Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
  • A61P15/10—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for impotence
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
  • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system

Definitions

• the invention relates to novel substituted pyrazolopyrimidines.
• the new compounds shall be used for the manufacture of medicaments, in particular medicaments for improving perception, concentration, learning and/or memory in patients in need thereof. E.g. for the prophylaxis and treatment of Alzheimer Disease.
• the compounds are characterised as 6-aryl- or heteroarylmethyl-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines (more specific 6-benzyl or pyridyl-methyl-pyrazolopyrimidinones) having at least one alkyl or alkoxy residue at the aryl or heteroaryl moiety which in addition may be several fold substituted.
• pyrazolopyrimidines more specific 6-benzyl or pyridyl-methyl-pyrazolopyrimidinones
• Further aspects of the present invention refer to a process for the manufacture of the compounds and their use for producing medicaments.
• PDE9A phosphodiesterase 9A
• Phosphodiesterase 9A is one member of the wide family of phosphordiesterases. These kinds of enzymes modulate the levels of the cyclic nucleotides 5′-3′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 5′-3′ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). These cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) are important second messengers and therefore play a central role in cellular signal transduction cascades. Each of them reactivates inter alia, but not exclusively, protein kinases.
• the protein kinase activated by cAMP is called protein kinase A (PKA), and the protein kinase activated by cGMP is called protein kinase G (PKG).
• PKA and PKG are able in turn to phosphorylate a number of cellular effector proteins (e.g. ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors, structural proteins, transcription factors). It is possible in this way for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP to control a wide variety of physiological processes in a wide variety of organs.
• the cyclic nucleotides are also able to act directly on effector molecules.
• cGMP is able to act directly on ion channels and thus is able to influence the cellular ion concentration (review in: Wei et al., Prog. Neurobiol., 1998, 56, 37-64).
• the phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a control mechanism for controlling the activity of cAMP and cGMP and thus in turn for these physiological processes.
• PDEs hydrolyse the cyclic monophosphates to the inactive monophosphates AMP and GMP.
• 11 PDE families have been defined on the basis of the sequence homology of the corresponding genes. Individual PDE genes within a family are differentiated by letters (e.g. PDE1A and PDE1B). If different splice variants within a gene also occur, this is then indicated by an additional numbering after the letters (e.g. PDE1A1).
• Km Michaelis-Menten constant
• PDE9A is expressed in humans inter alia in testes, brain, small intestine, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, thymus and spleen. The highest expression was found in the brain, small intestine, kidney, prostate, colon, and spleen (Fisher et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (25), 15559-15564; Wang et al., Gene, 2003, 314, 15-27).
• the gene for human PDE9A is located on chromosome 21q22.3 and comprises 21 exons. To date, 4 alternative splice variants of PDE9A have been identified (Guipponi et al., Hum.
• Murine PDE9A was cloned and sequenced in 1998 by Soderling et al. ( J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (19), 15553-15558). This has, like the human form, high affinity for cGMP with a Km of 70 nM. Particularly high expression was found in the mouse kidney, brain, lung and liver. Murine PDE9A is not inhibited by IBMX in concentrations below 200 [mu]M either; the IC50 for zaprinast is 29 [mu]M (Soderling et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (19), 15553-15558). It has been found that PDE9A is strongly expressed in some regions of the rat brain.
• PDE9A In contrast to PDE2A (Murashima et al., Biochemistry, 1990, 29, 5285-5292), the catalytic activity of PDE9A is not increased by cGMP because it has no GAF domain (cGMP-binding domain via which the PDE activity is allosterically increased) (Beavo et al., Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 2000, 12, 174-179). PDE9A inhibitors may therefore lead to an increase in the baseline cGMP concentration.
• WO 98/40384 discloses pyrazolopyrimidines which are PDE1, 2 and 5 inhibitors and can be employed for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders and disorders of the urogenital system.
• CH 396 924, CH 396 925, CH 396 926, CH 396 927, DE 1 147 234, DE 1 149 013, GB 937,726 describe pyrazolopyrimidines which have a coronary-dilating effect and which can be employed for the treatment of disturbances of myocardial blood flow.
• DE 2 408 906 describes styrylpyrazolopyrimidines which can be employed as antimicrobial and antiinflammatory agents for the treatment of, for example, oedema.
• WO04099210 discloses novel 6-arylmethyl-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines which lack having at least one alkyl or alkoxy residue at the aryl moiety which is several fold substituted by halogen.
• Another objective of the present invention is to provide compounds that inhibit PDE9A in a selective manner.
• Yet another objective is to provide such a medicament not only for treatment but also for prevention or modification of the corresponding disease.
• R 1 the following substitution options R 1.i for R 1 in the order of preference, ascending from preferably to most preferably are defined:
• R 1.1.a , R 1.2.a , R 1.3.a at least one X is in the ortho position to the C-atom of the phenyl-ring or the pyridylring respectively by which R 1 is attached to the methylene group which links R1 with the pyrazolopyrimidine group of the of formula I.
