US2848321A - Drossing fluxes - Google Patents
Drossing fluxes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2848321A US2848321A US631454A US63145456A US2848321A US 2848321 A US2848321 A US 2848321A US 631454 A US631454 A US 631454A US 63145456 A US63145456 A US 63145456A US 2848321 A US2848321 A US 2848321A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminium
- drossing
- flux
- alloys
- magnesium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulphate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SKFYTVYMYJCRET-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium;tetrafluoroalumanuide Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Al+3].[K+] SKFYTVYMYJCRET-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the melting of metals and is more particularly concerned with improvements in drossing fluxes for use in the melting of light alloys, e. g. alloys containing aluminium, magnesium and other metals of low melting point.
- the most satisfactory fluxes known for this purpose are based upon fluorides.
- the fluorides enable the fine aluminium particles in the dross to ignite with the evolution of heat. This exothermic reaction, coupled with the presence of fluoride salts from the flux, enables the metal particles to coalesce, so that they separate back into the metal bath from the dross.
- a drossing flux for use with light metals comprises a fluoride and aluminium in fine particulate form in quantity sufficient to lower the temperature of the exothermic reaction between the flux and the dross.
- Any of the fluorides commonly employed in drossing fluxes may be employed, e. g. alkali metal fluorides, calcium fluoride, sodium aluminium fluoride, potassium aluminium fluoride, sodium borofluoride, potassium borofluoride and alkali metal silico-fluorides.
- the flux may advantageously contain other fluxing salts in addition, e. g. sodium or potassium sulphates or chlorides.
- Percent Fine aluminium powder (minus 300 mesh) 3
- Various fluorides including cryolite and sodium silicofluoride (sodium chloride and sulphate) 35 Inorganic salts 62
- the invention includes not only the drossing fluxes hereinbefore set forth but also a method of treating light metals and alloys thereof which comprises adding to the molten light metal a drossing flux as set forth.
- a drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 200 mesh and a fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
- a drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and a fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
- a drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and sodium aluminium fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
- a drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and alkali silico fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
- a method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminum, magnesium and alloys of ither which comprises adding to the molten metal a 2,578,977 Lytle Dec. 18, 1951 dressing flux as claimed in claim 5.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 0 DROSSING FLUXES Frederick Molesworth Bunbury and Francis Walter Pursall, Birmingham, England, assiguors to Foundry Services Limited, Birmingham, England, a British com- P y No Drawing. Application December 31, 1956 Serial No. 631,454
Claims priority, application Great Britain January 2, 1956 10 Claims. (Cl. 75-94) The present invention relates to the melting of metals and is more particularly concerned with improvements in drossing fluxes for use in the melting of light alloys, e. g. alloys containing aluminium, magnesium and other metals of low melting point.
During the melting of light alloys, particularly those based upon or containing a substantial proportion of aluminium, the molten metal surface becomes covered with a powdered mixture of oxides and entrapped globules of metal. This mixture, which is known as dross, has to be skimmed from the metal surface prior to casting and can constitute a serious loss of metal since it often contains as much as 50 to 70% of metal particles. Consequently, efforts have been made to develop fluxes which enable the separation of the metal from the oxide in the dross prior to skimming.
The most satisfactory fluxes known for this purpose are based upon fluorides. The fluorides enable the fine aluminium particles in the dross to ignite with the evolution of heat. This exothermic reaction, coupled with the presence of fluoride salts from the flux, enables the metal particles to coalesce, so that they separate back into the metal bath from the dross.
This evolution of heat requires an intimate mixing or rabbling of the flux into the dross, and even then it is diflicult to obtain an exothermic reaction at temperatures below about 750 C. For die casting work, particularly pressure die casting, where temperatures of about 600 C. are quite usual, the temperature is not sufficiently high to enable ignition of the fine metal particles in the dross to take place.
It is an object of the present invention to produce a satisfactory exothermic reaction at low temperatures and to overcome the necessity for excessive rabbling of the flux into the dross with consequent fatigue upon operators.
According to the present invention, a drossing flux for use with light metals comprises a fluoride and aluminium in fine particulate form in quantity sufficient to lower the temperature of the exothermic reaction between the flux and the dross. Any of the fluorides commonly employed in drossing fluxes may be employed, e. g. alkali metal fluorides, calcium fluoride, sodium aluminium fluoride, potassium aluminium fluoride, sodium borofluoride, potassium borofluoride and alkali metal silico-fluorides. The flux may advantageously contain other fluxing salts in addition, e. g. sodium or potassium sulphates or chlorides.
It has been found that fine aluminium powder of approximately minus 300 mesh size, available commercially as aluminium paint powder, enables a good reaction to be obtained in a dross at about 600 C. even when only about 3% of the paint powder is incorporated into the fluoride-containing flux. This same flux without the aluminium powder only reacts at about 700 C.
