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US2848321A - Drossing fluxes - Google Patents

Drossing fluxes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2848321A
US2848321A US631454A US63145456A US2848321A US 2848321 A US2848321 A US 2848321A US 631454 A US631454 A US 631454A US 63145456 A US63145456 A US 63145456A US 2848321 A US2848321 A US 2848321A
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Prior art keywords
aluminium
drossing
flux
alloys
magnesium
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US631454A
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Bunbury Frederick Molesworth
Pursall Francis Walter
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Foundry Services Ltd
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Foundry Services Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the melting of metals and is more particularly concerned with improvements in drossing fluxes for use in the melting of light alloys, e. g. alloys containing aluminium, magnesium and other metals of low melting point.
  • the most satisfactory fluxes known for this purpose are based upon fluorides.
  • the fluorides enable the fine aluminium particles in the dross to ignite with the evolution of heat. This exothermic reaction, coupled with the presence of fluoride salts from the flux, enables the metal particles to coalesce, so that they separate back into the metal bath from the dross.
  • a drossing flux for use with light metals comprises a fluoride and aluminium in fine particulate form in quantity sufficient to lower the temperature of the exothermic reaction between the flux and the dross.
  • Any of the fluorides commonly employed in drossing fluxes may be employed, e. g. alkali metal fluorides, calcium fluoride, sodium aluminium fluoride, potassium aluminium fluoride, sodium borofluoride, potassium borofluoride and alkali metal silico-fluorides.
  • the flux may advantageously contain other fluxing salts in addition, e. g. sodium or potassium sulphates or chlorides.
  • Percent Fine aluminium powder (minus 300 mesh) 3
  • Various fluorides including cryolite and sodium silicofluoride (sodium chloride and sulphate) 35 Inorganic salts 62
  • the invention includes not only the drossing fluxes hereinbefore set forth but also a method of treating light metals and alloys thereof which comprises adding to the molten light metal a drossing flux as set forth.
  • a drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 200 mesh and a fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
  • a drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and a fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
  • a drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and sodium aluminium fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
  • a drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and alkali silico fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
  • a method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminum, magnesium and alloys of ither which comprises adding to the molten metal a 2,578,977 Lytle Dec. 18, 1951 dressing flux as claimed in claim 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 0 DROSSING FLUXES Frederick Molesworth Bunbury and Francis Walter Pursall, Birmingham, England, assiguors to Foundry Services Limited, Birmingham, England, a British com- P y No Drawing. Application December 31, 1956 Serial No. 631,454
Claims priority, application Great Britain January 2, 1956 10 Claims. (Cl. 75-94) The present invention relates to the melting of metals and is more particularly concerned with improvements in drossing fluxes for use in the melting of light alloys, e. g. alloys containing aluminium, magnesium and other metals of low melting point.
During the melting of light alloys, particularly those based upon or containing a substantial proportion of aluminium, the molten metal surface becomes covered with a powdered mixture of oxides and entrapped globules of metal. This mixture, which is known as dross, has to be skimmed from the metal surface prior to casting and can constitute a serious loss of metal since it often contains as much as 50 to 70% of metal particles. Consequently, efforts have been made to develop fluxes which enable the separation of the metal from the oxide in the dross prior to skimming.
The most satisfactory fluxes known for this purpose are based upon fluorides. The fluorides enable the fine aluminium particles in the dross to ignite with the evolution of heat. This exothermic reaction, coupled with the presence of fluoride salts from the flux, enables the metal particles to coalesce, so that they separate back into the metal bath from the dross.
This evolution of heat requires an intimate mixing or rabbling of the flux into the dross, and even then it is diflicult to obtain an exothermic reaction at temperatures below about 750 C. For die casting work, particularly pressure die casting, where temperatures of about 600 C. are quite usual, the temperature is not sufficiently high to enable ignition of the fine metal particles in the dross to take place.
It is an object of the present invention to produce a satisfactory exothermic reaction at low temperatures and to overcome the necessity for excessive rabbling of the flux into the dross with consequent fatigue upon operators.
According to the present invention, a drossing flux for use with light metals comprises a fluoride and aluminium in fine particulate form in quantity sufficient to lower the temperature of the exothermic reaction between the flux and the dross. Any of the fluorides commonly employed in drossing fluxes may be employed, e. g. alkali metal fluorides, calcium fluoride, sodium aluminium fluoride, potassium aluminium fluoride, sodium borofluoride, potassium borofluoride and alkali metal silico-fluorides. The flux may advantageously contain other fluxing salts in addition, e. g. sodium or potassium sulphates or chlorides.
It has been found that fine aluminium powder of approximately minus 300 mesh size, available commercially as aluminium paint powder, enables a good reaction to be obtained in a dross at about 600 C. even when only about 3% of the paint powder is incorporated into the fluoride-containing flux. This same flux without the aluminium powder only reacts at about 700 C.
It has also been found that coarser particles of aluminium powder can give satisfactory results but somewhat larger quantities are required and the reaction temperature is not reduced to such a marked extent. For example the incorporation of 15% of a blown aluminium powder Example The following flux has been found to give satisfactory separation of metal from dross produced in melting aluminium alloys:
Percent Fine aluminium powder (minus 300 mesh) 3 Various fluorides, including cryolite and sodium silicofluoride (sodium chloride and sulphate) 35 Inorganic salts 62 It will be understood that the invention includes not only the drossing fluxes hereinbefore set forth but also a method of treating light metals and alloys thereof which comprises adding to the molten light metal a drossing flux as set forth.
What we claim is:
l. A drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 200 mesh and a fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
2. A drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and a fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
3. A drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and sodium aluminium fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
4. A drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and alkali silico fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
5. A drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh a fluoride and a fluxing salt selected from the class consisting of sodium and potassium chlorides and sulphates and mixtures thereof, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
6. A method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises adding to the molten metal a drossing flux as claimed in claim 1.
7. A method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises adding to the molten metal a drossing flux as claimed in claim 2.
8. A method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises adding to the molten metal a drossing flux as claimed in claim 3.
9. A method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises adding to the molten metal a drossing flux as claimed in claim 4.
10. A method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminum, magnesium and alloys of ither, which comprises adding to the molten metal a 2,578,977 Lytle Dec. 18, 1951 dressing flux as claimed in claim 5. 2,591,105 Strauss et al. Apr. 1, 1952 f 2,760,859 Graf Aug. 28, 1956 Zififififili 1028 216 H E t T N J 4 1912 5 247,149 Great Britain Feb. s, 1925 omane a. une 1,066,833 McClenahan July 8, 1913 OTHER REFERENCES 2,162,938 Comstock et al. June 20, 1939 Journal of the Institute of Metals, vol. 75, part 6, 194-9,
2,490,327 Sotfel Dec. 6, 1949 10 page 470, Emleys article.

