US3793004A - Method for treating zinc cadmium lead and tin dross - Google Patents
Method for treating zinc cadmium lead and tin dross Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3793004A US3793004A US00147230A US3793004DA US3793004A US 3793004 A US3793004 A US 3793004A US 00147230 A US00147230 A US 00147230A US 3793004D A US3793004D A US 3793004DA US 3793004 A US3793004 A US 3793004A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chloride
- salt
- metal
- sodium
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 8
- BLXAFHJYLUNBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pb].[Cd].[Zn] Chemical compound [Pb].[Cd].[Zn] BLXAFHJYLUNBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical group [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001617 alkaline earth metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XIUMQSREFXCDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-L S(=O)(=O)([O-])O.[Na+].[Cl-].[Na+] Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)([O-])O.[Na+].[Cl-].[Na+] XIUMQSREFXCDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkaline earth metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XEPNJJFNSJKTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;zinc;chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-].[Zn] XEPNJJFNSJKTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical class [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CTSXWPGVIIYXIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Cl-].[Mg+2] Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Cl-].[Mg+2] CTSXWPGVIIYXIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Drossing fluxes for zinc, lead or tin comprise a salt of a sulphur or phosphorus acid which contains hydrogen in the anion, and either an alkali metal chloride or an alkaline earth metal chloride.
Description
United States Patent Boddey et al. Feb. 19, 1974 METHOD FOR TREATING ZINC [56] References Cited CAPMIUM LEAD AND N "ROSS FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS [75] inventors: Ronald Frederick Boddey; lan 18,601,507 6/1960 Great Britain 75/78 James, both of Nechells, England [731 Assignee: Tosecointernafiofial [15mm y Bizot Birmingham, England Assistant Examiner-M. J. Andrews Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Wolfe, Hubbard, Leydig, [22] Filed: May 26, 1971 v i and Osann [21] Appl. No.: 147,230
57 ABSTRACT 0] e g Appl ion Pri ri y Data Dressing fluxes for zinc, lead or tin comprise a salt of June 9, 1970 Great Britain 27885/70 a sulphur or phosphorus acid which contains hydrogen in the anion, and either an alkali metal chloride or an [52] U.S. Cl 75/71, 75/77, 75/85, lin ar h me l hlorid I 7 75/86, 75/93 R, 75/24 [51] Int. Cl CZZb 17/00 [58] Field of Search 75/24, 71, 77-79, 7 Claim" Dram 75/85-88, 93 R, 93 AB, 93 AC, 93 AD, 93 DA, 93 G, 94; 148/23; 164/55-56 This invention relates to fiuxing agents for metals and more particularly to fluxing agents for molten zinc, cadmium, lead and tin and alloys of any of these.
The metals zinc, cadmium, lead and tin readily combine with oxygen so that, on exposure to the atmosphere the surface of the molten metal will become coated with a film of the oxide of the metal. These oxide films are wetted by the molten metal and, as a result of turbulence commonly occurring in the handling of the molten metal, a dross is formed on the surface of the metal which consists essentially of intimately associated metal and oxide. It is necessary in order to secure high quality cast products from'the molten metal that the dross should be removed from the molten =metal but this in fact is a difficult operation to effect satisfactorily, is time consuming, and represents, because of the high metal content of the dross, a substantial economic loss. 7
It is accordingly customary to add to the metal bath a fiuxing agent usually referred to as a drossing flux. Basically these fluxing agents have some solvent action on, or react with, the metal oxides and thus release from the dross a proportion of the entrapped metal. The action of the fluxing agent is often exothermic and so contributes to the release of the metal in molten condition so that it can flow back to the main body of the molten metal. The residue left on the surface of the molten metal is then, optimally, a dry powder of very low metal content.
The most commonly used drossing fluxes for zinc, cadmium, lead, tin and their alloys, rely on reactions involving the formation of hydrochloric acid and oxychlorides, and it is principally by this means that successful metal/oxide separation is achieved. Suitable fluxing materials are for example ammonium .chloride, zinc ammonium chloride and zinc chloride and whilst these are highly effective, they suffer from the serious disadvantage of producing copious fume at operating temperature. This fume is obnoxious and sometimes injurious to health.
Since the fume evolved usually contains a proportion of the fluxing agent itself an excessive generation of fume usually indicates an inefficient utilisation of the fluxing agent.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a new flux composition for theaforesaid metals, and a new process of treating drosses of such metals by means of such flux compositions, which avoids or minimises the generation 'of fume and is thus of greater efficiency.
