US3489551A - Abrasion resistant ferrous alloy containing chromium - Google Patents

Description

United States Patent 3,489 551 ABRASION RESISTANT FERROUS ALLOY CONTAINING CHROMIUM Stewart G. Fletcher and Walter T. Haswell, Jr., Latrobe,

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Molybdenum 1.1 Titanium 2 Vanadium 2 Balance substantially iron with residual impurities in 2:; gg e g g ig f Steel Company, a corpora 5 ordinary amounts, said titanium being combined with No Drawing. C ntinuation-in-part of application Ser. No. carbon a Weight i of 4:1 and Sald vanadmm W1 th 1965' This application July 1968 I h h hr h g i t i dr i gf oiii all y nig however extend CL czz 39 25 over a relatively wide range and still retain its desirable US. 'Cl. 75-126 4 Claims 10 properties of workability and abrasion-resistance. It may include alloying elements such as nickel, cobalt, tungsten and vanadium within certain limited amounts and propor- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOS RE tions without detrimetally affecting the abrasion-resist- An abrasion resistant readily workable alloy is proance- S1101} f l range of P fi II may fall Within vide-d comprising carbon about 1% to about 4.25%, the followmghmlts: silicon about 1.5% maximum, m ng about 15% Carbon About 1 to about 4.25%. maximum, chromium about 10% about 15 y Silicon About 1.5% maximum. denum less than about 2%, tita about 05% Manganese About 1.5% maximum. about 5%, tungsten less than about nickel less than Chromium About 10% to about 15%. about 3%, cobalt less than about 5%, vanadium about Molybdenum tha 2% 1.1% to about 5%, sulfur up t a ut 2 and the Titanium About 0.5 to about 5%.

balance iron with residual impurities in or n ry m Tungsten Less than 3%.

said titanium being combined with carb n in a Weight Nickel Less than 3%.

ration of 4:1 and the vanadium with carbon in a W igh cobalt s h 5%,

rat f Vanadium About 1.1 to about 5%.

Sulfur Up to 0.25%.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our 00- Balimce Substantially, f ,with rfisidual impurities pending application Ser. No. 429,621 filed Feb. 1, 1965 9 i mamum bemg comblped i now abandoned carbon m a weight ratlo of 4:1 and the vanadium wlth This invention relates to ferrous alloys and abrasion f ff resistant articles thereof and particularly to a low cost fi The 165.8 a followed by a Percentage abrasion resistant alloy which is readily workable and .gure m lshapp catlonim the context of thls applicatable. The search for steels having high abrasion renon mean? t at t e partlculflr element may be entlrely P absent or it may be present in an amount not to exceed sistance and low cost, together w th satisfactory workthe Percentage concsntration given. The presence of abllltyt has been a long f commulflg Eampl es these elements is optional up to the amount specified in of uses for such steels are brlck mold liners, tile dies, said the ranges f composition given above blast equipment, Shot blast equipment and Various forms In order to illustrate the improved properties of our of dies. Alloys generally available at a favorable cost new alloy, several h t were d ithi th range f are undesirably short-lived and less than satisfactory for composition herein specified and compared with steels abrasion-resisting purposes. previously used for making brick liners and the like.

We have discovered an alloy having improved forge- The compositions appear in Table I.

TABLE I Alloy C Cr W Mo Ti V Si Mn Ni Co Invention WR71 2. 76 12.38 1.07 2.21 1.90 0.35 .48 Prior art 2.4 12. 7s 1.1 4 0. 40 .40

ability, workability and abrasion resistance over any alloys Abrasion tests were made, comparing these several alloys previously availiable to the metallurgical industry. Our with the results which appear in Table II. invention provides an abrasion-resistant alloy in which carbon within certain limits, is added in excess of that Table 1 previously available to the metallurgical industry. Our invention provides an abrasion-resistant alloy in which g' Percent g gg carbon within certain limits, is added in excess of that Prior necessary to give a desired hardening ability to the alloy u together with vanadium and titanium in certain proper- Careful comparison of the foregoing results shows the tions and within certain limits such that the excess carbon supcrlorlty f our alloy Over the alloys now used equals abrasion resistant purposes. Moreover, we have found V 1 Ti that the compositions with titanium present are far Z 3 Z. Lnorebworkable thanlhke gozntppsiitiofns iii Which vanadigm as een compe ey su s iu e or itanium, so at Considering only the essential elements of our alloy, titanium must pp as an essantial ingredient at least the preferred analysis for most abrasion-resisting appliin the minimum amount specified herein in order to cations is: attain the improved workability along with improved Percent abrasion resistance which characterizes our invention. Carbon 2.9 While we have described and disclosed certain pre- Silicon 0.4 ferred embodiments of this invention, it will be under- Manganese 0.4 stood that this invention may be otherwise embodied Chromium 12.5 within the scope of the following claims.

