US2559031A - Copper base alloys - Google Patents
Copper base alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2559031A US2559031A US545720A US54572044A US2559031A US 2559031 A US2559031 A US 2559031A US 545720 A US545720 A US 545720A US 54572044 A US54572044 A US 54572044A US 2559031 A US2559031 A US 2559031A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- silver
- oxygen
- duty
- base alloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag] NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper silver Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Ag] YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N dexamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
Definitions
- This invention relates to the production of copper-base alloys, and in particular copper-base alloys suitable for use in the manufacture of electrical contacts, electrodes and other components and parts of electrical apparatus requiring high electrical conductivity in conjunction with high strength and resistance to wear at both normal and elevated working temperatures.
- the present invention accordingly consists in a high-duty copper-base alloy, wherein silver or a silver-copper master alloy is added to a copper melt so that silver is present in the final alloy to the extent of from 5% to 7% and the oxygen content is controlled so that oxygenis present to the extent of from 0.04% to 0.1%.
- the invention further consists in a high-duty copper-base alloy comprising from 5% .to 7% silver, from 0.04% to 0.1% oxygen and the balance copper.
- the best method of controlling the oxygen content within the range named above is found to be by poling after alloying, covering the melt with a layer of charcoal or other dry carbonaceous material without, or low in sulphur, and making periodical microscopic examinations and when necessary, chemical analyses.
- the oxygen content may be controlled by the addition to the melt of a suitable de-oxidant such as phosphorus, silicon or lithium, care being taken however to avoid as far as possible any residual of the de-oxidant in the final alloy.
- a suitable de-oxidant such as phosphorus, silicon or lithium
- the improved alloy is particularly suitable for the production of contact electrodes for resistance welding machines, and the best results for this purpose have been obtained by casting the alloy in water cooled copper moulds, the rate of flow of the coolant being carefully controlled to give a uniform rate of cooling of the alloy and thereby maintain a very fine and uniform grain size in the casting.
- the cast billet is subsequently cooled in air to a temperature lower than the eutectic point of the alloy before finally quenching.
- the disc or other part out from the billet is subsequently cold forged prior to final machining, this forging operation imparting a high degree of hardness together with an increase in the electrical conductivity.
- Typical hardness figures thus obtained are 140-160 V. P. H. An electrical conductivity of 85% has also been obtained consistently.
- an addition of from 0.1% to 0.2% of either nickel or cobalt or chromium may be made to the silvercopper, oxygen-containing alloy described above and replacing copper, whereby improved malleability is obtained with further increase in hardness after forging and but slight lowering of the electrical conductivity.
- a high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 5% to 7% silver, from 0.04% to 0.1% oxygen and the balance copper.
- a high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 6.2% to 6.5% silver, from 0.045% to 0.055% oxygen and the balance copper.
- a high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 5% to 7% silver, from 0.04% to 0.1% oxygen, 0.1% to 0.2% nickel and the balance copper.
- a high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 5% to 7% silver, from 0.04% to 0.1% oxygen, 0.1% to 0.2% cobalt and the balance copper.
- a high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 6.2% to 6.5% silver, from 0.045% to 0.055% oxygen, 0.1% to 0.2% nickel and the balance copper.
- a high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 6.2% to 6.5% silver, from 0.045% to 0.055% oxygen, 0.1% to 0.2% cobalt and the balance copper.
- a high-duty copper-base alloy consisting'of from 5% to 7% silver, from 0.04% to 0.1% oxy-v gen, up to 0.2% of a metal-selected. from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt and the balance copper.
- a high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 6.2% to 6.5% silver, from 0.045% to 0.055%
- oxygen up to 0.2% of a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt and the balance copper.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Description
Patented July 3, 1951 COPPER BASE ALLOYS John Sykes, Enfield, England, assignor to Enfield Rolling Mills Limited, Enfield, England, a companyof Great Britain No Drawing. Application July 19, 1944, Serial No.