According to the present invention there is provided a method for the treatment of drosses on molten metal, the metal being zinc, cadmium, lead, tin or an alloy of any of these, which comprises adding to the dross a flux composition comprising a salt of a sulphur acid or a phosphorus acid which contains hydrogen in the anion, and an alkali metal chloride or alkaline earth metal chloride. Preferably the cation of the said. salt is an alkali metal or (where the acid contains three or more hydrogens) an alkaline earth metal. Salts'containing hydrogen in the anion are generally called acid salts and are so referred to herein.
A preferred flux composition comprises an alkali metal bisulphate or an alkaline earth metal hydrogen 2 phosphate and an alkali metal chloride. Whilst the alkali metal may be sodium, potassium or any other alkali metal it is usually preferable on grounds of economy alone, to use the sodium salts. Where an alkaline earth' metal salt is used the cation is preferably calcium. The salts of the flux composition of this invention react together by metathesis to yield an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of the acid, free from hydrogen in the anion, and hydrogen chloride, the latter of which acts as the effective fiuxing agent. It is found that the hydrogen chloride is generated by the aforesaid reactions at rates comparable to that at which it is used up in the fiuxing action, so that there is little or no tendency to generate excessive fume.
Preferred admixtures according to the present invention are -(a) sodium bisulphate and sodium chloride, and (b) one or more calcium hydrogen phosphates, for instance in the form of calcium superphosphate (a mixture containing calcium hydrogen phosphates) and sodium chloride. l
The weight ratio of said acid salt to chloride salt is preferably between 0.5:1 and 9:1, and these materials may form the whole or part of the flux composition. Where they form only part of the composition the remaining ingredients may be conventional fluxing material, such as ammonium chloride, zinc ammonium chloride or zinc chloride or may be relatively inert carbonaceous materials such as coke, wood flour or silicious materials in a finely divided state. The inert materials act as reaction regulators or inspissators.
If desired there may also be included in the flux com- ;position ingredients which, at the temperature of the molten metal, will promote exothermic reaction between the flux and the molten metal. Such materials are, for example, fuels, oxidising agents and fluorides as commonly used in exothermic compositions.
Since the essential ingredients of the flux compositions of the present invention (acid salts of sulphur and phosphorus acids, and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chloride) may be inter-reactive there may be some tendency for such interreaction to take place after the mixing of the flux components but before the flux is put to use. To guard against this one or both of the active substances may be in the form of granules or particles coated with a protective layer, e.g., of a filmforming material such as a drying oil, fuel oil, lubricating oil, stearic acid or other high molecular weight fatty acid, or a wax or natural or synthetic resin. Methods of encapsulating particles in a protective sheath are well known per se. If the technique of preventing such interreaction just described is not employed it may be preferable to add the acid salt and chloride separately to the dross at the time of use, and to mix them by rabbling them into the dross.
The invention includes not only the method defined above'but also new fluxing compositions which comprise an acid salt of a sulphur acid or a phosphorus acid containing hydrogen in the anion and an alkali or alkaline earth metal chloride together with one or more further fiuxing agents and/or one or more inert solid diluents. The invention also includes new fluxing compositions in which at least one of the active constituents, i.e., the acid salt or the chloride, is provided with a protective coating to inhibit or reduce the tendency of the two sets of particles to chemically interact.
The following examples will serve to illustrate the invention:
EXAMPLE I Sodium bisulphate Sodium chloride 70 parts by weight 30 parts by weight EXAMPLE 2 Closely similar results were obtained using a fluxing composition comprising:
70 parts by weight Calcium superphosphate 30 parts by weight Sodium chloride in a similar proportion relative to the metal.
EXAMPLES 3 AND 4 Closely similar results were obtained using a mixture of:
Sodium bisulphate Sodium chloride 80 parts by weight 20 parts by weight and using a mixture of:
90 parts by weight Calcium superphosphate 10 parts by weight Sodium chloride EXAMPLES 5 AND 6 Further effective fluxing mixtures are:
Sodium bisulphate 40 parts by weight 20 parts by weight 15 parts by weight 25 parts by weight Sodium chloride Granulated chamotte Magnesium chloride and 45 parts by weight 15 parts by weight 20 parts by weight 15 parts by weight 5 parts by weight Calcium superphosphate Sodium chloride Granulated coke Magnesium chloride Sodium Nitrate We claim as our invention:
1. A method for treating the dross layer containing material which collects on the exposed surface of a molten metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, cadmium, lead, tin and alloys thereof which comprises adding to the dross a flux composition consisting essentially of (a) at least one salt of sulphur acids containing hydrogen in the anion and (b) at least one chloride selected from the group consisting of alkali metals chlorides and alkaline earth metal chlorides, the weight ratio of said salt to said chloride being in the range of 0.5:1 to 9:1, in an amount sufficient to release at least a portion of the metal from the dross layer.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the cation of said salt is a member selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the cation of said salt is sodium.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the cation of said salt is calcium.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the cation of the chloride is sodium.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the salt is sodium bisulphate and the chloride is sodium chloride.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one of said salt and said chloride consists of particles having a protective coating thereon of a material selected from the group consisting of oils, fatty acids, waxes and natural and synthetic resins.
