US3698362A - Method and apparatus for incinerating waste oil - Google Patents

Abstract

Waste oil to be incinerated is atomized in a combustion chamber by primary air emanating from air tuyeres arranged on the floor of the combustion chamber, and is agitated by secondary air additionally introduced into the combustion chamber. The atomized waste oil is well mixed with air, and the waste oil is then ignited so that it can be incinerated in complete combustion without applying any additional burning device or agent.

Description

{United States vPatent [1s Ishibashi et al. I *[45] Oct. 17, 1972 [54] METHOD ANDAP PARATUS FOR 1,177,067 3/1916 /an Amburgh ..431/165 INCINERATING WASTE OIL 1,499,431 7/1924 Willett et al. ..431/190 X 1,785,154. 12/1930 Symmes ..431/7 [72] Inventors. Wataru lshlbashl, Satoru Nakano,

. both f S k Take Yokotani, 1,983,386 12/1934 Mlkeska 431/190 X Osaka, an ofJapan 3,291,182 12/1966 Dow et al. ..431/165 1 [73] Assignee: lwatani & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS [22] Filed: Jan. 15, 1971 412,225 6/1931 Great Britain ..431/190 [21] A Prirnary Examiner-Carroll B. Dority, Jr.

Attorney-Arthur Schwartz [30] Foreign Application Priority Data 1 March 23, 1970 Japan ..45/24654 [571 ABSTRACT JUHC 4, Japan waste to incinerated, is atomized in a combustion chamber by primary air emanating from air [52] U.S.Cl. ..122/136 R, 122/D1G l tuyel-es arranged on he flaor of the Combustion [5]] I131. Cl F2211 7/00 chamber and isagitated by sgcondary additionally [58] Field of Search. ..431/7, 164, 165, 170, 190, introduced into 7 the combustion chamben The 431551351326; 122/136 Q 1 atomized waste oil is well mixed with air, and the 4 f d waste oil is thenignited so that itcan be incinerated in [56] Re "megs complete combustion without applying any additional UNITED ES N S burning device or agent.

836,219 11/1906 Schutz ..431/164X 6 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures f 3 47/14 Z3 Z4 PATENTEDnm 1 1912 saw 1 or 2 INVENTOR5 WATARL- ISHIBASHI,

6 ATTORN F) Y 5 mA AT KO AK Nm o @E MT PA'TE'NTEDnm 17 I972 SHEET 2 [IF 2 m QI M w 3 N m wE INVENTORS WATARU ISHIBASHI BY SATOR U NAKANO,

W Y Y m o R 0 K T A T T A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INCINERATING.

. WASTE OIL BACKGROUND water, andsometimes causing fires and odor. To avoid these social problems, many countermeasures have been-proposed, among which isa furnace for incinerating waste oil. However, the difficulty which is common to all of the proposed methods and apparatus is that complete combustion, or at least continuous combustion is almost impossible to'achieve, because of the to 40 percent water content existing inseparably from t the oil content, i.e., in the emulsive state.

For example, a furnace has been proposed, in which waste oil to be incinerated is stored on its floor while burning hot air is taken in from outside through one or more burners at the furnace door to fire the oil, having a water content. But in this situ'ation,for smooth igniting, wasteoil usually must be previously heated before burning. Waste oil cannot be continuously burned by an intermittentfire since the water and oil contents in waste oil are separately evaporated in the waste oil supply pipe, or the water and oil is expelled from burners alternately. This is because the water content is first evaporated while the oil content is still in a liquid state. i i

The disadvantage in the previous method as pointed out above is chiefly that the water and oil contents are not separable in the emulsive state in waste oil. Therefore, it is impossible to answer the social need which strongly desiresa solution of the problem caused by waste oil, by utilizing known methods' and apparatus. Also, it is preferable to be able toburn the oil at the location where waste oil is produced.

SUMMARY The object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for incinerating waste oil effectively by burning the waste oil by itself, irrespective of its rela- V tively large water content, and without the use of a burner or burning agent.

