease in a mammal, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with an anti-tumor agent selected from mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, antisense DNA or RNA, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, signal transduction inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, retinoid receptor modulators, proteasome inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, anti-hormones, angiogenesis inhibitors, anti-androgens, targeted antibodies, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, and prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors.
  • an anti-tumor agent selected from mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, antisense DNA or RNA, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, signal transduction inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors
  • the invention also relates to a method for the treatment of a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal that comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with an anti-tumor agent selected from mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, antisense DNA or RNA, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, signal transduction inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, retinoid receptor modulators, proteasome inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, anti-hormones, angiogenesis inhibitors, anti-androgens, targeted antibodies, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, and prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors.
  • an anti-tumor agent selected from mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, antisense DNA or RNA, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, signal transduction
  • Another embodiment provides the compounds of the present invention for use in therapy.
  • Another embodiment provides the compounds of the present invention for use in the treatment of a hyperproliferative disease.
  • the hyperproliferative disease is cancer, including the above identified conditions.
  • This invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting abnormal cell growth in a mammal which comprises an amount of a compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with an amount of a chemotherapeutic, wherein the amounts of the compound, stereoisomer or salt and of the chemotherapeutic are together effective in inhibiting abnormal cell growth.
  • chemotherapeutics are known in the art.
  • the chemotherapeutic is selected from mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, antisense DNA or RNA, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, signal transduction inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, retinoid receptor modulators, proteasome inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, anti-hormones, angiogenesis inhibitors, anti-androgens, targeted antibodies, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, and/or prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors.
  • This invention relates to a method for inhibiting abnormal cell growth in a mammal or treating a hyperproliferative disorder in which the method comprises administering to the mammal an amount of a compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with radiation therapy, wherein the amounts of the compound or salt, in combination with the radiation therapy is effective in inhibiting abnormal cell growth or treating the hyperproliferative disorder in the mammal.
  • Techniques for administering radiation therapy are known in the art, and these techniques can be used in the combination therapy described herein.
  • the administration of the compound of the invention in this combination therapy can be determined as described herein.
  • this invention further relates to a method for sensitizing abnormal cells in a mammal to treatment with radiation, which comprises administering to the mammal an amount of a compound of the present invention or a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which amount is effective in sensitizing abnormal cells to radiation treatment.
  • the amount of the compound, stereoisomer or salt to be used in this method can be determined according to means for ascertaining effective amounts of such compounds as described herein or by methods know to those skilled in the art.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides the use of a compound of the present invention, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases.
  • the hyperproliferative disease may be cancer, including the above identified conditions.
  • a compound of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament, for use as a CHK1 and/or CHK2 inhibitor in the treatment of a patient undergoing cancer therapy, including the above identified conditions, is provided.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides the use of a compound of the present invention in the treatment of a hyperproliferative disease.
  • the hyperproliferative disease is cancer, including the above identified conditions.
  • Another embodiment provides the use of a compound of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament, for use as a CHK1 and/or CHK2 inhibitor in the treatment of a patient undergoing cancer therapy.
  • composition comprising a compound of the present invention for use in the treatment of a hyperproliferative disease is provided.
  • composition comprising a compound of the present invention for use in the treatment of cancer is provided.
  • the compounds of this invention and stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may be employed alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents for treatment.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be used in combination with one or more additional drugs, including compounds that work by a different mechanism of action.
  • the second compound of the pharmaceutical combination formulation or dosing regimen preferably has complementary activities to the compound of this invention such that they do not adversely affect each other.
  • Such molecules are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended.
  • the compounds may be administered together in a unitary pharmaceutical composition or separately and, when administered separately this may occur simultaneously or sequentially in any order. Such sequential administration may be close in time or remote in time.
  • reaction flasks were typically fitted with rubber septa for the introduction of substrates and reagents via syringe. Glassware was oven dried and/or heat dried.
  • DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
  • Compounds were tested in an enzymatic assay using human CHK1 kinase domain, amino acids 1 to 273, with 10 additional histidine residues on the carboxy terminus, purified from bacculovirus.
  • the substrate was the flourescent Omnia peptide S/T11 from Invitrogen.
