US2745801A - Chromium plating - Google Patents
Chromium plating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2745801A US2745801A US494263A US49426355A US2745801A US 2745801 A US2745801 A US 2745801A US 494263 A US494263 A US 494263A US 49426355 A US49426355 A US 49426355A US 2745801 A US2745801 A US 2745801A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bright
- chromic acid
- present
- antimony
- chromium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 25
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title description 9
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 34
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000021 acetate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IRAKVRJJLPZVGE-UHFFFAOYSA-L acetic acid;dihydroxy(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound CC(O)=O.O[Cr](O)(=O)=O IRAKVRJJLPZVGE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkali metal acetates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012999 compression bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/10—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium characterised by the organic bath constituents used
Definitions
- This invention relates to electrodeposition of chromium and specifically to electrodeposition of bright chromium on a surface of antimony, tin, or silver and semi-bright chromium on lead.
- the art of chromium plating has developed commercially largely as a coating for nickel electrodeposits.
- the standard chromium bath for the production of bright chromium deposits on bright nickel surfaces contains, in addition to water, substantially chromic acid and a minor proportion of sulfate ion.
- the standard chromium plating solution as used in nickel plating is capable of producing on antimony, tin or silver surfaces chromium deposits of limited adherence, but even on highly buffed antimony surfaces chromium deposits from the standard bath and of a thickness to protect the antimony adequately are not bright as taken from the solution but tend to be cloudy or gray and of course the hardness of chromium renders it diificult if not entirely impractical to buff the chromium deposit.
- a bright and more adherent chromium coating can be obtained on a bright surface of antimony, tin, or silver which will be fully bright as taken from the chrome plating solution without any bufiing or polishing of any kind and a semi-bright deposit (superior to that which is produced by the standard bath) can be made on polished lead, likewise without buffing or polishing the chromium deposit.
- the solution referred to is primarily an aqueous chromic acid solution containing a suitable concentration of acetic acid or a salt thereof supplying acetate ion, and a minor proportion of sulfate ion.
- the present preferred solution according to the invention contains chromic acid, sodium acetate, sulfate ion and water, the chromic acid being the principal constituent, suitably present to the extent of from 100 to 700 grams per liter, most desirably about 250 to 450 grams per liter; the acetate ion being present in concentration from about 15% to about 35% of the chromic acid by weight, most desirably from about 50 to about 100 grams per liter; sulfate ion being present approximately to the extent of from 0.3% to 1.0% of the chromic acid by weight, most desirably from about 1.0 to 3.0 grams per liter; the temperature of operation being in the order of 75 to 130 F., most desirably about 80 to 100 F.
- Preferred chrome plating solutions according to 'th present invention are as follows:
- Example I C'I'Oa 250 grams per liter. Acetic acid a -a 50 grams .per liter. Sulfuric acid; -a 1.0 gram per liter. Cathode current density 200 A. S. F. Temperature Room to 100 F.
- Example II CrOa grams per liter. Acetic acid 200 grams per liter. Sulfuric acid 3 gramsp'er liter. Cathode current density 100 A. S. F. Temperature Room 't'o'l10' F.
- Results are substantially as in Example II with the exception that current efliciency is improved by the use of sodium acetate instead of acetic acid.
- the chromic acid, sodium acetate, sulfate ion solution is preferred although the sodium acetate can be replaced by acetic acid, other alkali metal acetates, ammonium acetate or other compounds compatible with the solution and supplying acetate ions.
- the deposits be on the specified surfaces, since the special solutions above described are not needed for electroplating on bright nickel surfaces and are not elfective on metallic surfaces in general. They do, however, give excellent results on bright'antimony, silver and tin surfaces vention.
- a process capable of producing adherent chromium :deposits of improved lustre on bright surfaces of the class consisting of antimony, tin, silver and lead comprising electrolyzing between an anode surface and a bright cathode surface of the class consisting of bright antimony, bright tin, bright silver and bright lead surfaces, an aqueous solution essentially consisting of water, chromic acid, acetate ion and sulfate ion, acetate ion being present in concentration from about to about of the chromic acid by weight, sulfate ion being present to the extent of from about 0.3 to about 1.0 per 7 cent of the chromic acid by weight and chromic acid being present in concentration from about 100 to about 700 grams per liter.
