US833611A - Apparatus for making coke and gas. - Google Patents

Description

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F. LOGAN. v APPARATUS FOR MAKING COKE AND GAS.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIOE.

FERDINAND LOGAN, OF PHOENIXVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA. APPARATUS Fon MAKING. ooKE ANb G As'.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 16, 1906.

Appuaeon nea August 9,1906. swirl No. 829,891.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it knownvthat I, FERDINAND LOGAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Phoenixville, in the county of Chester and State oi Pennsylvania, have invented certain-new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Making Coke and Gas, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to coking apparatus; and one of the objects of the same 1s to provide an apparatus by means of which an economical and continuous process may be carried out for producing coke and saving the resultant gases.

Another object is toprovide an apparatus for carrying out a continuous and economical process of producing ahgh rade of coke, savlng the resultant gases, an enriching, fixing, and storing such gases for subsequent use for heating and lightlng urposes.

The ap aratus is il ustrated in the accompanying rawings, in which- Figure 1 isa front elevation of ,a pair of connected coke-ovens made in accordance with my invention and desi ned' to carry out the process hereinbefore re erred to. Fig. 2 is a vertical central lon itudinal section of the same looking from t e rear side of the ovens. Fig. 3 is a lan view of the same.

In the drawings, have illustrated a air of ovens pro erly connected by pipes; ut it will be un erstood that my inventlon contemplates the use of a series of such pairs of cokeovens connected by pipes and provided with suitable valves and cocks in order that communication may be established between any two or more of the ovens in the series for purposes which will be hereinafter set forth.

In said drawings, the numerals 1 2 designate a group consisting'of two ovens of the ordinary beehive type. These ovens are substantially identical in construction, and the grou shown in the drawings is a counterpart o the other groups in the series to be used in carrying out my continuous process. Hence a descri tion of one air will serve as a description or all. Eac consists of a metallic dome orjacket 3, lined with mineral Wool or other suitable non-conductin material 4 and having an inner layer of iirerick 5, While the outer side of the dome 3 is provided with a packing 6 of mineral wool or like material and an outer coverin of masonry-work 7.

T e ovens are supported upon a solid base 8 and each oven is provided at the top with a of these ovens charging-eye 9, an interior coke-chamber 10, and a door 11 to permit the removal'of the coke. The bottom 12 of the coke-chamber 10 is formed of fire-brick or other suitable material, and a number of perforations 13 are formed in this bottom for a purpose whlch will be hereinafter described.

, A steam-boiler of suitable ca aeity and of ordinary construction is locate at any suitable pomt near the ovens, and a steam-pipe 14 extends from the boiler along the front of the ovens, and said pipe is rovided with stop-cocks 15, one between eac K pair of ovens in the plant. Branch pipes 16 extend from the steam-pipe 14 into and ythrough the wall of each oven, said branch pipe terminating in the s ace between the base 8 and the perforate bottom 12 of the eoklng-chamber. An

pipe 17 extends from any suitable oil-suppl ly along in front of the ovens,

source o sup and branch plpes 18 pass throuvh the wall of each oven and communicate the coking.- chamber at a point above the char e. v

In order that the oil-supply may e'cut oi from any one of the ovens,-each branch ipe 18 is provided with a suitable sto -coc a, Fig. 3, while stop-cocks b are rovi ed in the branch pipes 16 to cut off t e steam from any one or more of the ovens, as will be readily understood. Stop-cocks are provided between ad'acent ovens in the steam-pipe 14, and simi ar stop-cocks 19 are provided in the oil-supply pipe 17 between.- contiguous ovens. At a point near the top of the ovens a gas-pipe 20 connects the ovens and establishes communication between all the ovens of' the plant and the gasometer, a valve 21 being provided in said pipe between adja' cent ovens. A pipe 22 establishes commuf nication between the upper portion of the ovens and at lan intermediate point is rovided with a suitable blower 23 and a coc or valve 24. f

The process to be carried out with this apparatus is as follows: The ovens are re1perly charged with bituminous coal an t e charge in one of each pair of ovens is ignited in any suitable manner, each oven being heated bya burning charge therein, the cocks and valves being closed to cut off communication with the other ovens of the series. The air necessary to support the combustion enters the opening 11 and forms a natural draft from this door to the outlet 9.-