  • the assay contained 25 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM DTT, 0.01% Triton-X100, 0.5 nM CHK1 enzyme, 2 ⁇ M S/T 11 peptide substrate, 60M ATP, test compound, 1% DMSO, in a 25 ⁇ L reaction volume.
  • the assay was run at room temperature in white 384 well polypropylene plates (available from Nunc, Inc of Naperville, Ill.) collecting data every 50 seconds for 45 minutes in an Envision plate reader (PerkinElmer, Inc. of Waltham, Mass.), excitation 340 nM, emission 495 nM. The collected data from each well was fit to a straight line and the resulting rates were used to calculate a percent of control. IC 50 values for each test compound were determined from the percent of control vs. compound concentration plots using a four parameter fit.
  • DIBAL-H (73.65 mL, 110.5 mmol, 1.5M in toluene) was added portionwise to a solution of tert-butyl 2,2-dimethyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (23.10 g, 108.3 mmol) in dry Et 2 O (200 mL) cooled to ⁇ 78° C.
  • the reaction was stirred for 1 hour at ⁇ 78° C. and then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight.
  • the reaction was quenched with NH 4 OH (50 mL) and stirred for 20 minutes.
  • the reaction was then diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), 0.5M Rochelle's Salt (100 mL) was added, and the layers were separated.
  • the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 2 hours and allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was then cooled to 0° C. and treated with 1M Na 2 SO 3 (10 mL) and stirred for 10 minutes. The reaction was then warmed to room temperature and stirred for 10 minutes. The reaction was next concentrated and extracted with EtOAc (2 ⁇ 20 mL). The aqueous layer was then acidified with 1N HCl to a pH of about 1 to about 2 and extracted with DCM (2 ⁇ 20 mL).
  • reaction Upon completion of the addition, the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was then recooled to 0° C., and 1M Na 2 SO 3 (4 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred for 10 minutes at 0° C. and then warmed to room temperature and stirred for an additional 10 minutes. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuo to remove THF, and the resulting mixture was washed with EtOAc.
  • tert-Butyl 2-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (12.33 g, 66.57 mmol) was dissolved in Et 2 O (60 mL) and cooled to ⁇ 78° C. The suspension was treated dropwise with DIBAL-H (45.27 mL, 67.90 mmol; 1.5M in toluene), and the mixture was stirred at ⁇ 78° C. for 2 hours. The mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature with a bath and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched by addition of a solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (0.075 g) in MeOH (75 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours.
  • the mixture was quenched with saturated NH 4 Cl (about 100 mL) and diluted with water to dissolve the solids. After separation, the aqueous layer was washed with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ ). The combined organics were washed with water (2 ⁇ ), dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo. The recovered oil was subjected to chromatography on SiO 2 eluting with 8:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate.
  • Lithium hydroxide hydrate (0.0471 g, 1.12 mmol) was added to a solution of THF/water (3:1, 19 mL) and stirred until dissolved. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and treated with 30% hydrogen peroxide (0.231 mL, 2.24 mmol) and stirred for 10 minutes.
  • a solution of (S)-tert-butyl 2-((S)-2-((R)-4-benzyl-2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.280 g, 0.561 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added.
  • the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C. Thin layer chromatography (“TLC”) did not show much progress, therefore the reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched by addition of 1.5 M Na 2 SO 3 (1 mL) and stirred for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with Et 2 O and separated. The aqueous portion was washed (2 ⁇ ) with Et 2 O then adjusted to a pH of 1 with 3N HCl. The aqueous portion was extracted (3 ⁇ ) with ethyl acetate.
  • TLC Thin layer chromatography
  • 5,5-Dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one (0.108 g, 0.953 mmol, may be prepared as described in Ganem, B. and Osby, J O; Tet Lett 26:6413 (1985)) was dissolved in THF (3 mL) and cooled to ⁇ 20° C. The solution was treated with LHMDS (1.05 mL, 1.05 mmol) and stirred at ⁇ 20° C. for 30 minutes. di-tert-Butyl dicarbonate (0.250 g, 1.14 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for two hours, and then quenched with saturated NH 4 Cl, diluted with ethyl acetate and separated.