Claims (1)

  1. 2. A DROSSING FLUX FOR USE WITH LIGHT METALS SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF ALUMINIUM, MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS OF EITHER, WHICH COMPRISES ALUMINIUM OF PARTICLE SIZE MINUS 300 MESH AND A FLUORIDE, THE INGREDIENTS OF THE COMPOSITION NOT BEING OF THEMSELVES EXOTHERMICALLY REACTIVE WITH ONE ANOTHER.
US631454A 1956-01-02 1956-12-31 Drossing fluxes Expired - Lifetime US2848321A (en)

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3025153A (en) * 1959-01-21 1962-03-13 Foundry Services Int Ltd Heat-producing mixtures
US3043678A (en) * 1959-08-12 1962-07-10 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Reclamation of metallic values from aluminous dross
US3068092A (en) * 1959-11-18 1962-12-11 Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa Process for the recovery of aluminum from aluminum-aluminum carbide mixtures
US3069240A (en) * 1958-01-24 1962-12-18 Electro Chimie Metal Method of obtaining pure silicon by fractional crystallization
US3104996A (en) * 1958-11-10 1963-09-24 Foseco Int Exothermic alloying composition for addition to molten steel
US3149007A (en) * 1962-05-14 1964-09-15 Handy & Harman Brazing compositions
US3151980A (en) * 1962-01-10 1964-10-06 Metallgesellschaft Ag Process for improving aluminum silicon alloys
US3153602A (en) * 1961-07-11 1964-10-20 Foseco Int Treatment of vessels used for holding molten aluminum metal
US3249425A (en) * 1964-08-17 1966-05-03 Joseph R Mares Process for freeze-refining a metal
US3322535A (en) * 1965-06-01 1967-05-30 Mallory & Co Inc P R Addition agents for exothermic sintering processes
US3418145A (en) * 1963-12-02 1968-12-24 United Aircraft Corp Coating composition comprising aluminum and metal fluorides
US3436212A (en) * 1966-11-22 1969-04-01 Aluminum Co Of America Flux for treating aluminum
US3620716A (en) * 1969-05-27 1971-11-16 Aluminum Co Of America Magnesium removal from aluminum alloy scrap
US3941588A (en) * 1974-02-11 1976-03-02 Foote Mineral Company Compositions for alloying metal
US4060406A (en) * 1975-07-16 1977-11-29 Foseco International Limited Arc steelmaking
US4735652A (en) * 1986-11-17 1988-04-05 Gte Products Corporation Process for producing agglomerates of aluminum based material
US4861370A (en) * 1988-04-13 1989-08-29 Ashland Oil, Inc. Process for treating molten aluminum alloy with powdered flux
RU2244754C1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-01-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Чепецкий механический завод" (ОАО ЧМЗ) Method for production of exothermal mixture for steel treatment in liquid state