It has also been found that coarser particles of aluminium powder can give satisfactory results but somewhat larger quantities are required and the reaction temperature is not reduced to such a marked extent. For example the incorporation of 15% of a blown aluminium powder Example The following flux has been found to give satisfactory separation of metal from dross produced in melting aluminium alloys:
Percent Fine aluminium powder (minus 300 mesh) 3 Various fluorides, including cryolite and sodium silicofluoride (sodium chloride and sulphate) 35 Inorganic salts 62 It will be understood that the invention includes not only the drossing fluxes hereinbefore set forth but also a method of treating light metals and alloys thereof which comprises adding to the molten light metal a drossing flux as set forth.
What we claim is:
l. A drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 200 mesh and a fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
2. A drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and a fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
3. A drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and sodium aluminium fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
4. A drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh and alkali silico fluoride, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
5. A drossing flux for use with light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises aluminium of particle size minus 300 mesh a fluoride and a fluxing salt selected from the class consisting of sodium and potassium chlorides and sulphates and mixtures thereof, the ingredients of the composition not being of themselves exothermically reactive with one another.
6. A method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises adding to the molten metal a drossing flux as claimed in claim 1.
7. A method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises adding to the molten metal a drossing flux as claimed in claim 2.
8. A method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises adding to the molten metal a drossing flux as claimed in claim 3.
9. A method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminium, magnesium and alloys of either, which comprises adding to the molten metal a drossing flux as claimed in claim 4.
10. A method of treating light metals selected from the class consisting of aluminum, magnesium and alloys of ither, which comprises adding to the molten metal a 2,578,977 Lytle Dec. 18, 1951 dressing flux as claimed in claim 5. 2,591,105 Strauss et al. Apr. 1, 1952 f 2,760,859 Graf Aug. 28, 1956 Zififififili 1028 216 H E t T N J 4 1912 5 247,149 Great Britain Feb. s, 1925 omane a. une 1,066,833 McClenahan July 8, 1913 OTHER REFERENCES 2,162,938 Comstock et al. June 20, 1939 Journal of the Institute of Metals, vol. 75, part 6, 194-9,
2,490,327 Sotfel Dec. 6, 1949 10 page 470, Emleys article.
Claims (1)
- 2. A DROSSING FLUX FOR USE WITH LIGHT METALS SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF ALUMINIUM, MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS OF EITHER, WHICH COMPRISES ALUMINIUM OF PARTICLE SIZE MINUS 300 MESH AND A FLUORIDE, THE INGREDIENTS OF THE COMPOSITION NOT BEING OF THEMSELVES EXOTHERMICALLY REACTIVE WITH ONE ANOTHER.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2848321X | 1956-01-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2848321A true US2848321A (en) | 1958-08-19 |
Family
ID=10916459
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US631454A Expired - Lifetime US2848321A (en) | 1956-01-02 | 1956-12-31 | Drossing fluxes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2848321A (en) |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3025153A (en) * | 1959-01-21 | 1962-03-13 | Foundry Services Int Ltd | Heat-producing mixtures |
| US3043678A (en) * | 1959-08-12 | 1962-07-10 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Reclamation of metallic values from aluminous dross |
| US3068092A (en) * | 1959-11-18 | 1962-12-11 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Process for the recovery of aluminum from aluminum-aluminum carbide mixtures |
| US3069240A (en) * | 1958-01-24 | 1962-12-18 | Electro Chimie Metal | Method of obtaining pure silicon by fractional crystallization |
| US3104996A (en) * | 1958-11-10 | 1963-09-24 | Foseco Int | Exothermic alloying composition for addition to molten steel |
| US3149007A (en) * | 1962-05-14 | 1964-09-15 | Handy & Harman | Brazing compositions |
| US3151980A (en) * | 1962-01-10 | 1964-10-06 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for improving aluminum silicon alloys |
| US3153602A (en) * | 1961-07-11 | 1964-10-20 | Foseco Int | Treatment of vessels used for holding molten aluminum metal |
| US3249425A (en) * | 1964-08-17 | 1966-05-03 | Joseph R Mares | Process for freeze-refining a metal |
| US3322535A (en) * | 1965-06-01 | 1967-05-30 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Addition agents for exothermic sintering processes |
| US3418145A (en) * | 1963-12-02 | 1968-12-24 | United Aircraft Corp | Coating composition comprising aluminum and metal fluorides |
| US3436212A (en) * | 1966-11-22 | 1969-04-01 | Aluminum Co Of America | Flux for treating aluminum |
| US3620716A (en) * | 1969-05-27 | 1971-11-16 | Aluminum Co Of America | Magnesium removal from aluminum alloy scrap |