• R 1.1.b , R 1.2.b , R 1.3.b , R 1.4.b at least one X is in the ortho position to the C-atom of the phenyl-ring, the pyridylring respectively by which R 1 is attached to the methylene group which links R 1 with the pyrazolopyrimidine group of the of formula I.
• substitution patterns R 1.1 , R 1.2 , R 1.3 , R 1.1.a , R 1.2.a , R 1.3.a , R 1.1.b , R 1.2.b , R 1.3.b , R 1.4.b the preferred substitution pattern at the 1 to 3 mandatory substituents X being C 2 -C 6 -alkyl or C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy respectively, whatever is appropriate, preferably are at least 2, more preferably 3 fluoro substituents.
• the preferred position for these halogen substituents are the alpha or the beta position, more preferably at least the beta position of the C 2 -C 6 -alkyl residue or the beta position of the C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy residue, more preferably only the beta position.
• X is C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy trifluoromethoxy.
• X is C 2 -C 6 -alkyl 2,2,2-trifluoreth-1-yl or 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoreth-1-yl or 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoreth-1-yl is preferred, more preferred 2,2,2-trifluoreth-1-yl.
• R 1.1 , R 1.2 , R 1.3 , R 1.1.b , R 1.2.b , R 1.3.b , R 1.4.b most preferred X is 1 substituent being trifluoromethoxy.
• R 1.1.a , R 1.2.a , R 1.3.a most preferred X is 1 substituent being 2,2,2-trifluoreth-1-yl or 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoreth-1-yl or 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoreth-1-yl 2,2,2-trifluoreth-1-yl.
• R 1 phenyl is preferred over pyridyl, with the substitution pattern as outlined above.
• R 1 defined by R 1.1 , R 1.2 , R 1.3 , R 1.1.a , R 1.2.a , R 1.3.a , R 1.1.b , R 1.2.b , R 1.3.b R 1.4.b at least one X preferably is in the ortho position to the C-atom of the phenyl-ring or the pyridylring respectively by which R 1 is attached to the methylene group which links R 1 with the pyrazolopyrimidine group of the of formula I.
• R 1.5.b X is trifluoromethyl in ortho position of the phenyl.
• R 1 defined by R 1.1 , R 1.2 , R 1.3 , R 1.1.a , R 1.2.a , R 1.3.a , R 1.1.b , R 1.2.b , R 1.3.b , R 1.4.b
• X can be present 1, 2, 3 or 4 times.
• X is present 1, 2 or 3 times, more preferably 1 or 2 times, more preferably 1 time.
• R 1 defined by R 1.1 , R 1.2 , R 1.3
• X being C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy is preferred over X being C 2 -C 6 -alkyl. Accordingly, any of the options R 1.i.b is preferred over any options of R 1.i.a .
• R 2 the following substitution options R 2.j for R 2 in the order of preference, ascending from preferably to most preferably are defined:
• substitution pattern at phenyl and heteroaryl is one or two radical(s).
• Heteroaryl preferably is pyridyl (2-, 3-, 4-pyridyl) optionally having one or two radical(s).
• the preferred heteroaryl is pyridyl, more preferably 3-pyridyl.
• Each of the letters or indexes i, j respectively in R 1.i and R 2.j is an index standing for 1, 2, 3, etc.
• each element of the following matrix I, matrix II and matrix III includes each embodiment of matrix I, matrix II and matrix III, more preferably each embodiment of matrix II and matrix III and more preferably each embodiment of matrix III.
• the preference of the embodiments for each matrix ascends from the first line to the last line. This means that the embodiment, which is presented by the matrix III, last row (i.e. (R 1.5.b R 2.3 )) is the most preferred embodiment.
• Each matrix is represented by two columns, one providing the number for an embodiment of the present invention and the other one describing said embodiment.
• R 2.2 may be replaced by R 2.2.a .
• C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxy is a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, particularly preferably having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• Preferred examples include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.
• C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxycarbonyl C 1-6 -Alkoxy is as defined for C 1-6 -alkoxy.
• C 1 -C 6 -Alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, particularly preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms.
• Preferred examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.
• C 1 -C 6 -Alkylamino is a straight-chain or branched mono- or dialkylamino radical the alkyl group(s) therein having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• Preferred examples include methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, tert-butylamino, n-pentylamino and n-hexylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, di-n-propylamino, diisopropylamino, di-t-butylamino, di-n-pentylamino, di-n-hexylamino, ethylmethylamino, isopropylmethylamino, n-butylethylamino and n-hexyl-i-pentylamino.
• this substituent may be mono-alkylamino ( ⁇ C 1-6 -Alkyl-NH—) and/or dialkylamino ( ⁇ N—C 1-6 -Alkyl-N(C 1-6 -Alkyl)′-amino-).
• dialkylamino ⁇ N—C 1-6 -Alkyl-N(C 1-6 -Alkyl)′-amino-.
• the two alkyl groups may be the same or different ones.
• C 1 -C 6 -Alkylaminocarbonyl is a mono- or dialkylamino radical linked via a carbonyl group, where in the dialkyl variation thereof the alkyl radicals may be identical or different.
