US3323010A - Monochromatic light source with temperature regulating means - Google Patents
Monochromatic light source with temperature regulating means Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3323010A US3323010A US298830A US29883063A US3323010A US 3323010 A US3323010 A US 3323010A US 298830 A US298830 A US 298830A US 29883063 A US29883063 A US 29883063A US 3323010 A US3323010 A US 3323010A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- source
- monochromatic light
- bulb
- hollow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VCGFSKNCUIRVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[methyl(nitroso)amino]butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCC(OC(C)=O)N(C)N=O VCGFSKNCUIRVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009774 resonance method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/24—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by high frequency AC, or with separate oscillator frequency
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
- H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
- H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
- H01J65/048—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by using an excitation coil
Definitions
- Part of the heat has of course, to be supplied by the excitation source whose electric field by Joule efiect starts the heating of the plasma.
- this heat is derived from a source of electrical energy whose cost is high on account of the necessity of having to transform an industrial current into a highfrequency current. It is thus appropriate to use a high frequency source of this type only for providing the power strictly necessary for starting the excitation process.
- the additional heat, necessary to obtain the optimum efliciency temperature should be derived from a heating source supplying an industrial electric current.
- the present invention has for object to provide such an auxiliary, low frequency heat source for heating a plasma bulb, in addition to the high frequency source, both sources using in common at least certain parts of their respective load circuits.
- a monochromatic light source includes heating wires which surround the bulb and are arranged in the form of turns conforming to the shape of the turns generating the high-frequency field, these heating wires being connected in series with these turns, which thus ensure the return of the heating current. Preferably they are positioned inside these turns, which are then hollow.
- the heating wires surround a definite zone of the bulb, so as to create in the bulb a heat gradient such that the alkali vapours are condensed outside of a zone which constitutes the active part of the bulb.
- FIGURE 1 shows schematically -a first embodiment of the invention
- FIGURE 2 shows schematically a detail of the arrangement of FIGURE 1;
- FIGURE 3 shows schematically another embodiment of the invention.
- FIGURE 1 shows a bulb 1 filled with a saturated vapour of an alkali metal, such as rubidium or caesium.
- This bulb is surrounded in its central part by a hollow winding 2.
- the outer surface 11 of the winding is coaxially coupled at tapping points R and S, near its ends A and D which are close to those of the bulb, to a high- K frequency generator 13 having an RF. input and an RF. output.
- the winding is divided in two parts connected together at B and C and by a tuning capacitor 4 for providing across its plates a high amplitude high frequency voltage.
- a wire 12 which serves as a heating wire, is located inside winding 11; its terminals A and D are connected to a terminal M of a heating generator 5. It is connected at points B and C to conductor 11. The other terminal N of source 5 is grounded. The ends A and D of conductor 11 are also grounded through a metal conductor 6.
- the low frequency heating circuit comprises two branches in parallel, i.e., a branch MABN and a branch MDCN, with a tuning capacitor 4 between points B and C which has an infinite impedance at the heating low frequency.
- the high frequency circuit extends from point R through capacitor 4, to point S.
- conductors 12 and 11 are respectively the inner and the outer conductors of coaxial cable 2, the low-frequency magnetic field generated by conductor 11 neutralizes the field generated by conductor 12. Accordingly, the source is free from any modulation of its wavelength by a magnetic field of low frequency induced by the heating circuit.
- FIGURE 3 shows another embodiment of the invention. This arrangement contains all the elements of the arrangement of FIGURE 1. To avoid convection losses, bulb 1 is placed in a second evacuated glass bulb 7. Grounding plate 6 is placed inside bulb 7. The figure shows that all the leading out terminals are situated at the base of tube 7, appropriate connections being proyided.
- a source of monochromatic light comprising in combination: an elongated tight enclosure containing a low pressure gas and having two ends; two windings surrounding said two ends, each of said windings comprising a hollow conductor; a capacitor connecting in series said hollow conductors; means for connecting said series connected hollow conductors to a high frequency source; inner conductors respectively positioned in said hollow conductors and insulated therefrom except at the ends where said capacitor is connected; and means for coupling a low frequency source to the other ends of said inner conductors and said hollow conductors.