545,720. In Great Britain August 26, 1943 q 8 Claims. (Cl. 75-453) This invention relates to the production of copper-base alloys, and in particular copper-base alloys suitable for use in the manufacture of electrical contacts, electrodes and other components and parts of electrical apparatus requiring high electrical conductivity in conjunction with high strength and resistance to wear at both normal and elevated working temperatures.
Alloys of copper and silver are already well known and have been used for, amongst other purposes, the production of contact electrodes for resistance welding machines, but in practice considerable variation has been met with in the electrical and physical properties of such alloys despite apparent uniformity in the proportions of silver and copper present.
I have found that copper-silver alloys with consistently high electrical conductivity and good and consistent physical properties can be obtained by utilizing a silver content within a given range and including a carefully controlled small percentage of oxygen.
The present invention accordingly consists in a high-duty copper-base alloy, wherein silver or a silver-copper master alloy is added to a copper melt so that silver is present in the final alloy to the extent of from 5% to 7% and the oxygen content is controlled so that oxygenis present to the extent of from 0.04% to 0.1%.
The invention further consists in a high-duty copper-base alloy comprising from 5% .to 7% silver, from 0.04% to 0.1% oxygen and the balance copper.
It is to be understood that impurities normal to commercial copper may also be present, though it is desirable that the presence of arsenic or antimony be avoided as far as is practicably possible.
In practice the best method of controlling the oxygen content within the range named above is found to be by poling after alloying, covering the melt with a layer of charcoal or other dry carbonaceous material without, or low in sulphur, and making periodical microscopic examinations and when necessary, chemical analyses.
Alternatively, the oxygen content may be controlled by the addition to the melt of a suitable de-oxidant such as phosphorus, silicon or lithium, care being taken however to avoid as far as possible any residual of the de-oxidant in the final alloy.
The improved alloy is particularly suitable for the production of contact electrodes for resistance welding machines, and the best results for this purpose have been obtained by casting the alloy in water cooled copper moulds, the rate of flow of the coolant being carefully controlled to give a uniform rate of cooling of the alloy and thereby maintain a very fine and uniform grain size in the casting.
The cast billet is subsequently cooled in air to a temperature lower than the eutectic point of the alloy before finally quenching.
The disc or other part out from the billet is subsequently cold forged prior to final machining, this forging operation imparting a high degree of hardness together with an increase in the electrical conductivity. Typical hardness figures thus obtained are 140-160 V. P. H. An electrical conductivity of 85% has also been obtained consistently.
In some cases, depending upon the amount of change of dimensions to be achieved by cold forging, it is necessary to proceed in stages with intermediate anneals, and such annealing must be carried out in a reducing atmosphere to avoid surface oxidation and the risk of surface cracking, as forging proceeds.
In the production of an alloy for use in the manufacture of disc welding electrodes as used in resistance seam welding, it is preferable to maintain the silver content between the limits 6.2% to 6.5% and the oxygen between 0.045% and 0.055%.
The fabrication of articles from silver-copper alloys by processes involving hot or cold working requires great care owing to an inherent weakness in the grain boundaries due to the formation of the eutectic, with consequent risk of rupture between individual crystals or grains during such fabrication.
As a further feature of the present invention, an addition of from 0.1% to 0.2% of either nickel or cobalt or chromium may be made to the silvercopper, oxygen-containing alloy described above and replacing copper, whereby improved malleability is obtained with further increase in hardness after forging and but slight lowering of the electrical conductivity.
I claim:
1. A high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 5% to 7% silver, from 0.04% to 0.1% oxygen and the balance copper.
2. A high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 6.2% to 6.5% silver, from 0.045% to 0.055% oxygen and the balance copper.
3. A high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 5% to 7% silver, from 0.04% to 0.1% oxygen, 0.1% to 0.2% nickel and the balance copper.
4. A high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 5% to 7% silver, from 0.04% to 0.1% oxygen, 0.1% to 0.2% cobalt and the balance copper.
5. A high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 6.2% to 6.5% silver, from 0.045% to 0.055% oxygen, 0.1% to 0.2% nickel and the balance copper.
6. A high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 6.2% to 6.5% silver, from 0.045% to 0.055% oxygen, 0.1% to 0.2% cobalt and the balance copper.