- a process capable of producing bright adherent chromium deposits on bright surfaces of the class con sisting ofantimony, tin, silver and lead comprising electrolyzing, at a cathode current density from about 100 1 to about 400 amperes per square foot between an anode surface and a bright cathode surface of the class consisting of bright antimony, bright silver, bright tin and bright lead, an aqueous solution essentially consisting of water, chromic'acid, acetate ion and sulfate ion, acetate ion being present in concentration from about 15 to about 35% of the chromic acid by weight, sulfate ion being present from about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the chromic acid by weight, and chromic acid being present in concentration from about 100 to about 700 grams per liter.
- a process capable of producing bright adherent chromium deposits on bright antimony surfaces comprising electrolyzing, at a cathode current density from about 200 to about 300 amperes per square foot between an anode surface and a bright antimony cathode surface, an aqueous solution essentially consisting of water, chromic acid, acetate ion and sulfate ion, acetate ion being present in concentration from about 15 to about 35% of the chromic acid by weight, sulfate ion being present from about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the chromic acid by weight, and chromic acid being present in concentration from about 250 to about 350 grams per liter.
- a process capable of producing bright adherent chromium deposits on bright antimony surfaces comprising electrolyzing, at a cathode current density from about to about 400 amperes per square foot between an anode surface and a bright antimony cathode surface, an aqueous solution essentially consisting of water, chromic acid, acetate ion and sulfate ion, acetate ion being present in concentration from about 15 to 35% of the chromic acid by weight, sulfate ion being present from about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the chromic acid by weight, and chromic acid being present in concentration from about 100 to about 700 grams per liter, said solution being maintained at a temperature from about 75 F. to about 130 F.
- a process capable of producing bright adherent chromium deposits ontbright antimony surfaces comprising electrolyzing, at a cathode current density from about 200 to about 300 amperes per square foot between an anode surface and a bright antimony cathode surface, an aqueous solution essentially consisting of water, chromic acid, sodium acetate and sulfuricacid, sodium acetate being present in concentration molecularly equivalent to acetic acid from about 15 to 35% of the chromic acid by weight, sulfate being present from about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the chromic acid by Weight, and chromic acid being present in concentration from about 250 to about 350 grams per liter, said solution being maintained at a temperature from about 75 F. to about F.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
United States Patent '9 M CHROMHIM PLATING Thomas Blaine, Parma Heights, Ohio, assignor to The Harshaw Chemical Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio N Drawing. Application March 14, 1955, Serial No. 494,263
Claims. (Cl. 204-51) This invention relates to electrodeposition of chromium and specifically to electrodeposition of bright chromium on a surface of antimony, tin, or silver and semi-bright chromium on lead.
The art of chromium plating has developed commercially largely as a coating for nickel electrodeposits. The standard chromium bath for the production of bright chromium deposits on bright nickel surfaces contains, in addition to water, substantially chromic acid and a minor proportion of sulfate ion.
The standard chromium plating solution as used in nickel plating is capable of producing on antimony, tin or silver surfaces chromium deposits of limited adherence, but even on highly buffed antimony surfaces chromium deposits from the standard bath and of a thickness to protect the antimony adequately are not bright as taken from the solution but tend to be cloudy or gray and of course the hardness of chromium renders it diificult if not entirely impractical to buff the chromium deposit.
It has now been discovered in accordance with the present invention that by the use of a suitable chromium plating bath, differing from the above mentioned standard bath, a bright and more adherent chromium coating can be obtained on a bright surface of antimony, tin, or silver which will be fully bright as taken from the chrome plating solution without any bufiing or polishing of any kind and a semi-bright deposit (superior to that which is produced by the standard bath) can be made on polished lead, likewise without buffing or polishing the chromium deposit. The solution referred to is primarily an aqueous chromic acid solution containing a suitable concentration of acetic acid or a salt thereof supplying acetate ion, and a minor proportion of sulfate ion. The present preferred solution according to the invention contains chromic acid, sodium acetate, sulfate ion and water, the chromic acid being the principal constituent, suitably present to the extent of from 100 to 700 grams per liter, most desirably about 250 to 450 grams per liter; the acetate ion being present in concentration from about 15% to about 35% of the chromic acid by weight, most desirably from about 50 to about 100 grams per liter; sulfate ion being present approximately to the extent of from 0.3% to 1.0% of the chromic acid by weight, most desirably from about 1.0 to 3.0 grams per liter; the temperature of operation being in the order of 75 to 130 F., most desirably about 80 to 100 F.