- a source of monochromatic light comprising in combination: an elongated tight enclosure containing a low pressure gas and having two ends, two windings surround-' ing said two ends, each of said windings comprising a first hollow conductor and a second conductor within said first conductor; means for coupling said hollow conductors to a high frequency source; and means for coupling said second conductors to a low frequency source.
- a source of monochromatic light comprising in combination: an elongated tight enclosure containing a low pressure gas and having two ends; two windings surrounding said two ends; each of said windings comprising a hollow conductor and an inner conductor; a capacitor connecting in series said hollow conductors; means for connecting said hollow conductors to a high frequency source; two terminals, said inner conductor and said outer conductor of each winding being connected in series between said two terminals; and means for connecting said two terminals to a low frequency source.
- a source of monochromatic light comprising in combination: an elongated tight enclosure containing a low pressure gas and having two ends; two windings surrounding said two ends; each of said windings comprising a hollow conductor and an inner conductor; a capacitor connecting in series said hollow conductors; means for connecting said hollow conductors to a high frequency source; two terminals, said inner conductor and said outer conductor of each winding being connected in series he- References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,333,052 10/1943 Smith 313 25 X 2,974,243 3/1961 Marrison 31s 24s X 2,975,330 3/1961 Bloom et al. 315 174 X JAMES W. LAWRENCE, Primary Examiner.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Description
May 30, 1967 J. BISJAK ETAL 3,323,010
MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT SCURCE WITH TEMPERATURE REGULATING MEANS Filed July 31, 1963 III II.
United States Patent 4 Claims. 61. 31's 11s Over the last few years many advances have been made in the production of sources of monochromatic light capable of supplying relatively fine spectral lines, which sources have been a matter of considerable interest in many fields of industrial physics.
This is, in particular, the case in colour television, where the primary colour characteristics are preferred to spectrum loci and in all applications using optical resonance methods.
In order to obtain sources of spectral light of high amplitude, it is known to utilize the discharge in a sealed luminescent bulb of a saturating vapour, of an alkali metal, such as caesium or rubidium. As is known, the luminous efiiciency of this discharge is a maximum at a suitable, and often relatively high, temperature of the plasma.
Under these conditions it is necessary to heat the plasma from the ambient temperature, to reach the maximum efficiency temperature.
Part of the heat has of course, to be supplied by the excitation source whose electric field by Joule efiect starts the heating of the plasma.
However, this source of heat is ill suited to the part it plays. Actually, it is very difiicult to regulate the tem perature obtained in this way.
Further, this heat is derived from a source of electrical energy whose cost is high on account of the necessity of having to transform an industrial current into a highfrequency current. It is thus appropriate to use a high frequency source of this type only for providing the power strictly necessary for starting the excitation process.
Under these conditions, the additional heat, necessary to obtain the optimum efliciency temperature, should be derived from a heating source supplying an industrial electric current.
The present invention has for object to provide such an auxiliary, low frequency heat source for heating a plasma bulb, in addition to the high frequency source, both sources using in common at least certain parts of their respective load circuits.
A monochromatic light source according to the invention includes heating wires which surround the bulb and are arranged in the form of turns conforming to the shape of the turns generating the high-frequency field, these heating wires being connected in series with these turns, which thus ensure the return of the heating current. Preferably they are positioned inside these turns, which are then hollow.
Moreover, the heating wires surround a definite zone of the bulb, so as to create in the bulb a heat gradient such that the alkali vapours are condensed outside of a zone which constitutes the active part of the bulb.
The invention will be better understood from the following description and appended drawings, wherein:
FIGURE 1 shows schematically -a first embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 2 shows schematically a detail of the arrangement of FIGURE 1; and
FIGURE 3 shows schematically another embodiment of the invention.
The same elements are designated by the same reference numbers throughout all the figures.
