US2671717A - Chemical brightening of aluminum - Google Patents
Chemical brightening of aluminum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2671717A US2671717A US182146A US18214650A US2671717A US 2671717 A US2671717 A US 2671717A US 182146 A US182146 A US 182146A US 18214650 A US18214650 A US 18214650A US 2671717 A US2671717 A US 2671717A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- alkali
- sodium
- solution
- hydroxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 9
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 nitrite ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001243 acetic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F3/00—Brightening metals by chemical means
- C23F3/02—Light metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the chemical brightening of aluminum surfaces. More particularly, it relates to a method of chemically treating aluminum surfaces for the purpose of increasing their specularity.
- aluminum as used herein includes pure aluminum, aluminum of commercial purity, and various commercially available aluminum alloys containing, for example, small amounts of manganese, magnesium, copper, etc.
- the present invention is based on the discovery that by immersing aluminum articles in certain hot alkali solutions containing nitrate or nitrite ions, brightened surfaces can be obtained which are comparable to those produced by any of the processes known heretofore, the method having the particular advantage of greater economy due both to the lower cost and the lower concentrations of chemicals employed.
- the solutions employed in the practice of the present invention essentially contain an alkali hydroxide and a soluble nitrate or nitrite. While some improvement in the brightness or reflectivity of aluminum surfaces can be obtained employing some- What more concentrated solutions, it has been found that to obtain the maximum specularity, the chemical treating bath should contain from 1 to 6 oz.
- an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium or potassium hydroxide and from 2 to 6 oz. of an alkali, i. e., sodium, potassium or ammonium, nitrate or nitrite per gallon of water.
- a preferred bath is one containing from 1.75 to 3 oz. of sodium hydroxide or equivalent amount of potassium hydroxide and 3 to 3.75 oz. alkali nitrate or nitrite per gallon of water.
- the alkali content of the bath there can be employed either commercial sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide or any of a number ofthe commercially available alkaline cleaners consisting essentially of an alkali hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide and small amounts of phosphates, silicates and the like.
- the temperature of the bath should be from to F. and at such temperatures an immersion time of from 2 to 4 minutes is usually sufiicient to obtain the desired degree of brightness.
- the aluminum articles are coated with the dark deposit characterizing aluminum articles which have been immersed in an alkaline solution.
- This dark deposit can be easily removed, for example, by immersion of the treated article in a nitric acid solution containing from 15 to 35% nitric acid, or in a solution of 15 to 25% nitric acid with to hydrofluoric acid or by immersion in the usual sulfuric acid anodizing solutions employed for the purpose of anodizing aluminum surfaces to provide thereon a thin protective film of oxide.
- the surfaces obtained in accordance with the present invention exhibit a total reflectivity for white light of from '72 to 78%, this value being somewhat higher for unanodized surfaces.
- the brightened product obtained in accordance with the present invention results from a cleaning and a mild' etching action by the alkali hydroxide content of the bath forming sodium aluminate, combined with the reaction of the nitrate or nitrite with the aluminum surface to keep the surface from oxidizing and overetching.
- the nitrates or nitrites are reduced to ammonia while hydrogen is liberated due to the action of the caustic alkali on the aluminum with the production of sodium aluminate.
- alkali aluminate in the reaction tends to bufier the solution and reduces the tendency to overetch.
- the evolution of these reducing gases employing an optimum balance of the alkali hydroxide and nitrate or nitrite causes the maximum or optimum gassing of the surface to prevent overetching or overoxidation of the surface and, hence, the maximum brightening thereof.
- aluminum articles were immersed in a hot solution containing two ounces sodium hydroxide and two ounces sodium nitrate per gallon of solution.
- the temperature of the solution ranged from 145 to 165 F.
- the articles were removed from the bath and the dark coating thereon removed by means of a sulfuric acid anodizing bath.
- the treated articles were found to have 72 to 78% reflectivity.
- the surfaces of the articles were uniformly bright.
- the method of chemically brightening the surface of an aluminum article which comprises immersing said article in a hot solution maintained at a temperature from about 140-170 F. and consisting of water, an alkali metal hydroxide of the group consisting of sodium and potassium hydroxide, and an alkali nitrate, said solution containing from one to six ounces of the alkali metal hydroxide and from two to six ounces of the alkali mtrate per gallon of solution.