While bright deposits can be obtained without the sulfate ion, it is found that thicker deposits of the same quality can be made without losing brightness if the sulfate ion is present, and, also, the bath operates in a higher current density range to produce brightness. Good deposits are obtained in a current density range from 100 to 400 amperes per square foot from the 2,7 45,801 Patented -May 15,- 1956 chromic acid-acetate bath containing a suitable proportion of sulfate ion. 7
Preferred chrome plating solutions according to 'th present invention are as follows:
F. e. g, 100 1 Cathode current density 200-300 (e. g., 200).
The following specific examples of aqueous chromium electroplating solutions will serve to illustrate the invention:
Example I C'I'Oa 250 grams per liter. Acetic acid a -a 50 grams .per liter. Sulfuric acid; -a 1.0 gram per liter. Cathode current density 200 A. S. F. Temperature Room to 100 F.
From this solution excellent bright deposits are produced on bright antimony, bright'tinand bright "silver and semibright deposits on polished lead to 'a thickness 'of0.02 niil.
Example II CrOa grams per liter. Acetic acid 200 grams per liter. Sulfuric acid 3 gramsp'er liter. Cathode current density 100 A. S. F. Temperature Room 't'o'l10' F.
Results are substantially as in Example II with the exception that current efliciency is improved by the use of sodium acetate instead of acetic acid.
Deposits taken from the foregoing solutions, the same being electrolyzed between a lead'anode and a bright antimony cathode are adherent on both compression and expansion bending and bright up to a thickness of 0.00002 inch. These baths have given continued good results after a considerable period of laboratory testing and plant scale testing. Deposits from standard chromium plating solutions do not resist compression bending as well and are not as bright at these thicknesses. The chromic acid, sodium acetate, sulfate ion solution is preferred although the sodium acetate can be replaced by acetic acid, other alkali metal acetates, ammonium acetate or other compounds compatible with the solution and supplying acetate ions.
Higher current efiiciency can be obtained by using acetate salts as against acetic acid. Better results are obtained by adding alkali to a bath containing acetic acid. (The preferred upper limit of alkali is an amount equivalent to 88 g./l. NazCOa over and above that needed to neutralize the acetic acid. K, Na, Mg, Ca, A1, Ni, and NH; salts have been tried and all are about equivalent when used in equivalent concentrations (mols per liter)).
It is an important feature of this invention that the deposits be on the specified surfaces, since the special solutions above described are not needed for electroplating on bright nickel surfaces and are not elfective on metallic surfaces in general. They do, however, give excellent results on bright'antimony, silver and tin surfaces vention.
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Serial No. 436,233, filed June 11, 1954, which was a continuation-in-part of my application Serial No. 319,608, filed November 8, 1952, both :now abandoned.
, Having thus described the invention, what is claimed .1. A process capable of producing adherent chromium :deposits of improved lustre on bright surfaces of the class consisting of antimony, tin, silver and lead comprising electrolyzing between an anode surface and a bright cathode surface of the class consisting of bright antimony, bright tin, bright silver and bright lead surfaces, an aqueous solution essentially consisting of water, chromic acid, acetate ion and sulfate ion, acetate ion being present in concentration from about to about of the chromic acid by weight, sulfate ion being present to the extent of from about 0.3 to about 1.0 per 7 cent of the chromic acid by weight and chromic acid being present in concentration from about 100 to about 700 grams per liter.
'2. A process capable of producing bright adherent chromium deposits on bright surfaces of the class con sisting ofantimony, tin, silver and lead comprising electrolyzing, at a cathode current density from about 100 1 to about 400 amperes per square foot between an anode surface and a bright cathode surface of the class consisting of bright antimony, bright silver, bright tin and bright lead, an aqueous solution essentially consisting of water, chromic'acid, acetate ion and sulfate ion, acetate ion being present in concentration from about 15 to about 35% of the chromic acid by weight, sulfate ion being present from about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the chromic acid by weight, and chromic acid being present in concentration from about 100 to about 700 grams per liter.
3. A process capable of producing bright adherent chromium deposits on bright antimony surfaces comprising electrolyzing, at a cathode current density from about 200 to about 300 amperes per square foot between an anode surface and a bright antimony cathode surface, an aqueous solution essentially consisting of water, chromic acid, acetate ion and sulfate ion, acetate ion being present in concentration from about 15 to about 35% of the chromic acid by weight, sulfate ion being present from about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the chromic acid by weight, and chromic acid being present in concentration from about 250 to about 350 grams per liter.
4. A process capable of producing bright adherent chromium deposits on bright antimony surfaces comprising electrolyzing, at a cathode current density from about to about 400 amperes per square foot between an anode surface and a bright antimony cathode surface, an aqueous solution essentially consisting of water, chromic acid, acetate ion and sulfate ion, acetate ion being present in concentration from about 15 to 35% of the chromic acid by weight, sulfate ion being present from about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the chromic acid by weight, and chromic acid being present in concentration from about 100 to about 700 grams per liter, said solution being maintained at a temperature from about 75 F. to about 130 F.