Claims (6)
- 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the cation of said salt is a member selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
- 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the cation of said salt is sodium.
- 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the cation of said salt is calcium.
- 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the cation of the chloride is sodium.
- 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the salt is sodium bisulphate and the chloride is sodium chloride.
- 7. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one of said salt and said chloride consists of particles having a protective coating thereon of a material selected from the group consisting of oils, fatty acids, waxes and natural and synthetic resins.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2788570 | 1970-06-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3793004A true US3793004A (en) | 1974-02-19 |
Family
ID=10266859
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00147230A Expired - Lifetime US3793004A (en) | 1970-06-09 | 1971-05-26 | Method for treating zinc cadmium lead and tin dross |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3793004A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA941169A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100132508A1 (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2010-06-03 | Miguel Pizzuto | Process for separating and refining impurities from lead bullion |
| US20100229686A1 (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2010-09-16 | Stannum Group LLC | Process for refining lead bullion |
| US8105416B1 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2012-01-31 | Stannum Group LLC | Method for reclaiming lead |
| EP4192992A4 (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2025-01-15 | Pyrotek, Inc. | Multi-component flux |
-
1971
- 1971-05-26 US US00147230A patent/US3793004A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-06-08 CA CA115,093A patent/CA941169A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100132508A1 (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2010-06-03 | Miguel Pizzuto | Process for separating and refining impurities from lead bullion |
| US20100229686A1 (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2010-09-16 | Stannum Group LLC | Process for refining lead bullion |
| US8211207B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2012-07-03 | Stannum Group LLC | Process for refining lead bullion |
| US8500845B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2013-08-06 | Stannum Group LLC | Process for refining lead bullion |
| US8105416B1 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2012-01-31 | Stannum Group LLC | Method for reclaiming lead |
| US8454722B2 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2013-06-04 | Stannum Group LLC | Method for reclaiming lead |
| EP4192992A4 (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2025-01-15 | Pyrotek, Inc. | Multi-component flux |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA941169A (en) | 1974-02-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE3485950T2 (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING NEODYM ALLOYS. | |
| US2848321A (en) | Drossing fluxes | |
| US3793004A (en) | Method for treating zinc cadmium lead and tin dross | |
| US2072067A (en) | Method of preparing beryllium alloys | |
| US3748121A (en) | Treatment of molten ferrous metals | |
| US3512959A (en) | Method of preparing melts of zinc base alloys and improved flux therefor | |
| US1975084A (en) | Composition of matter and process of treating molten metals | |
| US3104996A (en) | Exothermic alloying composition for addition to molten steel | |
| US3464816A (en) | Aluminum master alloys | |
| US2243786A (en) | Metallurgy | |
| US2825793A (en) | Welding rod and method of welding | |
| US2448993A (en) | Grain refining magnesium alloys | |
| SU1255058A3 (en) | Method of introducing manganese into tank of magnesium melt | |
| US1698647A (en) | Purification of magnesium and its alloys | |
| US3861455A (en) | Method of investment casting a bright gold alloy | |
| US2604394A (en) | Magnesium base alloys | |
| GB1564921A (en) | Introduction of magnesium to molten iron | |
| US1377374A (en) | Manganese-magnesium alloy and method of making same | |
| US2362202A (en) | Separation of copper from zinc | |
| US3854935A (en) | Grain refining compositions and method of refining aluminum therewith | |
| US3033672A (en) | Welding material and method of welding | |
| US2849308A (en) | Flux composition and method for treating uranium-containing metal | |
| US3318684A (en) | Method for producing spheroidal aluminum particles | |
| US1421471A (en) | Metal compound powder and process for the production of the same | |
| US2497529A (en) | Process for production of magnesium base alloys containing zirconium |