• the alkyl group(s) may be straight-chain or branched and each comprise 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• this substituent may be mono-alkylaminocarbonyl ( ⁇ C 1-6 -Alkyl-NH—CO—) and/or dialkylamino.
• the two alkyl groups may be the same or different ones.
• Preferred examples include methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl, n-propylaminocarbonyl, isopropylaminocarbonyl, tert-butylaminocarbonyl, n-pentylaminocarbonyl, n-hexylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, diethylaminocarbonyl, di-n-propylaminocarbonyl, diisopropylaminocarbonyl, di-t-butylamino-carbonyl, di-n-pentylaminocarbonyl, di-n-hexylaminocarbonyl, ethylmethylaminocarbonyl, isopropylmethylaminocarbonyl
• a further possibility in the case of a dialkylaminocarbonyl radical is for the two alkyl radicals to form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded a 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl.
• heterocyclyl it is referred to the definition said term.
• Preferred heterocyclyl in this context are morpholinyl and piperidinyl, more preferably morpholinyl.
• C 1 -C 6 -Alkylcarbonylamino is an alkylcarbonyl radical linked via an amino group, where the alkyl radical may be straight-chain or branched and comprises 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms.
• Preferred examples include methylcarbonylamino, ethylcarbonylamino, n-propylcarbonylamino, isopropylcarbonylamino, tert-butylcarbonylamino, n-pentylcarbonylamino and n-hexylcarbonylamino.
• C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulphonyl The term C 1 -C 6 -alkyl stands for a straight-chain or branched alkyl-group linked via a sulphonyl (SO 2 ) radical to the phenyl or pyridyl.
• the C 1 -C 6 -alkyl having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably having 1 to 3, carbon atoms.
• Preferred examples include methylsulphonyl, ethylsulphonyl, n-propylsulphonyl, isopropylsulphonyl, tert-butylsulphonyl, n-pentylsulphonyl and n-hexylsulphonyl.
• C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulphonylamino is a C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulphonyl linked via an Aminogroup to the phenyl or pyridyl.
• C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulphonyl see the corresponding definition.
• Preferred examples include methylsulphonylamino, ethylsulphonylamino, n-propylsulphonylamino, isopropyl-sulphonylamino, tert-butylsulphonylamino, n-pentylsulphonylamino and n-hexylsulphonylamino.
• C 1 -C 6 -Alkylthio The term C 1 -C 6 -alkyl stands for a straight-chain or branched alkyl-group linked via a sulphur (—S—) radical to the phenyl or pyridyl.
• the C 1 -C 6 -alkyl group having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably having 1 to 3, carbon atoms.
• Preferred examples include methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, tert-butylthio, n-pentylthio and n-hexylthio.
• C 6 -C 10 -Arylaminocarbonyl is an arylamino radical linked via a carbonyl group.
• Preferred examples include phenylaminocarbonyl and naphthylaminocarbonyl.
• C 6 -C 10 -Arylcarbonylamino is an arylcarbonyl radical linked via an amino group.
• Preferred examples include phenylcarbonylamino and naphthylcarbonylamino.
• Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine are preferred, and fluorine and chlorine are particularly preferred.
• Heteroaryl is an aromatic, mono- or bicyclic radical having 5 to 10 ring atoms and up to 5 heteroatoms from the series S, O and/or N. 5- to 6-membered heteroaryls having up to 4 heteroatoms are preferred.
• the heteroaryl radical may be bonded via a carbon or nitrogen atom.
• Preferred examples include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl and isoquinolinyl.
• 6-membered heteroaryl is an aromatic radical having 6 ring atoms and up to 2 nitrogen atoms.
• the heteroaryl radical is bonded via a carbon atom.
• Preferred examples include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl and pyrazinyl.
• Heteroarylaminocarbonyl is a heteroarylamino radical linked via a carbonyl group.
• Preferred examples include thienylaminocarbonyl, furylaminocarbonyl, pyrrolylaminocarbonyl, thiazolylaminocarbonyl, oxazolylaminocarbonyl, imidazolylaminocarbonyl, tetrazolylaminocarbonyl, pyridylaminocarbonyl, pyrimidinylaminocarbonyl, pyridazinylaminocarbonyl, indolylaminocarbonyl, indazolylaminocarbonyl, benzofuranylaminocarbonyl, benzothiophenylaminocarbonyl, quinolinylaminocarbonyl and isoquinolinylaminocarbonyl.
• Heteroarylcarbonylamino is a heteroarylcarbonyl radical linked via an amino group.
• Preferred examples include thienylcarbonylamino, furylcarbonylamino, pyrrolylcarbonylamino, thiazolylcarbonylamino, oxazolylcarbonylamino, imidazolylcarbonylamino, tetrazolylcarbonylamino, pyridylcarbonylamino, pyrimidinylcarbonylamino, pyridazinylcarbonylamino, indolylcarbonylamino, indazolylcarbonylamino, benzofuranylcarbonylamino, benzothiophenylcarbonylamino, quinolinylcarbonylamino and isoquinolinylcarbonylamino.