  • tert-Butyl 2,2-dimethyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.17 g, 5.49 mmol) was dissolved in Et 2 O (15 mL) and cooled to ⁇ 78° C. The solution was treated with DIBAL-H (3.73 mL, 5.60 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ⁇ 78° C. for 2 hours and then warmed to ambient temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by addition of an aliquot (7 mL) of a solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (0.012 g) in MeOH (12 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 60 hours.
  • Methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetate (36.7 g, 199 mmol) and paraformaldehyde (6.27 g, 209 mmol) were dissolved/suspended in DMSO (400 mL) and treated with NaOMe (537 mg, 9.94 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 hours to completion by TLC analysis of the crude. The reaction was poured into ice-cold water (700 mL; emulsion) and neutralized with the addition of 1M HCl solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ⁇ ), and the organics were combined.
  • Methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoate (39.4 g, 184 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (500 mL) and treated with TEA (64.0 mL, 459 mmol). The solution was cooled to 0° C. and slowly treated with MsCl (15.6 mL, 202 mmol), then allowed to stir for 30 minutes to completion by TLC analysis. The solution was partitioned with 1N HCl solution, and the aqueous layer was extracted once with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed once more with 1N HCl solution, separated, washed with diluted NaHCO 3 solution, and separated.
  • This methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylate (500 mg, 2.54 mmol) was added as a solution in THF (1.35 mL) to a stirring solution of i-PrNH 2 (217 ⁇ L, 2.54 mmol) in THF (5.0 mL) at 0° C. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight to completion by LCMS analysis. The Boc 2 O (584 ⁇ L, 2.54 mmol) was added to the stirring amine via pipet. The reaction was allowed to stir overnight to completion by LCMS and TLC analysis of the mixture.
  • the solution was treated with n-BuLi (102 mL of a 2.50M solution in hexanes, 254 mmol) and allowed to stir for one hour.
  • the prepared anhydride solution was added to the stirring Li-oxazolidinone via cannula, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight.
  • the mixture was quenched with the addition of saturated ammonium chloride solution, and then partitioned between more water and ethyl acetate.
  • the aqueous layer was extracted several times, and the organics were combined. The organic layer was washed with water, then brine, separated, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
  • LiOH—H 2 O (168 mg, 4.00 mmol) was added to a stirring solution of THF (30 mL) and water (15 mL) at room temperature until it was dissolved.
  • the mixture was treated with hydrogen peroxide (658 ⁇ L of a 35% wt. solution in water, 8.00 mmol) and allowed to stir at room temperature for 10 minutes. The reaction was cooled to 0° C.
  • the mixture was concentrated to remove the THF, and then diluted with water.
  • the aqueous layer was washed twice with ethyl acetate (discarded).
  • the aqueous layer was partitioned with ethyl acetate, and then 1M HCl was added dropwise while stirring until a pH of about 2 to about 3 was attained.
  • the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate, and the organics were combined. The organic was washed with brine, separated, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
  • tert-Butyl 4-(5-bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyri din-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (0.40 g, 1.05 mmol) was placed in DCM (3 mL) at room temperature. TFA (0.3 mL) was then added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and concentrated to dryness. The resulting residue was dissolved in minimal DCM and added to a stirring solution of 1M HCl in ether.
  • HOBT 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole
  • EDCI 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
  • triethylamine 0.39 mL, 2.82 mmol
  • Methyl 4-chloro-1-(triisopropylsilyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate (0.45 g, 1.23 mmol) and piperazine (0.845 g, 9.81 mmol) were placed in NMP (5 mL) and heated to 100° C. in a microwave for 30 minutes. The reaction was then diluted with DCM (5 mL). Triethylamine (0.259 mL, 1.84 mmol) and Boc 2 O (4.01 g, 18.4 mmol) were added, and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The crude reaction was washed with saturated NaHCO 3 and extracted with DCM.
  • Methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoate (16.2 g, 75.5 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (200 mL). Triethylamine (26.3 mL, 188.7 mmol) was then added, and the solution was cooled to 0° C. The solution was then treated with methanesulfonyl chloride (5.84 mL, 75.5 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The cold solution was acidified to a pH of 1, and extracted with methylene chloride. The combined organic layers were washed with 1N HCl, water, 6% NaHCO 3 , dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated.