FIGURE 1 shows a bulb 1 filled with a saturated vapour of an alkali metal, such as rubidium or caesium. This bulb is surrounded in its central part by a hollow winding 2. The outer surface 11 of the winding is coaxially coupled at tapping points R and S, near its ends A and D which are close to those of the bulb, to a high- K frequency generator 13 having an RF. input and an RF. output. The winding is divided in two parts connected together at B and C and by a tuning capacitor 4 for providing across its plates a high amplitude high frequency voltage.
A wire 12, which serves as a heating wire, is located inside winding 11; its terminals A and D are connected to a terminal M of a heating generator 5. It is connected at points B and C to conductor 11. The other terminal N of source 5 is grounded. The ends A and D of conductor 11 are also grounded through a metal conductor 6.
According to this arrangement, which is shown more diagrammatically in FIG. 2, the low frequency heating circuit comprises two branches in parallel, i.e., a branch MABN and a branch MDCN, with a tuning capacitor 4 between points B and C which has an infinite impedance at the heating low frequency. The high frequency circuit extends from point R through capacitor 4, to point S.
Since conductors 12 and 11 are respectively the inner and the outer conductors of coaxial cable 2, the low-frequency magnetic field generated by conductor 11 neutralizes the field generated by conductor 12. Accordingly, the source is free from any modulation of its wavelength by a magnetic field of low frequency induced by the heating circuit.
The windings which surround only the central part of bulb 1 create, at the remote ends P and Q of the bulb, conditions favourable to the condensation of alkali vapour. A strong high frequency excitation occurs in the central part of the bulb, since a high electric field is provided in the neighborhood of capacitor 4.
FIGURE 3 shows another embodiment of the invention. This arrangement contains all the elements of the arrangement of FIGURE 1. To avoid convection losses, bulb 1 is placed in a second evacuated glass bulb 7. Grounding plate 6 is placed inside bulb 7. The figure shows that all the leading out terminals are situated at the base of tube 7, appropriate connections being proyided.
Of course the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown which were given solely by way of example.
What is claimed is:
1. A source of monochromatic light comprising in combination: an elongated tight enclosure containing a low pressure gas and having two ends; two windings surrounding said two ends, each of said windings comprising a hollow conductor; a capacitor connecting in series said hollow conductors; means for connecting said series connected hollow conductors to a high frequency source; inner conductors respectively positioned in said hollow conductors and insulated therefrom except at the ends where said capacitor is connected; and means for coupling a low frequency source to the other ends of said inner conductors and said hollow conductors.
2. A source of monochromatic light comprising in combination: an elongated tight enclosure containing a low pressure gas and having two ends, two windings surround-' ing said two ends, each of said windings comprising a first hollow conductor and a second conductor within said first conductor; means for coupling said hollow conductors to a high frequency source; and means for coupling said second conductors to a low frequency source.
3. A source of monochromatic light comprising in combination: an elongated tight enclosure containing a low pressure gas and having two ends; two windings surrounding said two ends; each of said windings comprising a hollow conductor and an inner conductor; a capacitor connecting in series said hollow conductors; means for connecting said hollow conductors to a high frequency source; two terminals, said inner conductor and said outer conductor of each winding being connected in series between said two terminals; and means for connecting said two terminals to a low frequency source.
4. A source of monochromatic light comprising in combination: an elongated tight enclosure containing a low pressure gas and having two ends; two windings surrounding said two ends; each of said windings comprising a hollow conductor and an inner conductor; a capacitor connecting in series said hollow conductors; means for connecting said hollow conductors to a high frequency source; two terminals, said inner conductor and said outer conductor of each winding being connected in series he- References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,333,052 10/1943 Smith 313 25 X 2,974,243 3/1961 Marrison 31s 24s X 2,975,330 3/1961 Bloom et al. 315 174 X JAMES W. LAWRENCE, Primary Examiner.