IIO

ing off, the opening 11 and the hole 9 are l closed in oven 1, and the other ovens of the series are started in the same manner as the operating-oven of each pair. To--dene the process in connection with the two ovens shown, let it be assumed that the chargein oven 1 has been heatedfor a certain time before heat is applied to oven 2, communication being cut off between the ovens. When. oven 1 is in condition for cokingof-that is to say, when the incandescent charge has reached its highest temperature and the charge has been completely coked-the coking operation h'as been geing on in oven 2 for about one-'half the time required for coking off. The valve 21 is then opened to establish communication between the two ovens through ipe 20. Before the valve 24 is opened tiie said valve 21 is closed. The valve 24 may then be o ened and the blower 23 opened to draw t e gas from oven 2 through pipe 22 into oven land out through pipe 2O to the .gasometen The cock 15 in the steam-pipe is then opened, and steam, is forced under the perforated bottom in oven 12, the steam passlng u into the incandescent coke comminglin wit the gases conveyed from oveni 2 and t e gases driven off'from theincandescentbed of coke, thereby becoming thoroughly mixed and superheated in the upper portion of oven 1, the product thencebelng conveyed to the4 asometer through pipe 20. At this time if ound necessary the 011- cock 19 may be opened and a quantity ofoil 1 admittedinto oven; 1, where it 1s mixed with the gas and steam to enrich the gas product. In the .operation of the blower 23and the valves 21 and 24 it will be understood that the blower may be reversed lto serve either as a draft or suction device, and the valves may be either opened or closed, depending upon the direction in which it is desired to force the gases. After the coke in o ven 1 has becomecool and has been removed therefrom .the valves and cocks are closed, and the oven is recharged and i ited. When oveny 2 isin condition forco ing off, oven 1 has proceeded for about one-half the time re, quired for. coking off and then steam is afd mitted under the perforatedbottom Vof loven' 2 andthe cocksfand valves opened to dis.. charge the. gas from oven 2 into oven 1 inthe manner previously described. i

By way of example I-In'ay operate as fol-q lows: YLet it be assumed that after oven l-has been in o eration for about forty-eight'hours, during which time the Outlet at the top for the blast has been o en and the charge is in-a, high state of incan scence, I am then ready to make'gasland then coke ol"that is, cooll off the incandescent charge or body and drive off all the'` gasesitherefrom in order to; produce the coke product-while oven 2 has 'ehn 'in'operation for'l about twenty-four -then be o ened for about thirty minutes to permit the ighly-heated gas -from oven 1 to expand` and pass into oven-2 or to permit the contents of the two ovens to commingle,

thoroughly mix, superheat, and x the gas.

Valve 21 may then be closed, Vvalve 24 opened, and the fan 23 operated to draw the commingled gas by suctlon from oven 2 to oven 1 and force it fout through pipe 20 to the gasometer. Steam may then be admitted under the gratevbar of oven 1 to drivev 0E the gases romthe incandescent char e to make wateras and to coolthe hot co e or lcoke olf, an if it is desired to enrich the gasthe oil-supply) valves a are opened. When the gas has een forced `from oven 1 and the charge has become cool by the actionof the steam and all the valves are closed, the coke product may be removed and the oven` may e recharged and ignited. The time consumed inthe process of driving out the as, cool off, and remove the coke product, am? recharging the oven may be from thirty minutes to an hour, and hence-if oven 2 is 1n condition for coking 4or'f in twenty-three hours after oven 1 has been rechargedand ignited then the gas from oven 2 is `perrnitted to Iblow into oven land is driven off to the gasometer by the f an in the same manner previously described.

It will be understood, ofcourse, that the times necessary to reach the gas-making stage may vary considerably,` de ending upon'the character of the coal used, the char- .acter of coke to be produced, and the kind of gas it may be desired to make. The process may then be made continuous, as there .will

The object of forcing t e as 'wh1c arises from the oven which is rea y for co off -into the oven which hasnot yetv reache its IIO highest temperatureis to superheat and lix the ,entire product of the two ovens, and it has been found in practice that this procedure insures a non condensable as product. Moreover, the commin 't of t e gases arising from two ovens under iierent de ees of heat saves certain gases whichwoul other# wise go to waste through the outlet with the gaseous vapors from the oven of lower temperature.

It will be understood that when thesteam is projected under the, erforated bottom of thefoven 'at the time o coking oisaid oven is closed to the outer air in order that all of the gaseousvapors remaining 1n the bed of coke may be drlventherefrorn inte then per Aportion of the oven land are, allowed tot oroug'hly commingle and mix with the :gas'from another oven and be su erheated and conveyed to a gasometer, t e latter being connected to each oven through the pipe 20, and the gas passing to the gasometer througlh pipes 20 in the direction indicated by t e arrow at the ri ht of Fig. 1. This gasometer may be locate at any convenient oint from whlch the as may be led to the il uminating system, if esired. Each air of ovens being connected b the contro able pipe or connection 22, t e gas may pass (when the valve 24 is open) from one of the pair of ovens to the other, thereby ermitting of the-injecting of the gas from le coking-oven to the oven ready for coking off. at the time when the formation of the water-gas is to take place, thereb combining the results of both ovens, the va ve 24 being closed excepting during this particular period. By injecting steam beneath a perforated bottom and in a closed oven the noxious gases also are removed from the coke-b ed and are utilized as constituents in the nal gas roduct. Moreover, the steam serves to coo the coke and does not cause it to disintegrate or break up into small particles as to materially reduce its value and cause more -or less waste of the coke product. What I desire to secure by Letters Patent and claim is v 1. In combination, a plurality of cokeovens, each having steam-inlets below said bottom, a pi e establishing communication between t e ovens and provided with valves intermediate the ovens, and a 'valved pipe communicating with the ovens and provided with a fan for withdrawing the gas.

2. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a plurality of -ovens provided with grates and with means for admitting steam under their grates and oil above their grates, a valved ipe extending through the upper walls op said ovens, and a pipe communicating with the ovens ani having an intermediate suction-fan and va ve.

FERDINAND' LOGAN.

a perforated bottom,

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