7. A high-duty copper-base alloy consisting'of from 5% to 7% silver, from 0.04% to 0.1% oxy-v gen, up to 0.2% of a metal-selected. from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt and the balance copper.
8. A high-duty copper-base alloy consisting of from 6.2% to 6.5% silver, from 0.045% to 0.055%
oxygen, up to 0.2% of a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt and the balance copper.
JOHN SYKES.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the -file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,651,970 Schenck Dec. 6, 1927 1,660,220 De .Golyer Feb. 21, 1923 1,723,922 Corson Aug. 6, 1929 .l,771;977 Blomberg July 29, 1930 1,955,576 Clapp et a1 Apr. 17, 1934 2,073,371 Hensel Mar. 9, 1937 2,143,914 Hensel et a1 Jan. 17, 1939
Claims (1)
- 7. A HIGH-DUTY COPPER-BASE ALLOY CONSISTING OF FROM 5% TO 7% SILVER, FROM 0.04% TO 0.1% OXYGEN, UP TO 0.2% OF A METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NICKEL AND COBALT AND THE BALANCE COPPER.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2559031X | 1943-08-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2559031A true US2559031A (en) | 1951-07-03 |
Family
ID=10910100
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US545720A Expired - Lifetime US2559031A (en) | 1943-08-26 | 1944-07-19 | Copper base alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2559031A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2942158A (en) * | 1955-11-01 | 1960-06-21 | Westinghouse Air Brake Co | Copper alloys for asymmetrical conductors and copper oxide cells made therefrom |
| US4477320A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1984-10-16 | Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corporation | Method of preparing electrolytic manganese dioxide |
| US5106701A (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1992-04-21 | Fujikura Ltd. | Copper alloy wire, and insulated electric wires and multiple core parallel bonded wires made of the same |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1651970A (en) * | 1925-08-11 | 1927-12-06 | Duriron Co | Corrosion-resisting alloy |
| US1660220A (en) * | 1927-04-16 | 1928-02-21 | Golyer Anthony G De | Copper refining |
| US1723922A (en) * | 1926-04-13 | 1929-08-06 | Electro Metallurg Co | Copper cobalt alloy |
| US1771977A (en) * | 1927-05-06 | 1930-07-29 | Gen Electric | Wear-resisting current-carrying contact |
| US1955576A (en) * | 1929-12-24 | 1934-04-17 | Rolling Process Inc | Process for treating metals |
| US2073371A (en) * | 1936-07-16 | 1937-03-09 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electrode for welding |
| US2143914A (en) * | 1937-10-09 | 1939-01-17 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Copper-silver-beryllium-nickel alloy |
-
1944
- 1944-07-19 US US545720A patent/US2559031A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1651970A (en) * | 1925-08-11 | 1927-12-06 | Duriron Co | Corrosion-resisting alloy |
| US1723922A (en) * | 1926-04-13 | 1929-08-06 | Electro Metallurg Co | Copper cobalt alloy |
| US1660220A (en) * | 1927-04-16 | 1928-02-21 | Golyer Anthony G De | Copper refining |
| US1771977A (en) * | 1927-05-06 | 1930-07-29 | Gen Electric | Wear-resisting current-carrying contact |
| US1955576A (en) * | 1929-12-24 | 1934-04-17 | Rolling Process Inc | Process for treating metals |
| US2073371A (en) * | 1936-07-16 | 1937-03-09 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electrode for welding |
| US2143914A (en) * | 1937-10-09 | 1939-01-17 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Copper-silver-beryllium-nickel alloy |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2942158A (en) * | 1955-11-01 | 1960-06-21 | Westinghouse Air Brake Co | Copper alloys for asymmetrical conductors and copper oxide cells made therefrom |
| US4477320A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1984-10-16 | Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corporation | Method of preparing electrolytic manganese dioxide |
| US5106701A (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1992-04-21 | Fujikura Ltd. | Copper alloy wire, and insulated electric wires and multiple core parallel bonded wires made of the same |
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