  • 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (33.7 mL, 225.2 mmol) was added to a solution of methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylate (36.9 g, 187.7 mmol) and 2-nitropropane (20.2 mL, 225.2 mmol) in CH 3 CN (500 mL) at 0° C. under nitrogen. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and subjected to column chromatography (20% EtOAc/hexanes) to give methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-4-nitropentanoate (52.9 g, 98.7% yield) as an oil.
  • Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (36 mL, 36 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one (6.7 g, 30 mmol) in THF (200 mL) at ⁇ 78° C. under nitrogen. The solution was stirred at ⁇ 78° C. for 30 minutes. Then a solution of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (7.6 mL, 33 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added in a single portion. The solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The reaction was poured into 0.5M HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ⁇ ).
  • Lithium hydroxide hydrate (6.44 mL, 232 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (7.5 g, 23.2 mmol) in THF/MeOH/H 2 O (30 mL/30 mL/30 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and concentrated in vacuo. The mixture was taken up into water (200 mL), washed with EtOAc (100 mL), acidified with concentrated HCl and extracted into EtOAc (2 ⁇ 200 mL). The mixture was dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Methyl zinc chloride (3.35 mL, 6.70 mmol) was added to 3-bromo-4-chloro-5-phenyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (1.00 g, 2.23 mmol) and Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (0.129 g, 0.111 mmol) in THF (10 mL). The reaction was then heated to 80° C. for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature, and quenched with saturated NH 4 Cl. The resulting solids were filtered and discarded. The filtrate was diluted with DCM (500 mL) and was washed with water.
  • HOBT-H 2 O (0.0293 g, 0.192 mmol), EDCI (0.0341 g, 0.178 mmol), and DIEA (d 0.742; 0.0954 mL, 0.548 mmol) were then added, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction was then poured into saturated Na 2 CO 3 and extracted with DCM.
  • Methyl amine (2 mL, 2.0M in THF) was added, and the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes. Saturated NaHCO 3 (5 mL) was added, and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (20 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (10 mL), and dried over sodium sulfate. After removal of the solvent, the resulting residue was dissolved in DCM (0.5 mL), and 2M HCl in ether (1 mL) was added.
  • N-(4-(4-Benzylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)butyramide (0.070 g, 0.19 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (1 mL). Pd/C (0.0197 g, 0.0185 mmol) was then added, followed by the addition of 3 drops of concentrated HCl. The reaction was then placed under a H 2 balloon for 18 hours. The reaction was then filtered, washed with MeOH, and concentrated to give the crude product N-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)butyramide (0.050 g, 93.8% yield).
  • N-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)butyramide (0.050 g, 0.174 mmol), (S)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(isopropyl)amino)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propanoic acid (0.0625 g, 0.183 mmol, see Example H), HOBT-H 2 O (0.0373 g, 0.244 mmol), and EDCI (0.0434 g, 0.226 mmol) were placed in DCM (5 mL) at room temperature.
  • Piperazine (222 mg, 2.6 mmol) was added to 4-fluoro-5-isopropoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (50 mg, 0.26 mmol) in NMP (1 mL), and the reaction was heated to 200° C. for 1 hour under microwave irradiation. The reaction was concentrated to dryness under high vacuum and then purified by chromatography (SP4, 12+M, water/ACN 100/0 ⁇ 40/60, 20CV) to yield 5-isopropoxy-4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (33 mg, 49% yield) as an oil.
  • N-(4-(4-Benzylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide (0.080 g, 0.19 mmol) was placed in MeOH (2 mL). Pd/C (0.0206 g, 0.0194 mmol) was then added, followed by the addition of 4 drops of concentrated HCl. The reaction was then placed under a balloon of H 2 and stirred overnight.
  • N-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide (0.030 g, 0.0931 mmol) and (S)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(isopropyl)amino)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propanoic acid (0.0334 g, 0.0977 mmol, see Example H) were placed in DCM (2 mL) at room temperature.
  • HOBT-H 2 O 0.20 g, 0.13 mmol
  • EDCI 0.023 g, 0.12 mmol
  • DIEA DIEA
  • N-(4-(4-Benzylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)acetamide (0.150 g, 0.429 mmol) was placed in MeOH (3 mL). Pd/C (0.0914 g, 0.0429 mmol) was then added, followed by the addition of 3 drops of concentrated HCl. The reaction was then placed under a H 2 balloon for 3 hours. The reaction was then filtered, but the product was insoluble. The solids were slurried with 1:1 MeOH:THF (5 ⁇ ) and filtered.