| US3941588A (en) * | 1974-02-11 | 1976-03-02 | Foote Mineral Company | Compositions for alloying metal |
| US4060406A (en) * | 1975-07-16 | 1977-11-29 | Foseco International Limited | Arc steelmaking |
| US4735652A (en) * | 1986-11-17 | 1988-04-05 | Gte Products Corporation | Process for producing agglomerates of aluminum based material |
| US4861370A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1989-08-29 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Process for treating molten aluminum alloy with powdered flux |
| RU2244754C1 (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2005-01-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Чепецкий механический завод" (ОАО ЧМЗ) | Method for production of exothermal mixture for steel treatment in liquid state |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1028216A (en) * | 1910-06-08 | 1912-06-04 | Griesheim Elektron Chem Fab | Melting and casting magnesium and alloys thereof. |
| US1066833A (en) * | 1913-04-17 | 1913-07-08 | Francis Mitchell Mcclenahan | Method of smelting iron ores. |
| GB247149A (en) * | 1925-02-05 | 1926-03-04 | Gilbert Michel | Improvements in manufacture of magnesium and its alloys |
| US2162938A (en) * | 1936-04-10 | 1939-06-20 | Titanium Alloy Mfg Co | Granular aluminum and method of making the same |
| US2490327A (en) * | 1947-10-14 | 1949-12-06 | Peter J Soffel | Exothermically reactive mold insert |
| US2578977A (en) * | 1950-03-10 | 1951-12-18 | Tennessee Coal Iron And Railro | Method and composition for reducing the amount of dross floating on spelter bath |
| US2591105A (en) * | 1947-08-19 | 1952-04-01 | Foundry Services Ltd | Exothermically reacting sleeve for risers |
| US2760859A (en) * | 1952-09-10 | 1956-08-28 | Edward H Graf | Metallurgical flux compositions |
-
1956
- 1956-12-31 US US631454A patent/US2848321A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1028216A (en) * | 1910-06-08 | 1912-06-04 | Griesheim Elektron Chem Fab | Melting and casting magnesium and alloys thereof. |
| US1066833A (en) * | 1913-04-17 | 1913-07-08 | Francis Mitchell Mcclenahan | Method of smelting iron ores. |
| GB247149A (en) * | 1925-02-05 | 1926-03-04 | Gilbert Michel | Improvements in manufacture of magnesium and its alloys |
| US2162938A (en) * | 1936-04-10 | 1939-06-20 | Titanium Alloy Mfg Co | Granular aluminum and method of making the same |
| US2591105A (en) * | 1947-08-19 | 1952-04-01 | Foundry Services Ltd | Exothermically reacting sleeve for risers |
| US2490327A (en) * | 1947-10-14 | 1949-12-06 | Peter J Soffel | Exothermically reactive mold insert |
| US2578977A (en) * | 1950-03-10 | 1951-12-18 | Tennessee Coal Iron And Railro | Method and composition for reducing the amount of dross floating on spelter bath |
| US2760859A (en) * | 1952-09-10 | 1956-08-28 | Edward H Graf | Metallurgical flux compositions |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3069240A (en) * | 1958-01-24 | 1962-12-18 | Electro Chimie Metal | Method of obtaining pure silicon by fractional crystallization |
| US3104996A (en) * | 1958-11-10 | 1963-09-24 | Foseco Int | Exothermic alloying composition for addition to molten steel |
| US3025153A (en) * | 1959-01-21 | 1962-03-13 | Foundry Services Int Ltd | Heat-producing mixtures |
| US3043678A (en) * | 1959-08-12 | 1962-07-10 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Reclamation of metallic values from aluminous dross |
| US3068092A (en) * | 1959-11-18 | 1962-12-11 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Process for the recovery of aluminum from aluminum-aluminum carbide mixtures |
| US3153602A (en) * | 1961-07-11 | 1964-10-20 | Foseco Int | Treatment of vessels used for holding molten aluminum metal |
| US3151980A (en) * | 1962-01-10 | 1964-10-06 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for improving aluminum silicon alloys |
| US3149007A (en) * | 1962-05-14 | 1964-09-15 | Handy & Harman | Brazing compositions |
| US3418145A (en) * | 1963-12-02 | 1968-12-24 | United Aircraft Corp | Coating composition comprising aluminum and metal fluorides |
| US3249425A (en) * | 1964-08-17 | 1966-05-03 | Joseph R Mares | Process for freeze-refining a metal |
| US3322535A (en) * | 1965-06-01 | 1967-05-30 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Addition agents for exothermic sintering processes |
| US3436212A (en) * | 1966-11-22 | 1969-04-01 | Aluminum Co Of America | Flux for treating aluminum |
| US3620716A (en) * | 1969-05-27 | 1971-11-16 | Aluminum Co Of America | Magnesium removal from aluminum alloy scrap |
| US3941588A (en) * | 1974-02-11 | 1976-03-02 | Foote Mineral Company | Compositions for alloying metal |
| US4060406A (en) * | 1975-07-16 | 1977-11-29 | Foseco International Limited | Arc steelmaking |
| US4735652A (en) * | 1986-11-17 | 1988-04-05 | Gte Products Corporation | Process for producing agglomerates of aluminum based material |
| US4861370A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1989-08-29 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Process for treating molten aluminum alloy with powdered flux |
| RU2244754C1 (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2005-01-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Чепецкий механический завод" (ОАО ЧМЗ) | Method for production of exothermal mixture for steel treatment in liquid state |
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