[go: up one dir, main page]

US3247383A - Infra-red reflector assembly for thermographic copying machine - Google Patents

Infra-red reflector assembly for thermographic copying machine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3247383A
US3247383A US198388A US19838862A US3247383A US 3247383 A US3247383 A US 3247383A US 198388 A US198388 A US 198388A US 19838862 A US19838862 A US 19838862A US 3247383 A US3247383 A US 3247383A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
infra
reflector
lamp
layer
reflector assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US198388A
Inventor
John W Ulseth
Robert A Halberg
John A Gravelle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US20039A external-priority patent/US3150262A/en
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority to US198388A priority Critical patent/US3247383A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3247383A publication Critical patent/US3247383A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/02—Exposure apparatus for contact printing
    • G03B27/14—Details
    • G03B27/30—Details adapted to be combined with processing apparatus
    • G03B27/306—Heat development
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/28—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/02—Exposure apparatus for contact printing
    • G03B27/14—Details
    • G03B27/16—Illumination arrangements, e.g. positioning of lamps, positioning of reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in thermographic copying machines and has particular reference to a low cost machine capable of rapidly and efficiently producing any desired number of reproductions of graphic originals on heat sensitive copy paper.
  • the improved machine is light in weight and readily portable, having physical dimensions approximating those of a portable typewriter.
  • the low contour of the improved machine makes it particularly suited to desk-top use.
  • Com-pactness is lent to the improved machine by the embodiment therein of a transparent tubular copy roll within which a lamp and reflector assembly is mounted, there being means for pressing -a compo-site of graphic original and copy sheet into intimate contact with the outer surface of the copy roll as the composite passes the area in which the irradiation of the lamp is concentrated by the reflector assembly.
  • the improved machine has variable speed means and is provided with a single control knob which affords selective control of energization of both the lamp and the drive motor as well as selective control of the position of the lamp and reflector assembly and the speed at which the copy roll is driven.
  • irradiating means for subjecting a composite of graphic original and copy sheet to brief intense radiation, comprising a novel reflector construction affording improved reflectance and stability characteristics, and with which the present invent-ion is particularly concerned.
  • the preferred irradiating means takes the form of a lamp and reflector assembly 66 comprising an elongated tubular lamp 68 disposed substantially at the focus thereof.
  • the reflector 67 and lamp 68 of the assembly 66 are fixed relative to each other.
  • the reflector 67 has a relatively narrow lengthwise opening 82 which concentrates the radiant energy from the lamp 68 along a relatively narrow band.
  • the reflector opening 82 has a width of inc-h
  • the lamp 68 is of the tungsten filament type having a length of inches and an electrical rating of 1350 watts at 280 volts.
  • the reflector 67 is characterized by exceptional reflectivity, i.e. greater than 93 percent reflectance of infrared, excellent heat stability, low cost and light weight.
  • the reflector 67 may be made of a pair of complemental 3,247,383 Patented Apr. 19, 1966 metal shells 67a and 67b, preferably of aluminum which may be formed to the desired shape by suitable machining, extrusion, rolling or other means.
  • the inner surface 83 of the reflector 67 is overlaid with a thin layer 84 of low temperature porcelain enamel.
  • the layer 84 may be applied by spraying the surface 83 with :a thin layer of a slip comprising slurry of a low tempertaure frit, an opaoifier, suitable suspending or binding agents and water.
  • the frit preferred for this purpose is a substantially lead free alkali. titania silicate glass of the type commercially available under the trade name 3M brand Aluminum Frit No. 8102..
  • the thickness of the layer of slip is preferably held within close tolerances at 0.002 inch in thickness.
  • the reflector 67 is then baked at the slips curing temperature, i.e., at 9701000 R, which is below the melting temperature of the aluminum base, and is then allowed to cool.
  • the resulting enamel layer 84 is characterized by an extremely smooth surface with a high gloss.
  • the reflector 67 is then placed in a vapor coating apparatus and a thin film of chromium or nickel containing bonding agent is vapor coated thereon.
  • Suitable bonding agents are elemental chromium and Inconel, an alloy of iron, chromium and nickel.
  • a thin film 85 of gold is then vapor coated onto the surface of the porcelain enamel layer 84 bearing the bonding agent, the amount of gold being preferably just sutficient to provide opacity, although slightly less or slightly more than that required for opacity may be applied. If a bonding agent is not used, the gold layer 85 may be vapor coated directly onto the porcelain enamel layer 84, and a bond therewith can be produced by a second baking operation at a temperature just below the 1000 F. softening temperature of the enamel.
  • the improved reflector 67 is superior to reflectors heretofore known and in particular is superior to reflectors in which the reflective material is electroplated directly onto a metallic base, since in the latter type, surface irregularities in the base are imparted to the reflective layer. In the instant reflector, such irregularities are not imparted to the surface of the enamel layer, which is extremely smooth and glossy.
  • the porcelain enamel layer 84 provides a chemically inert and heat insulating barrier between the metal of the base 67 and the metal of the reflective layer 85 preventing chemical reaction or alloying of these metals which would deleteriously affect the reflective properties of the layer 85. Since the ceramic layer 84 maintains the barrier even at high temperatures, the reflector 67 has high temperature stability heretofore unobtainable. Moreover, the heat insulating qualities of the layer 84 prevents excessive heating of the low temperature alloy base 67.
  • a lamp and reflector assembly adapted to provide improved reflectance and stability in a thermographic copying machine and comprising an elongate tubular lamp fixedly disposed substantially at the focus of an elongate reflector comprising a pair of complemental aluminum shells defining an interior cavity and a narrow lengthwise opening for concentrating the radiant energy from said lamp along a narrow band, a thin layer of low temperature porcelain enamel having a smooth high gloss finish bonded to the cavity-defining surfaces of said shells, and a thin metallic gold film having at least 93 percent reflectance for infra-red radiation bonded to said enamel layer.
  • a reflector characterized by high reflectivity and pemperental alnminum shells defining an elongate interior cavity, for confining an elongate tubular lamp in fixed position at the focus thereof, and a narrow lengthwise opening for concentrating radiant energy from a said lamp along a narrow band; a thin layer of low temperature porcelain enamel having a smooth high gloss finish bonded to the cavity-defining surfaces of said shells; and a thin metallic gold film, having at least 93 percent reflectance' for infra-red radiation, bonded to said enamel layer.
  • a reflector characterized by high reflectivity and high temperature stability and comprising: a pair of complemental aluminum shells defining an elongated interior cavity, for confining an elongated tubular lamp in fixed position at the focus thereof, and a narrow lengthwise opening for concentrating radiant energy from a said lamp along a narrow band; a thin layer of low temperature porcelain enamel having a smooth high gloss finish bonded to the cavity-defining surfaces of said shells; a thin film of metallic bonding agent, including a metal selected from the class consisting of nickel and chromium, bonded to said enamel layer; and a thin metallic gold film, having at least 93 percent reflectance for infrared radiation, bonded to said metallic film.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Description

April 1966 J. w. ULSETH ETAL 3,247,383
INFRA-RED REFLECTOR ASSEMBLY FOR THERMOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINE oliginal Filed Aplll 5 1960 INVENTORS POBFR7A. HAL 56"?6 JOHN 14/ UL 5677; y JOHN ,4. 6/?14 [/62 L E United States Patent 3,247,383 INFRA-RED REFLECTOR ASSEMBLY FOR THERMOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINE John W. Ulseth,,St.,Paul, Robert A. Halberg, WestSt. Paul, and John A. Gravelle, Roseville, Minn., assignors to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minn., a corporation of Delaware Original application Apr. 5, 1960, Ser. No. 20,039, now Patent No. 3,150,262, dated Sept. 22, 1964. Divided and this application Apr. 13, 1962, Ser. No. 198,388
3 Claims. (Cl. 250-88) This application is a division of application Serial No. 20,039 filed April 5, 1960, and entitled, Thcrmographic Copying Machine, now Patent No. 3,150,262, issued September 22, 1964.
This invention relates to improvements in thermographic copying machines and has particular reference to a low cost machine capable of rapidly and efficiently producing any desired number of reproductions of graphic originals on heat sensitive copy paper. The improved machine is light in weight and readily portable, having physical dimensions approximating those of a portable typewriter. The low contour of the improved machine makes it particularly suited to desk-top use.
Com-pactness is lent to the improved machine by the embodiment therein of a transparent tubular copy roll within which a lamp and reflector assembly is mounted, there being means for pressing -a compo-site of graphic original and copy sheet into intimate contact with the outer surface of the copy roll as the composite passes the area in which the irradiation of the lamp is concentrated by the reflector assembly. The improved machine has variable speed means and is provided with a single control knob which affords selective control of energization of both the lamp and the drive motor as well as selective control of the position of the lamp and reflector assembly and the speed at which the copy roll is driven. The efliciency of the machine is enhanced by the use of irradiating means, for subjecting a composite of graphic original and copy sheet to brief intense radiation, comprising a novel reflector construction affording improved reflectance and stability characteristics, and with which the present invent-ion is particularly concerned.
The invention can best be understood by reference to the accompanying drawing representing in perspective an enlarged partial section of the lamp and reflector assembly of the improved machine.
The preferred irradiating means takes the form of a lamp and reflector assembly 66 comprising an elongated tubular lamp 68 disposed substantially at the focus thereof. The reflector 67 and lamp 68 of the assembly 66 are fixed relative to each other.
It will be observed that the reflector 67 has a relatively narrow lengthwise opening 82 which concentrates the radiant energy from the lamp 68 along a relatively narrow band. In the presently preferred form of the invention the reflector opening 82 has a width of inc-h, and the lamp 68 is of the tungsten filament type having a length of inches and an electrical rating of 1350 watts at 280 volts.
The reflector 67 is characterized by exceptional reflectivity, i.e. greater than 93 percent reflectance of infrared, excellent heat stability, low cost and light weight. The reflector 67 may be made of a pair of complemental 3,247,383 Patented Apr. 19, 1966 metal shells 67a and 67b, preferably of aluminum which may be formed to the desired shape by suitable machining, extrusion, rolling or other means. The inner surface 83 of the reflector 67 is overlaid with a thin layer 84 of low temperature porcelain enamel. The layer 84 may be applied by spraying the surface 83 with :a thin layer of a slip comprising slurry of a low tempertaure frit, an opaoifier, suitable suspending or binding agents and water. The frit preferred for this purpose is a substantially lead free alkali. titania silicate glass of the type commercially available under the trade name 3M brand Aluminum Frit No. 8102.. The thickness of the layer of slip is preferably held within close tolerances at 0.002 inch in thickness. The reflector 67 is then baked at the slips curing temperature, i.e., at 9701000 R, which is below the melting temperature of the aluminum base, and is then allowed to cool. The resulting enamel layer 84 is characterized by an extremely smooth surface with a high gloss. The reflector 67 is then placed in a vapor coating apparatus and a thin film of chromium or nickel containing bonding agent is vapor coated thereon. Suitable bonding agents are elemental chromium and Inconel, an alloy of iron, chromium and nickel. A thin film 85 of gold is then vapor coated onto the surface of the porcelain enamel layer 84 bearing the bonding agent, the amount of gold being preferably just sutficient to provide opacity, although slightly less or slightly more than that required for opacity may be applied. If a bonding agent is not used, the gold layer 85 may be vapor coated directly onto the porcelain enamel layer 84, and a bond therewith can be produced by a second baking operation at a temperature just below the 1000 F. softening temperature of the enamel.
The improved reflector 67 is superior to reflectors heretofore known and in particular is superior to reflectors in which the reflective material is electroplated directly onto a metallic base, since in the latter type, surface irregularities in the base are imparted to the reflective layer. In the instant reflector, such irregularities are not imparted to the surface of the enamel layer, which is extremely smooth and glossy. The porcelain enamel layer 84 provides a chemically inert and heat insulating barrier between the metal of the base 67 and the metal of the reflective layer 85 preventing chemical reaction or alloying of these metals which would deleteriously affect the reflective properties of the layer 85. Since the ceramic layer 84 maintains the barrier even at high temperatures, the reflector 67 has high temperature stability heretofore unobtainable. Moreover, the heat insulating qualities of the layer 84 prevents excessive heating of the low temperature alloy base 67.
What is claimed as the invention is:
1. A lamp and reflector assembly adapted to provide improved reflectance and stability in a thermographic copying machine and comprising an elongate tubular lamp fixedly disposed substantially at the focus of an elongate reflector comprising a pair of complemental aluminum shells defining an interior cavity and a narrow lengthwise opening for concentrating the radiant energy from said lamp along a narrow band, a thin layer of low temperature porcelain enamel having a smooth high gloss finish bonded to the cavity-defining surfaces of said shells, and a thin metallic gold film having at least 93 percent reflectance for infra-red radiation bonded to said enamel layer.
2. A reflector characterized by high reflectivity and plernental alnminum shells defining an elongate interior cavity, for confining an elongate tubular lamp in fixed position at the focus thereof, and a narrow lengthwise opening for concentrating radiant energy from a said lamp along a narrow band; a thin layer of low temperature porcelain enamel having a smooth high gloss finish bonded to the cavity-defining surfaces of said shells; and a thin metallic gold film, having at least 93 percent reflectance' for infra-red radiation, bonded to said enamel layer.
3. A reflector characterized by high reflectivity and high temperature stability and comprising: a pair of complemental aluminum shells defining an elongated interior cavity, for confining an elongated tubular lamp in fixed position at the focus thereof, and a narrow lengthwise opening for concentrating radiant energy from a said lamp along a narrow band; a thin layer of low temperature porcelain enamel having a smooth high gloss finish bonded to the cavity-defining surfaces of said shells; a thin film of metallic bonding agent, including a metal selected from the class consisting of nickel and chromium, bonded to said enamel layer; and a thin metallic gold film, having at least 93 percent reflectance for infrared radiation, bonded to said metallic film.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,659,897 2/1928 Schoenfeld 219347 2,464,141 3/1949 Maier 88-105 2,464,256 3/1949 Packer 88105 2,482,054 9/1949 Colbert et al. 88--105 2,585,128 2/1952 Howe et a1. '88105 2,697,670 12/1954 Gaudenzi et al. 117-70 2,914,989 12/1959 Gretener '88-105 2,923,643 2/1960 Rodwell 11770 2,988,456 6/1961 Fairbanks et al 88-105 X 3,049,055 8/1962 Tubbs 88105 DAVID H. RUBIN, Primary Examiner.
20 RICHARD D. NEVIUS, Examiner.

Claims (1)

  1. 2. A REFLECTOR CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH REFLECTIVITY AND HIGH TEMPERATURE STABILITY AND COMPRISING: A PAIR OF COMPLEMENTAL ALUMINUM SHELLS DEFINING AN ELONGATE INTERIOR CAVITY, FOR CONFINING AN ELONGATE TUBULAR LAMP IN FIXED POSITION AT THE FOCUS THEREOF, AND A NARROW LENGTHWISE OPENING FOR CONCENTRATING RADIANT ENERGY FROM A SAID LAMP ALONG A NARROW BAND; A THIN LAYER OF LOW TEMPERATURE PORCELAIN ENAMEL HAVING A SMOOTH HIGH GLOSS FINISH BONDED TO THE CAVITY-DEFINING SURFACES OF SAID SHELLS; AND A THIN METALLIC GOLD FILM, HAVING AT LEAST 93 PERCENT REFLECTANCE FOR INFRA-RED RADIATION, BONDED TO SAID ENAMEL LAYER.
US198388A 1960-04-05 1962-04-13 Infra-red reflector assembly for thermographic copying machine Expired - Lifetime US3247383A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US198388A US3247383A (en) 1960-04-05 1962-04-13 Infra-red reflector assembly for thermographic copying machine

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20039A US3150262A (en) 1960-04-05 1960-04-05 Thermographic copying machine
US198388A US3247383A (en) 1960-04-05 1962-04-13 Infra-red reflector assembly for thermographic copying machine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3247383A true US3247383A (en) 1966-04-19

Family

ID=26692927

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US198388A Expired - Lifetime US3247383A (en) 1960-04-05 1962-04-13 Infra-red reflector assembly for thermographic copying machine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3247383A (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3316405A (en) * 1964-09-11 1967-04-25 Barnes Eng Co Means of increasing the emissivity of a source with a reflecting emitter element
US3450025A (en) * 1966-04-04 1969-06-17 Gen Electric Oven having one heat source for providing both baking and under-fired broiling
US3746834A (en) * 1971-01-22 1973-07-17 Philips Corp Device for fixing electrographic power images
US3944320A (en) * 1973-08-09 1976-03-16 Thorn Electrical Industries Limited Cold-light mirror
US4724329A (en) * 1983-10-06 1988-02-09 Laser Precision Corporation High efficiency radiation source for infrared spectrometry
US4812620A (en) * 1985-05-08 1989-03-14 Hy-Bec Corporation Concentrated radiant energy heat source unit
US5668921A (en) * 1994-10-14 1997-09-16 Essler; Karl-Hermann Hot-air dryer with infrared heater and slit-shaped outlet
NL1026156C2 (en) * 2004-05-10 2005-11-11 Euromedley B V Ceramic reflector.
WO2006119791A1 (en) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-16 Van Den Bergh Paulus Marinus H Ceramic reflector
US20150215993A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2015-07-30 Judco Manufacturing, Inc. Cordless handheld heater

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1659897A (en) * 1925-04-06 1928-02-21 Magnavox Co Reflector for radiant heaters
US2464141A (en) * 1946-07-13 1949-03-08 Eastman Kodak Co Mirror with low thermal expansion support
US2464256A (en) * 1944-02-05 1949-03-15 Donald M Packer Front-surface reflector and method of making same
US2482054A (en) * 1944-06-24 1949-09-13 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Mirror structure having a metal to glass adherence increasing interlayer
US2585128A (en) * 1946-03-01 1952-02-12 Bendix Aviat Corp Aluminum optical mirror and method of making same
US2697670A (en) * 1952-07-28 1954-12-21 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Ceramic coated chromium steel
US2914989A (en) * 1953-10-08 1959-12-01 Gretener Edgar Reflector
US2923643A (en) * 1957-06-18 1960-02-02 Hunter And Company Paints Ltd Production of anti-corrosive coatings for metals
US2988456A (en) * 1958-02-14 1961-06-13 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Slip-cast ceramic base optical mirrors
US3049055A (en) * 1959-11-27 1962-08-14 Tubbs William Henry Multiple purpose solar reflector

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1659897A (en) * 1925-04-06 1928-02-21 Magnavox Co Reflector for radiant heaters
US2464256A (en) * 1944-02-05 1949-03-15 Donald M Packer Front-surface reflector and method of making same
US2482054A (en) * 1944-06-24 1949-09-13 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Mirror structure having a metal to glass adherence increasing interlayer
US2585128A (en) * 1946-03-01 1952-02-12 Bendix Aviat Corp Aluminum optical mirror and method of making same
US2464141A (en) * 1946-07-13 1949-03-08 Eastman Kodak Co Mirror with low thermal expansion support
US2697670A (en) * 1952-07-28 1954-12-21 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Ceramic coated chromium steel
US2914989A (en) * 1953-10-08 1959-12-01 Gretener Edgar Reflector
US2923643A (en) * 1957-06-18 1960-02-02 Hunter And Company Paints Ltd Production of anti-corrosive coatings for metals
US2988456A (en) * 1958-02-14 1961-06-13 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Slip-cast ceramic base optical mirrors
US3049055A (en) * 1959-11-27 1962-08-14 Tubbs William Henry Multiple purpose solar reflector

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3316405A (en) * 1964-09-11 1967-04-25 Barnes Eng Co Means of increasing the emissivity of a source with a reflecting emitter element
US3450025A (en) * 1966-04-04 1969-06-17 Gen Electric Oven having one heat source for providing both baking and under-fired broiling
US3746834A (en) * 1971-01-22 1973-07-17 Philips Corp Device for fixing electrographic power images
US3944320A (en) * 1973-08-09 1976-03-16 Thorn Electrical Industries Limited Cold-light mirror
US4724329A (en) * 1983-10-06 1988-02-09 Laser Precision Corporation High efficiency radiation source for infrared spectrometry
US4812620A (en) * 1985-05-08 1989-03-14 Hy-Bec Corporation Concentrated radiant energy heat source unit
US5668921A (en) * 1994-10-14 1997-09-16 Essler; Karl-Hermann Hot-air dryer with infrared heater and slit-shaped outlet
NL1026156C2 (en) * 2004-05-10 2005-11-11 Euromedley B V Ceramic reflector.
WO2005108860A1 (en) * 2004-05-10 2005-11-17 Euromedley B.V. Ceramic reflector
WO2006119791A1 (en) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-16 Van Den Bergh Paulus Marinus H Ceramic reflector
US20150215993A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2015-07-30 Judco Manufacturing, Inc. Cordless handheld heater
US9635713B2 (en) * 2005-05-18 2017-04-25 Judco Manufacturing, Inc. Cordless handheld heater

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3247383A (en) Infra-red reflector assembly for thermographic copying machine
US3445662A (en) Composite coated heat reflectors and infrared lamp heaters equipped therewith
US3197335A (en) Surface-mounted electrical resistance structure and method for producing same
US3809859A (en) Infrared emitter
US4710677A (en) Incandescent lamps
GB1391425A (en) Electrically heated panels
US3052789A (en) Radiant heater and method of shielding the same
US3699309A (en) Directional infrared heating element
US3150262A (en) Thermographic copying machine
US2949387A (en) Light transmissive electrically conducting article
US3615318A (en) Decorating process
GB1372274A (en) Sheathed electrical resistance heating element
US3197185A (en) Furnace and furnace wall
US2179491A (en) Deterioration resistant reflector
JPS60159591A (en) Heating furnace
JPS5210741A (en) Manufacturing method of a reflecting mirror
JPH0155380B2 (en)
US2581632A (en) Strongly adherent metallic coated article
GB1296819A (en)
US2210131A (en) Electric discharge vessel
PT65227A (en) IMPROVED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS ARTICLES COATED WITH A LAYER OF METAL OXIDES
US3205051A (en) Light-colored porcelain-enameled aluminum articles and clad-aluminum sheets therefor
JPS5558372A (en) Substrate
JPS607095A (en) Far infrared ray heater
JPS60112283A (en) Heater