- the method of chemically brightening the surface of an aluminum article which comprises immersing said article in a hot dilute aqueous solution maintained at a temperature of from 140-170 F. and consisting essentially of water, an alkali metal hydroxide of the group consisting of the hydroxides of sodium and potassium. and a compound selected from the group consisting of the nitrates and nitrites of ammonia, potassium, and sodium, said solution containing from one to six ounces of said alkali metal hydroxide and from two to six ounces of said compound selected from the group consisting of the nitrates and nitrltes of ammonia, potassium, and sodium.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented Mar. 9, 1954 CHEMICAL BRIGHTENING OF ALUMINUM James T. Ferguson, Erie, Pa., assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application August 29, 1950, Serial No. 182,146
Claims. 1
The present invention relates to the chemical brightening of aluminum surfaces. More particularly, it relates to a method of chemically treating aluminum surfaces for the purpose of increasing their specularity.
The term aluminum as used herein includes pure aluminum, aluminum of commercial purity, and various commercially available aluminum alloys containing, for example, small amounts of manganese, magnesium, copper, etc.
Various methods have been known heretofore for brightening metal surfaces including the surfaces of aluminum articles for the purpose of improving their decorative appearance or imparting thereto a high degree of reflectivity for use as light reflectors, etc. Until quite recently the only commercially successful method of brightening aluminum articles was by anodic treatment thereof in a suitable electrolyte such as a solution of sulfuric acid. However, as such electrolytic methods are quite expensive in requiring considerable electric equipment, numerous attempts have been made to brighten aluminum surfaces by purely chemical means. Of these attempts the most successful known to applicant prior to his invention included the immersion of the aluminum article in relatively concentrated solutions of certain acids or mixtures of acids in-- cluding nitric, phosphoric and acetic acids.
The present invention is based on the discovery that by immersing aluminum articles in certain hot alkali solutions containing nitrate or nitrite ions, brightened surfaces can be obtained which are comparable to those produced by any of the processes known heretofore, the method having the particular advantage of greater economy due both to the lower cost and the lower concentrations of chemicals employed. The solutions employed in the practice of the present invention essentially contain an alkali hydroxide and a soluble nitrate or nitrite. While some improvement in the brightness or reflectivity of aluminum surfaces can be obtained employing some- What more concentrated solutions, it has been found that to obtain the maximum specularity, the chemical treating bath should contain from 1 to 6 oz. of an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium or potassium hydroxide and from 2 to 6 oz. of an alkali, i. e., sodium, potassium or ammonium, nitrate or nitrite per gallon of water. A preferred bath is one containing from 1.75 to 3 oz. of sodium hydroxide or equivalent amount of potassium hydroxide and 3 to 3.75 oz. alkali nitrate or nitrite per gallon of water. As the alkali content of the bath there can be employed either commercial sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide or any of a number ofthe commercially available alkaline cleaners consisting essentially of an alkali hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide and small amounts of phosphates, silicates and the like.
Both the composition and the temperature of the bath are important to obtain maximum brightening action. For best results the temperature of the bath should be from to F. and at such temperatures an immersion time of from 2 to 4 minutes is usually sufiicient to obtain the desired degree of brightness.
.As removed from the alkaline bath, the aluminum articles are coated with the dark deposit characterizing aluminum articles which have been immersed in an alkaline solution. This dark deposit can be easily removed, for example, by immersion of the treated article in a nitric acid solution containing from 15 to 35% nitric acid, or in a solution of 15 to 25% nitric acid with to hydrofluoric acid or by immersion in the usual sulfuric acid anodizing solutions employed for the purpose of anodizing aluminum surfaces to provide thereon a thin protective film of oxide. In general, it is preferable that all surface impurities be removed prior to anodization to assure the production of uniform brightness and protective aluminum oxide film. Even after anodization, the surfaces obtained in accordance with the present invention exhibit a total reflectivity for white light of from '72 to 78%, this value being somewhat higher for unanodized surfaces.
It is known that immersion of aluminum surfaces in hot solutions of sodium hydroxide followed by treatment with a suitable acid solution to remove the dark deposit will produce a uniform etching of the surface with the production of what has been described as a bright, etched surface. The process of the present invention differs from such etching processes in that a nitrate or nitrite forms an essential component of the treating bath with the result that there is obtained a brilliant, smooth, highly reflective and substantially unetched surface. For example, it has been found that when the bath consists only of the alkali hydroxide with no addition of nitrate or nitrite, considerable etching is noted and a finish is produced with some degree of brightness but which is not always uniform. However, with the addition to the bath of sodium nitrate or sodium nitrite of the correct concentration, a surface of high degree of brightness measured in light reflectance is uniformly obtained. It is believed that the brightened product obtained in accordance with the present invention results from a cleaning and a mild' etching action by the alkali hydroxide content of the bath forming sodium aluminate, combined with the reaction of the nitrate or nitrite with the aluminum surface to keep the surface from oxidizing and overetching. Presumably, the nitrates or nitrites are reduced to ammonia while hydrogen is liberated due to the action of the caustic alkali on the aluminum with the production of sodium aluminate. The formation of alkali aluminate in the reaction tends to bufier the solution and reduces the tendency to overetch. The evolution of these reducing gases employing an optimum balance of the alkali hydroxide and nitrate or nitrite causes the maximum or optimum gassing of the surface to prevent overetching or overoxidation of the surface and, hence, the maximum brightening thereof.