• 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl is a mono- or polycyclic heterocyclic radical having 5 to 8 ring atoms and up to 3, preferably 2, heteroatoms or hetero groups from the series N, O, S, SO, SO 2 .
• Mono- or bicyclic heterocyclyl is preferred.
• Monocyclic heterocyclyl is particularly preferred.
• N and O are preferred as heteroatoms.
• the heterocyclyl radicals may be saturated or partially unsaturated. Saturated heterocyclyl radicals are preferred.
• 5- to 7-membered heterocyclyl radicals are particularly preferred.
• Preferred examples include oxetan-3-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyranyl, piperidinyl, thiopyranyl, morpholinyl, perhydroazepinyl. More preferred is morpholinyl.
• radicals in the compounds of the invention are optionally substituted, unless otherwise specified substitution by up to three identical or different substituents is preferred.
• Some embodiments of the compounds of the invention also may be transferred into physiologically acceptable salts.
• phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• Such physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention include salts with mineral acids, carboxylic acids and sulphonic acids, e.g. salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulphonic acid, ethanesulphonic acid, toluenesulphonic acid, benzenesulphonic acid, naphthalenedisulphonic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and benzoic acid, e.g. in the form of acid addition salts.
• mineral acids e.g. salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulphonic acid, ethanesulphonic acid, toluenesulphonic acid, benzenesulphonic acid, naphthalenedisulphonic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid,
• Physiologically acceptable salts of such embodiments of the present invention also may include salts with conventional bases such as, by way of example and preferably, alkali metal salts (e.g. sodium and potassium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g. calcium and magnesium salts) and ammonia, organic amines having 1 to 16 C atoms, such as, by way of example and preferably, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-methyl-morpholine, dehydroabietylamine, arginine, lysine, ethylenediamine and methylpiperidine.
• alkali metal salts e.g. sodium and potassium salts
• alkaline earth metal salts e.g. calcium and magnesium salts
• ammonia organic amine
• solvates refers to those forms of the compounds which form, in the solid or liquid state, a complex with solvent molecules. Hydrates are a specific form of solvates in which the coordination takes place with water. Typically a solvate is a crystalline complex of host molecules (compound molecules) and solvent molecules. The molecules of the solvent are incorporated into the host lattice. The solvent molecules may—but need not—be linked to the host molecule by coordination. Solvates also may be formed by salt forms of the compounds of the present invention. Most interesting pharmaceutically acceptable solvates include hydrates or solvates with ethanol.
• a derivative of a compound according to the invention which shares the same pharmacophoric group or groups and which thus provides a bioequivalent pharmacological effect may be considered a subgeneric form of said compound according to the invention.
• the compounds of the present invention may be made in accordance with the outline of WO04099210 (in particular page 9, last paragraph to page 14, line 8, incorporated by reference). Specific procedures can be taken from the experimental part thereof.
• a specific and independent embodiment EA according to the present invention refers to a compound, characterised by general formula I:
• Preferred embodiments of the present invention are the following compounds, whereby each single compound is considered a specific and independent aspect of the present invention:
• 2-Ethoxymethylene-malononitrile is condensed with mono-substituted hydrazines to form 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles.
• the heterocycles are converted to the corresponding amides.
• reaction with carboxylic esters or carboxylic acids leads to pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones as final products [cf., for example, A. Miyashita et al., Heterocycles 1990, 31, 1309ff].
• Mono-substituted hydrazine derivatives can be prepared either by formation of the diazonium salt and consequent reduction or, alternatively, by nucleophilic displacement on the corresponding halide derivative [cf., for example, I. Hunsberger et al., Journal of Organic Chemistry 1956, 21, 394-399; T. J. Fleck et al., Organic Process Research & Development 2006, 10(2), 334-338].
• the compounds of the invention show a valuable range of pharmacological effects which could not have been predicted. They are characterised in particular by inhibition of PDE9A.
• the compounds according to the present invention show a good selectivity profile in view of inhibiting or modulating specific members within the PDE9 family or other PDE families, with a preference (selectivity) towards PDE9A inhibition.
• the present invention refers to compounds, which are considered effective and selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 9A and can be used for the development of medicaments.
• medicaments shall preferably be used for the treatment of diseases in which the inhibition of PDE9A can evolve a therapeutic, prophylactic or disease modifying effect to the benefit of the patient.
• medicaments with a compound according to the invention as active ingredient shall be used to treat, prevent or improve perception, concentration, cognition, learning or memory, like those occurring in particular in situations/diseases/syndromes such as mild cognitive impairment, age-associated learning and memory impairments, age-associated memory losses, vascular dementia, craniocerebral trauma, stroke, dementia occurring after strokes (post stroke dementia), post-traumatic dementia, general concentration impairments, concentration impairments in children with learning and memory problems, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, dementia with degeneration of the frontal lobes, including Pick's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, progressive nuclear palsy, dementia with corticobasal degeneration, amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, thalamic degeneration, Creutzfeld-Jacob dementia, HIV dementia, schizophrenia with dementia or Korsakoff's psychosis.
• mild cognitive impairment age-associated learning and memory impairments, age-associated memory losses
• vascular dementia craniocere
• Another aspect of the present invention concerns the treatment of sleep disorders like insomnia or narcolepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, including type 1 or type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, or a disease of the testes, brain, small intestine, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, thymus or spleen or another disease which is accessible by PDE9A modulation.
• sleep disorders like insomnia or narcolepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, including type 1 or type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, or a disease of the testes, brain, small intestine, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, thymus or spleen or another disease which is accessible by PDE9A modulation.
• a preferred condition, the course of which shall be influenced to the benefit of the patient by the use of the compounds according to the present invention is Alzheimer's Disease.
• the use of the compounds of the present invention preferably is for the treatment, amelioration and/or prevention of the conditions as outlined herein, preferably for the treatment thereof, more preferably for the symptomatic treatment.
• Medicaments for administration comprise a compound of formula (I) in a therapeutically effective amount.
• therapeutically effective amount it is meant that if the medicament is applied via the appropriate regimen adapted to the patient's condition, the amount of said compound of formula (I) will be sufficient to effectively treat, to prevent or to decelerate the progression of the corresponding disease, or otherwise to ameliorate the estate of a patient suffering from such a disease. It may be the case that the “therapeutically effective amount” in a mono-therapy will differ from the “therapeutically effective amount” in a combination therapy with another medicament.
• the dose range of the compounds of general formula (I) applicable per day is usually from 0.1 to 5000 mg, preferably 0.1 to 1000 mg, preferably from 2 to 500 mg, more preferably from 5 to 250 mg, most preferably from 10 to 100 mg.
• a dosage unit e.g. a tablet
• the actual pharmaceutically effective amount or therapeutic dosage will of course depend on factors known by those skilled in the art such as age, weight, gender or other condition of the patient, route of administration, severity of disease, and the like.
• the compounds according to the invention may be administered by oral, parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular etc.), intranasal, sublingual, inhalative, intrathecal, topical or rectal route.
• Suitable preparations for administering the compounds of formula (I) include for example patches, tablets, capsules, pills, pellets, dragees, powders, troches, suppositories, liquid preparations such as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, drops, syrups, elixirs, or gaseous preparations such as aerosols, sprays and the like.
• the content of the pharmaceutically active compound(s) should be in the range from 0.05 to 90 wt.-%, preferably 0.1 to 50 wt.-% of the composition as a whole.
• Suitable tablets may be obtained, for example, by mixing the active substance(s) with known excipients, for example inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or lactose, disintegrants such as corn starch or alginic acid, binders such as starch or gelatine, lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc and/or agents for delaying release, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, or polyvinyl acetate.
• excipients for example inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or lactose, disintegrants such as corn starch or alginic acid, binders such as starch or gelatine, lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc and/or agents for delaying release, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, or polyvinyl acetate.
• excipients for example inert dilu
• Coated tablets may be prepared accordingly by coating cores produced analogously to the tablets with substances normally used for tablet coatings, for example collidone or shellac, gum arabic, talc, titanium dioxide or sugar.
• the core may also consist of a number of layers.
• the tablet coating may consist of a number of layers to achieve delayed release, possibly using the excipients mentioned above for the tablets.
• Syrups or elixirs containing the active substances or combinations thereof according to the invention may additionally contain a sweetener such as saccharine, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar and a flavour enhancer, e.g. a flavouring such as vanillin or orange extract. They may also contain suspension adjuvants or thickeners such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wetting agents such as, for example, condensation products of fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, or preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates.
• a sweetener such as saccharine, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar
• a flavour enhancer e.g. a flavouring such as vanillin or orange extract.
• suspension adjuvants or thickeners such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wetting agents such as, for example, condensation products of fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, or preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates.
• Solutions are prepared in the usual way, e.g. with the addition of isotonic agents, preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates or stabilisers such as alkali metal salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, optionally using emulsifiers and/or dispersants, while if water is used as diluent, for example, organic solvents may optionally be used as solubilisers or dissolving aids, and the solutions may be transferred into injection vials or ampoules or infusion bottles.
• isotonic agents e.g. with the addition of isotonic agents, preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates or stabilisers such as alkali metal salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, optionally using emulsifiers and/or dispersants, while if water is used as diluent, for example, organic solvents may optionally be used as solubilisers or dissolving aids, and the solutions may be transferred into
• Capsules containing one or more active substances or combinations of active substances may for example be prepared by mixing the active substances with inert carriers such as lactose or sorbitol and packing them into gelatine capsules.
• Suitable suppositories may be made for example by mixing with carriers provided for this purpose, such as neutral fats or polyethyleneglycol or the derivatives thereof.
• Excipients which may be used include, for example, water, pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), vegetable oils (e.g. groundnut or sesame oil), mono- or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. ethanol or glycerol), carriers such as e.g. natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly dispersed silicic acid and silicates), sugars (e.g. cane sugar, lactose and glucose), emulsifiers (e.g.
• pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), vegetable oils (e.g. groundnut or sesame oil), mono- or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. ethanol or glycerol), carriers such as e.g. natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly disper
• lignin e.g. lignin, spent sulphite liquors, methylcellulose, starch and polyvinylpyrrolidone
• lubricants e.g. magnesium stearate, talc, stearic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate.
• the tablets may obviously contain, in addition to the carriers specified, additives such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate together with various additional substances such as starch, preferably potato starch, gelatin and the like.
• Lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sodium laurylsulphate and talc may also be used to produce the tablets.
• the active substances may be combined with various flavour enhancers or colourings in addition to the abovementioned excipients.
• the dosage of the compounds according to the invention is naturally highly dependent on the method of administration and the complaint which is being treated.
• the compounds of formula (I) are characterised by a high potency even at doses in the microgram range.
• the compounds of formula (I) may also be used effectively above the microgram range. The dosage may then be in the gram range, for example.
• the present invention relates to the above-mentioned pharmaceutical formulations as such which are characterised in that they contain a compound of formula I.
• a further aspect of the present invention refers to a combination of at least one compound according to formula (I) with another compound selected from the group of for example beta-secretase inhibitors; gamma-secretase inhibitors; amyloid aggregation inhibitors such as e.g. alzhemed; directly or indirectly acting neuroprotective and/or disease-modifying substances; anti-oxidants, such as e.g. vitamin E or ginkolide; anti-inflammatory substances, such as e.g.
• Cox inhibitors NSAIDs additionally or exclusively having A ⁇ lowering properties
• HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors statins
• acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, galantamine
• NMDA receptor antagonists such as e.g.
• AMPA receptor agonists AMPA receptor positive modulators
• AMPkines monoamine receptor reuptake inhibitors, substances modulating the concentration or release of neurotransmitters
• substances inducing the secretion of growth hormone such as ibutamoren mesylate and capromorelin
• CB-1 receptor antagonists or inverse agonists antibiotics such as minocyclin or rifampicin; PDE2, PDE4, PDE5, PDE10 inhibitors, GABAA receptor inverse agonists, GABAA receptor antagonists, nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators, alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators, alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators; histamine H3 antagonists, 5 HT-4 agonists or partial agonists, 5HT-6 antagonists, alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonists, calcium antagonists, muscarin
• This invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more, preferably one active substance, which is selected from the compounds according to the invention and/or the corresponding salts, as well as one or more, preferably one active substance selected from among alzhemed, vitamin E, ginkolide, donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, galantamine, memantine, ibutamoren mesylate, capromorelin, minocyclin and/or rifampicin, optionally together with one or more inert carriers and/or diluents.
• one active substance selected from among alzhemed, vitamin E, ginkolide, donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, galantamine, memantine, ibutamoren mesylate, capromorelin, minocyclin and/or rifampicin, optionally together with one or more inert carriers and/or diluents.
• the compounds according to the invention may also be used in combination with immunotherapies such as e.g. active immunisation with Abeta or parts thereof or passive immunisation with humanised anti-Abeta antibodies or nanobodies for the treatment of the above-mentioned diseases and conditions.
• immunotherapies such as e.g. active immunisation with Abeta or parts thereof or passive immunisation with humanised anti-Abeta antibodies or nanobodies for the treatment of the above-mentioned diseases and conditions.
• the combinations according to the present invention may be provided simultaneously in one and the same dosage form, i.e. in form of a combination preparation, for example the two components may be incorporated in one tablet, e.g. in different layers of said tablet.
• the combination may be also provided separately, in form of a free combination, i.e. the compounds of the present invention are provided in one dosage form and one or more of the above mentioned combination partners is provided in another dosage form.
• These two dosage forms may be equal dosage forms, for example a co-administration of two tablets, one containing a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the present invention and one containing a therapeutically effective amount of the above mentioned combination partner. It is also possible to combine different administration forms, if desired. Any type of suitable administration forms may be provided.
• the compound according to the invention, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with another active substance may be used simultaneously or at staggered times, but particularly close together in time. If administered simultaneously, the two active substances are given to the patient together; if administered at staggered times the two active substances are given to the patient successively within a period of less than or equal to 12, particularly less than or equal to 6 hours.
• the dosage or administration forms are not limited, in the frame of the present invention any suitable dosage form may be used.
• the dosage forms may be selected from solid preparations such as patches, tablets, capsules, pills, pellets, dragees, powders, troches, suppositories, liquid preparations such as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, drops, syrups, elixirs, or gaseous preparations such as aerosols, sprays and the like.
• the dosage forms are advantageously formulated in dosage units, each dosage unit being adapted to supply a single dose of each active component being present. Depending from the administration route and dosage form the ingredients are selected accordingly.
• the dosage for the above-mentioned combination partners is expediently 1 ⁇ 5 of the normally recommended lowest dose up to 1/1 of the normally recommended dose.
• the dosage forms are administered to the patient 1, 2, 3, or 4 times daily. It is preferred that the compounds of the invention be administered either three or fewer times, more preferably once or twice daily.