15 P. C. DEMEO, Examiner.
Claims (1)
- 2. A SOURCE OF MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT COMPRISING IN COMBINATION: AN ELONGATED TIGHT ENCLOSURE CONTAINING A LOW PRESSURE GAS AND HAVING TWO ENDS, TWO WINDINGS SURROUNDING SAID TWO ENDS, EACH OF SAID WINDINGS COMPRISING A FIRST HOLLOW CONDUCTOR AND A SECOND CONDUCTOR WITHIN SAID FIRST CONDUCTOR; MEANS FOR COUPLING SAID HOLLOW CONDUCTORS TO A HIGH FREQUENCY SOURCE; AND MEANS FOR COUPLING SAID SECOND CONDUCTORS TO A LOW FREQUENCY SOURCE.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR906919A FR1344294A (en) | 1962-08-14 | 1962-08-14 | New light sources with improved heat dissipation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3323010A true US3323010A (en) | 1967-05-30 |
Family
ID=8785161
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US298830A Expired - Lifetime US3323010A (en) | 1962-08-14 | 1963-07-31 | Monochromatic light source with temperature regulating means |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3323010A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1191482B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1344294A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1026061A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3521119A (en) * | 1968-01-10 | 1970-07-21 | Rca Corp | Rf excitation pumping of gas lasers by means of a wave guide and coupling coils |
| US4783615A (en) * | 1985-06-26 | 1988-11-08 | General Electric Company | Electrodeless high pressure sodium iodide arc lamp |
| US4797598A (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1989-01-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Illumination apparatus |
| US4798997A (en) * | 1985-12-26 | 1989-01-17 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Lighting device |
| US20050040748A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-02-24 | Haas William R. | Thermally optimized cold cathode heater |
| CN104332385A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2015-02-04 | 上海通用卫星导航有限公司 | Cesium spectral lamp device used for cesium optical pump magnetometer |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HU186682B (en) * | 1983-04-08 | 1985-09-30 | Tungsram Reszvenytarsasag | High-frequency gas-discharge lamp system |
| GB2204990B (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1991-09-18 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | Laser apparatus |
| US4871946A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1989-10-03 | General Electric Company | Electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp |
| GB8829251D0 (en) * | 1988-12-15 | 1989-01-25 | Emi Plc Thorn | A discharge tube arrangement |
| GB2226444B (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1993-05-12 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Electrodeless discharge lamp |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2333052A (en) * | 1931-03-18 | 1943-10-26 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Electrical discharge device |
| US2974243A (en) * | 1959-11-12 | 1961-03-07 | Space Technology Lab Inc | Light source |
| US2975330A (en) * | 1960-06-01 | 1961-03-14 | Varian Associates | Electrodeless discharge method and apparatus |
-
1962
- 1962-08-14 FR FR906919A patent/FR1344294A/en not_active Expired
-
1963
- 1963-07-31 US US298830A patent/US3323010A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-08-13 GB GB31931/63A patent/GB1026061A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-08-13 DE DEC30676A patent/DE1191482B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2333052A (en) * | 1931-03-18 | 1943-10-26 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Electrical discharge device |
| US2974243A (en) * | 1959-11-12 | 1961-03-07 | Space Technology Lab Inc | Light source |
| US2975330A (en) * | 1960-06-01 | 1961-03-14 | Varian Associates | Electrodeless discharge method and apparatus |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3521119A (en) * | 1968-01-10 | 1970-07-21 | Rca Corp | Rf excitation pumping of gas lasers by means of a wave guide and coupling coils |
| US4783615A (en) * | 1985-06-26 | 1988-11-08 | General Electric Company | Electrodeless high pressure sodium iodide arc lamp |
| US4798997A (en) * | 1985-12-26 | 1989-01-17 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Lighting device |
| US4797598A (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1989-01-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Illumination apparatus |
| US20050040748A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-02-24 | Haas William R. | Thermally optimized cold cathode heater |
| US7009329B2 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2006-03-07 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Thermally optimized cold cathode heater |
| CN104332385A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2015-02-04 | 上海通用卫星导航有限公司 | Cesium spectral lamp device used for cesium optical pump magnetometer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1191482B (en) | 1965-04-22 |
| GB1026061A (en) | 1966-04-14 |
| FR1344294A (en) | 1963-11-29 |
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