Briefly stated, waste oil is accumulated on the floor of the furnace by continuously supplying it into a furnace or a combustion chamber. Then, the oil on the floor is dispersed into drops by primary air eminating from air tuyeres arranged on the floor of the furnace. The tuyeres are provided with air nozzles designed to send out air in all directions along the outer surfaces. The primary air continues to disperse the oil drops causing them to fly against the inside walls of the furnace so that the drops are further broken up into particles as fine as in an atomized condition. The foggy atomized oil is then agitated in the combustion chamber by secondary air supplied from other openings and is well mixed with air. Once the foggy oil atmosphereisfired, the atomized foggy oil easily absorbs heat from the heated air, and at the same time,

' the water contained in the waste oil quickly evaporates.

In this way, complete combustion of the waste oil is achieved by the synergistic effect caused by the atomizing of the oil and the resulting evaporation of water contained in the oil.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION or DRAWINGS This invention will be more particularly described by way of example, with reference to the drawings, wherein: a

FIG. 1 is a front view in vertical section showing an apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention; a t 7 FIG. 2is a right sideview showing the end face of the body of the apparatus illustrated-in FIG. 1, parts being broken away to reveal the internal construction; and

FIG. 3 is a front view in vertical section showing another embodiment of. an apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention. a

7 DETAILED DESCRIPTION t The cylindrical body 1 of a metal furnace has an annular double wall structure, i.e., an outer wall 1A and an inner wall 1B. In addition, the body 1 is covered by an outermost mantle 2 of metal, providing an annular passage-3 for primary air between. the mantle 2 and the outer wall 1A. The space between the outer wall 1A andthe inner wall 18 provides a cooling water jacket4, and the closed inside space of the body 1 provides a combustion chamber 5, at thefront face of which is a furnace door6, and at the back of which is astack 7.

The water jacket 4 is supplied with water through an inlet pipe 8, and, after circulation, the water is taken away in the form of hot water by an outlet pipe 9. A supplying pipe 10 for the waste oil is inserted into the combustion chamber, in such amanner that the waste oil falls againstthe'wall ofthe' chamber 5. Arranged on the floor'are airtuyeres 11 of cylindrical shape, each tuyere 11 being provided with air nozzles 11A around its circumferential surface, so that: an air jet can be sent out in all directions. The tuyeres 1 1 are connected at their lowest portions to a primary air chamber. 13 consisting of the passage 3 closed with a separator 12. The

chamber 13 is supplied with primary air by a blower 14 mounted on the mantle 2 through a duct 15. The duct 15 is divided by a damper 25, and a bypass pipe 16 is connected at its terminating end 17 to an inside chamber 18 situated around the furnace door 6. The air in the inside chamber 18 is sent through openings 19 into the combustion chamber 5. The amount of secondary air is adjusted by a valve 20, and an operator can watch the burning condition of the oil through observation window 21. V

It will further benoted that the device has wheels, and can be made mobile. Therefore, burning can take place in any convenient area so that vast quantities of waste oil need not be transported.

Referring to FIG. 3, illustrating a further example of OPERATION air is sent under pressure through the nozzles 11A of a the tuyeres 11 into the combustion chamber 5 via the primary air chamber 13. The accumulated oil is dispersed in drops above the floor 18. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the primary air passes through the layer of the grains 24 on the screen 23, causing the oil to be blown from the surface of the individual grain in form of fine drops in the combustion chamber 5. In this way, the oil is blown up from the combustion chamber 5 in the form of fine droplets, which, in addition, are caused by the primary jet of air to collide with the wall of the chamber '5, finally becoming atomized. The secondary air is then blown into the combustion chamber 5 under pressure through the openings 19, dispersing the atomized oil thus produced throughout the combustion chamber 5. The foggy waste oil formed in the aforesaid manner is agitated in the chamber. Thus, waste oil can be advantageously atomized by virtue of the synergistic effect of the primary air jet and th impact against the wall, thus the surface of the oil is infinitely increased.

' In such a condition, the atomized oil is ignited from the furnace door 6, and starts to burn. Once it is fired, the atomized oil absorbs heat from the heated air in the combustion chamber, so that the water easily evaporates from the waste oil, lowering the flash point of the remaining oil, thereby ensuring the stable burning of the oil in a continuous manner. The body 1 of the furnace is protected against possible corrosion due to the high temperature, and is also thermally insulated from the outside, by the cooling water in the jacket 4. The cooling water is discharged from the outlet pipe 9 in the form of hot water.