• one particular aspect of the invention is a medication consisting of—or the use of—a compound according to the invention, in particular in view of any of the aforementioned embodiments of matrix I, II or III, or any of the embodiments EA, EB, EC, ED, EF, EG, EH or the individually specified compounds, in combination with another therapeutically effective compound, preferably selected from the group of beta-secretase inhibitors; gamma-secretase inhibitors; amyloid aggregation inhibitors; directly or indirectly acting neuroprotective and/or disease-modifying substances; anti-oxidants; anti-inflammatory substances; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists; AMPA receptor agonists; AMPA receptor positive modulators, AMPkines, monoamine receptor reuptake inhibitors, substances modulating the concentration or release of neurotransmitters; substances modulating the secretion of growth hormone; CB-1 receptor antagonists or
• active substance denotes one or more compounds according to the invention including the salts thereof.
• active substance also includes the additional active substances.
• 1 tablet contains:
• 1 tablet contains:
• active substance 150.0 mg powdered lactose 89.0 mg corn starch 40.0 mg colloidal silica 10.0 mg polyvinylpyrrolidone 10.0 mg magnesium stearate 1.0 mg 300.0 mg
• 1 capsule contains:
• Capsule shell size 1 hard gelatine capsule.
• 1 suppository contains:
• the PDE enzymatic activity assays were run as SPA, in general according to the protocol of the manufacturer (Amersham Biosciences, product number: TRKQ 7100).
• enzyme source lysate (PBS with 1% Triton X-100 supplemented with protease inhibitors, cell debris removed by centrifugation at 13.000 rpm for 30 min) of SF 9 cell expressing the human PDE of interest was used.
• the total protein amount included in the assay varied upon infection and production efficacy of the SF9 cells and lay in the range of 0.1-100 ng.
• the assays were run in 384-well format.
• the test reagents as well as the enzyme and the substrate were diluted in assay buffer.
• the assay buffer contained 50 mM Tris, 8.3 mM MgCl2, 1.7 mM EGTA, 0.1% BSA, 0.05% Tween 20; the pH of assay buffer was adjusted to 7.5.
• 50 nM Calmodulin and 3 mM CaCl2 were included in the assay buffer.
• PDE9 activity was analyzed, the reaction was stopped by applying a PDE9 specific inhibitor (e.g. compounds according to WO2004/099210).
• PDE1C was analysed with cAMP as substrate
• PDE9 was analyzed with cGMP as substrate.
• IC50 can be calculated in a conventional way, eventually with the help of GraphPadPrism or other suited software setting the positive control as 100 and the negative control as 0.
• For calculation of IC50 usually 8 dilutions of the test compound (substrates) are to be selected and tested following the aforementioned protocol.
• MS apparatus type Waters Micromass ZQ
• HPLC apparatus type Waters Alliance 2695, Waters 2996 diode array detector
• column Varian Microsorb 100 C18, 30 ⁇ 4.6 mm, 3.0 ⁇ m
• eluent A water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: acetonitrile
• gradient 0.0 min 5% B ⁇ 0.18 min 5% B ⁇ 2.0 min 98% B ⁇ 2.2 min 98% B ⁇ 2.3 min 5% B ⁇ 2.5 min 5% B
• flow rate 3.5 ml/min
• UV detection 210-380 nm.
• MS apparatus type Waters Micromass ZQ
• HPLC apparatus type Waters Alliance 2695, Waters 2996 diode array detector
• column Merck Chromolith Performance RP18e, 100 ⁇ 1 mm
• eluent A water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: acetonitrile
• gradient 0.0 min 5% B ⁇ 0.2 min 5% B ⁇ 1.6 min 98% B ⁇ 1.9 min 98% B ⁇ 2.0 min 5% B ⁇ 2.2 min 5% B
• flow rate 3.5 ml/min
• UV detection 210-380 nm.
• Example 5B (5-Chloro-2- methoxy-phenyl)- hydrazine hydrochloride (commercial from ACB Blocks Ltd., Moscow, Russia) 1.27 (Method 1) 249/251 (Cl) (M + H) +
• Example 5C (2-Chloro-5- fluoro-phenyl)- hydrazine hydrochloride (commercial from Apollo Scientific, Cheshire, UK) 1.13 (Method 1) 237/239 (Cl) (M + H) +
• Example 5D (2,4-Difluoro- phenyl) hydrazine hydrochloride 1.05 (Method 1) 221 (M + H) +
• Example 5E (5-Fluoro-2- methyl-phenyl)- hydrazine hydrochloride 1.18 (Method 1) 217 (M + H) +
• Example 5F (2-Chloro-5- fluoro-phenyl)- hydrazine hydrochloride
• Example 3A 1.32 (Method 1) 297/299/ 301 (Br, Cl) (M + H) + Ex- ample 6C
• Example 2B 1.31 (Method 1) 281/283 (Br) (M + H) + Ex- ample 6D
• Example 3B 1.34 (Method 1) 297/299/ 301 (Br, Cl) (M + H) + Ex- ample 6E
• Example 2C 1.18 (Method 1) 281/283 (Br) (M + H) + Ex- ample 6F
• Example 2D 1.25 (Method 1) 277/279 (Br) (M + H) + Ex- ample 6G
• Example 2D 1.32 (Method 1) 234/236 (Cl) (M + H) + Ex- ample 6H
• Example 2E 1.17 (Method 1) 217 (M + H) + Ex- ample 6I
• Example 2F 1.33 (Method 1) 263/265 (Cl)
• Example 7B Example 4B 1.12 (Method Grad_C18_acidic) 204 (M + H) + ESI
• Example 7C Example 4C 3.50 (Method 1E) 186 (M + H) + APCI
• Example 7D 3,5-Difluoro- 2hydrazinopyridine (Apollo Scientific Fluorine Chemicals) 2.22 (Method Grad_C8_NH4COOH) 221 (M + H) + ESI
• Example 8B Example 5B 1.05 (Method 1) 267/269 (Cl) (M + H) + Example 8C Example 5C 0.94 (Method 1) 255/257 (Cl) (M + H) + Example 8D
• Example 8F Example 6D 1.08 (Method 1) 315/317/319 (Br, Cl) (M + H) + Example 8G
• Example 6F 1.06 Methodhod 1) 295/297 (Br) (M + H) + Example 8I
• example 8 AD 0.90 g of example 8 AD (3.50 mmol) were dissolved in 20 mL ethanol and 12 mL 2N NaOH solution was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The precipitate forming was filtered off and dried to give 0.60 g (70%) of example 8AG.