As a specific example of the process of the present invention, aluminum articles were immersed in a hot solution containing two ounces sodium hydroxide and two ounces sodium nitrate per gallon of solution. The temperature of the solution ranged from 145 to 165 F. After an average immersion of about 3 minutes the articles were removed from the bath and the dark coating thereon removed by means of a sulfuric acid anodizing bath. After anodization to produce a coating requiring at least 200 volts to break through the oxide coating, the treated articles were found to have 72 to 78% reflectivity. The surfaces of the articles were uniformly bright.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. The method of chemically brightening the surface of an aluminum article which comprises immersing said article in a hot solution maintained at a temperature from about 140-170 F. and consisting of water, an alkali metal hydroxide of the group consisting of sodium and potassium hydroxide, and an alkali nitrate, said solution containing from one to six ounces of the alkali metal hydroxide and from two to six ounces of the alkali mtrate per gallon of solution.
2. The method of claim 1 in which the alkali metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide.
3. The method of claim 1 in which the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide, and the alkali nitrate is sodium nitrate in the proportions of from one to four ounces sodiumrhydroxide and from two to five ounces sodium nitrate per gallon of solution.
4. The method of chemically brightening an aluminum surface which comprises the immersion thereof in a hot solution consisting of water, sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate, said solution containing from 1.75 to 3 ounces sodium hydroxide and from 3 to 3.75 ounces sodium nitrate per gallon of solution, said solution being maintained at a temperature of from -170" F.
5. The method of chemically brightening the surface of an aluminum article which comprises immersing said article in a hot dilute aqueous solution maintained at a temperature of from 140-170 F. and consisting essentially of water, an alkali metal hydroxide of the group consisting of the hydroxides of sodium and potassium. and a compound selected from the group consisting of the nitrates and nitrites of ammonia, potassium, and sodium, said solution containing from one to six ounces of said alkali metal hydroxide and from two to six ounces of said compound selected from the group consisting of the nitrates and nitrltes of ammonia, potassium, and sodium.
JAMES T. FERGUSON.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,247,086 Crowe Nov. 20, 1917 2,068,352 Schlacks Jan. 19, 1937 2,096,309 Pullen Oct. 19, 1937 2,168,909 Mason Aug. 8, 1939 2,171,546 Kappes Sept. 5, 1939 2,311,623 Blackmun Feb. 23, 1943 2,395,694 Spence Feb. 26, 1946 2,502,621 Fine Apr. 4, 1950
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF CHEMICALLY BRIGHTENING THE SURFACE OF AN ALUMINUM ARTICLE WHICH COMPRISES IMMERSING SAID ARTICLE IN A HOT SOLUTION MAINTAINED AT A TEMPERATURE FROM ABOUT 140-170* F. AND CONSISTING OF WATER, AND ALKALI METAL BYDROXIDE OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, AND AN ALKALI NITRATE, SAID SOLUTION CONTAINING FROM ONE TO SIX OUNCES OF THE ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE AND FROM TWO TO SIX OUNCES OF THE ALKALI NITRATE PER GALLON OF SOLUTION.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US182146A US2671717A (en) | 1950-08-29 | 1950-08-29 | Chemical brightening of aluminum |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US182146A US2671717A (en) | 1950-08-29 | 1950-08-29 | Chemical brightening of aluminum |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2671717A true US2671717A (en) | 1954-03-09 |
Family
ID=22667248
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US182146A Expired - Lifetime US2671717A (en) | 1950-08-29 | 1950-08-29 | Chemical brightening of aluminum |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2671717A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2901344A (en) * | 1958-02-07 | 1959-08-25 | Aluminum Co Of America | Removal of iron from aluminum surfaces |
| US3039910A (en) * | 1958-11-10 | 1962-06-19 | Aluminum Co Of America | Treating aluminum surfaces |
| US3139678A (en) * | 1961-08-30 | 1964-07-07 | Scully Anthony Corp | Method of cold pressure welding electrical enclosure members |
| US3306773A (en) * | 1962-06-07 | 1967-02-28 | Progil | Protection of sintered aluminum from alteration in organic liquids |
| US3378669A (en) * | 1967-06-30 | 1968-04-16 | Olin Mathieson | Method of making non-porous weld beads |