As described above, in the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the primary air passes through the layer of the grains 24 on the screen 23, causing the oil to blow off the surface of the grains. In the process of passing through the grains 24, the oil is advantageously broken up into finer droplets by the interparticle impact caused by the primary air jet. Once the foggy atomized oil thus produced is ignited, and starts to burn, the metallic grains 24 are heated into red-hot balls, so that the oil sticking to the surfaces of the individual grains 24 is more readily heated prior to being blown off, with the advantage that the water contained in the oil evaporates more quickly than otherwise.

The date relative to the incineration of waste oil utilizing the aforesaid apparatus according to the present invention is illustrated as follows:

The specifications of incinerator used:

The inner diameter and material 300mm X1000mm of iron of inner-walled cylinder 1B The thickness of the inner cylinder Theinner diameter and material ofoutenwalled cylinder 1A The thickness of the outer 360mmX1000mm of iron cylinder The inner diameter and material 420mm XlOOOmm of iron of the mantle 2 The thickness of the mantle 3.2mm

The waste oil specimen used in the incineration is as follows:

One example included water added to used engine oil from automobiles to produce a water content of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% (per cent by weight) respectively. Another-example included-used light oil with water added to produce a water content of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively for specimen.

These waste oils have the following features:

Used engine oil for automobile General properties:

Flash point: 130C Viscosity (50C): 62.5 (centistokes) Ash content: 0.90%

Water content: 2.0%

Specific properties: Viscosity g (50C centjstgkes) Ash Content With 10% water 72.0 0 84 The data derived from the fire-incineration of the aforesaid waste oils by and according to the method and apparatus of the present invention is as follows:

Pro-

perlybur-(") ned temp. Cooling Water amt.Fur- AnalysisofGas lnoutrate (L/ nace (PerCent) let let (L/ Specimen Hr) "C 0, CO, N, C0 C,.1-1 C "C 7 Hr) Lengine Oil 7.8 700 5.6 10.4 84 0.00 0.00 15 600 10% water 8.1 710 6.2 9.8 83 0.0 0.0 15 68 600 20% water 9.3 690 5.4 10.4 84 0.0 0.0 15 64 600 30% watga a6 10.0 680 5.3 10.2 85 0.0 0.0 15 64 600 water 11.5 670 5.3 10.3 84 0.0 0.0 15 62 600 2. Light Oil 7.5 740 6.1 9.8 84 0.0 0.0 15 69 600 10% water 8.4 730 5.3 10.2 85 0.0 0.0 15 66 600 20% watgzm 9.6 700 5210.2 85 0.0 0.0 15 66 600 water 10.2 690 5.6 10.6 84 0.0 0.0 15 65 600 40% water 11.4 660 5.8 10.0 84 0.0 0.0 15 63 600 U) The properly-burned amount means the amount of material burned per hour in complete combustion without black smoke in the chimney, the complete combustion being confirmed by analysis of the gas.

0) The temperature was measured by an alumel-chromel thermocouple placed at the center of the combustion chamber.

("") The gas was analyzed by the Orsat apparatus.

Waste oil is finally changed into an atomized condition by virtue of the synergistic effect of the primary air jet and the resulting impact against the inside walls of the combustionchamber, increasing the surface area of the oil particles per unit weight, in spite of a relatively large water content, so that theatomized oil can be well mixed with air during the agitation subsequently caused by the secondary air. As a result, the oil can easily be ignited and fired. Once it is fired, the oil absorbs heat from the heated air, allowing the water contained in it to evaporate very quickly providing an even temperature throughout the combustion chamber.

Thus, in spite of a relatively large water content, waste oil can be burned continuously and completely,

which might otherwise be almost impossible to achieve" because of the undesirable diffusion of vapor caused by heat covering the oil surface, or by the separated state of the oil and water. in accordance of thepresent invention, such asthe experimental data shows, waste oil can'be burned completely even if it contains 40 percent water. Therefore, this invention will be of great value to factories which have difficulties in solving the problems involved in the incineration of waste oil.