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1028216A (en) * 1910-06-08 1912-06-04 Griesheim Elektron Chem Fab Melting and casting magnesium and alloys thereof.
US1066833A (en) * 1913-04-17 1913-07-08 Francis Mitchell Mcclenahan Method of smelting iron ores.
GB247149A (en) * 1925-02-05 1926-03-04 Gilbert Michel Improvements in manufacture of magnesium and its alloys
US2162938A (en) * 1936-04-10 1939-06-20 Titanium Alloy Mfg Co Granular aluminum and method of making the same
US2490327A (en) * 1947-10-14 1949-12-06 Peter J Soffel Exothermically reactive mold insert
US2578977A (en) * 1950-03-10 1951-12-18 Tennessee Coal Iron And Railro Method and composition for reducing the amount of dross floating on spelter bath
US2591105A (en) * 1947-08-19 1952-04-01 Foundry Services Ltd Exothermically reacting sleeve for risers
US2760859A (en) * 1952-09-10 1956-08-28 Edward H Graf Metallurgical flux compositions

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1028216A (en) * 1910-06-08 1912-06-04 Griesheim Elektron Chem Fab Melting and casting magnesium and alloys thereof.
US1066833A (en) * 1913-04-17 1913-07-08 Francis Mitchell Mcclenahan Method of smelting iron ores.
GB247149A (en) * 1925-02-05 1926-03-04 Gilbert Michel Improvements in manufacture of magnesium and its alloys
US2162938A (en) * 1936-04-10 1939-06-20 Titanium Alloy Mfg Co Granular aluminum and method of making the same
US2591105A (en) * 1947-08-19 1952-04-01 Foundry Services Ltd Exothermically reacting sleeve for risers
US2490327A (en) * 1947-10-14 1949-12-06 Peter J Soffel Exothermically reactive mold insert
US2578977A (en) * 1950-03-10 1951-12-18 Tennessee Coal Iron And Railro Method and composition for reducing the amount of dross floating on spelter bath
US2760859A (en) * 1952-09-10 1956-08-28 Edward H Graf Metallurgical flux compositions

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3069240A (en) * 1958-01-24 1962-12-18 Electro Chimie Metal Method of obtaining pure silicon by fractional crystallization
US3104996A (en) * 1958-11-10 1963-09-24 Foseco Int Exothermic alloying composition for addition to molten steel
US3025153A (en) * 1959-01-21 1962-03-13 Foundry Services Int Ltd Heat-producing mixtures
US3043678A (en) * 1959-08-12 1962-07-10 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Reclamation of metallic values from aluminous dross
US3068092A (en) * 1959-11-18 1962-12-11 Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa Process for the recovery of aluminum from aluminum-aluminum carbide mixtures
US3153602A (en) * 1961-07-11 1964-10-20 Foseco Int Treatment of vessels used for holding molten aluminum metal
US3151980A (en) * 1962-01-10 1964-10-06 Metallgesellschaft Ag Process for improving aluminum silicon alloys
US3149007A (en) * 1962-05-14 1964-09-15 Handy & Harman Brazing compositions
US3418145A (en) * 1963-12-02 1968-12-24 United Aircraft Corp Coating composition comprising aluminum and metal fluorides
US3249425A (en) * 1964-08-17 1966-05-03 Joseph R Mares Process for freeze-refining a metal
US3322535A (en) * 1965-06-01 1967-05-30 Mallory & Co Inc P R Addition agents for exothermic sintering processes
US3436212A (en) * 1966-11-22 1969-04-01 Aluminum Co Of America Flux for treating aluminum
US3620716A (en) * 1969-05-27 1971-11-16 Aluminum Co Of America Magnesium removal from aluminum alloy scrap
US3941588A (en) * 1974-02-11 1976-03-02 Foote Mineral Company Compositions for alloying metal
US4060406A (en) * 1975-07-16 1977-11-29 Foseco International Limited Arc steelmaking
US4735652A (en) * 1986-11-17 1988-04-05 Gte Products Corporation Process for producing agglomerates of aluminum based material
US4861370A (en) * 1988-04-13 1989-08-29 Ashland Oil, Inc. Process for treating molten aluminum alloy with powdered flux
RU2244754C1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-01-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Чепецкий механический завод" (ОАО ЧМЗ) Method for production of exothermal mixture for steel treatment in liquid state

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