  • N-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)acetamide (0.050 g, 0.151 mmol), (S)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(isopropyl)amino)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propanoic acid (0.0540 g, 0.158 mmol, see Example H), HOBT-H 2 O (0.0323 g, 0.211 mmol), and EDCI (0.0375 g, 0.196 mmol) were placed in DCM (5 mL). DIEA (d 0.742; 0.131 mL, 0.752 mmol) was then added, and the reaction was stirred for 5 hours.
  • N-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide (0.025 g, 0.058 mmol, see Example 50), (R)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoic acid (0.0138 g, 0.0637 mmol), HOBT-H 2 O (0.0124 g, 0.0811 mmol) and EDCI (0.0144 g, 0.0752 mmol) were placed in DCM (3 mL). DIEA (d 0.742; 0.0504 mL, 0.290 mmol) was then added, and the reaction was stirred for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with saturated Na 2 CO 3 .
  • N-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide (0.025 g, 0.058 mmol, see Example 50), 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid (0.0121 g, 0.0637 mmol), HOBT-H 2 O (0.0124 g, 0.0811 mmol), and EDCI (0.0144 g, 0.0753 mmol) were placed in DCM (3 mL).
  • DIEA d 0.742; 0.0504 mL, 0.290 mmol
  • the reaction was stirred for 2 hours and quenched with saturated Na 2 CO 3 . The mixture was then extracted with DCM.
  • N-(5-Bromo-4-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide (0.100 g, 0.298 mmol) and piperazine (0.257 g, 2.98 mmol) were placed in NMP (1.5 mL) and heated to 100° C. in a microwave for 1 hour. The reaction was then heated to 70° C. for 1 hour with rotary evaporation to remove excess piperazine. The reaction was then diluted with water and extracted with DCM (with minimal MeOH to aid solubility). The organic fractions were combined, dried, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude NMP solution of N-(5-bromo-4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide was used without further purification.
  • N-(4-(4-(3-aminopropanoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-5-bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide (0.060 g, 0.103 mmol, see Example 62) and acetone (0.0599 g, 1.03 mmol) were placed in 1:1 DCE:DMF (5 mL).
  • DIEA (d 0.742; 0.0898 mL, 0.516 mmol) was then added, followed by the addition of NaBH(OAc) 3 (0.0437 g, 0.206 mmol). The reaction was then stirred for 30 minutes, and poured into Na 2 CO 3 and extracted into DCM (3 ⁇ 30 mL).
  • N-(5-Phenyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide (0.050 g, 0.125 mmol, see Example 64), 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid (0.0475 g, 0.251 mmol), HOBT-H 2 O (0.0269 g, 0.176 mmol), and EDCI (0.0313 g, 0.163 mmol) were placed in DCM (5 mL) at room temperature. DIEA (d 0.742; 0.109 mL, 0.627 mmol) was then added, and the reaction was stirred for 5 hours.
  • N-(4-(4-(3-Aminopropanoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide (0.015 g, 0.026 mmol, see Example 65) and acetone (0.0150 g, 0.259 mmol) were placed in 1:1 DCE:DMF (2 mL).
  • DIEA (d 0.742; 0.0226 mL, 0.130 mmol) was then added, followed by the addition of NaBH(OAc) 3 (0.0110 g, 0.0518 mmol). The reaction was then stirred for 30 minutes, and poured into Na 2 CO 3 and extracted into DCM.
  • Examples 67-74 shown in Table 3 can also be made according to the above described methods.

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US9969727B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2018-05-15 Array Biopharma Inc. Pyrrolopyridines as kinase inhibitors
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JP2014129376A (ja) 2014-07-10
US20100324041A1 (en) 2010-12-23
CN101959887B (zh) 2013-07-31
EP2242755A1 (fr) 2010-10-27
EP2242755B1 (fr) 2012-09-12
ES2394759T3 (es) 2013-02-05
CN101959887A (zh) 2011-01-26
JP2011509301A (ja) 2011-03-24
JP5608097B2 (ja) 2014-10-15

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