5. A process capable of producing bright adherent chromium deposits ontbright antimony surfaces comprising electrolyzing, at a cathode current density from about 200 to about 300 amperes per square foot between an anode surface and a bright antimony cathode surface, an aqueous solution essentially consisting of water, chromic acid, sodium acetate and sulfuricacid, sodium acetate being present in concentration molecularly equivalent to acetic acid from about 15 to 35% of the chromic acid by weight, sulfate being present from about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the chromic acid by Weight, and chromic acid being present in concentration from about 250 to about 350 grams per liter, said solution being maintained at a temperature from about 75 F. to about F.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING ADHERENT CHROMIUM DEPOSITS OF IMPROVED LUSTRE ON BRIGHT SURFACES OF THE CLASS CONSISTING OF ANTIMONY, TIN, SILVER AND LEAD COMPRISING ELECTROLYZING BETWEEN AN ANODE SURFACE AND A BRIGHT CATHODE SURFACE OF THE CLASS CONSISTING OF BRIGHT ANTIMONY, BRIGHT TIN, BRIGHT SILVER AND BRIGHT LEAD SURFACES, AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION ESSENTIALLY CONSISTING OF WATER, CHROMIC ACID, ACETATE ION AND SULFATE ION, ACETATE ION BEING PRESENT IN CONCENTRATION FROM ABOUT 15 TO ABOUT 35% OF THE CHROMIC ACID BY WEIGHT, SULFATE ION BEING PRESENT TO THE EXTENT OF FROM ABOUT 0.3 TO ABOUT 1.0 PER CENT OF THE CHROMIC ACID BY WEIGHT AND CHROMIC ACID BEING PRESENT IN CONCENTRATION FROM ABOUT 100 TO ABOUT 700 GRAMS PER LITER.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US494263A US2745801A (en) | 1955-03-14 | 1955-03-14 | Chromium plating |
| DEH24093A DE1007141B (en) | 1955-03-14 | 1955-06-06 | Bath and process for the galvanic deposition of firmly adhering shiny chrome coatings on shiny surfaces made of antimony, tin, silver and lead |
| FR1125826D FR1125826A (en) | 1955-03-14 | 1955-06-07 | Electrolytic chrome plating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US494263A US2745801A (en) | 1955-03-14 | 1955-03-14 | Chromium plating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2745801A true US2745801A (en) | 1956-05-15 |
Family
ID=23963766
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US494263A Expired - Lifetime US2745801A (en) | 1955-03-14 | 1955-03-14 | Chromium plating |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2745801A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1007141B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1125826A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3248310A (en) * | 1962-05-16 | 1966-04-26 | Gen Dev Corp | Bright plating of chromium |
| US3414492A (en) * | 1965-12-14 | 1968-12-03 | Corillium Corp | Chromium plating process |
| US3475294A (en) * | 1964-10-08 | 1969-10-28 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Method of electroplating chromium and compositions therefor |
| US3720588A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1973-03-13 | G Oleson | Black chromium plating process |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1542549A (en) * | 1923-09-14 | 1925-06-16 | Elecrom Ltd | Process for the electrolytic deposition of metallic chromium |
| US2623847A (en) * | 1947-09-10 | 1952-12-30 | Lloyd O Gilbert | Black chromium plating |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2655471A (en) * | 1951-12-21 | 1953-10-13 | Poor & Co | Chromium electroplating |
-
1955
- 1955-03-14 US US494263A patent/US2745801A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1955-06-06 DE DEH24093A patent/DE1007141B/en active Pending
- 1955-06-07 FR FR1125826D patent/FR1125826A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1542549A (en) * | 1923-09-14 | 1925-06-16 | Elecrom Ltd | Process for the electrolytic deposition of metallic chromium |
| US2623847A (en) * | 1947-09-10 | 1952-12-30 | Lloyd O Gilbert | Black chromium plating |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3248310A (en) * | 1962-05-16 | 1966-04-26 | Gen Dev Corp | Bright plating of chromium |
| US3475294A (en) * | 1964-10-08 | 1969-10-28 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Method of electroplating chromium and compositions therefor |
| US3414492A (en) * | 1965-12-14 | 1968-12-03 | Corillium Corp | Chromium plating process |
| US3720588A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1973-03-13 | G Oleson | Black chromium plating process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1007141B (en) | 1957-04-25 |
| FR1125826A (en) | 1956-11-08 |
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