We claim:

1. An abrasion-resistant readily workable alloy capable of being worked and cast to ultimate shape comprising carbon about 1% to about 4.25%, silicon about 1.5% maximum, manganese about 1.5 maximum, chromium about 10% to about 15%, molybdenum less than about 2%, titanium about 0.5% to about tungsten less than about 3%, nickel less than about 3%, cobalt less than about 5%, vanadium about 1.1% to about 5%, sulfur up to about 0.25 and the balance iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, said titanium and vanadium being combined with carbon in excess of that necessary to give a desired hardenability such that titanium is combined with carbon in a weight ratio of 4:1 and the vanadium with carbon in a weight ratio of 4.2 (V-l) 1.

2. An abrasion-resistant readily workable alloy capable of being worked and cast to ultimate shape comprising carbon about 2.9%, silicon about 0.4%, manganese about 0.4%, chromium about 12.5%, molybdenum about 1.1%, titanium about 2%, vanadium 2%, sulfur up to about 0.25% and the balance iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, said titanium being combined with carbon in a weight ratio of 4:1 and the vanadium with carbon in a weight ratio of 4.2 (V1):1.

3. An article made from a ferrous base metal comprising carbon about 1% to about 4.25%, silicon about 1.5 maximum, manganese about 1.5 maximum, chromium about to about molybdenum less than about 2%, titanium about 0.5 to about 5%, tungsten less than about 3%, nickel less than about 3%, cobalt less than about 5%, vanadium about 1.1% to about 5%, sulfur up to about 0.25 and the balance iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, said titanium and vanadium being combined with carbon in excess of that necessary to give a desired hardenability in proportions such that said titanium is combined with carbon in a Weight ratio of 4:1 to form titanium carbide and the vanadium with carbon in a Weight ratio of 4.2 (V1):1 to form vanadium carbide, said alloy being characterized by workability, castability, abrasion resistance and high impact resistance.

4. An article of manufacture made from a ferrous base metal alloy capable of being worked and cast to ultimate shape comprising carbon about 2.9%, silicon about 0.4%, manganese about 0.4%, chromium about 12.5%, molybdenum less than about 2%, titanium about 0.5% to about 5%, tungsten less than about 3%, nickel less than about 3%, cobalt less than about 5%, vanadium about 1.1% to about 5%, sulfur up to about 0.25% and the balance iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, said titanium being combined with carbon in a Weight ratio of 4:1, and the vanadium with carbon in a weight ratio of 4.2 (V-1) 1, said alloy characterized by workability, castability, abrasion resistance and high resistance to impact.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,599,425 9/1926 McGuire 126 2,147,121 2/1939 Emmons 75126 2,575,218 11/1951 Giles 75126 3,231,709 1/1966 Foley 75--1 26 XR 3,295,401 1/1967 Rackofl 75-126 XR OTHER REFERENCES Tool Steels, 3rd ed., 1962, published by American Society for Metals, Metal Park, Ohio, pp. 699-704 and 718.

HYLAND BIZOT, Primary Examiner U .S. Cl. X.R. 75128 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,489 551 January 13 1970 Stewart G. Fletcher, et a1.

It is certified that error appears in the above identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 1 line 38 "said" should read sand line 51, "availiable" should read available lines 54 to 56, cancel "previously available to the metallurgical industry. Our inventi' provides an abrasion-resistant alloy in which carbon within certain limits, is added in excess of that"; same column 1, lines 61 and 62, the equation'should appear as shown below:

V- Ti 4 2 4 Column 2, line 7, "ration" should read ratio Signed and sealed this 3rd day of November 19 70.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M. FLETCHER,JR. WILLIAM E. SCHUYLER, JR. Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents