US2967792A - Spinnerette - Google Patents
Spinnerette Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2967792A US2967792A US856634A US85663459A US2967792A US 2967792 A US2967792 A US 2967792A US 856634 A US856634 A US 856634A US 85663459 A US85663459 A US 85663459A US 2967792 A US2967792 A US 2967792A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- spinnerette
- palladium
- iridium
- alloys
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 17
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum-iridium alloy Chemical compound [Ir].[Pt] HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000575 Ir alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- XSKIUFGOTYHDLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pd] XSKIUFGOTYHDLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
- D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
- D01D4/027—Spinnerettes containing inserts
Definitions
- the present invention deals with a spinnerette for the production of synthetic filaments and more particularly with a spinnerette compound of a palladium-rich alloy.
- Spinnerettes for the production of artificial filaments such as rayon contain many extremely fine orifices formed therethrough which are difiicult to machine and the orifice walls of the spinnerettes are subject to severe mechanical and chemical erosion and corrosion.
- the material forming the spinnerette is of utmost importance. The material must have a high degree of hardness and must be resistant to chemical attack. Platinum group metal alloys such as platinum-iridium and platinum-rhodium have been found quite suitable as spinnerette compositions in view of their high hardness and chemical resistance.
- Palladium-iridium and palladium-rhodium alloys are inferior to comparative platinum-iridium and platinumrhodium alloys because of their lower hardness, however minute spinning orifices are more easily formed therethrough.
- the present invention is concerned with palladium-rich platinum group metal alloys which in an age-hardened condition possess a hardness at least equal to percentage composition comparative platinum-rich platinum group metal alloys and are otherwise more easily machined in the annealed state prior to the age-hardened state.
- Figure 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a spinnerette of the invention
- Figure 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a modified spinnerette.
- Figure 1 shows an insert member 1 mounted in a hot- 2,967,792 Patented Jan. 10, 1 9 61 tom plate 2 and with a spinning orifice 3 through the insert member.
- Figure 2 shows orifices 4 formed through a bottom plate 5.
- a sheet of the alloy is prepared and discs are blanked from the sheet.
- the discs are annealed by heating them at a temperature between 1100 C. and 1250 C. After suflicient heating whereby the discs are annealed, the discs are quenched and at least one orifice, preferably a plurality of orifices are drilled therethrough. Since the blanks or discs are in an annealed condition, the orifices are formed without great difiiculty.
- the spinnerettes are agehardened at temperatures between 700 C. to 900 C., e.g. 700 C. to 800 C.
- a disc 0.01 inch in thickness and 1.2 inches in diameter was blanked from a sheet composed of 70% palladium, 10% iridium and 20% rhodium.
- the disc was annealed at a temperature of 1200 C. for 30 minutes and quenched in water. Then a plurality of orifices of 0.002 inch diameter was drilled through the disc. Then the spinnerette was age-hardened at a temperature of 800 C. for 60 minutes.
- the Brinell hardness of the spinnerette produced by the above example was increased from kg./mrn. to 210 kg./mm. by the above age-hardening.
- a small percentage of the palladium may further be replaced by up to 10% and preferably not more than 2% to 3% of base metals of the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, indium and tungsten, which metals may be found in technical grade palladium alloys.
- a spinnerette comprising an age-hardened metal member having at least one orifice formed therethrough and made from an alloy containing 7 percent to 15 percent iridium, 5 percent to 30 percent rhodium, the rest being Pa ad um,
- a spinnerette according to claim 1 in which up to 15 percent of the palladium is replaced by at least one of the metals selectedfrom the group consisting of gold, silver, rhenium and a metal of the platinum group other than iridium and rhodium.
- a spinning nozzle according to claim 1 in which up to 10 percent of the palladium is replaced by at least one of the base metals of the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, indium and tungsten.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
INVENTOR ATTORNEY United States Patent SPINNERET'IE Konrad Ruthardt, Hanan (Main), Germany, assignor to W. C. Heraeus G.m.b.H., Hanan (Main), Germany, a body corporate of Germany Filed Nov. 24, 1959, Ser. No. 856,634
Claims priority, application Germany July 12, 1956 7 Claims. (Cl. 148-325) The present invention deals with a spinnerette for the production of synthetic filaments and more particularly with a spinnerette compound of a palladium-rich alloy.
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Serial No. 670,293, filed July 5, 1957, now abandoned.
Spinnerettes for the production of artificial filaments such as rayon contain many extremely fine orifices formed therethrough which are difiicult to machine and the orifice walls of the spinnerettes are subject to severe mechanical and chemical erosion and corrosion. To meet the critical conditions in the spinning of artifical filaments, the material forming the spinnerette is of utmost importance. The material must have a high degree of hardness and must be resistant to chemical attack. Platinum group metal alloys such as platinum-iridium and platinum-rhodium have been found quite suitable as spinnerette compositions in view of their high hardness and chemical resistance. There is a practical limit in the amount of rhodium and iridium which can be added to the platinum because otherwise the alloy can become so hard that minute orifices can be drilled through a disc composed of higher iridium and rhodium content only with the greatest difiiculty and otherwise the shaping of the disc into a cup becomes more difiicult.
Palladium-iridium and palladium-rhodium alloys are inferior to comparative platinum-iridium and platinumrhodium alloys because of their lower hardness, however minute spinning orifices are more easily formed therethrough.
The present invention is concerned with palladium-rich platinum group metal alloys which in an age-hardened condition possess a hardness at least equal to percentage composition comparative platinum-rich platinum group metal alloys and are otherwise more easily machined in the annealed state prior to the age-hardened state.
It had been assumed that palladium forms an isomorphous system with iridium and rhodium and that the metals being completely soluble one in the other precludes the possibility of age-hardening the alloys. Contrary to such assumption, it has been discovered that there are solubility gaps in such alloys which permit them to become agehardened.
It is an object of the invention to provide a spinnerette composed essentially of an age-hardened platinum group metal alloy which in the annealed state permits the formation of spinnerette orifices without difficulty and which in the age-hardened state provides for a spinnerette of desirable high hardness.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description hereinafter following and the drawings forming a part hereof, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a spinnerette of the invention, and
Figure 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a modified spinnerette.
Figure 1 shows an insert member 1 mounted in a hot- 2,967,792 Patented Jan. 10, 1 9 61 tom plate 2 and with a spinning orifice 3 through the insert member.
Figure 2 shows orifices 4 formed through a bottom plate 5.
The plates 2 and 5 of Figures 1 and 2 are mounted in a cylindrical retaining collar 6.
The insert member 1 and plate 5 are composed of the alloy of the invention with the plate 2 and collar 6 being preferably composed of any suitable base metal, e.g. steel.
It has been found that work-hardened palladium-iridium alloys with an iridium content as high as 20% to 30% iridium are impractical for spinnerettes because of the difficulty in forming minute orifices in the spinnerette blank, but that such alloys in age-hardened conditions are very desirable because the minute orifices can be formed while the blank is in an annealed condition prior to agehardening and in the age-hardened state have a hardness even exceeding comparative work-hardened alloys. Such spinnerettes are described in copending application Serial No. 716,517, filed February 20, 1958, now Patent No. 2,938,788, granted May 31, 1960.
It is now discovered that the high hardness of the agehardened palladium-iridium spinnerettes can be maintained even with lower iridium content provided that rhodium is added. Accordingly, the present invention concerns spinnerettes composed of alloys of 7% to 15% iridium with from 5% to 30% rhodium, especially 10% to 25% rhodium, the rest being palladium. Such alloys proved to be equally well workable and easy. to polish so that highly polished bores of extreme accuracy can be obtained. Furthermore, they excel in high chemical and mechanical resistance under operating conditions and after very long use still give uniform spinning results.
In making the spinnerette of the invention, a sheet of the alloy is prepared and discs are blanked from the sheet. The discs are annealed by heating them at a temperature between 1100 C. and 1250 C. After suflicient heating whereby the discs are annealed, the discs are quenched and at least one orifice, preferably a plurality of orifices are drilled therethrough. Since the blanks or discs are in an annealed condition, the orifices are formed without great difiiculty. Then the spinnerettes are agehardened at temperatures between 700 C. to 900 C., e.g. 700 C. to 800 C.
More specifically, a disc 0.01 inch in thickness and 1.2 inches in diameter was blanked from a sheet composed of 70% palladium, 10% iridium and 20% rhodium. The disc was annealed at a temperature of 1200 C. for 30 minutes and quenched in water. Then a plurality of orifices of 0.002 inch diameter was drilled through the disc. Then the spinnerette was age-hardened at a temperature of 800 C. for 60 minutes.
The Brinell hardness of the spinnerette produced by the above example was increased from kg./mrn. to 210 kg./mm. by the above age-hardening.
It was possible to age-harden the above-mentioned alloy because of the dispersed solubility gaps in the alloy.
It is possible in these alloys to replace up to 15% of the palladium with at least one of the metals gold, silver, rhenium and a metal of the platinum group other than iridium and rhodium. However, such replacement should generally not exceed 10% preferably 5% of the palladium.
A small percentage of the palladium may further be replaced by up to 10% and preferably not more than 2% to 3% of base metals of the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, indium and tungsten, which metals may be found in technical grade palladium alloys.
Various modifications of the alloys of the invention are contemplated within the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A spinnerette comprising an age-hardened metal member having at least one orifice formed therethrough and made from an alloy containing 7 percent to 15 percent iridium, 5 percent to 30 percent rhodium, the rest being Pa ad um,
2. A spinnerette according to claim 1 wherein the rhodiumcontent is from 5 percent to 25 percent of the alloy.
3. A spinnerette according to claim 1, in which up to 15 percent of the palladium is replaced by at least one of the metals selectedfrom the group consisting of gold, silver, rhenium and a metal of the platinum group other than iridium and rhodium.
4. A spinning nozzle according to claim 1 in which up to 10 percent of the palladium is replaced by at least one of the base metals of the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, indium and tungsten.
5. A spinning nozzle according to claim 3 in which up to 10 percent of the palladium is replaced by at least one of the base metals of the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, indium and tungsten.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,048,647 Feussner et a1. July 21, 1936 2,071,216 Powell et al Feb. 16, 1937 2,566,283 Dowson Aug. 28, 1951 OTHER REFERENCES Carter: Proceedings of the Institute of Metals Division, 1928, A.I.M.E., pp. 749-.-785. Pp. 77.6, 777 and 781 pertinent.
Claims (1)
1. A SPINNERETTE COMPRISING AN AGE-HARDENED METAL MEMBER HAVING AT LEAST ONE ORIFICE FORMED THERETHROUGH AND MADE FROM AN ALLOY CONTAINING 7 PERCENT TO 15 PERCENT IRIDIUM, 5 PERCENT TO 30 PERCENT RHODIUM, THE REST BEING PALLADIUM.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEH27562A DE1077434B (en) | 1953-12-01 | 1953-12-01 | Use of a palladium alloy for spinnerets |
| DE323563X | 1953-12-01 | ||
| DEH24469A DE1010742B (en) | 1953-12-01 | 1953-12-01 | Use of a palladium alloy for spinnerets |
| DE2967792X | 1956-07-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2967792A true US2967792A (en) | 1961-01-10 |
Family
ID=32398033
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US856634A Expired - Lifetime US2967792A (en) | 1953-12-01 | 1959-11-24 | Spinnerette |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2967792A (en) |
| CH (2) | CH323563A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE1077434B (en) |
| GB (3) | GB758507A (en) |
| NL (2) | NL93985C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3488172A (en) * | 1966-11-02 | 1970-01-06 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for making glass fibers from a palladium-iridium bushing |
| US3819366A (en) * | 1969-03-21 | 1974-06-25 | Aurium Res Corp | Dental alloy |
| US10119177B2 (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2018-11-06 | C. Hafner GmbH & Co. KG | Precious metal alloy for use in the jewelry and watch industry |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1080784B (en) | 1955-07-21 | 1960-04-28 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Use of a palladium-iridium alloy as a material for electrical contacts and potentiometers |
| FR1345180A (en) * | 1961-11-30 | 1963-12-06 | Onderzoekings Inst Res | Method and device for making endless objects of constant cross section starting from a thermoplastic polymer as well as products obtained in this way |
| FR2403181A1 (en) * | 1977-09-20 | 1979-04-13 | Lignes Telegraph Telephon | EXTRUSION TOOL |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2048647A (en) * | 1931-07-15 | 1936-07-21 | Firm W C Heraeus Gmbh | Process of producing hard alloys |
| US2071216A (en) * | 1935-05-13 | 1937-02-16 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Precious metal alloys |
| US2566283A (en) * | 1948-03-16 | 1951-08-28 | Baker & Co Inc | Spinnerette |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE585545C (en) * | 1930-10-21 | 1933-10-05 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Palladium alloys containing rhodium |
-
0
- NL NL209087D patent/NL209087A/xx unknown
- NL NL93985D patent/NL93985C/xx active
-
1953
- 1953-12-01 DE DEH27562A patent/DE1077434B/en active Pending
- 1953-12-01 DE DEH24469A patent/DE1010742B/en active Pending
-
1954
- 1954-11-23 GB GB33919/54A patent/GB758507A/en not_active Expired
- 1954-11-25 CH CH323563D patent/CH323563A/en unknown
-
1956
- 1956-07-04 CH CH344518D patent/CH344518A/en unknown
- 1956-07-23 GB GB22749/56A patent/GB830653A/en not_active Expired
-
1957
- 1957-07-12 GB GB22178/57A patent/GB837236A/en not_active Expired
-
1959
- 1959-11-24 US US856634A patent/US2967792A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2048647A (en) * | 1931-07-15 | 1936-07-21 | Firm W C Heraeus Gmbh | Process of producing hard alloys |
| US2071216A (en) * | 1935-05-13 | 1937-02-16 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Precious metal alloys |
| US2566283A (en) * | 1948-03-16 | 1951-08-28 | Baker & Co Inc | Spinnerette |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3488172A (en) * | 1966-11-02 | 1970-01-06 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for making glass fibers from a palladium-iridium bushing |
| US3819366A (en) * | 1969-03-21 | 1974-06-25 | Aurium Res Corp | Dental alloy |
| US10119177B2 (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2018-11-06 | C. Hafner GmbH & Co. KG | Precious metal alloy for use in the jewelry and watch industry |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL209087A (en) | |
| GB837236A (en) | 1960-06-09 |
| GB758507A (en) | 1956-10-03 |
| DE1010742B (en) | 1957-06-19 |
| DE1077434B (en) | 1960-03-10 |
| CH344518A (en) | 1960-02-15 |
| NL93985C (en) | |
| GB830653A (en) | 1960-03-16 |
| CH323563A (en) | 1957-08-15 |
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