| US3378668A (en) * | 1964-01-24 | 1968-04-16 | Olin Mathieson | Method of making non-porous weld beads |
| US3625900A (en) * | 1968-01-22 | 1971-12-07 | Kolene Corp | Prefused descaling bath constituent and method of maintaining a constant chemical composition of a bath |
| US3646946A (en) * | 1969-01-06 | 1972-03-07 | Olin Mathieson | Copper alloy cleaning process |
| US3673098A (en) * | 1967-11-06 | 1972-06-27 | Chemed Corp | Detergent composition and process |
| US3754967A (en) * | 1971-06-18 | 1973-08-28 | Dow Corning | Method of adhering silicone rubber to metal surfaces using salts |
| US4451304A (en) * | 1981-05-04 | 1984-05-29 | Walter Batiuk | Method of improving the corrosion resistance of chemical conversion coated aluminum |
| US4588474A (en) * | 1981-02-03 | 1986-05-13 | Chem-Tronics, Incorporated | Chemical milling processes and etchants therefor |
| US20120312784A1 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2012-12-13 | Mec Company Ltd. | Surface roughening agent for aluminum, and surface roughening method using said surface roughening agent |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1247086A (en) * | 1915-04-03 | 1917-11-20 | Myron L Crowe | Method of coating metallic articles to prevent oxidation. |
| US2068352A (en) * | 1931-06-15 | 1937-01-19 | Western Electric Co | Tungsten wire reducing machine |
| US2096309A (en) * | 1934-12-17 | 1937-10-19 | British Aluminum Company Ltd | Surface treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2168909A (en) * | 1936-12-01 | 1939-08-08 | Aluminum Co Of America | Producing etched surfaces on aluminum |
| US2171546A (en) * | 1938-05-03 | 1939-09-05 | Aluminum Co Of America | Surface preparation |
| US2311623A (en) * | 1941-02-06 | 1943-02-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | Surface treatment for aluminum |
| US2395694A (en) * | 1944-06-02 | 1946-02-26 | Hooker Electrochemical Co | Processes for removing oxide from the surface of metals |
| US2502621A (en) * | 1945-10-08 | 1950-04-04 | Menasco Mfg Company | Method of determining oxygen concentration in steel |
-
1950
- 1950-08-29 US US182146A patent/US2671717A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1247086A (en) * | 1915-04-03 | 1917-11-20 | Myron L Crowe | Method of coating metallic articles to prevent oxidation. |
| US2068352A (en) * | 1931-06-15 | 1937-01-19 | Western Electric Co | Tungsten wire reducing machine |
| US2096309A (en) * | 1934-12-17 | 1937-10-19 | British Aluminum Company Ltd | Surface treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2168909A (en) * | 1936-12-01 | 1939-08-08 | Aluminum Co Of America | Producing etched surfaces on aluminum |
| US2171546A (en) * | 1938-05-03 | 1939-09-05 | Aluminum Co Of America | Surface preparation |
| US2311623A (en) * | 1941-02-06 | 1943-02-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | Surface treatment for aluminum |
| US2395694A (en) * | 1944-06-02 | 1946-02-26 | Hooker Electrochemical Co | Processes for removing oxide from the surface of metals |
| US2502621A (en) * | 1945-10-08 | 1950-04-04 | Menasco Mfg Company | Method of determining oxygen concentration in steel |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2901344A (en) * | 1958-02-07 | 1959-08-25 | Aluminum Co Of America | Removal of iron from aluminum surfaces |
| US3039910A (en) * | 1958-11-10 | 1962-06-19 | Aluminum Co Of America | Treating aluminum surfaces |
| US3139678A (en) * | 1961-08-30 | 1964-07-07 | Scully Anthony Corp | Method of cold pressure welding electrical enclosure members |
| US3306773A (en) * | 1962-06-07 | 1967-02-28 | Progil | Protection of sintered aluminum from alteration in organic liquids |
| US3378668A (en) * | 1964-01-24 | 1968-04-16 | Olin Mathieson | Method of making non-porous weld beads |
| US3519779A (en) * | 1967-06-30 | 1970-07-07 | Olin Corp | Method of making non-porous weld beads |
| US3378669A (en) * | 1967-06-30 | 1968-04-16 | Olin Mathieson | Method of making non-porous weld beads |
| US3673098A (en) * | 1967-11-06 | 1972-06-27 | Chemed Corp | Detergent composition and process |
| US3625900A (en) * | 1968-01-22 | 1971-12-07 | Kolene Corp | Prefused descaling bath constituent and method of maintaining a constant chemical composition of a bath |
| US3646946A (en) * | 1969-01-06 | 1972-03-07 | Olin Mathieson | Copper alloy cleaning process |
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| US9493878B2 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2016-11-15 | Mec Company Ltd. | Surface roughening agent for aluminum, and surface roughening method using said surface roughening agent |
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