What is claimed is:

ing: I

a. an outermost mantle, Y

b. an outerwall spaced interiorly from the outermost mantle and defining a first passage therewith,

c. an inner wall defining a combustion chamber spaced interiorly from the outer wall and defining a second passage therewith,

d. means for supplying waste oil to the combustion chamber,

' e. a layer of grains disposed within the combustion chamber,

f. means for supplying cooling water to the second passage,

g. means for providing communication between the first passage and whereby the means includes a pluralityof nozzles located within the combustion chamber,

h. means for supplying a primary source of air to the first passage, through the plurality of nozzles and bed of grains, into the combustion chamber,

i. a plurality of openings at one end of the combustion chamber,

j. means for supplying a secondary source of air through the plurality of openings and into the com- I. An apparatus for incinerating waste oil compristhe combustion chamber i a metal selected from the and copper.

6 bustion chamber across the layer of grains, and k.-means at the other end of the combustion chamber for withdrawing the products of combustion.

2. An apparatusfor incinerating waste oil comprismg:

a. an outermost mantle,

b. an outer wall spaced interiorly from and defining a first passage therewith,

c. an inner 'wall defining a combustion chamber, spaced interiorly from the outer wall, and further defining a a second passage therewith, v

d. means for supplying waste oil to the combustion chamber, r

e. means for supplying a primary source of air to the first passage,

f. means for providing communication between the first passage and the combustion chamber for suph. means for supplying a secondary source of air into the combustion chamber in a direction substantially perpendicularto the direction of the primary source of air supplied thereto such that the waste oil supplied to the combustion chamber is atomized by virtue of the synergistic effect of the primary air source'and the resulting impact of the oil against the inner wall of the combustion chamber. 1'

3. The apparatus of claim 2 further including:

a. a screen disposed within the combustion chamber over the means providing communication with the primary source of air, and

b. a layer of metallic grains on the screen such that the primary source of air is caused to pass through the grains and the secondary source of air is caused to pass across the grains.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the grains are of group consisting of aluminum the mantle 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the means for providing communication between the first passage and the combustion chamber includes:

a. a plurality of tuyeres, and

b. a plurality of nozzles affixed to the exit ends of the tuyeres.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one end of the combustion chamber is provided. with a plurality of openings for receiving the secondary source of air.

Claims (6)

1. An apparatus for incinerating waste oil comprising: a. an outermost mantle, b. an outer wall spaced interiorly from the outermost mantle and defining a first passage therewith, c. an inner wall defining a combustion chamber spaced interiorly from the outer wall and defining a second passage therewith, d. means for supplying waste oil to the combustion chamber, e. a layer of grains disposed within the combustion chamber, f. means for supplying cooling water to the second passage, g. means for providing communication between the first passage and the combustion chamber whereby the means includes a plurality of nozzles located within the combustion chamber, h. means for supplying a primary source of air to the first passage, through the plurality of nozzles and bed of grains, into the combustion chamber, i. a plurality of openings at one end of the combustion chamber, j. means for supplying a secondary source of air through the plurality of openings and into the combustion chamber across the layer of grains, and k. means at the other end of the combustion chamber for withdrawing the products of combustion.

2. An apparatus for incinerating waste oil comprising: a. an outermost mantle, b. an outer wall spaced interiorly from the mantle and defining a first passage therewith, c. an inner wall defining a combustion chamber, spaced interiorly from the outer wall, and further defining a a second passage therewith, d. means for supplying waste oil to the combustion chamber, e. means for supplying a primary source of air to the first passage, f. means for providing communication between the first passage and the combustion chamber for supplying the primary source of air thereto, g. means for supplying cooling water to the second passage, and h. means for supplying a secondary source of air into the combustion chamber in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the primary source of air supplied thereto such that the waste oil supplied to the combustion chamber is atomized by virtue of the synergistic effect of the primary air source and the resulting impact of the oil against the inner wall of the combustion chamber.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 further including: a. a screen disposed within the combustion chamber over the means providing communication with the primary source of air, and b. a layer of metallic grains on the screen such that the primary source of air is caused to pass through the grains and the secondary source of air is caused to pass across the grains.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the grains are of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and copper.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the means for providing communication between the first passage and the combustion chamber includes: a. a plurality of tuyeres, and b. a plurality of nozzles affixed to the exit ends of the tuyeres.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one end of the combustion chamber is provided with a plurality of openings for receiving the secondary source of air.

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