• example 8R 0.25 g of example 8R (0.89 mmol) were dissolved in 2 mL dichloromethane and 2.5 mL BBr3 solution (1M in THF) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. Standard aqueous work up afforded 0.10 g (44%) of example 8AH.
• example 8AE (19.0 mmol) were dissolved in 500 mL methanol and 1.0 g PD/C (10%) was added. The mixture was hydrogenated at room temperature for 4 h at 60 psi hydrogen pressure. Filtration and concentration afforded 4.06 g (98%) of example 8 AI.
• Example 9B Example 7C 0.61 (Method GRAD_C8_NH 4 COOH) 204 (M + H) + ESI pos
• Example 9C Example 7A 3.72 (Method 1E) 272 (M + H) + APCI
• Example 9D Example 7D 1.69 ((Method GRAD_C8_NH4COOH)) 240 (M + H) + ESI
• Example 10A was synthesized in analogy to example 3 using example 8V as starting material.
• Example 8C 1.60 (Method 1) 439/441 (Cl) (M + H) +
• Example 6 Example 8D 1.72 (Method 1) 499/501/503 (Br, Cl) (M + H) +
• Example 7 Example 8E 1.61 (Method 1) 483/485 (Br) (M + H) +
• Example 8G 1.68 (Method 1) 483/485 (Br) (M + H) +
• Example 10 Example 8H 1.65 (Method 1) 479/481 (Br) (M + H) +
• Example 11 Example 8I 1.66 (Method 1) 405 (M + H) +
• Example 12 Example 8J 1.48 (Method 2)
• example 30-5 was synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 3, using example 8AI as starting material.
• example 10A 0.02 g (0.043 mmol) of example 10A were dissolved in 1.0 ml of BBr 3 and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Water was added and the resulting slurry extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase was separated, dried and evaporated to dryness to yield 18.2 mg (54% of theory) of the product as a colourless solid.
• Example 9C (0.15 g; 0.65 mmol) was suspended in a 50 ml flask with polyphosphoric acid (1 g) and 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylacetic acid (428 mg; 1.94 mmol). The mixture, under mechanic stirring, was heated at 120° C. during 24 hours and the temperature was then lowered at room temperature, water was added (10 ml) and pH value was adjusted to 7 by addition of NH 4 OH (30% solution). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (2 ⁇ 20 ml) and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulphate. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography. Eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate 30/70.
• Example 9B 7.35 (Method 1E) 388 (M + H) + Example 34
• Example 9A 6.93 (Method 1D) 406 (M + H) + Example 39
• Example 38 Example 30-1 1.37 (Method 1) 500 (M + H) +

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Neurology (AREA)
• Neurosurgery (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Obesity (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Endocrinology (AREA)
• Psychology (AREA)
• Psychiatry (AREA)
• Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
• Reproductive Health (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
• Anesthesiology (AREA)
• Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
• Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=40325809

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (30)

Citations (176)

• 2008
  • 2008-11-27 PE PE2008001989A patent/PE20091211A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-11-27 JP JP2010535382A patent/JP5498392B2/ja active Active
  • 2008-11-27 WO PCT/EP2008/066350 patent/WO2009068617A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2008-11-27 EP EP08855654.3A patent/EP2217602B1/en active Active
  • 2008-11-27 CA CA2706018A patent/CA2706018C/en active Active
  • 2008-11-27 US US12/744,750 patent/US8648085B2/en active Active
  • 2008-11-28 TW TW097146472A patent/TW200938545A/zh unknown
  • 2008-11-28 AR ARP080105225A patent/AR069512A1/es unknown
  • 2008-11-28 UY UY31497A patent/UY31497A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-11-28 CL CL2008003575A patent/CL2008003575A1/es unknown

Patent Citations (267)